JP2713107B2 - Automatic performance device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an automatic performance device for an electronic musical instrument, and more particularly, to an automatic performance device capable of preventing a delay in processing a large amount of performance data.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in an automatic performance apparatus, not only simple performance data (note-on data, note-off data) but also various control data (for example, tone change data, volume change data, pitch change data, etc.) are played. It can be included in the data so that it can be played with high expressive power. These control data are stored in the automatic performance data memory together with timing data indicating the timing at which each control data should be generated. In addition, a plurality of performance data storage tracks are provided, and the performance data stored in the plurality of storage tracks can be reproduced in parallel.

[0003]

In a conventional automatic performance device, data stored in a memory is sequentially read out with the passage of time, and immediately output to a sound source at the time of reading out. If the data is stored, the processing takes a lot of time, and there is a possibility that the sounding timing of the musical sound may be delayed. This problem appears remarkably when control data is concentrated at the same timing (for example, at the beginning of a bar) for a plurality of storage tracks.

[0004]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, according to the present invention, a first type of automatic performance data including note-on data is provided for each of a plurality of storage tracks.
A second type of automatic performance data for controlling an aspect of a tone generated based on the first type of automatic performance data, wherein the second type of automatic performance data is read out; A storage means for storing, as time elapses, the control that becomes effective when the note-on data is read, and a first and a second type of the first and second types stored in a plurality of storage tracks. Reading means for automatically reading out the automatic performance data in parallel with time, and when the first type of automatic performance data is read from each of the plurality of storage tracks, the first type of automatic performance data First output means for immediately outputting the second type of automatic performance data to the sound source when the second type of automatic performance data is read out from each of the plurality of storage tracks. Stores to the buffer without force,
After the second type of automatic performance data is read,
By outputting the second type of automatic performance data stored in the buffer to a sound source until the subsequent note-on data of the corresponding storage track is output by the first output means, Second output means for delaying the output of the two types of automatic performance data.

[0005]

The first type of automatic performance data is output to the sound source immediately when it is read out, but the second type of automatic performance data is not output at the time of readout, but is temporarily stored in a buffer. After being stored, it is output to the sound source until the subsequent note-on data is generated. For example, it is assumed that there are a first storage track and a second storage track, and 10 control data are stored for each storage track at the beginning of a bar. That is, at the beginning of the bar, a total of 20 control data are stored, and these are read out simultaneously. For the first storage track, note-on data is stored at the same timing (that is, at the beginning of the bar) following the ten control data at the beginning of the bar, and for the second storage track, at the beginning of the bar. It is assumed that the note-on data is stored at a timing after a lapse of a predetermined time (for example, a quarter note length) following the ten pieces of control data. At the beginning of the bar, the ten control data and note-on data read from the first storage track are output to the sound source, and the ten control data read from the second storage track are At this point, it is not output to the sound source. On the other hand, the ten pieces of control data read from the second track are thereafter output to the sound source until the note-on data is read when a predetermined time has elapsed. For this reason, the 20 pieces of control data read simultaneously are divided into 10 pieces of control data and 10 pieces of control data, which are output to the sound source at different timings, thereby dispersing the processing.

[0006]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a hardware configuration in the embodiment. The CPU 1 controls the operation of the entire apparatus, and executes processing according to a control program stored in the ROM 2. Further, the CPU 1 and each unit are connected via a bus 3, and various types of data are transmitted and received. In the ROM 2, in addition to the control program, automatic performance data such as an auto base code is stored in advance. RA
M4 is provided with areas such as buffers, registers, and flags for temporarily storing various data generated during processing by the CPU. The timer 5 supplies an interrupt signal to the CPU 1, and generates an interrupt signal at a variable cycle according to the tempo. The generation cycle of the interrupt signal is
For example, a cycle in which a signal is generated 24 times per quarter note, that is, a cycle every 96th note. The CPU 1 executes a reading process of the automatic performance data stored in the ROM 2 according to the generation of the interrupt signal.

The keyboard 6 has a large number (for example, 61) of keys and performance operators such as a pitch bend wheel and a modulation wheel. When operated by a player, a keyboard detection circuit 7 detects the operation. Operation information is output to the CPU 1 via the bus 3. The CPU 1 creates note data such as note-on and note-off based on key operation information, creates tone control data based on operation information such as a pitch bend wheel, and outputs the tone control data to the tone generator circuit 8 via the bus 3. . The tone generator 8 forms a tone waveform signal based on the supplied note data and tone control data. As a method of the sound source circuit,
A well-known waveform memory reading method, an FM method, a physical model simulation method, and the like are used. Further, this tone generator circuit has a plurality of MIDI channels, and can generate musical tones with independent tone colors for each channel.
The tone waveform signal formed in the tone generator 8 is supplied to a sound system 9 to generate a tone. Reference numeral 10 denotes a panel switch, which has a number of switches for designating various functions such as a start / stop instruction for automatic performance and tone color selection. The operation of these switches is detected by the switch detection circuit 11, and the operation information is transmitted to the C via the bus 3.
It is supplied to PU1. The CPU 1 executes various functions according to the supplied switch information. A display circuit 12 displays various data.

