JP2672138B2 - A low-cholesterol diet containing sugar cane soft tissue cell walls - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for feeding a nonhuman animal, in particular a monogastric animal, so as to reduce the cholesterol content, and a food used for this method.

Prior Art Certain complex carbohydrates from certain types of plants have the ability to reduce blood cholesterol and / or body fat in animals, including birds and mammals. The above complex carbohydrate has recently been obtained from oat bran and is
La husks) are known to be present in large amounts. Animal foods are prepared containing the above-described plants in which complex carbohydrates are derived, which are further used as part of animal foods to reduce the cholesterol and / or body fat content of the animals.

Known plant-sourced complex carbohydrates that have been found to reduce animal cholesterol and / or body fat levels are relatively rare in such plants, and the complex carbohydrates are present in small amounts in the food. Because it does not, it is relatively expensive and difficult to obtain.
The present inventors have found that sugarcane plants (Saccharum officinarium (Saccharum off-icinarum))
It has been determined to contain ingredients, possibly complex carbohydrates, that can be consumed in effective amounts to reduce cholesterol and / or body fat in non-human animals.

The area above the ground that supports the stems or leaves and flowers of the sugar cane. This part has a cylindrical shape and a joint (joint
s). Each sugar cane seam includes a nodule and an elongated, cylindrical internodal portion. The internodal swelling contains the outer skin made up of several layers of ligneous thickened tissue and the inner marrow made up of a bundle of vascular thickened tissue cells and a basic tissue containing parenchyma cells, which Are storage cells that contain most of the plant juices,
Sugar is recovered from this.

In the present invention, surprisingly, when sugar cane parenchyma cell wall portions are fed to non-human animals, especially monogastric animals, they have lower cholesterol levels and lower body fat levels than animals fed a normal diet. It has been found that animals can be obtained.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTIONThe invention comprises the step of including in a diet of a non-human animal an effective amount of a soft tissue cell wall of sugar cane, preferably a soft tissue cell wall substantially free of fibrous thickening tissue cells.
Methods for reducing cholesterol and / or body fat meal content in non-human animals, particularly non-human monogastric animals, are included.

As used here, "parenchyma cel
l) ”means fresh parenchyma cell wall, dried parenchyma cell wall obtained by releasing fresh parenchyma cells from sugar cane and drying the cells, and dried parcels extracted from dried or bagasse-like dried cane. It means dried parenchyma cells obtained by separating tissue cells or cell wall material. In the very last case, the sugar can be added back to the dried cell wall material such that the sugar content is at least substantially the same as the sugar content of the whole dried parenchyma cells. The soft tissue cell wall material can include cell wall fragments or adherent bundles of soft tissue cells obtained by grinding or pulverizing the soft tissue cells in a fresh or dry state.

In another aspect, the invention provides a non-human animal containing cholesterol and / or body fat containing an effective amount of sugar cane parenchyma cell wall, preferably parenchyma cell wall substantially free of fibrous thickening tissue cells. It is to provide an animal sample that reduces the amount. In the case of livestock, it is preferable to use a feed containing a high proportion, for example 5 to 30% by weight, of soft tissue cell walls.

In yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a food comprising parenchyma cell material from sugar cane that has been finely ground and sieved to remove particles greater than 10 microns.

Animal foods preferably further comprise a balanced nutritional content that is sufficient to meet the dietary requirements of the feeding animal, such nutritional content including vitamins, minerals and protein supplements. Also, in particular,
When fed to anti-animals, it is desirable to add additives such as crude fiber to animal food. In this case, it is preferable to add a certain proportion of the thick film tissue cell material from sugar cane, particularly the thick film tissue cells derived from the canal bundle of sugar cane, to the food.

Next, the present invention will be described based on tests conducted on pigs and chicks. It is understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to feeds for pigs and chicks and can be used to reduce cholesterol levels in other non-human animals, especially birds, and non-human monogastric mammals. Is understood. Pigs are recognized as a good model for human nutrition studies, and the results obtained from studies on pigs can be readily used to assess the usefulness of the invention in humans.

