JP2684324B2 - Method and apparatus for controlling frost damage - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for controlling frost damage of open-field crops and a device therefor, and more specifically, it is one of agricultural meteorological disasters. Is simply called frost damage). The occurrence of frost damage is a problem that occurs in crops (plants), and raises the temperature of the crop surface by warm air to prevent the formation of frost and frost dew that cause frost damage,
The present invention relates to a method for efficiently controlling frost damage and an apparatus used for the method. The terms crop (plant) are fruit trees, vegetables,
It is used as a product that contains special agricultural products (such as tea trees).

[0002]

Prior to the investigation of the prior art, the inventors of the present application referred to the literature on frost damage. According to Taichi Maki, Yoshinori Suzuki, Fukuya Kamoda, Seiji Hayakawa and Isao Tomari, “Agricultural Meteorological Disasters and Countermeasures”, Yokendo, November 5, 1991, first edition, pages 62-66,
Frost damage is explained as follows.

Under the climatic conditions in which the temperature suddenly drops in spring or autumn and frost is formed, a crop body freezes, and a disaster in which a portion vulnerable to cold freezes and causes physiological damage is called frost damage or frost damage. . Frost damage is classified into initial frost damage and late frost damage depending on the time of occurrence. The initial frost damage refers to the damage caused by low temperature to unharvested ears, fruits and foliage, branches and fruits that do not yet have sufficient resistance to low temperature in the crops in the mature period from autumn to early winter. On the other hand, late frost damage refers to the damage caused by low temperatures on the crops that have started to germinate or sprout from spring to early summer.

In plants with low freezing resistance, leaves and shoots that have become frost-free and below freezing-resistant temperature become oil-immersed after a while after the frost disappears, and turn brown or black and die. When there are overlapping leaves in an outdoor community (short ones), there is a marked death of only leaves and shoots exposed toward the sky on the surface. This is because it was frozen with dew,
It is said that only the so-called frosted area, such as frost directly formed, was damaged. The leaves that were not exposed to the surface although they did not change much in temperature survived because they were able to maintain a supercooled state. It is frost and frozen dew that break this supercooled state.

Frost damage occurs under climatic conditions in which the plant temperature reaches -2 to -3 ° C. This condition occurs during the period of frost damage at night when a mobile high pressure with cold and dry characteristics arrives, and there is no sunshine and radiative cooling becomes stronger.

Next, the wind plays an important role. They include those around plants and the entire air layer. First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the relationship between plant temperature and air temperature at night when frost occurs, and the leaf temperature is lower than the surrounding air temperature. This is because the plant is radiatively cooled,
This is because the air itself rarely cools.
As the boundary layer develops on the leaf surface of the plant and the wind speed weakens, the difference between the leaf temperature and the air temperature increases exponentially. Therefore, the wind blown near the plants reduces the difference and brings the leaf temperature closer to the temperature, resulting in higher temperature. The larger wind blows the warm air in the upper part and the cool air in the lower part of the inversion layer, and brings the warm air closer to the plants.

From the above, even if the amount of effective radiation at night is the same (the same radiation cooling intensity), it is difficult to cool the leaves when the wind is strong, and the degree of temperature reversal becomes small. On the other hand, when the wind is weak, the leaves tend to be cold and the degree of temperature reversal increases.

In addition to meteorological conditions, many factors such as topography, soil physical properties, soil moisture, land cover conditions and their heat insulating properties, and wind properties are involved in cooling cultivated land. There are some terrains that are especially prone to cooling under the climatic conditions where radiant cooling is progressing at night. Generally speaking, it is a lowland area of a basin, a small depression, a mountain side of a bank or a forest that blocks the flow of air across an inclined surface, or a flat area surrounded by windbreaks. In each case, the wind is easily weakened, and the cold air generated is likely to accumulate without escaping to other places. These are called cold air lakes or frost holes.

In the basin and lowlands with high mountains behind it,
Since the slope downflow that enters from the top in the evening becomes a flow that carries cold air, cooling is strengthened in the hours immediately after sunset.
This causes a temperature difference between the high and lowlands of the slope, and when the weather does not change, the temperature difference continues until dawn and cooling proceeds.

As a method for controlling frost damage, (1) air blowing method (2) sprinkling and freezing method (3) coating method (4) combustion method (5) artificial fog method have been proposed and tested.

