JP2714202B2 - Electric hoist - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electric hoist, and more particularly, to switching between hoisting and lowering in an electric hoist and controlling hoisting and lowering speed. It relates to an operating device to be controlled.

[Conventional technology]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in general, a hoisting / lowering switching operation in an electric hoist such as an electric chain block is performed by a so-called pendant switch.

That is, the switching operation of the hoisting / unwinding is performed by a push button switch suspended via a cable below the main body of the hoisting machine, and in the case of hoisting operation, by pressing the upper command button of the push button switch, In the case of the lowering operation, the electromagnetic contactor is controlled by operating the lower command button to change the rotation direction of the electric motor.

On the other hand, the control of the hoisting / lowering speed in the electric hoist
Like the above-described hoisting / unwinding switching operation, a pendant switch system is adopted, by operating a push-up operation unit of a hoisting / unwinding operation command push button and a speed designation operating unit including a potentiometer, A signal is sent to a voltage controller built in the main body of the hoist to change the applied voltage to the electric motor, thereby variably controlling the number of revolutions.

Here, the general configuration of an electric hoist conventionally generally used is described in the 16th embodiment, taking an electric chain block as an example.
Referring to the figure, in FIG.
Electric motor for unwinding, 2 is an electrical component storage section that stores various electrical components, 3 is an upper hook that suspends the electric chain block on the ceiling structure, 4 is a cable, 5 is a chain, and 6 is a lower hook that suspends the load. , 7 denotes a hanging tool which engages with the chain 5, 8 denotes an operation unit attached to the tip of the cable 4, and a luggage 9 hooked on the lower hook 6 by operation of the operation unit 8 at hand.
Up and down.

However, in the case of the electric hoist generally conventionally used as described above, the operation unit 8 is attached to the distal end of the cable 4 away from the lower hook 6 and the baggage 9 as shown in FIG. During the so-called slinging operation for attaching the luggage 9 to the lower hook 6, the ball net made of wire or the like wound around the luggage 9 and the lower hook 6 is temporarily fixed, and the operating section push button is pressed so that the ball net does not come off there. Only when the jogging operation is performed and the luggage 9 is completely attached to the lower hook 6,
The driving operation by the push button is performed.

However, in the slinging operation described above, one hand must support the baggage 9 and the other hand has to support the lower hook 6, so that the above-described two-step procedure must be performed. The electric hoist of the type shown in the figure has a short moving distance and frequently transships loads, and is not suitable as a hoist for a product assembly line, for example.

Further, in addition to the above, in the case of the electric hoist that performs speed control, a speed designation operation is further added to the above-described two-step procedure, and the operation becomes very complicated.

Under these circumstances, in recent years, in factories and the like, as one of the improvements in working conditions, strict restrictions have been imposed on the weight of luggage carried by hand, and luggage having a predetermined weight or more is manually carried. It's changing so that it doesn't.

As an electric hoist that meets the above-mentioned improvement in working conditions, in other words, an electric hoist that is short in moving distance and frequently transshipped with luggage, is convenient for use in product assembly lines and the like. A hoist described in JP-A-64-69498 has been previously proposed.

That is, the electric hoist described in JP-A-64-69498 is located between the end of the hoisting / lowering chain and the hook for suspending the load, and the operating part of the hoist is integrally formed. According to this configuration, according to this configuration, the hoisting machine operation unit and the load suspending hook are integrally attached, so that the lugging operation for attaching the load to the hook and the operation of the hoisting machine operation unit are performed. The operation can be performed in the same place, and therefore, there is an advantage that the operator can handle the cargo without having to take extra steps in the same sense as lifting a heavy object by himself.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

The prior art relating to the handling of the load of the electric hoist is as described above. However, conventionally, a potentiometer is generally used for speed control of the electric hoist.

However, the amount of change in the resistance value of the potentiometer is linear, and even when it is desired to suddenly change from a low speed to a high speed or from a high speed to a low speed, the speed is steplessly controlled. Not only the response is poor, but also as described above, the change in the resistance value of the potentiometer is linear, so if this is incorporated in an actual machine, the change in the resistance value and, consequently, the change in speed allowed for the hoisting machine. The amount is also limited, so the speed on the high-speed side is suppressed,
The work efficiency is affected, and if this point is improved, the work efficiency of the electric hoist used in a product assembly line or the like in which transshipment of luggage is frequently performed can be improved.