FIG. 2 shows the data format of the automatic performance data stored in the ROM 2. The automatic performance data is used for, for example, an auto bass chord performance, and includes performance data of a plurality of tracks (16 tracks in the embodiment) corresponding to a plurality of parts (for example, a chord backing part, a bass part, a drum part, etc.). Each track corresponds to one of the MIDI channels in the sound source, and it is possible to perform with different timbres for each track. MIDI different for all 16 tracks
The tone of all the tracks may be made different depending on the channel, or a plurality of tracks may be made the same MIDI channel. At the beginning of the automatic performance data of each track, program change data indicating the change of tone, pitch bend data indicating the amount of pitch change of the tone, volume data for controlling the volume of the tone, expression data for controlling the volume of the tone, Modulation data for controlling the modulation amount, panpot data indicating the localization position of the sound image, and tone control data such as reverb depth for controlling the reverb depth are stored. Subsequent to these musical tone control data, automatic performance data according to the lapse of actual time is stored. The automatic performance data is recorded as a set of event data (for example, occurrence of note-on, occurrence of note-off, change of pitch bend value, occurrence of a program change, etc.) indicating a change in state, and the generation timing of the event data. In this case, data is recorded in the order of timing data, and then event data. When a plurality of events occur simultaneously at one timing, event data is recorded continuously. In the present embodiment, the timing data is described as data representing the interval between events.
At the end of the automatic performance data, end data indicating the end of the data is stored. The automatic performance data is, for example, data for two measures. When the end data is read, the performance data for two measures is repeatedly read so as to return to the beginning of the performance data to perform an auto bass chord. Like that. For the sake of simplicity, an example in which the performance data for two measures is repeatedly read out and played is shown, but intro performance data, fill-in performance data, ending performance data, etc., as in a normal auto bass chord performance. Needless to say, it is also possible to memorize the information and switch it according to the progress of the music.

[0009] Such automatic performance data is stored for 16 tracks from track 1 to track 16.
By reading the automatic performance data for 16 tracks substantially in parallel, the performance of a plurality of parts is executed. In the present invention, when the automatic performance data is read out and output to the tone generator circuit 8, event data which is read out and immediately output to the tone generator circuit 8 is separately handled from event data which is not immediately output. . That is, data relating to real-time sound generation, such as note-on, note-off, pitch bend, etc., is read out and output immediately, but program change, panpot, reverb depth, etc., from the next note-on after these are read out The type of data for which the data becomes valid is not output immediately, but is output when the next note-on event occurs. In this way, it takes too much processing time to output a large number of musical tone control data stored at the beginning of each track to the tone generator circuit 8 all at once at the start of performance data reading or at the time of repeated reading. Can be prevented. That is, since the generation timing of the first note-on data is often different for each track, if the tone control data is output at the generation timing of the first note-on data, a large amount of data existing at the head of each track is generated. Tone control data from the tone generator circuit 8
Can be dispersed, and as a result, it is possible to prevent a delay due to a large amount of data being output to the tone generator 8 at one timing. Note that data that requires real-time properties such as pitch bend, volume, and expression should be output to the tone generator circuit 8 at the generation timing, but in the present embodiment, these data are only available at the start of automatic performance. Is not output until the first note-on data is generated. This is because these data are effective tone control data for the tone being generated, and it is meaningless to output these control data before the first note-on occurs.

Next, a flow chart of the processing of the CPU 1 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3 shows the main routine. First, when a power switch (not shown) is turned on, an initialization process in step S1 is executed, and various registers and flags are initialized.
Then, the process proceeds to a step S2 to execute a keyboard process. Here, processing relating to tone generation and silence of musical tones is performed in accordance with operation information of the keyboard 6 output from the keyboard detection circuit 7. Further, during execution of the auto bass chord performance, a predetermined area of the keyboard is designated as a chord designation area, and a chord is determined by a combination of keys depressed in this area and used for designation of a chord of the auto bass chord. .

Next, the process proceeds to step S3, where a panel switch process is performed based on the switch operation information from the switch detection circuit 11. This detailed process will be described later with reference to FIG. Subsequently, the process proceeds to an automatic performance process of step S4, and a process of reading out automatic performance data is performed. Details of this automatic performance processing will be described later with reference to FIGS. Next, other processing such as the display-related processing in step S5 is executed, and the process again proceeds to the keyboard processing in step S2.
To S5 are repeatedly executed.