Optimal Method of Carrying Out the Invention The following example is a preferred embodiment of the invention. A substantially fiber-free fraction of sugar cane containing primarily dry parenchyma cells is described in Australian Patent Specification 6172.
Prepared as described in 4/86. This sugar-cane fiber-free fraction is designated hereafter as sucrafeed 1 and contains the dry sugar, which is essentially free of parenchyma cell walls and thick-film tissue cells.

Chemical Analysis The results obtained by the analysis of Scrafeed 1 are shown in the following Tables I, II and III.

Evaluation of Animal Samples-Pig Evaluation of Scrafeed 1 as a dietary (regulated feed) energy source for pigs was performed for two different tests.

First, the digestible energy content of the sugar cane extract was investigated in four pigs (about 30 kg body weight) fed separately.

Secondly, the feed was prepared by incorporating 0.15 or 30% of Scrapie 1 in the feed. The diet was prepared using the digestive energy of the extracts obtained from the first test, formulated to meet the needs of growing / finishing (final) pigs. Each diet was pelleted and fed to a total of 30 pigs (female and male) maintained in normal pig pen conditions (3 pigs containing 10 pigs).

Test description Test 1 Measurement of digestive energy content Four pigs (30 kg body weight) were individually metabolized (metaboli
sn cagus) and fed with surlafeet 1 ad libitum for a 4 day preliminary period. The excretion amount of pig feces and the intake amount of feed were sequentially measured over 3 days. The total energy content of feed and dung was measured by a bomb calorimeter to measure the digestive energy (D
E) Content was calculated.

Test 2 Measurement of feed intake and growth of pigs Feed Diet was formulated at the University of Queensland
Prepared at cheetoms FeedPty Ltd. (Wacoal, Brisbane, Australia) to meet standard requirements for finished (final) pigs (Table IV). After mixing the ingredients, the feed was pelleted.

90 large white Yorkshire pigs (female)
36 and 54 males) were used in the study. A comparison of the production of 10 pigs fed diets containing 0.15 or 30% Scrafeed 1, respectively, was performed using 30 pigs in total (10 per pig) in each diet treatment. Repeated.

The pigs initially weighed 30 kg in the study, at which point the animals were killed. Slaughtered in Queensland
Quickly done overnight at the Bacon Abattoir, Murallier. Back fat
The thickness of t) was examined at the slaughterhouse for each animal, the limbs were randomly incised to examine the muscle area of the eye, and a fat diet was taken for cholesterol and long chain fatty acid (LCFA) analysis.

Results and Conclusions Experiment 1 The average digestive energy content of the diet was 11.5 ± 0.2 MJ DE / kg DM in 4 pigs. When total dietary energy (16.7 MJ GE / kg DM) was given, the apparent energy digestibility was 0.69 (69%).

These results confirmed that about 30% of the fiber in the extract was digested by pigs, presumably in the large intestine.

Experiment 2 After 3 weeks from the study, one pig fed the inhibitory diet (0% Scrafeed 1) died of a gastric ulcer, but the other factors were disease or poor nutritional effects (nutritio).
nal factor) could not be observed. This gastric ulcer was uniformly observed in pigs fed a normal pig diet. Therefore, 15
It is noteworthy that no ulcers were observed in pigs fed the diet containing 30% Scrafeed 1.

No significant difference was observed in feed intake, body weight gain and loss, and feed conversion efficiency of pigs fed the feed three times a day. These results indicated that the feed containing Scrafeed 1 was highly favorable to pigs with no adverse effects and substantial weight gain.

The characteristics of the pig carcasses that were fed and treated are shown in Table VI. In this case, there was a slight (non-significant) decrease in dressing percentege of pig carcasses fed with Scrafide. This is due to the increased weight of the gastrointestinal tract due to the higher levels of fiber in the diet of pigs fed Scrafeed 1.