In the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-69498, speed switching from low speed to high speed or from high speed to low speed is performed stepwise using a switching switch, and in a low speed region and a high speed region, a potentiometer is used. A technique for fine-tuning the speed is disclosed.

However, according to the speed control technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-69498, a potentiometer is used in the low-speed region and the high-speed region, similarly to the conventional electric hoist described above. Since the amount of change in the resistance value is linear, regarding the range of use of the potentiometer,
As always, the amount of change in speed allowed for the hoisting machine is limited, and the speed on the high-speed side is correspondingly suppressed, which inevitably affects work efficiency.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the working conditions in a factory or the like where the working conditions have changed in recent years. Even if it has been changed so that it must not be carried by hand,
An electric hoist that meets the improvement of working conditions as described above,
In other words, in connection with the electric hoisting machine which is convenient for use in a product assembly line where the moving distance is short and the load is frequently transshipped, etc. The operation can be performed in the same place, so that the operator can handle the cargo as if lifting a heavy object by himself without any extra steps, and also from low speed to high speed, or Even in the case of a sudden change from a high speed to a low speed, the speed change does not take much time, the response is good, and the speed change allowed for the hoist is made larger than before so that Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric hoist having high working efficiency and capable of increasing the speed on the high-speed side as compared with the related art.

[Means for solving the problem]

The object is to provide a hoisting / unwinding operation unit for operating a hoisting / unwinding operation integrally with a hoisting tool engaged between a tip of a hoisting / lowering chain and a load suspending hook. In the electric hoist in which the number of revolutions is varied by controlling the voltage of the electric motor and the hoisting / unwinding speed is varied, the electric hoist is moved to the operation unit provided integrally with the hanger in accordance with the operation displacement amount. And a plurality of switches sequentially operated by the movement of the permanent magnet are arranged, a resistor is connected to each of the plurality of switches, and a resistance value of the plurality of resistors is: The hoisting / unwinding speed of the hoisting machine changes stepwise from low speed to high speed, and the plurality of resistances become more adjacent as the hoisting / unwinding speed of the hoisting machine goes from low speed to high speed. Achieved by adopting an array structure in which the change in resistance between That.

[Action]

Thus, according to the present invention having the above configuration,
An operation unit for operating the hoisting / unwinding operation is integrally provided on the hoisting tool engaged between the tip of the chain for hoisting and the hook for load suspension, and the operating unit controls the voltage of the electric motor. Because it changes the number of revolutions and the hoisting / unwinding speed,
In recent years, when working conditions have changed, that is, as one of the improvements in working conditions in factories, etc., strict restrictions have been imposed on the weight of luggage carried by hand, and luggage exceeding a specified weight is carried by hand. Even if it has changed so as not to allow it to be used, it can be used for electric hoisting machines that match the improvement of working conditions as described above, in other words, product assembly lines that have a short moving distance and a lot of transshipment of luggage etc. In connection with a convenient electric hoist, the slinging work of attaching the load to the load suspending hook and the operation of the hoist operating unit can be performed in the same place, and therefore, the operator himself / herself can operate the hoisting machine. It can be handled without taking extra steps as if lifting a heavy object,
Moreover, according to the present invention, even when the speed is suddenly changed from a low speed to a high speed or from a high speed to a low speed, the shift is performed by a permanent magnet that moves in accordance with the operation displacement amount of the hoist operating unit, This is performed by a plurality of switches sequentially operated by the movement of the permanent magnet and a plurality of resistors respectively connected to the switches. In the present invention, in particular, in the present invention, the resistance values of the plurality of resistors are Since the hoisting / unwinding speed of the hoisting machine changes stepwise from low speed to high speed, the conventional method using a potentiometer,
That is, the resistance value change is linear, the speed conversion from low speed to high speed, or from high speed to low speed takes a long time due to stepless control, and it takes less time to change the speed compared to the conventional system with poor response, In addition, according to the present invention, according to the present invention, as described above, the resistance values of the plurality of resistors
Since the hoisting speed changes stepwise from low speed to high speed, the speed change allowed for the hoisting machine is equivalent to that stage, and a potentiometer whose speed change is linear is used. Larger than before, and that much,
According to the present invention, the speed on the high-speed side can be made higher than before, and the plurality of resistances increase between adjacent resistances as the hoisting / lowering speed of the hoisting machine increases from low to high. Is increased, in other words, the resistance change between the adjacent resistors on the low speed side is reduced, so that the speed can be finely adjusted in the low speed region.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, a case where the present invention is applied to an electric chain block will be described as an example based on one embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 8. FIG. 1 is an electric circuit diagram, and FIG. 2 is FIG. External view of chain block incorporating electric circuit shown, 3rd
FIG. 2 is a right side view of the operation unit shown by reference numeral 8 in FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is an internal structure explanatory view showing the operation unit 8 shown in FIG.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of the internal structure of FIG. 4 viewed from the right side, and FIG.
5 is a diagram illustrating the operation of FIG. 5, FIG. 7 is a detailed diagram of the switch substrate indicated by reference numeral 11 in FIG. 4, and FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the operation of FIG.

