JP2721074B2 - Dimension calculation device for plate by image processing - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for calculating the size of a plate-like body by image processing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a production line for a plate-like body such as a wall panel, the size of a measurement site defined on the plate-like body is measured, and a pass / fail judgment on a standard size is performed.

At this time, in the prior art, the dimensional measurement is performed manually by using a gold scale, a caliper, or the like.

Incidentally, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-77607 proposes a method for measuring the shape and dimensions using an image processing technique. This prior art makes it possible to measure the dimensions of an object to be measured by binarizing an image signal.

[0005]

However, the prior art has the following problems. There is a limit to the speed of a measurement operation using a gold scale, a caliper, or the like, and a long measurement time is required.

When a part of the edge of the measurement portion of the plate-shaped body has a defect, a large dimensional error occurs when the contact part such as a gold scale or a caliper is brought into contact with the defect part. Therefore, it is essential for the measurement operator to pay attention to make sure that the contact portions such as the gold gauge and the caliper are brought into contact with the healthy portion without any loss.

In a dimension measuring apparatus using image processing described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-77607, if a part of an edge of a measurement site of a measured object has a defect, the defect is not included. There is a difficulty in performing stable dimension measurement, such as calculating dimension values.

An object of the present invention is to make it possible to measure the dimensions of a plate in a short time and with high accuracy.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is an apparatus for calculating the size of a plate-like body by image processing for calculating the size of a measurement site defined on a plate-like body, and comprising: A threshold value is determined based on a density difference between an image capturing device to be captured and an image captured by the image capturing device, and the image is binarized.
The number of pixels of a rectangular portion having one side as a measurement site partitioned by the binarization processing is measured, and the number of pixels of the rectangular portion is multiplied by a predetermined area per pixel to obtain an area of the rectangular portion ( A) is calculated, and the area (A) is divided by the length (Y) of a predetermined side of the rectangular portion in a direction orthogonal to the measurement site, thereby obtaining the dimension (X) of the measurement site. And an image processing device for calculating the image.

[0010]

According to the present invention, the following operations are provided. The measuring operation speed can be increased by electrically shortening the image processing time, and the dimension of the plate can be measured in a short time.

[0011] The image processing is performed by capturing a rectangular portion having one side as the measurement site. Even if there is a defect at a part of the edge of the measurement site, the existence of the defect is diluted and the defect is reduced. Corresponding local abnormal dimension detection is prevented. Therefore, even if there is a defect, the dimensions of the plate-like body can be measured stably with high accuracy.

[0012]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a dimension measuring system, and FIG.
Is a schematic diagram showing a plate manufacturing line, FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a control system of a dimension measuring system, FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a dimension measuring portion of the plate, and FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an image processing procedure. ,
6 is a schematic diagram showing a shadow forming state, FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a defect measuring state, FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a method for measuring the dimension of a long body, and FIG. 9 shows image processing contents of the long body. It is a schematic diagram.

The dimension measurement system 10 measures the dimensions of a plurality of (16) measurement sites defined on the plate-like body 1 by image processing.

The plate-like body 1 is a wall panel manufactured by a dryer 3 and a trimming device 4 in a molding line in a wall panel manufacturing line as shown in FIG. The plate-like body 1 is provided with a dimension measurement system 10 provided on the inspection line 5.
The dimensions are measured by, and are carried out to the sorting line 6.

Here, as shown in FIG. 4, the plate-like body 1 has a convex portion 1A at the center, a peripheral portion 1B at the periphery, total heights H ₁ and H ₂ on the left and right, and total lengths B ₁ and B _{2 on the} upper and lower sides. , Diagonal length C ₁ , C
_2, it is defined the measurement site of the ear dimensions a ₁ ~a _6, b all 16 locations of ₁ ~b _4.

The dimension measuring system 10 can measure the dimensions of the plate-like bodies 1 of all 500 types. In the plate-like body 1, the standard dimensions of the above-mentioned 16 measurement sites are different for each product type.

However, as shown in FIG. 1, the dimension measuring system 10 includes a plate-like body loading device 11 and a plate-like body positioning device 1.
2. It has an imaging device 13, an image processing device 14, a plate-like object unloading device 15, and a control device 16.

The plate-like body carrying device 11 is a belt conveyor device arranged on the gantry 17 and carries in the plate-like body 1.