The air blowing method of the above (1) is intended to increase the air temperature and the leaf temperature by utilizing the ground contact reversal layer of the air temperature during radiative cooling. The method of ventilation is Taichi Maki, Yoshinori Suzuki, Fukuya Kamoda, Seiji Hayakawa, and Isao Tomari, “Agricultural Meteorological Disasters and Countermeasures” published by Yokendo 19
Issued on Nov. 5, 1991, 1st edition, 70 pages or less, and "Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the Japan Society for Agricultural Meteorology 1982" published by the Japanese Society of Agricultural Meteorology
2. Meteorological improvement by blowing air-Prevention of frost and frost damage in tea gardens by blowing method-Eno Aono (Tea Experiment Station), and the method using a frost-prevention fan is actually widespread.

The inventors have found three patent publications that seem to be related by searching the patent documents. In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 54-123447, referring to FIG.
"Trees that can be planted in farm 101 in orchards, mulberry fields, vegetable gardens, etc.
Between the rows of vegetables 102, a duct 104 having a fusible port 103 formed on the peripheral surface is formed so that it can be folded and stored using a synthetic resin material or the like, and it operates at a desired temperature through the duct. By sending hot air of the desired temperature from the controlled furnace 105 to the surroundings of the trees and crops, the heat around the trees and crops is supplied to the atmosphere while suppressing the temperature drop. A method for preventing frost damage to trees and crops in an orchard or the like, which causes fluidity to prevent frost damage, is disclosed.

In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-233730, referring to FIG. 13, "heat is generated in the middle of the duct of an expandable suction pipe 111 connected to an intake port 112 of a movable blower means 114. Means 115 are provided inside, and the air sucked in by the suction pipe and the heat energy generated by the heat generating means are agitated and mixed in the blower means, and the cool air near the ground surface is passed through the jet nozzle connected to the discharge port 113 of the blower means. Method for preventing frost damage, characterized by diffusing and mixing inside, and movable frame
117, a prime mover 116, a blower means 114 driven by this prime mover, a retractable suction pipe 111 connected to a suction port 112 of this blower means, and heat generation provided in the middle of the pipeline of this suction pipe. A means for preventing frost damage, characterized in that a means 115 and a nozzle head 118 communicating with the discharge port 113 of the blower means are mounted therein.

In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-281720, there is shown in FIG.
4, "Warm air generated from a warm air source is temporarily fed by a feed means to a blower tube communicating with the hot air source and with the outside, and the blower tube is rotated by a rotating means. However, a frost prevention method that prevents the sublimation of water vapor by ejecting the fed hot air from the ejection cylinder to the outside and fluidly stirring the atmosphere around the ejection cylinder, and generating hot air that generates warm air Source 121, a feeding means 122 for feeding the warm air generated from the warm air generating source, and a feeding means 122 communicating with the feeding means and communicating with the outside and rotatably supported by the feeding means. Ejection cylinder 123 that ejects warm hot air to the outside
And rotation means for rotating the ejection cylinder to change the ejection direction.
124, and an anti-frost device comprising.

[0015]

Problems to be Solved by the Invention (1) The problems of the air blow method are that the temperature raising effect differs depending on the reversal strength of the temperature, the capacity is poor in depressions and slopes, and noise is generated near private houses. Is.

The sprinkling and icing method of the above (2) requires a large amount of water, so that there is a problem that it is limited to places where water can be secured and attention must be paid to moisture damage.

The above-mentioned coating method (3) has a problem that it is expensive to obtain the coating, and it takes time and effort to cover it with all plants and remove it later.

The problem with the combustion method of the above (4) is that the combustion method alone does not provide sufficient effects, there is a risk of environmental pollution, and labor is required.

The artificial fog method of the above (5) has a problem that it requires a special device to generate fog, and it is only one step in practical use.

The method disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 54-123447 is to dispose a duct between the rows of plants in a field, and it takes time to dispose and remove the duct which is estimated to have a considerable length. There is a problem that it takes time.

In the invention of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-233730, in addition to the problem of the air blowing method of the above (1), a means for moving the frame main body 117 (a tractor in the embodiment) and a man driving it are required. There is a problem you need.

The invention of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-281720 also has the problem described in [0021]. In addition, in the device according to the present invention, the hot air coming out of the combustion tube 125 reaches the ejection tube 123 through the communication tube 128 by the moving blade 126 and the stationary blade 127 and is ejected from the ejection hole 129.
It is understood that the loss of heat energy and the decrease in flow velocity of hot air are unavoidable by passing through this long path. Further, in the device according to the invention, the warm air can be jetted only in the horizontal direction.