In FIG. 2, 1 is a motor for hoisting and lowering, 2 is an electrical component storage section for storing various electrical components, 3 is an upper hook for hanging an electric chain block on a ceiling structure, and 4 is a spiral winding. 5 is a chain, 5 is a chain, 6 is a lower hook for suspending a load, 7 is a hanger to be engaged with the chain 5, 8 is an operation unit integrated with the hanger 7, and the operation unit 8 is operated by hand.
The luggage 9 hooked on the lower hook 6 is raised and lowered.

Next, the operation unit 8 will be described in detail. The external appearance is as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and the internal configuration of the operation unit 8 is as shown in FIGS.

As shown in FIG. 4, the hanging member 7 includes a hanging member (A) 7-1 and a hanging member (B) 7- made of a rigid steel material.
The upper part has a support groove for engaging the tip of the chain 5, and is provided between the hanging member (A) 7-1 and the hanging member (B) 7-2. The hanging tool 7 is engaged with the chain 5 by fastening the chain 5 with bolts.
The operation unit 8 is fixed to the hanging member (B) 7-2 by bolting.

In the operation section 8, a switch board 11 on which a lead switch 9 and a resistor 10 are mounted is fixed by screws 12, and a grip shaft 13 is fixed to a case 14 by nut fastening. An operation knob 15 is rotatably engaged via a bush 16.

On the switch board 11 side of the operation knob 15, a magnet support plate 18 to which permanent magnets 17 are attached at a predetermined interval is arranged so as to follow a plurality of arranged lead switches 9. The plate 18 is integrated with the operation knob 13 by riveting, and the reed switch 9 and the permanent magnet 17
The gap therebetween is maintained by positioning the magnet support plate 18 integrated with the operation knob 13 via the C ring 19.

The operation knob 13 is located at a position where the middle of the two permanent magnets 17 provided at two places on the magnet support plate 18 is a neutral axis, and the door spring 20 and the projection (A) 14-1 of the case 14, the magnet support plate 18 projections 18−
1 is supported.

The signal of the switch board 11 is connected to a cable 4 connected via a cable armor 21 supported by the case 14.
Is transmitted to the control unit of the electrical component storage unit 2 on the electric block main body side.

Then, the operation unit 8 containing each component as described above.
Are integrated by screwing the case 14 and the cover 22 together.

The lower hook 6 for suspending the load is connected to the hanging member (A) 7-1 and the hanging member (B) 7- via the ball bearing 23.
2 and is engaged with the hanger 7 like the chain 5 in this manner.

In the above configuration, when the grip 13 is supported in the palm of the hand, and the operation knob 13 supported at the neutral position by the door spring 20 is rotated against the returning force of the door spring 20 (FIG. 6), By the approach of the permanent magnet 17, the leading reed switch 9 is operated, and by continuing the operation, the reed switches 9 arranged in large numbers are sequentially activated, and the operation is released (the hand is removed from the operation knob 13). ) And a permanent magnet
17 returns to the original neutral position (FIG. 5), and the lead switch 9
Is also released. The maximum rotation angle of the permanent magnet 17 is regulated by interference between the projection 18-1 of the magnet support plate 18 and the projection (B) 14-2 of the case 14.

The reed switch 9 is divided into left and right parts at the middle of the arrangement, one of which is used for the hoisting direction command of the hoisting machine, the other is used for the hoisting direction command, and the permanent magnet 17 is also used in such a way.
The reed switch 9 is configured to be sequentially operated by the permanent magnets 17 which are divided into individual pieces and approached from the right end or the left end, respectively.

The electrical wiring of the operation unit 8 configured as described above is as shown in FIG.