The plate-shaped body positioning device 12 includes a lifting table 18 supported by a gantry 17, pushers 19 and 20, both vertically and horizontally, which are raised and lowered together with the lifting table 18.
The plate-like body 1, which includes stoppers 21 and 22 in both horizontal directions, is positioned by the plate-like body carry-in device 11 at the dimension measurement position.

The imaging device 13 is installed on the gantry 23 and captures images of each measurement site of the plate 1 positioned by the plate positioning device 12. The gantry 23 is provided with a total of 18 imaging devices 13. Further, a CCD camera is used as the imaging device 13.

The image processing device 14 performs image processing on an image picked up by each image pickup device 13 and calculates the size of each measurement site.

The plate-like body discharging device 15 is a belt conveyor device disposed on the gantry 17 and discharges the plate-like body 1 whose dimensions have been calculated by the image processing device 14.

The control device 16 is a host computer, and transmits to the image processing device 14 dimension measurement information (type, standard size, etc.) of the plate 1 carried in by the plate carrying device 11.

The image processing device 14 determines whether or not the calculated dimensions of the respective measurement sites are acceptable based on the dimension measurement information of the plate-shaped body 1 transmitted from the control device 16.

The gantry 23 of the imaging device 13 is separated from the gantry 17 for the plate-like body carrying-in device 11, the positioning device 12, and the carrying-out device 15, and is installed independently.

The operation of measuring the dimensions of the plate-like body 1 by the dimension measuring system 10 is performed as follows.

(1) The plate 1 cut into a predetermined size by the trimming device 4 is carried in by the plate carrying device 11. The trimming device 4 is controlled by a trimming control device 4A to which cutting information is transmitted from the control device 16.

(2) Plate 1 carried into dimension measurement position
Stops immediately before the stoppers 21 and 22.

(3) The elevating table 18 is raised, and the vertical pusher 19 operates to press the plate 1 against the vertical stopper 21. Next, the lateral pusher 20 operates to press the plate-shaped body 1 against the lateral stopper 22. This allows
The positioning of the plate 1 is completed.

(4) The image of each measurement site of the plate-like body 1 is captured by the imaging device 13. Which of the imaging devices 13 to use among all the imaging devices 13 is automatically selected based on the type information transmitted by the control device 16.

(5) Image processing is performed by the image processing device 14,
Calculate the dimensions of each measurement site. (6) Based on the dimension measurement information of the plate-like body 1 transmitted from the control device 16, the calculated dimensions of the respective measurement parts are compared with their standard dimensions, and a pass / fail judgment is made.

Hereinafter, an image processing procedure by the image processing apparatus 14 will be described. (A) Ear size (1) Raw image capture (see FIGS. 5 (A), (B), and FIG. 6) Ear 1B defined at the step-shaped boundary with the convex portion 1A of the plate 1
Is calculated. Illumination (high-frequency fluorescent lamp) 31 is applied obliquely from above the convex portion 1A constituting the step-shaped boundary portion of the plate-like body 1, and a raw image including a shadow 32 created by the illumination 31 is taken into the imaging device 13.

The shadow 32 can be made linear by adjusting the installation state of the illumination 31.

When the shadow 32 is planar, the width a _w of the shadow 32 is determined in advance. Then, the image processing apparatus 14 is dimensioned a ₀ determined from the image number of the ear portion 1B by the image processing to be described later, is added to a _w as the correction value.

(2) Search for binarization level (see FIG. 5 (C)) A threshold value is determined from the density difference of the shadow 32 generated at the stepped boundary portion of the raw image picked up by the image pickup device 13. Specifically, it is based on the following.

Creation of Shade Histogram A raw image taken into the image pickup device 13 in the above (1) is cut out at a fixed width (Y) and divided into 512 squares (unit: pixel).
A density histogram (density level: 256 levels)
(See FIG. 5C).

Determination of Threshold From the above-mentioned histogram, the level for binarizing the image (to distinguish between white and black) is determined by the mountain-valley method (binary level = threshold).

In (2), since the density distribution is checked for all the objects to be measured, it is possible to flexibly cope with a change in the illuminance of the illumination.

(3) Optimum binarization (see FIG. 5 (D)) The raw image captured by the imaging device 13 in (1) above is
Binarization is performed using the threshold value obtained in (2).

A measurement target image (white) 33 including the measurement site (ear 1B) partitioned by the above-described binarization processing is obtained, and the area per pixel predetermined in the number of pixels of the measurement target image 33 is determined. Is multiplied to calculate the area (A ₁ ) of the measurement target image 33, and the measurement target image 33
Area (A ₂ ) of the measurement target image 33 from the contour shape of
It is calculated, obtaining the optimal threshold by changing the threshold above to A ₁ and A ₂ are substantially coincident.