Furthermore, there is no description of the material of the outer skin of the device, and it seems that no particular consideration is given to the loss of heat energy. Further, it is understood that, above the geared motor 124 for rotating the ejection cylinder 123, the communication cylinder 128 has an inwardly tapered throttle structure to reduce the air volume. It is understood that the damper 130 is arranged at the front end portion of the ejection pipe 123 so that the air ejection direction can be changed up and down, while the damper 130 reduces the air volume of ejection air and reduces the reaching distance thereof.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to provide a method and apparatus for controlling frost damage, which is reliable, has a wide effect range, has durability, and is economical.

[0025]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The above-mentioned problems are solved by the power source (1
1), 24-hour timer (12), temperature setting means, operation switch, operation section (13) provided with display means, thermo circuit (14) to which thermistor (15) is connected, blower (1)
6) and a method for controlling frost damage of crops by using a direct-fired hot air blower equipped with a combustion control circuit (17), in which a power source (11) is turned on and a 24-hour timer (12) is set to an outside air temperature.
And the start of operation in the evening when hot air needs to be blown
Set the operation stop time in the morning when the outside air temperature rises and warm air does not need to be blown out , and the time to start the operation is
If it is between the operation start time and the operation stop time
"Time judgment" is a YES signal and the operation stop time
"Time judgment" is NO when the time is between
When a signal is output and the "time determination " outputs a YES signal, the operation switch of the operation unit (13) in which the crop ambient temperature (Tlo) for frost damage control is set is turned on. ,
Back to the previous stage of the "time determination" is output to the lever "time determines" the NO signal, detects the current crop ambient temperature (Tl), compares this crop ambient temperature setting temperature (Tlo),
Crop ambient temperature (Tl) is below the set temperature (Tlo) (Tl)
If ≦ Tlo), the signal is sent to the combustion control circuit (17) via the thermo circuit (14) to start combustion, and at the same time, the signal is sent to the blower (16) to start blowing,
If l> Tlo, the process returns to the stage before the crop ambient temperature detection, and the crop ambient temperature (Tl) has reached the set temperature (T
When l> Tlo) is determined, the air blowing and the combustion are stopped,
Then, the process returns to the crop ambient temperature (Tl) detection, and the crop ambient temperature (Tl) is equal to or lower than the set temperature (Tlo) (Tl≤Tlo).
If so, it is solved by providing a method for controlling frost damage, which is characterized by a procedure of returning to the stage before the determination of the set temperature.

The above-mentioned problem is also a thermo circuit in which a power source (11), a 24-hour timer (12), a temperature setting means, an operation switch, an operating section (13) having a display means, and a thermistor (15) are connected.
(14) A blower (16) and a combustion control circuit (17), which is a direct-fired hot air blower connected to a combustion chamber can body (32) having a combustion gas outlet (33) formed above. The burner (31) generates a flame (40) in the combustion chamber can body (32), and blows the outside air into the blower (16).
Is disposed directly below the combustion chamber can body (32), and immediately above the combustion chamber can body (32) is disposed the outlet main body (35) having a warm air outlet (36) formed at one end, The upper part of the chamber can body (32) and the combustion gas outlet (33) project into the outlet body (35),
(32) and the blower (16) are radiant heat-reflecting material outer panels (39)
It is solved by providing a frost damage control device characterized by being surrounded by.

[0027]

In the method of the present invention, in order to maintain the temperature around the crop at a temperature at which frost does not occur, for example, 5 ° C. is set and this temperature is set as the set temperature (Tlo), and the temperature around the crop (T
l) is detected and Tl is compared with Tlo. If Tl ≤ Tlo, the hot air blower starts operation (combustion and air blow), and hot air is blown from the turning hot air outlet to the periphery of the crop to start combustion. Then Tl> Tlo
When this happens, the operation of the warm air blower (combustion and blast) is stopped, so frost damage control of crops can be achieved without wasting energy.

In the warm air machine used in the above method, the blower 16 is arranged immediately below the combustion chamber can body 32 in which flame is generated, and the combustion gas outlet 33 is provided above the combustion chamber can body 32 to form the combustion chamber. The upper portion of the can body 32 and the combustion gas outlet 33 project into the blower outlet body 35 directly above, and the outside air 41 sucked by the blower 16 rises while being heated around the combustion chamber canister 32 and blows out the blower outlet body 35.
The combustion gas 42 produced by the flame 40 passes through the combustion gas outlet 33, is agitated by the mixing plate 34, is mixed with the outside air in the outlet main body 35, and is jetted outward from the hot air outlet 36. In this way, the outside air 41 and the combustion gas 42 sucked in by the warm air blower enter the outlet main body 35 after passing a very short distance, and then are directly ejected from the warm air outlet 36 without being disturbed. , The loss of warm air volume and wind speed is minimized. Since the combustion chamber can body 32 is surrounded by the device outer plate 39 having a good radiant heat reflectance, the loss of thermal energy of the flame 40 can be suppressed.