Next, the details of the panel switch processing in step S3 will be described with reference to FIG. In step S11, it is determined whether or not a start / stop switch (not shown) on the panel switch 10 has been turned on. If the switch has been turned on, the process from step S12 is executed. If not, the process proceeds to step S24. Proceed to execute other switch processing. In step S12, the run flag R
It is determined whether UN is 1 or not. If it is 0, an automatic performance (auto bass chord performance) is started in step S13.
From step S21. If the value is 1, the program proceeds to step S22 to clear the run flag RUN to stop the running automatic performance. Then, the procedure proceeds to step S23, in which all the MIDI channels to which the automatic performance data of the tone generator circuit are allocated. Outputs all note-off data to mute all musical tones being sounded. When the start / stop switch is operated for the first time, since the operation is for starting the automatic performance, the determination in step S12 is NO. Then, the process proceeds to step S13, where the counter i is set to 1. This counter i indicates each track number from 1 to 16. Subsequently, the process proceeds to step S14, where the head data of the track i is read. At first, since the value of the counter i is 1, the data of the track 1 is read. As described above, various tone control data are stored at the beginning of each track, and one of the tone control data is read out in the process of step S14. Next, step S
15 to store the read tone control data in the buffer Bi.
Write to The buffer Bi will be described later in detail, but is a buffer for storing tone control data that does not require real-time processing. Next, step S16
Then, the next data of the track i is read, and it is determined in step S17 whether the data is timing data. As a result, if NO is determined, the process returns to step S
Returning to step 15, the above processing is repeated. In this way, a plurality of tone control data stored at the head of each track is sequentially read out and stored in the buffer Bi. When all the tone control data has been read out, the timing data is stored next. Therefore, the determination in step S17 is YES, and the flow advances to step S18 to store the read out timing data in the time register T.
Store in IMEi. Then, the process proceeds to step S19, where it is determined whether the value of the counter i is 16. If not, the process proceeds to step S20, where the value of the counter i is incremented, and the processes after step S14 are executed again. When the process proceeds to step S14 for the second time, the value of the counter i is incremented to 2 in step S20.
Is read. When these processes are repeated until the value of the counter i becomes 16, that is, until reading of all the tracks from the track 1 to the track 16 is completed, NO is determined in the step S19, and the process proceeds to the step S21 to set the run flag RUN to 1. After setting, the process proceeds to the other switch process in step S24. Upon completion of the process in the step S24, the process returns to the original main routine. Thus, when the start of the automatic performance is instructed by the start / stop switch, the tone control data stored at the head of each track is read out,
The read tone control data is stored in the buffer Bi corresponding to each track. At this point, regardless of the type of the tone control data, the tone control data is stored in the buffer Bi for storing data that is not immediately output.

Next, referring to FIG. 4, a description will be given of a timer interrupt process executed each time an interrupt signal is generated from the timer 5. In step S6, a processing flag indicating that it is time to execute the automatic performance processing in the main routine is set to 1, and the routine returns.
In the main routine, the processing from step S2 to step S5 is repeatedly executed at a high speed, and the automatic performance processing only needs to be executed once every several times, and the processing flag indicates the timing of one time. It is. Since the timer interrupt cycle changes according to the set tempo, the execution frequency of the automatic performance process also changes according to the tempo.

Next, the details of the automatic performance process in step S4 will be described with reference to FIGS. First, in step S31, it is determined whether or not the processing flag is 1, and if it is 1, it means that the automatic performance processing is to be executed, so that the processing proceeds to step S32 and thereafter. If the processing flag is 0, it is not the time to execute the automatic performance processing, and the process returns to the main routine. In step S32, the counter i
Is set to 1 and the process proceeds to step S33. In step S33, it is determined whether or not the value of the time register TIMEi is 0. If not, the process proceeds to step S34 to decrement the value of the time register TIMEi. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S33 that the value of the time register TIMEi is 0, it means that the time indicated by the timing data has elapsed and it is time to read out the event data. Is read. In step S38, it is determined whether the read data is an event belonging to group A or an event belonging to group B. The group A must be output to the tone generator immediately after the event data is read, and the group B is not to be output until the next key-on data is read. For example, events belonging to group A include note-on, note-off, pitch bend, volume, expression, aftertouch, modulation, and the like, and events belonging to group B include program change, panpot, reverb depth, and the like. is there. The event of group A is stored in the buffer Ai in step S39, and the event of group B is stored in the buffer Bi in step S40. Then, the data in the buffer Ai is stored in the subsequent step S47.
Is always output to the tone generator 8. The data in the buffer Bi is output to the tone generator circuit 8 in step S46 only when note-on data exists in the buffer Ai,
It is not output otherwise.