Here, specifically, the above-mentioned (a)
Or as in (b). (a) When the inclination θ of the main axes (short axis and long axis) of the measurement target image 33 is obtained by the moment of inertia theorem

The image 33 to be measured passes through the center of gravity and X
Coordinate system using the moment of inertia Mxx on a straight line parallel to the axis, the moment of inertia Myy on a straight line passing through the center of gravity and parallel to the Y axis, and the moment of inertia Mxy on a straight line passing through the center of gravity and parallel to the X and Y axes. And the intersection angle (slope) θ between the X-axis and the long axis of the inertia ellipse equivalent to the measurement target image 33 is determined.

[0043]

(Equation 1)

An XY coordinate having the inclination direction as the main axis direction is set in the image 33 to be measured, and A ₂ = XY is obtained from the length X of the short axis and the length Y of the long axis. Then, the above threshold value is changed by 5 (in 256 steps) until 0.9 × A ₂ ≦ A ₁ ≦ 1.1 × A ₂ (5) (the maximum number of changes is 20 times).

(B) When the main axis of the measurement target image 33 is not tilted: A ₂ = XY is determined from the maximum length X of the measurement target image 33 and the cutout width Y of the raw image. Then, the above threshold value is changed by 5 (out of 256 steps) until A ₁ ≒ A ₂ (6) (the maximum number of times of change is 20 times).

In the above (3), the threshold value change time for obtaining the optimum binarization level is changed by 20 times.
On the order of seconds.

(4) Calculation of ear dimensions (see FIG. 5 (E)) The above-mentioned raw image is divided into two by the optimum threshold value obtained in the above (3).
Perform value processing.

The number of pixels of the rectangular portion 34 whose one side is the measurement site (ear 1B) calculated by the binarization process is measured.

The area (A) of the rectangular portion 34 is calculated by multiplying the number of pixels of the rectangular portion 34 by a predetermined area per pixel, and the area (A) is calculated by dividing the cut-out width of the rectangular portion 34. By dividing by Y, the dimension a _{0 of the} measurement site is obtained.
Is calculated (see FIG. 7).

As a result, since the measurement site (ear 1B) is captured by the rectangular portion 34, a defective portion 35 as shown in FIG.
It is possible to prevent the appearance of abnormal dimensions due to the presence of etc.

The shadow 32 of the raw image is a width a_w To
If so, as described above, a ₀ To a_w With the correction value
Of the measurement site (ear 1B)
(X = a).

(B) Overall Height, Overall Length, and Diagonal Length (1) Arrangement of Imaging Apparatus 13 The overall height of the plate-like body 1 extends over the field of view of the imaging apparatus 13. Therefore, the imaging device 13 is arranged at each of the _two imaging positions (p ₁ , p ₂ ) along the dimension measurement direction of the plate-like body 1. At this time, each of the two imaging devices 13 may be arranged at both imaging positions, or one imaging device 13 may be movable and alternately arranged at both imaging positions.

(2) Imaging of a reference point (see FIGS. 8A and 8B) A reference gauge 41 having a constant distance L between reference points is prepared. Then, in the screen of each imaging device 13 arranged at each of the imaging positions (p ₁ , p ₂ ), two reference points (s ₁ , s ₂ ) forming a fixed distance (L) between the reference points are displayed. The reference point positions (i ₁ , i ₂ ) where they are located are determined.

(3) Imaging of the measurement site (see FIG. 8C). An image including each measurement site of the plate-like body 1 is taken into each imaging device 13 arranged at each imaging position (p ₁ , p ₂ ), and each measurement site on the screen of each imaging device 13 is processed by the image processing. Is calculated (r ₁ , r ₂ ).

Incidentally, the positions (r ₁ , r ₂ ) of the respective measurement sites by the image pickup device 13 are obtained by using the same technique as the image processing technique for measuring the ear dimensions described in (A), or by the method described in (A). ) Is determined using the image processing result for the ear size measurement.

(4) Calculation of long dimension (see FIG. 9) The position (r) of each measurement site on the screen of each imaging device 13
_1, r ₂₎ calculates the distance (x _1, x ₂₎ which makes with the corresponding gauge position (i _1, i _2), the dimension between the two measurement site is calculated by L + x ₁ + x _2.

Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described. After the plate-like body 1 is carried in by the carry-in device 11, it is positioned by the positioning device 12, the dimensions of each measurement site are calculated by the image processing device 14, and then the carry-out device 1
5 to be carried out. That is, the dimensions of the plurality of measurement sites defined on the plate-like body 1 can be automatically measured on the production line.

Accordingly, the measuring operation speed can be increased by shortening the carry-in time, the positioning time, the image processing time, and the carry-out time electrically and mechanically, and the dimension of the plate-like body 1 can be measured in a short time. Therefore, even when the plate-shaped body 1 has a large number of measurement sites, the dimension measurement of all the measurement sites can be completed within a relatively short tact time.

The measuring operation is performed electrically and mechanically, and high measuring accuracy can be maintained even when the operation is continuous and for a long time.

The pass / fail judgment is automatically made by the image processing apparatus 14. Therefore, it is easy to accumulate the judgment data, and it is possible to improve the productivity by analyzing the data.

The image processing device 14 includes a control device 16
Dimension measurement information such as the type and standard size of the plate-like body 1 is obtained from the above, and it is possible to immediately respond to the pass / fail judgment of all types.

The support stand 23 of the image pickup device 13 is installed independently of the stand 17 for the loading device 11, the positioning device 12, and the unloading device 15. Therefore, the loading device 1
1. The vibrations of the drive systems of the positioning device 12 and the unloading device 15 are not transmitted to the imaging device 13. For this reason, high-precision imaging and, consequently, high-precision image processing can be ensured.

The dimensions are measured by image processing based on the density difference generated at the step-like boundary of the plate-like body 1. If the step shape (step height, gradient angle, etc.) is constant,
Stable dimensional accuracy can be secured. At this time, the shadow 31 is formed on the step-like boundary by the illumination 31, so that the density difference at the step-like boundary is clarified, and the measurement accuracy can be improved.

By making the shadow 32 linear, the position of the step-like boundary can be made clearer, and the measurement accuracy can be further improved.

Even if the shadow 32 is planar, the shadow 3
By measuring the width dimension of 2 in advance and correcting this, the measurement accuracy can be further improved.

Since there is a procedure for optimizing the binarization level for image processing, image processing is performed using the optimal binarization level (optimal threshold), and there is color unevenness (discoloration) and the like. High dimensional measurement accuracy can be secured for the plate-like body 1 as well.

The image processing is performed by capturing the rectangular portion 34 having one side as the measurement site. Even if there is a defect at a part of the edge of the measurement site, the presence of the defect 35 is diluted to remove the defect. The detection of the local abnormal size corresponding to the portion 35 is prevented. Therefore, even if there is a missing portion 35,
The dimensions of the plate-like body 1 can be stably and accurately measured.

Two imaging positions (p₁ , P_Two Each)
In the image of the imaging device 13 arranged in the
Two reference points (s) separated (L)₁ , S_Two )
The gauge point position (i₁ , I_Two ) And each
The position (r) of each measurement site in the image of the imaging device 13
₁ , R_Two ) Is calculated, and the position (r₁ , R
_Two ) Is the gauge point position (i₁ , I_Two ) To the distance (x
₁ , X_Two ) Is calculated and L + x₁ + X_Two The two measurement sites
It can be calculated as the dimension between them. Thereby, the imaging device 13
The size of the long plate-like body 1 over the range beyond the visual field of
And can be measured with high accuracy.

[0069]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to measure the dimensions of a plate-like body in a short time and with high accuracy.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a dimension measuring system.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a plate-shaped body production line.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a control system of the dimension measuring system.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a dimension measurement portion of a plate-like body.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an image processing procedure.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a shadow forming state.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a measurement state of a defective portion.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a method for measuring the dimension of a long body.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing image processing content of a long body.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 plate-like body 13 imaging device 14 image processing device 34 rectangular portion

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. An apparatus for calculating a size of a plate-like body by image processing for calculating a size of a measurement part defined on a plate-like body, comprising: an imaging device for capturing an image including a measurement part of the plate-like body; A threshold value is determined from the density difference of the captured image, the image is binarized, and the number of pixels of a rectangular portion having one side as a measurement site partitioned by the binarization process is measured. Is multiplied by a predetermined area per pixel to calculate the area (A) of the rectangular portion, and the area (A) is determined in advance in a direction orthogonal to the measurement site of the rectangular portion. An image processing apparatus for calculating the dimension (X) of the measurement site by dividing the length (Y) of a given side by a predetermined side (Y).