[0029]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. Frost damage occurs under climatic conditions in which the temperature of the plant reaches -2 to -3 ° C, and the damaged plant freezes, causing a portion vulnerable to cold to freeze and die, or cause physiological damage. However, it is known that even plants under the same temperature condition survive in a supercooled state when they are not subjected to frost and freezing dew. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention blows warm air to a plant to increase the surface temperature of the plant, and forcibly flows the atmosphere around the plant, which causes the supercooled state to end and freeze. Prevents frost and freezing dew to effectively control or reduce frost damage.

First, the frost damage control method of the present invention will be described. Figure 1 is a device according to the present invention, i.e. a block diagram of the control mechanism of the direct flame type <br/> fan heater, in the figure, 11 is a power supply, 12 is 24 hours timer, 13 operation unit, 14 Thermo circuit,
Reference numeral 15 is a thermistor, 16 is a blower, 17 is a combustion control circuit, 18 is an electromagnetic pump, 19 is a nozzle, 20 is an igniter, 21 is a burner fan, 22 is a flame detector, and 37 is a swivel motor.

A crop ambient temperature (Tlo, for example, 5 ° C.) for controlling frost damage is set in the operation section 13, and an operating switch and a display means for displaying a combustion state are provided.

The operation time is set by the 24-hour timer 12,
One thermistor 15 is provided to detect the temperature around the crop and is set to a temperature (about 3 to 5 ° C) at which a frost warning is issued.
The only input to the thermo circuit 14 is the crop ambient temperature, which provides operational control. Combustion and ventilation are performed during operation.

Next, the operation of the control mechanism of FIG. 1 will be described with reference to the control flow chart of FIG. 2. The mechanism of FIG. 1 is incorporated in the control panel 38 of the apparatus of FIGS. 3 and 4. When the power source 11 is turned on, the 24-hour timer 12 operates. This
The 24-hour timer 12 causes the outside air temperature to drop and blows warm air.
It becomes necessary to start operation in the evening and the outside temperature rises
Set the operation stop time in the morning when hot air does not need to be blown out .
You. In operation of the warm air blower, referring to FIG.
The time at which the
"Time judgment" is a YES signal when it is up to the stop time
Is output, and the time is from the operation stop time to the operation stop
If the time is up, the NO signal is output for "time determination".
Power. The output of this "time decision" is YES signal
If so, the "driving switch" is turned on, and if a NO signal is output , the process returns to the stage before " time determination " .

In "temperature setting: Tlo", the temperature around the crop for controlling frost damage is set to, for example, 5 ° C. Detect current crop ambient temperature (Tl) and compare it to set temperature. Tl
If it is> Tlo, enter “Blower / Combustion Operation”.

If it is determined that the crop ambient temperature (Tl) has reached the set temperature (Tlo), that is, if Tl> Tlo, the blowing and combustion are stopped, the crop ambient temperature is monitored again, and Tl≤
When I'm Tlo, I'll be back soon.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show a direct-fired hot air blower which is the device of the first and second embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the blower 16 shown in FIG. 1 is designated by the same reference numeral, and 16a is a blower motor. , 31 is a burner, 32 is a combustion chamber can body, 33 is a combustion gas outlet, 34 is a mixing plate,
35 is an outlet body, 36 is a warm air outlet, 37 is an outlet body 36
A turning motor for rotating 0 degree, 38 is a control board, and the control mechanism of FIG. 1 is incorporated in the control board 38. Reference numeral 39 is a stainless steel outer plate, 40 is a flame created by the burner 31, 41 is external air sent by the blower 16 (shown by a white arrow), and 42 is combustion gas (shown by a black arrow). In addition, 43 is a power wheel, 44
Is a power wheel guide groove, 45 is a swivel rail, 46 is a swivel flange, 47 is a spring, and 48c is a roller c. These parts rotate the outlet main body 35 360 degrees. 48a is a roller a, 48b is a roller b, 49 is a wind speed adjusting plate, 50 is a straightening plate, 51 is a main body side flange, 52 is a fan box, 53 is a flexible pipe, 54 is a burner fan, 55 is a burner section, and 56 is a motor. A mount, 57 is an outside air inlet, 58 is a can support, and 59 is a baffle plate.