That is, the voltage applied to the electric motor 1 is performed by the switching operation of the voltage control unit 30. That is, a plurality of resistors 10 (10) connected to the lead switch 9 in the operation unit 8
-1 to 10-5 or 10-1 'to 10-5'), the magnitude of the applied voltage is varied according to the resistance value, and the number of revolutions of the motor 1 is controlled by voltage control of the motor 1. In the rotation of 1, the operation of the reed switch 9 excites the relay coil “up” 24 or the relay coil “down” 25 to operate, and the relay contacts 24-1 and 24-2 or the relay contacts 25-1 and 25-2. Start only when is closed.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the reed switch 9 operates sequentially from 9-1 (or 9-1 ') to 9-6 (or 9-6'). (Or 9-1 '), as described above, forms an energizing circuit of the electric motor 1 after switching the winding (or lowering) direction, and 9-2 (or 9-2') 9-3 (or 9-3 ') to 9-3 for selecting and forming a lead switch 9 circuit for winding up (or for winding down).
-6 (or 9-6 ') is for sequentially reducing the resistance value. In this embodiment, five types of resistance values can be selected. However, it is possible to select many types of resistance values by increasing or decreasing the number of the lead switches 9 and the resistances 10. In addition to the control of the rotational speed in five stages, the number of divisions can be freely selected according to the application.

Then, by arranging the plurality of resistors 10 in such an arrangement that the value thereof sequentially decreases in opposition to the return force of the door spring 20, the rotational speed of the electric motor 1 increases as the rotating operation of the operation knob 13 proceeds. The operation knob 13 has the same amount of displacement by selecting and arranging a plurality of resistors 10 having a small resistance value at the beginning and gradually becoming a rough resistance value. However, in the low-speed range, fine speed control is performed, and in the high-speed range, rough speed control is performed. Therefore, according to this resistance value array, after accurate positioning at low speed, effective control for efficient high-speed transport at a stroke. Becomes

If the mounting position of the switch unit in the operation unit 8 is set to an upper portion having a space below in a state where the hoist is used, even if rainwater enters the operation unit 8, the rainwater can be removed. It can be guided to the lower space side and is safe.

FIG. 9 is a detailed view of a switch board 11 for an electric chain block showing a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of FIG.

That is, in the embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10,
One permanent magnet 17 is provided, and the one permanent magnet 17 provided at the neutral position is connected to two lead switches 9 according to the rotation direction.
According to this configuration, the number of the permanent magnets 17 can be reduced by half.

FIG. 11 is a wiring diagram of an electric chain block showing a third embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 12 is a detailed view of a switch board 11 according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 11, and FIG. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of FIG.

That is, in the embodiment shown in FIGS.
Illustrating a case where the group of 17 is miniaturized, as shown in FIG. 11, micro switches 26 and 27 are used as switches for exciting the relay coils 24 and 25, and According to the configuration, the group of the permanent magnets 17 can be downsized.

FIG. 14 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 3 of an electric chain operation unit 8 showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of the internal structure of the operation unit 8 shown in FIG. .

That is, in the embodiment of FIGS. 14 and 15,
By pushing in operating pins (A) 27 and (B) 28 for hoisting and lowering provided on the left and right, respectively, as the operating mechanism of the operating knob 13, the reed switch 9 is moved by the linear movement of the permanent magnet 17. The case where it was made to operate was illustrated.