After the processing of steps S39 and S40, the process proceeds to step S41, and the next data of track i is read. In step S42, it is determined whether or not the read data is timing data. If the data is timing data, the flow advances to step S43 to store the timing data in the time register TIMEi, and then to step S35. If it is not the timing data, the process proceeds to step S38 again, and the above processing is repeated. After these processes, the process proceeds to step S35 to determine whether or not the value of the counter i is 16. If the value of the counter i is not 16, the counter i is incremented in step S36, and the process again proceeds to step S33 to return to the next track. Data reading is performed. In this way,
A reading process of the automatic performance data of each track is executed. When it is determined in step S35 that the value of the counter i is 16, the process proceeds to step S44. In addition,
Although omitted in the above description, when the end data is read in the process of step 37, the process returns to the beginning of the track again and the reading is repeated. At this time, since a plurality of musical tone control data is stored at the beginning of the track, this data is read. If the read data and the currently set state are the same, step S39 or step S39 is executed. No event is written in S40. This is because, in the same state, even if new tone control event data is output to the tone generator circuit 8, there is no change, and only the processing time is wasted.

When the data of each of the tracks 1 to 16 is read out and stored in the buffer A or B, a process of outputting the stored data to the tone generator circuit 8 is executed. In step S44, the counter i is set to 1 again.
And proceeds to step S45 to determine whether or not a note-on event exists in the buffer Ai. If there is a note-on event, the flow advances to step S46 to transfer all data stored in the buffer Bi to the tone generator circuit 8.
To the MIDI channel corresponding to track i. After this process, or if the determination is NO in step S45, all data stored in the buffer Ai is output to the MIDI channel of the tone generator circuit 8 corresponding to the track i in step S47. At this time, note-on and note-off event data are pitch-converted according to the chord specified at that time and output to the tone generator 8. In this way, the event of group A is output to the tone generator 8 immediately after being read, and the event of group B is not output until the next note-on event. Subsequently, the process proceeds to step S48 to determine whether or not the value of the counter i is 16, and if not, the value of the counter i is incremented in step S49 and the process again proceeds to step S45. Thus, the event data from track 1 to track 16 is output to the tone generator 8. On the other hand, if the value of the counter i is 16, the process proceeds to step S50, the processing flag is reset, and the process returns to the main routine.

In the embodiment, all the events of group B are output to the tone generator circuit 8 at the next note-on occurrence timing. However, it is determined whether or not there is timing data. It is determined whether the processing amount at this time exceeds a predetermined value. If the processing amount exceeds the predetermined value, the event of group A is output to the tone generator circuit 8 without outputting the event of group B to the tone generator circuit 8 at this timing. Otherwise, a predetermined amount of group B events may be output to the tone generator 8 without waiting for the next note-on event. Group B that has not yet been output when the next note-on event occurs
It is determined whether or not there is an event, and if there is, an event may be output collectively at that time. Further, the type of data included in the automatic performance data is not limited to that of the embodiment. The format of the automatic performance data may be any format. In the embodiment, an example in which the automatic performance data is read in one electronic musical instrument and output to the tone generator circuit has been described.
The data may be output as DI data.
In the embodiment, the automatic performance data is the auto-base chord performance data stored in the ROM in advance. However, the automatic performance data is not limited to the auto-base chord performance, and may be the automatic performance data arbitrarily created by the user.

[0018]

As described above, according to the present invention, when the second type of automatic performance data is read from each of the plurality of storage tracks, the second type of automatic performance data is output to the sound source. The second type of automatic performance data is read out and stored in a buffer.
By outputting the second type of automatic performance data stored in the buffer to the sound source until the subsequent note-on data of the corresponding storage track is output by the output means of (2), Since the output of the type of automatic performance data is delayed, the processing is dispersed even when a large amount of data is simultaneously generated for a plurality of storage tracks, and the delay can be prevented.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a hardware configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a storage format of automatic performance data in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a main routine in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a timer interrupt process according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a panel switch process according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an automatic performance process in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an automatic performance process in the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 CPU, 2 ROM, 4 RAM, 5 timer, 8
... Sound generator circuit, 10 ... Panel switch

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A first type of automatic performance data including note-on data for each of a plurality of storage tracks, and a mode of a musical tone generated based on the first type of automatic performance data. A second type of automatic performance data,
After the second type of automatic performance data has been read out, a storage means for storing, as time elapses, the control which becomes effective when the note-on data is read out, The first and the second stored in the track
Reading means for automatically reading out the first kind of automatic performance data in parallel with the passage of time; and reading out the first kind of automatic performance data from the plurality of storage tracks, respectively. First output means for immediately outputting the automatic performance data to a sound source; and when the second type of automatic performance data is read from each of the plurality of storage tracks, the second type of automatic performance data is output to the sound source. The data is stored in the buffer without being output, and after the second type of automatic performance data is read, the first
By outputting the second type of automatic performance data stored in the buffer to the sound source until the subsequent note-on data of the corresponding storage track is output by the output means of (2), And a second output means for delaying the output of the type of automatic performance data.