The blower 16 is arranged below the combustion chamber can body 32. The black arrow indicates the direction of travel of the combustion gas, and the white arrow indicates the direction of travel of the outside air taken in by the blower 16 at the combustion gas outlet.
The combustion gas emitted from 33 is agitated by the mixing plate 34, and the combustion chamber can body
It is mixed with the outside air sucked in the outlet main body 35 above 32. The warm air indicated by the arrow with sand is blown outward from the warm air outlet 36 that turns 360 degrees by the turning motor 37.

In the apparatus shown in FIG. 3, the outside air 41 sucked by the blower 16 and shown by the white arrow rises around the combustion chamber can body 32 and enters the outlet main body 35. Be heated.

On the other hand, the flame 40 generated by the burner 31
Creates combustion gas 42 that is schematically indicated by the black arrow, and combustion gas 42
Is stirred by the mixing plate 34 when exiting the combustion gas outlet 33,
It mixes with the outside air 41 that has been warmed inside the outlet main body 35, and is blown out from the warm air outlet 36. The outlet body 35 is a swing motor
Since it rotates 360 degrees by 37, the temperature of the warm air is adjusted by the wind speed adjusting plate 50, and the hot air is blown out 360 degrees to the outside centering on the illustrated device.

The swivel motor 37, power wheels 43, power wheel guide groove 44, and springs 4 are used to rotate the outlet body 35 by 360 degrees.
7, roller c48c, swivel rail 45, swivel flange 46 are provided.

In the above structure, the hot air passage is provided with a sufficient space between the combustion chamber can body 32 and the device outer plate 39. By doing this, the hot air passage will proceed only in the direction indicated by the white and black arrows, and the air volume will be sufficiently large, in other words, as much air volume as possible within the capacity range of the blower 16 will go out. Is designed.

Further, as can be understood from FIG. 3, the warm air outlet 36 is arranged very close to the combustion chamber can body 32 only by projecting slightly outward from the device, so that the combustion chamber can body 32 is provided. The warm air consisting of the outside air and combustion gas warmed by
Since no wind direction changing plate or the like that reduces the reaching distance is provided at the warm air outlet 36, the loss of air volume and wind speed can be suppressed to an extremely low level.

Since the device outer plate 39 is made of a material having a high radiant heat reflectance, for example, stainless steel having a glossy surface, the radiant heat from the combustion chamber can 32 to the device outer plate 39 is efficiently reflected, so that it is reflected from the outer wall. The heat loss of the hot air is extremely small because it reduces the heat radiation and heats the inhaled air as a result. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a heat shield plate around the combustion chamber can body 32, and the device has a simple and lightweight structure.

In the apparatus of the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 4,
The same parts as those shown in FIG. 3 are designated by the same reference numerals. The combustion chamber can body 32 is vertically longer than that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, and more baffle plates 59 than the device shown in FIG. Since the heat exchange part in which these baffle plates 59 are arranged preheats the low-temperature outside air rising around the combustion chamber can body 32, it reduces the temperature variation of the hot air mixed with the high-temperature combustion gas to generate combustion. The thermal energy of gas can be effectively used. The combustion gas moving in the direction of the black arrow exits from the combustion gas outlet 33, is agitated by the mixing plate 34, is sucked in the outlet main body 35, and is mixed with the warmed outside air to form warm air. The flow of the warm air is adjusted in a certain direction by the flow straightening plate 50 and is blown outward.

The test of the frost damage control effect of the present invention was first conducted in Nara prefecture as follows. 1) Target crop: Tea plant (no shoots have emerged yet) 2) Location: Yadawara-cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture The field is a mountainous plateau located on a gently sloping land (inclination angle about 3 degrees). 3) Period: April 12th to April 15th, 1993 It was measured that the morning frost occurred on April 13th and the temperature dropped to -3.9 ° C. 4) Effect: a. On April 13, the minimum temperature was -3.9 ° C, and the effect was in the range of 10m in diameter. At this time, there was frost in all the fields, and the shade of frost was recognized. b. The lowest temperature on April 14 was -0.8 ℃, and the lowest temperature on April 15 was -0.4 ℃, which was effective in the range of 20 m in diameter. c. In the case of tea trees, frost remained on the crown surface that was not exposed to warm air. 5) Test equipment performance and specifications (Fig. 3) a. Total calorific value: 36,000 Kcal / h b. Warm air outlet air velocity: 12.7m / sec C. Air outlet temperature rise (ΔT): 23.7 ℃ D. Air outlet height: 1100mm (upward), 360 degree swivel type

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the range of the frost damage control effect. In FIG. 5 (a), the left tea stock with the symbols 1 to 10 enclosed by circles and the numbers 11 to 26 enclosed with circles are shown. Schematic plan view of the tea plant on the right with the symbols up to, the same figure (b) is the inclination angle 3.
A schematic cross-sectional view of the tea plant on the left and right at 3 degrees. In the figure, 61 is a frost-prevention fan (not operated during the test), 62 is a 2.0 m high net fence, and 63 is a road. Azimuth is indicated by EWSN,
The part 64 with a dotted line to the left is a pine tree branch, and 65 is the device of FIG. The size of the test site and the height of the tea plant are in meters in the figure.
It is shown in (m).

The part A with a diagonal line to the left is April 1993
On the morning of the 13th (minimum temperature is -3.9 ° C), the area where the effect is applied, the part B with the diagonal line descending to the right (including the part with the diagonal line descending to the left) is the morning of April 14th and the morning of April 15th. This is the range in which

Examination on April 13, 1993 and April 14-4
Fig. 6 (a) shows the temperature and wind speed distribution in the test on March 15th.
They are shown in the diagrams of (b) respectively, and in these diagrams,
The horizontal axis represents the reaching distance [m], and the vertical axis represents the height [m]. The temperature (ΔT) is traced by the solid line and the wind speed is traced by the broken line.
Figure (a) shows the test results on April 13, and Figure (b) shows the results on April 14 and 15.
The test results of the day are shown.

Another test result of the frost damage control effect of the present invention will be described. The test was as follows: Target crop: Plum (young fruit) Location: Nanbukawa Village, Wakayama Prefecture (The field is a gentle slope on the hillside of the eastward slope surrounded by mountains ── Incline angle of about 4 degrees ─) Period: From the end of March 1993 Data in mid-April. 4
I took it on the 16th of the month. (Arrival frost was reported on April 13th, and it was reported that the temperature dropped to approximately -5 ° C.) Test equipment performance and specifications (apparatus in Fig. 4) (a) Total calorific value 30,000 Kcal / h (b) Warm air outlet wind speed 10.8m / sec (c) Outlet temperature (rise) 14.5 ℃ (d) Outlet height (upward) 1,475 mm, 360 degree swivel type (e) Fuel oil Kerosene

A direct-fired warm air machine (total calorific value 30,000 Kcal / h) which is the apparatus of the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 used in the above test.
Has the performance of the blowing hot air temperature (ΔT) and the blowing hot air velocity distribution shown in FIG. 7. In FIG. 7, the horizontal axis represents the reaching distance [m] and the vertical axis represents the height [m]. The hot air outlet
At a height of 1.5 m, the hot air temperature at the outlet (ΔT)
Was 14.5 ° C and the blowing air velocity was 10.8 m / s. The temperature distribution is traced by a solid line and the wind velocity distribution is traced by a broken line. Temperature is 8.5 ℃
(= Suction temperature), so the temperature of the hot air blown out is 8.5 ℃ + 1
At 4.5 ° C = 23 ° C, measurements were made indoors.

FIG. 8 shows a field in which a test was conducted to show the effect of the present invention. FIG. 8 (a) is a plan view and FIG. 8 (b) is a view showing the slope of the field. DH in the double circle mark is the device of the present invention, and the position of the warm air source is indicated by a portion A with a diagonal line to the left.
And B are the frost-damaged parts, the numbers in the circles are the recognition numbers of plum trees, the numbers in the upper brackets near the circles are the distances from the device of the present invention, and the numbers in the lower brackets are The height of the plum tree is shown. The north, south, east, and west directions are indicated by the EWSN, and the upper part of the figure is the mountain with the inclination angle shown in FIG. This field (
The size of Bairin is shown in meters (m) in the figure, and the area is 516.5 m ² (156.6 tsubo).

From the end of March to the middle of April, the results of the test using the device of the present invention received the report that in the morning of April 13, heavy frost was generated and the temperature dropped to about -5 ° C as described above. However, the part A where cold air about 12m northwest from the invention device enters
Therefore, it was judged that the frost damage control effect was good because only a part of the young plum fruit was damaged and part of the young plum fruit was damaged in part B about 14 m northeast.

Almost all plum trees were damaged in the untouched state in the comparative field (not shown) on the same slope and at the same height on the north side without using the device of the present invention. In addition, the area where the farm field in FIG. 8 is located is often subjected to frost damage, and conventionally, a decent harvest can only be obtained once every four years.

In FIG. 9, in order to determine the swirling speed of the air outlet, filter papers are piled up to contain pure water, covered with a food packaging wrap film (raw material, polyvinylidene chloride) to make a model leaf, and a thermocouple is placed inside. In the diagram showing the result of the temperature rise effect test using the one in which is enclosed, the horizontal axis shows the warm air arrival distance, and the vertical axis shows the temperature rise width (ΔT) in ° C. The temperature rise width was the effective value of the measured waveform data. Curves a, b, and c have outlet swirl speeds of 0.7-1 rpm, 0.3-0.
The state when the speed is 4 rpm and 2 rpm is shown. At a high rotation speed of 2 rpm, the temperature rise width decreases at a distance of 10 to 15 m.

FIGS. 10 and 11 are views showing the outer shape of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively, in which (a) is a plan view, (b) is a left side view, and (c) is a front view. In the figure, 71 is a blower suction port, 72 is an operation part, 73 is an oil pipe connection port, and a portion shown by a broken line is an internal power supply connection terminal 74. The size of the device is shown in (mm) in the figure.

The specifications (for 60 Hz area) of this device are as follows. Total calorific value 30,000 Kcal / h (Wakayama-apparatus in Figure 4) 36,000 Kcal / h (Nara-apparatus in Figure 3) Fuel consumption Kerosene 3.7 l / h (Wakayama-apparatus in Figure 4) Kerosene 4.4 l / h (Nara − Device of Figure 3) Blown temperature (ΔT) 14.5 ℃ (Wakayama − Device of FIG. 4) 23.7 ℃ (Nara − Device of FIG. 3) Power supply AC 200V Three-phase power consumption 970 W Operating current 3.7 A Burner Gun type burner Blower Propeller fan (diameter 600 mm) Control method ON-OFF automatic control Thermostat Thermistor type 0 to 35 ° C variable Hot air outlet Elbow blowout type with swivel / swing function

[0057]

As described above, according to the present invention, the ambient temperature of a crop is constantly detected from the evening when frost damage occurs to the end of the day when the crop is frost damaged, and the temperature is controlled to prevent frost damage. For example, compared to a set temperature of 5 ° C., the warm air blower is operated only when the ambient temperature of the crop is below the set temperature, so energy waste is suppressed and the optimum hot air is supplied to the crop. It The apparatus of the present invention has a hot air blower and a blower respectively arranged directly above and below the combustion chamber can body, and the sucked outside air rises while being heated by the combustion chamber can body and enters the hot air blower outlet as it is, and the combustion gas Is struck from the combustion gas outlet of the combustion chamber can body to the mixing plate arranged above and stirred and enters the hot air outlet, but since both the outside air and the combustion gas reach the warm air outlet through the shortest distance, thermal energy, The loss of air volume and wind speed can be kept extremely low.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a device control mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a control flowchart of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a range of a frost damage controlling effect of the present invention.
(a) is a schematic plan view of the tea strain, and (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the tea strain.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a hot air temperature and a hot air velocity distribution in the test of the example of FIG. 3, in which FIG.
A diagram showing the test results on the 13th, the same figure (b) is April 14th of the same year.
It is a diagram which shows the test result on 15th.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing blown hot air temperature and blown hot air velocity distribution in the test of the example of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a diagram of a field in which the effect test of the present invention was carried out, and FIG.
(a) is a plan view and (b) is a view showing the slope of the field.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a result of a temperature rise test conducted by the present inventors.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the outer shape of the first embodiment of the present invention.
(a) is a plan view, (b) is a left side view, and (c) is a front view.

FIG. 11 is a view showing the outer shape of the second embodiment of the present invention.
(a) is a plan view, (b) is a left side view, and (c) is a front view.

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a conventional example, FIG. 12 (a) is a plan view,
(b) is a perspective view, (c) is a sectional view, and (d) is a sectional view.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of another conventional example.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of still another conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Power supply 12 24-hour timer 13 Operation part 14 Thermo circuit 15 Thermistor 16 Blower 16a Blower motor 17 Combustion control circuit 18 Electromagnetic pump 19 Nozzle 20 Igniter 21 Burner fan 22 Flame detector 31 Burner 32 Combustion chamber can 33 Combustion gas outlet 34 Mix Plate 35 Air outlet body 36 Hot air outlet 37 Swing motor 38 Control panel 39 Device outer plate 40 Flame 41 Outside air 42 Combustion gas 43 Power wheel 44 Power wheel guide groove 45 Swivel rail 46 Swivel flange 47 Spring 48a Roller a 48b Roller b 48c Roller c 49 Wind speed adjusting plate 50 Rectifier plate 51 Main body side flange 52 Fan box 53 Flexible pipe 54 Burner fan 55 Burner section 56 Motor stand 57 Outside air intake 58 Can supporter 59 Baffle plate 61 Anti-frost fan 62 Mesh fence 63 Passage 64 Matsuki Branch 65 Testing machine 71 Blower suction port 72 Operation part 73 Oil piping 74 Power supply connection terminal 101 Field 102 Green tea 103 Fume vent 104 Duct 105 Fire 111 Suction pipe 112 Suction port 113 Discharge port 114 Blower means 115 Heat generating means 116 Motor 117 Frame 118 Jet head 121 Hot air source 122 Feeding means 123 Jet cylinder 124 Rotating means 125 Combustion tube 126 Moving blade 127 Stator blade 128 Communicating tube 129 Jet Hole 130 damper

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Yuchi Takahashi 411 Kamikosawa, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa Nepon Corporation Atsugi Plant (72) Inventor Nosumi Aoki 6-7-8, Nishinakajima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Osaka (56) References JP-A-5-316886 (JP, A) JP-A-7-177827 (JP, A) JP-A-63-52823 (JP, A) JP-B-53-27175 ( JP, B2) Jitsuko Sho 40-23548 (JP, Y1)

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A power supply (11), a 24-hour timer (1
2), a temperature setting means, an operation switch (13), an operating section (13) having a display means, a thermo circuit (14) to which the thermistor (15) is connected, a blower (16) and a combustion control circuit (17). This is a method of controlling the frost damage of crops using a wind blower, in which the power supply (11) is turned on and the 24-hour timer (12) is turned off.
Try to start the operation by setting the operation start time in the evening when the temperature drops and warm air needs to be blown out , and the operation stop time in the morning when warm air blows out when the outside air temperature rises Whether the time is the operation start time
"Time judgment" is YES if the time is between the operation stop time and
Signal, from the above stop time to the start time
When located between the "time determination" outputs a NO signal, the "time determination" operation unit crops ambient temperature (Tlo) is set for the frost damage control if Re to output YES signal (13 ) Turn on the operation switch, and perform the "time determination "
There returns to the previous stage of the lever "time determination" to output the NO signal, detects the current crop ambient temperature (Tl), compares this crop ambient temperature and the set temperature (Tlo), crop ambient temperature (Tl ) Is less than or equal to the set temperature (Tlo) (Tl
If ≦ Tlo), the signal is sent to the combustion control circuit (17) via the thermo circuit (14) to start combustion, and at the same time, the signal is sent to the blower (16) to start blowing,
If l> Tlo, the process returns to the stage before the detection of the crop ambient temperature, and the crop ambient temperature (Tl) has reached the set temperature (Tl>
When the Tlo) is determined, the blowing and the combustion are stopped, and then the crop ambient temperature (Tl) is detected again. If the crop ambient temperature (Tl) is equal to or lower than the set temperature (Tlo) (Tl ≦ Tlo), the set temperature is determined. A method for controlling frost damage, characterized by the procedure of returning to the stage before. 2. A power source (11), a 24-hour timer (12), a temperature setting means, an operation switch, an operating section (13) equipped with a display means, a thermo circuit (14) to which a thermistor (15) is connected, and a blower. (16)
And a combustion control circuit (17), the burner (31) connected to the combustion chamber can body (32) having the combustion gas outlet (33) formed above the combustion chamber can body (32 The blower (16) that generates a flame (40) inside and draws in the outside air is arranged immediately below the combustion chamber can body (32), and the hot air outlet is at one end immediately above the combustion chamber can body (32). An outlet body (35) having (36) formed therein is arranged, and the upper portion of the combustion chamber can body (32) and the combustion gas outlet (33) project into the outlet body (35) to form a combustion chamber can body (35). 32) is a frost damage prevention device characterized in that it is surrounded by a device outer plate (39) made of a radiant heat reflective material. 3. The frost damage control device according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of baffle plates (59) are arranged in an upper portion inside the combustion chamber can body (32).