〔The invention's effect〕

The present invention is as described above, and as is apparent from the description of the illustrated embodiment, according to the present invention, the hook is engaged between the tip of the hoisting / unwinding chain and the hook for load suspension. An operation unit for operating the hoisting / unwinding operation is provided integrally with the lifting device, and the number of rotations is varied by controlling the voltage of the electric motor with the operation unit.
Since the hoisting / unwinding speed is variable, when the working conditions have changed in recent years, that is, as one of the improvement of the working conditions in factories, etc., the weight of the luggage carried by hand is severe. Restrictions are added, and even if it is changed so that luggage with a predetermined weight or more must not be carried by hand, the electric hoist that meets the improvement of working conditions as described above, in other words, the moving distance is short In addition, in connection with the electric hoisting machine, which is convenient for use in product assembly lines and the like where the transshipment of goods is frequent, the slinging work to attach the load to the hook for load suspension and the operation of the hoisting machine operation part are performed in the same place. Therefore, the operator can carry the cargo without having to take any extra steps as if lifting a heavy object by himself. Even when suddenly changing from high speed to high speed or low speed to high speed, the speed change is performed sequentially by the permanent magnet that moves in accordance with the operation displacement amount of the hoist operating unit and the movement of the permanent magnet. The operation is performed by a plurality of operating switches and a plurality of resistors respectively connected to the switches. In the present invention, in particular, in the present invention, the resistance values of the plurality of resistors are determined by a hoist of a hoist. Since the unwinding speed changes stepwise from low speed to high speed, the conventional method using a potentiometer, that is, linear change in resistance value, speed conversion from low speed to high speed, or high speed to low speed The stepless control takes a long time, and the shift takes less time and the responsiveness is better than the conventional one with poor responsiveness. In addition, according to the present invention, as described above, a plurality of resistors are provided. The resistance value of the winding Since the hoisting and lowering speed of the hoisting machine changes stepwise from low speed to high speed, the speed change allowed by the hoisting machine by the amount corresponding to that stage is calculated as the potential change at which the speed change is linear. It is possible to increase the speed on the high-speed side as compared with the conventional case using a yoometer, and according to the present invention, the plurality of resistors are connected to a winding machine of a hoist. Since the change in resistance between adjacent resistors is increased as the upper and lower speeds increase from low to high, in other words, the change in resistance between adjacent resistors on the low speed side is reduced. Adjustments can be made.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 to 8 show an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to an electric chain block. FIG. 1 is an electric circuit diagram thereof, and FIG. 2 is a chain block incorporating the electric circuit shown in FIG. , FIG. 3 is a right side view of the operation unit shown by reference numeral 8 in FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is an enlarged internal structure explanatory view showing the operation unit 8 shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the internal structure as viewed from the right side, FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of the operation of FIG. 5, FIG. 7 is a detailed view of a switch substrate indicated by reference numeral 11 in FIG. 4, and FIG. FIG. 9 is an operation explanatory view of the drawing, and FIG. 9 is a detailed view of a switch substrate 11 for an electric chain block showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the operation of FIG. 9, FIG. 11 is a wiring diagram of an electric chain block showing a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 3 is a detailed view of a switch substrate 11 according to a third embodiment shown in FIG.
13 is an explanatory view of the operation of FIG. 12, FIG. 14 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 3 of the electric chain operation unit 8 showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 15 is an operation unit shown in FIG. FIG. 16 is an explanatory view of the internal structure of the electric chain block 8 as viewed from the right side. FIG. 1 ... Electric motor, 2 ... Electrical equipment storage section, 3 ... Top hook,
4 ... cable, 5 ... chain, 6 ... lower hook, 7 ...
... Hanging tool, 8 ... Operation unit, 9 ... Lead switch, 10 ...
Resistance, 11 Switch board, 17 Permanent magnet, 24 Relay coil "up", 24-1, 24-2 Contact, 25 Relay coil "down", 25-1, 25-2 ... Contacts, 30 ... Voltage control unit, 31 ... Rectifier, 32 ... Power supply.

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] An operation unit for operating a hoisting / unwinding operation is integrally provided on a suspending tool engaged between a tip of a hoisting / unwinding chain and a hook for suspending a load. In the electric hoist which controls the voltage of the electric motor by the unit and changes the number of rotations thereof, and changes the hoisting / unwinding speed, the operation unit provided integrally with the hanger has a corresponding operation displacement amount. A permanent magnet that moves is arranged, a plurality of switches that operate sequentially by the movement of the permanent magnet are arranged, a resistor is connected to each of the plurality of switches, and the resistance value of the plurality of resistors is The hoisting / unwinding speed of the hoisting machine changes stepwise from low speed to high speed, and the plurality of resistances increase as the hoisting / lowering speed of the hoisting machine goes from low speed to high speed. An electric hoist having an array structure in which a change in resistance between adjacent resistors is increased. 2. The invention as set forth in claim 1, wherein the operation unit provided integrally with the hanging device includes two sets of permanent magnets and a switch unit as a normal rotation / reverse rotation means of the electric motor for controlling the hoisting and lowering. Electric hoist. 3. The invention as set forth in claim 1, wherein the operation unit provided integrally with the hanger serves as a forward / reverse rotation means of the electric motor for hoisting and lowering, and comprises two sets of switch units and the two units.
An electric hoist including one permanent magnet disposed between two sets of switch units and shared by the two sets of switch units. 4. The electric hoist according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of switches once operated by the movement of the permanent magnet release their operations sequentially as the permanent magnet moves away. 5. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein the operating unit provided integrally with the hanging device has a switch unit mounted in the operating unit in an upper position having a lower space when the hoist is in use. Hoist.