Backfat thickness was significantly reduced in pigs fed Scrafeed 1, and a minimum thickness was recorded for pigs fed 30% Scrafeed 1 (Table VI). The muscle area of only 5 pig eyes was examined in each treatment. Nevertheless, there was a significant linear relationship between the content of Scrafeed 1 and the muscle area of the eye. Although pig muscle contains relatively low levels of fat (due to the lack of marbling found in beef), low backfat thickness and increasing eye muscle area were significantly identified and used as a selling point. You can In the pig breeding industry, pig fat cover (fa
Attempts have been made to reduce t cover) and increase muscle in the eye, and on this basis Skrafeed 1 can be used as a useful feed ingredient.

The amount of cholesterol in adipose tissue was investigated in 15 pigs. Differences are observed in the mean values, showing that increasing the amount of Scrafeed 1 from 0% to 15% and from this to 30% substantially reduces the amount of cholesterol.

There was no change in the fatty acid composition of depot fats in pigs.

Summary 1. The digestive energy content of Scrafeed 1 for pig growth was 11.5 ± 0.2 MJ DE / kg DM. The digestibility of the extract was 0.69 (69.0%).

A feed containing up to 2.30% Scrafeed 1 was easy to pellet and was highly preferred by young pigs.

3. Sugarcane extract can be used to extract any anti-nutritional factor (ani) that alters the appearance of feed intake, growth or any other performance.
-Nutritive factors) were not observed to contain.

Although the test visual fiber content containing 4.30% extract is higher than the value considered optimal for pig growth, 30
% Scrafeed 1 did not adversely affect feed intake and production rate.

5. The back fat was significantly lower than that of the symmetrical feed (0% blended amount) at a high proportion of Scrafeed 1 (30%). There was a significant and definitive relationship between the feed content of Scrafeed 1 and the muscle area of the eye, with higher amounts of Scrafeed 1 increasing the muscle area of the eye. These two results are the significant advantages of including Scrafeed 1 in pig feed.

6. There was a significant difference in cholesterol levels in adipose tissue.

7. The fatty acid composition of pig back fat was not affected by the inclusion of Scrafeed 1 in the feed.

Animal Feed Evaluation-Chicks Four tests on chickens were performed.
Trials 3 and 4 were conducted in October and December 1986 in Pinziara.
I went to a veterinary science farm in Queensland on the hill. Test 3 was a growth test using chicks for meat 4 to 8 weeks old. Trial 4 is a mature cockerel (acult cockerel
s) was used to examine the metabolic energy of Scrafeed 1 and the prepared feed. Trials 5 and 6 were conducted at the University of New England, Armiredale. Test 5 was a growth test using hybrid roosters 6 weeks old and Test 6 was a test for spawning using old and young hens.

Test description Test 3 Feeds 4 kinds of feeds containing 0, 10, 20 and 30% of Scrafeed 1 were added to equal energy and equal nitrogen substrates, respectively. Also, the same essential amino acid profile was obtained.

Significant compensation was required at low protein levels in Scrafeed 1 (about 2%). This means increasing protein supplements such as soy flour and fish meal. Furthermore, due to the lower ME value of Scrafeed 1 than the grains used and the need to increase the content of low-energy protein supplements, extra oil was added to the Scrafeed 1-containing feed to increase the ME value. I had to adjust.

The diet is shown in Table IV. Due to problems in the low density and ME studies of Scrafeed 1, feeds B, C and D
Was pelletized.

Test Birds Chicks from two series selected for 5 generations of high (F) or low (L) abdominal fat were used in the study. This line was originally derived from the normal Broider line. Each bird was identified by a wing band.

The birds were bred in a mixed group in a buttery brooder for 4 weeks, with 13.0 MJ ME and 230 g of crude protein (C
A general broiler starter diet containing P) / kg was fed. The feed was muddy.

Test Cage and Handling After 4 weeks, birds were transferred to each cage with their respective feeders. Twenty birds from each line were fed one of four diets and fed ad lid over the 28 day test period.

When the birds were finished with the test, their body weights were examined at 4th week and 8th week, respectively, and each feed consumption during this test period was examined to calculate the medical conversion efficiency. Birds were processed, abdominal fat was removed and weighed, except overnight feed.

Results Growth, feed intake and conversion efficiency As shown in Table VIII, weight gain / loss, feed consumption or FC
There was no effect of diet on R. In fact, this is
The applied energy and protein were adjusted to compensate for the values in Scrafeed 1 to eliminate the anti-nutritional factor in this material, where it suppressed contaminants in chicks up to 30% of the diet.

Abdominal fat The measurement results of abdominal fat are shown in Table IX. Scra Feed 1
The abdominal fat in the chicks fed with low levels was low.
This is the orthogonal contrast method of analysis.
was significant at the 90% level using the ast method).

Test 4 A mature young rooster was used to examine ME in four kinds of feeds used in the growth test. The study first examined the ME of four diets and secondly evaluated the ME of Scrafeed 1. The latter assessment appears to be inaccurate due to the differences in ingredient composition between feeds.

Twelve mature roosters were used and each diet was assigned to three roosters. The test procedure used for the first ME study was reapplied to this test.

Results ME calculated for the 4 diets was A12.8; B13.1; C13.
5 and D13.2.

As shown in Table VII, these values are
About 9.0MJ / kg value was estimated and it was in good agreement with the evaluation value. However, although not closely matched, feeds containing high contents of Scrafeed 1 tend to have high ME. This is done by using regression analysis
Evaluated ME for 11.5 MJ / kg Scrafeed 1
Values maintained by the data can be collected from other species.

In conclusion, as shown in Table VIII, there was no difference in bird growth rate or feed conversion efficiency or feed consumption in different feeds containing varying amounts of Scrafeed 1.

Trial 5 Birds fed with young male roosters of Scruhide 1 Young male roosters grown for 6 weeks + 850g 4 birds (per cage), 3 cages per treatment a) Control-Complete b) Selected diet-protein Concentrate + Scrafeed-Number of times in each container 3 times a week Record a) Increase / decrease in weight every week b) Ingestion of medical treatment every week It can be seen that birds fed Scrafeed 1 have significantly lower fat pads than birds fed the control diet.

Test 6 Spawning test 1. Old hen-Three hens were given the selected protein concentrate and whole wheat or scrafeed 1 in one treatment. The test results are shown in Table XIII.

2. Pullet-same feed-using 4 birds per treatment. The results are shown in Table XIV.

Check the lipid and cholesterol content of juvenile eggs,
The results are shown in Table XV.

Spawning was increased in hens and young hens fed Scrafeed 1, and eggs laid by these birds had low cholesterol content.

Food Preparation Bread was made using the ingredients shown in Table VI.

All the above breads were mixed and baked like standard breads. The sugar cane powder is a Scrafeed 1 material that has been finely ground and passed through a 100 micron sieve.

Claims (13)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for reducing cholesterol and / or body fat content in a non-human animal, which comprises providing an effective amount of a sugar cane soft tissue cell wall to the non-human animal. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the animal diet is substantially free of fibrous thick film tissue cells derived from sugar cane. 3. The animal diet contains sugar cane soft tissue cell wall together with free sugar in an amount at least equal to the amount of free sugar naturally present in the soft tissue cell from which the cell wall is obtained. the method of. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the diet of the animal contains not only dried parenchyma cells but also a dried product of natural inclusions contained in these cells. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the soft tissue cell wall material is 1 to 30% by weight of the diet. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the non-human animal is selected from the group consisting of birds and non-human monogastric mammals. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the non-human animal is selected from the group consisting of pigs and chickens. 8. An animal food for reducing cholesterol and / or body fat levels in non-human animals, characterized in that it contains an effective amount of sugar cane soft tissue cell wall. 9. The animal food of claim 8, wherein the animal food is substantially free of fibrous thick film tissue cells from sugar cane. 10. The animal food contains, together with the soft tissue cell wall, free sugar in an amount at least equal to the amount of free sugar naturally present in the soft tissue cells from which the cell wall is obtained.
Animal food as described. 11. Animal food, together with whole dried parenchyma cells,
11. The animal food according to claim 10, which contains a dried product of natural inclusions contained in these cells. 12. The animal food according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the animal food further contains a balanced nutritional component that sufficiently satisfies the diet required by the animal feeding the food. 13. Animal food according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the soft tissue cell wall material is present in the food in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight.