JP2670702B2 - Photomultiplier tube - Google Patents
Photomultiplier tubeInfo
- Publication number
- JP2670702B2 JP2670702B2 JP11144689A JP11144689A JP2670702B2 JP 2670702 B2 JP2670702 B2 JP 2670702B2 JP 11144689 A JP11144689 A JP 11144689A JP 11144689 A JP11144689 A JP 11144689A JP 2670702 B2 JP2670702 B2 JP 2670702B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- dynode
- photomultiplier tube
- protruding electrode
- electrode portion
- dynodes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Landscapes
- Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)
- Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 「産業上の利用分野」 本発明は光電面に光が入射したときに生ずる光電子を
複数のダイノードで増倍してアノードから出力をとり出
すようにした光電子増倍管に関するものである。The present invention relates to a photomultiplier tube in which photoelectrons generated when light is incident on a photocathode are multiplied by a plurality of dynodes to take out an output from an anode. It is about.
「従来の技術」 第５図はサーキュラーケージ型光電子増倍管の従来例
を示すものである。図において、（１）はガラスの管
体、（２）はグリット、（３）は光電面、（４）〜（1
2）はダイノード、（13）はアノードで、これらには例
えば図示のように、0Vから1000Vまで順次高くなる電圧
が印加されている。そして、光がグリット（２）を経て
光電面（３）に入射すると、光電面から光電子が放出さ
れ円を描くように配置された各ダイノード（４）〜（1
2）で次々と２次電子が放出されて増倍され、アノード
（13）から出力として取り出される。"Prior Art" FIG. 5 shows a conventional example of a circular cage type photomultiplier tube. In the figure, (1) is a glass tube, (2) is grit, (3) is a photocathode, and (4) to (1
2) is a dynode, and (13) is an anode, to which a voltage sequentially increasing from 0 V to 1000 V is applied as shown in the figure. When light enters the photoelectric surface (3) via the grid (2), photoelectrons are emitted from the photoelectric surface and each of the dynodes (4) to (1) arranged in a circle.
In 2), secondary electrons are emitted one after another, multiplied, and taken out from the anode (13) as an output.
「発明が解決しようとする課題」 サーキュラーケージ型におけるダイノードは、外側に
凹面状のダイノード（４）（６）（８）（10）（12）を
配置し、内側に略直線状のダイノード（５）（７）
（９）（11）を配置する。このうち内側のダイノード
（５）は第６図の点線曲線のような等電位分布を示す。
しかるに、前段のダイノード（４）に近い部分（5a）で
は、前段のダイノード（４）の電位の影響を受けるため
に、折角２次電子が放出されてもその２次電子が封じ込
められてつぎの段の外側のダイノード（６）に向うこと
ができない。このことは、内側の他のダイノード（７）
（９）（11）についても同様である。この結果、ダイノ
ードの増倍率が低下してしまうという問題があった。"Problems to be solved by the invention" Circular cage type dynodes have concave dynodes (4), (6), (8), (10) and (12) arranged on the outside and a substantially linear dynode (5) on the inside. ) (7)
(9) Place (11). Of these, the inner dynode (5) exhibits an equipotential distribution like the dotted curve in FIG.
However, in the portion (5a) close to the dynode (4) in the front stage, the potential of the dynode (4) in the front stage is affected, so even if the secondary electron is emitted, the secondary electron is confined and You cannot go to the dynodes (6) outside the steps. This means that the inner dynodes (7)
The same applies to (9) and (11). As a result, there is a problem that the multiplication factor of the dynode decreases.
本発明は内側のダイノードからより有効的に２次電子
が放出されて増倍率を向上させるものを得ることを目的
とするものである。It is an object of the present invention to obtain a secondary electron that is more effectively emitted from the inner dynode to improve the multiplication factor.
「課題を解決するための手段」 本発明は、光電面に光が入射したときに生ずる光電子
を略円形に配置された外側のダイノード群と内側のダイ
ノード群とで交互に順次２次電子を増倍し、アノードか
ら出力を取出すようにしたサーキュラーケージ型光電子
増倍管において、前記内側のダイノード群のうち少くと
も１つのダイノードに、前段のダイノードに近い部分で
あってその電位の影響を受ける部分の２次電子放出面に
突出電極部を設けてなるものである。"Means for Solving the Problem" In the present invention, photoelectrons generated when light is incident on the photocathode are increased in secondary electrons alternately in an outer dynode group and an inner dynode group arranged in a substantially circular shape. In a circular cage type photomultiplier tube in which the output is multiplied from the anode, at least one dynode of the inner dynode group is a portion close to the preceding dynode and is affected by the potential thereof. The secondary electrode emitting surface is provided with a protruding electrode portion.
「作用」 内側のダイノードに、前段の電位の影響を防止するよ
うに突出電極部を設けることにより、内側のダイノード
から外側のダイノードへ向う２次電子が効率よく放出す
る。したがって、２次電子放出の有効面積が広くなり効
率が向上して増倍率も向上する。[Operation] By providing a protruding electrode portion on the inner dynode so as to prevent the influence of the potential at the preceding stage, secondary electrons from the inner dynode to the outer dynode are efficiently emitted. Therefore, the effective area of secondary electron emission is increased, the efficiency is improved, and the multiplication factor is also improved.
「実施例」 以下、本発明の一実施例を第１図ないし第４図に基づ
き説明する。なお、第５図と同一部分は同符号とする。[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. The same parts as those in FIG. 5 are designated by the same reference numerals.
第１図において、（１）は密閉したガラスの管体で、
この管体（１）の光の導入側にグリット（２）と光電面
（３）が設けられている。また、管体（１）内には、略
直線状の内側の第２、第４、第６、第８ダイノード
（５）（７）（９）（11）とその外周の凹面状の第１、
第３、第５、第７、第９外側ダイノード（４）（６）
（８）（10）（12）とが円を描くように配置され、第９
ダイノード（12）の焦点位置にアノード（13）が配置さ
れている。以上のダイノードのうち、内側のダイノード
（５）〜（11）の少なくとも１つに突出電極部（14）が
形成されている。この突出電極部（14）は、前段のダイ
ノードに近い部分であって、前段のダイノードの電位の
影響を受ける部分（5a）（7a）…の２次電子放出面側に
略90度折曲した状態に設けられている。この突出電極部
（14）の高さは、２次電子放出面が前段のダイノード電
位の影響を受けないようにするためのものであるが、あ
まり高くしすぎると、前段の外側のダイノード（４）…
から放出された２次電子が内側のダイノード（５）…へ
入射するときに邪魔になるので、それを阻外しない程度
とする。また、この突出電極部（14）は第３図（ａ）に
示すように、ダイノード（５）と同一構成部材を90度折
曲したもの、（ｂ）に示すように、丸棒を溶着したも
の、（ｃ）に示すように、同一構成部材の折曲部分に丸
味をもたせたもの、（ｄ）に示すように、角棒を溶着し
たものなどであってもよい。In FIG. 1, (1) is a sealed glass tube,
A grit (2) and a photocathode (3) are provided on the light introduction side of the tube body (1). Also, in the tube (1), the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth dynodes (5), (7), (9), and (11) on the inner side of the substantially straight line and the first concave portion on the outer periphery thereof are formed. ,
Third, fifth, seventh and ninth outer dynodes (4) (6)
(8), (10) and (12) are arranged in a circle,
The anode (13) is arranged at the focal position of the dynode (12). Among the above dynodes, the protruding electrode portion (14) is formed on at least one of the inner dynodes (5) to (11). The protruding electrode portion (14) is a portion close to the dynode in the previous stage, and is bent by approximately 90 degrees to the secondary electron emission surface side of the portions (5a) (7a)... It is provided in the state. The height of the protruding electrode portion (14) is to prevent the secondary electron emission surface from being affected by the potential of the dynode in the preceding stage. ) ...
Are disturbed when the secondary electrons emitted from are incident on the inner dynodes (5)... Further, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), the protruding electrode portion (14) is obtained by bending the same constituent member as the dynode (5) by 90 degrees, and as shown in FIG. 3 (b), a round bar is welded. Alternatively, as shown in (c), a bent portion of the same constituent member may be rounded, and as shown in (d), a square bar may be welded.
以上のような構成において、光電面（３）に0V、第
１、第２、第３、第４、第５、第６、第７、第８、第９
ダイノード（４）〜（12）にそれぞれ100V、200V、300
V、400V、500V、600V、700V、800V、900V、アノード（1
3）に1000Vを印加する。In the above structure, the photocathode (3) has 0V, the first, the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth, the sixth, the seventh, the eighth, the ninth.
100V, 200V, 300 for dynodes (4) to (12) respectively
V, 400V, 500V, 600V, 700V, 800V, 900V, anode (1
Apply 1000V to 3).
ここで、光がグリット（２）を経て光電面（３）に入
射し、光電子が放出される。この光電子が第１ダイノー
ド（４）に入射すると、１次電子が放出し、第１ダイノ
ード（４）から２次電子が放出して第２ダイノード
（５）へ送られる。この第２ダイノード（５）は、突出
電極部（14）を有するので、第２図の点線で示すよう
に、前段のダイノード電位による影響が緩和されて内側
の第２ダイノード（５）から外側の第３のダイノード
（６）へ向う２次電子放出の有効面積が大きくとれる。
以下同様にしてつぎつぎと２次電子が放出されて増倍さ
れる。増倍された２次電子は第９ダイノード（12）でア
ノード（13）に集められてここから出力する。Here, light enters the photocathode (3) through the grit (2), and photoelectrons are emitted. When the photoelectrons enter the first dynode (4), primary electrons are emitted, secondary electrons are emitted from the first dynode (4) and sent to the second dynode (5). Since this second dynode (5) has the protruding electrode portion (14), as shown by the dotted line in FIG. A large effective area for secondary electron emission toward the third dynode (6) can be obtained.
In the same manner, secondary electrons are emitted one after another and multiplied. The multiplied secondary electrons are collected in the anode (13) at the ninth dynode (12) and output from here.
前記実施例では、ガラスの管体（１）が円筒形状でそ
の側方から光を入射するいわゆるサイドオン型の場合に
ついて説明したが、これに限られるものではなく、第４
図に示すように、管体（１）円筒形で、頭部から光を入
射するいわゆるヘッドオン型の場合についても利用でき
る。この第４図において、（３）は光電面、（15）はフ
ォーカス電極、（16）および（４）〜（12）は第１〜第
10ダイノード、（13）はアノードである。そして、ダイ
ノード（16），（４）〜（12）の配置および増倍作用は
第１図の場合と同様である。In the above-described embodiment, the case where the glass tube (1) is of a so-called side-on type in which light is incident from the side of a cylindrical shape is described, but the present invention is not limited to this.
As shown in the drawing, the present invention can also be applied to a so-called head-on type in which the tubular body (1) has a cylindrical shape and light is incident from the head. In FIG. 4, (3) is a photocathode, (15) is a focus electrode, and (16) and (4) to (12) are first to first electrodes.
10 dynodes, (13) is the anode. The arrangement of the dynodes (16), (4) to (12) and the multiplication action are the same as in the case of FIG.
「発明の効果」 本発明は上述のように、内側のダイノードに、前段の
ダイノード電位の影響をうけないようにするための突出
電極部を設けたので、内側ダイノードにおける２次電子
放出の有効面積が広がり、内側のダイノードから外側の
ダイノードへ向う２次電子の効率が向上する。実測によ
れば突出電極部をつけると、つけない場合より増倍率が
２〜３倍大きくなった。[Effect of the Invention] As described above, in the present invention, the inner dynode is provided with the protruding electrode portion for preventing the influence of the potential of the preceding dynode, so that the effective area of secondary electron emission in the inner dynode is provided. Spread, and the efficiency of secondary electrons from the inner dynode to the outer dynode improves. According to the actual measurement, when the protruding electrode portion was attached, the multiplication factor was 2-3 times larger than when it was not attached.
第１図は本発明による光電倍増管の第１実施例を示す断
面図、第２図は第１図の要部の拡大図、第３図は内側ダ
イノードのそれぞれ異なる実施例を示す側面図、第４図
は本発明の第２実施例の断面図、第５図は従来例の断面
図、第６図は第５図の要部の拡大図である。 （１）……管体、（２）……グリット、（３）……光電
面、（４）〜（12）（16）……ダイノード、（13）……
アノード、（14）……突出電極部、（15）……フォーカ
ス電極。1 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment of a photomultiplier tube according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a side view showing different embodiments of an inner dynode, FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a conventional example, and FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. (1) Tube, (2) Grit, (3) Photocathode, (4) to (12) (16) Dynode, (13)
Anode, (14) ... protruding electrode part, (15) ... focus electrode.
Claims (4)
を略円形に配置された外側のダイノード群と内側のダイ
ノード群とで交互に順次２次電子を増倍し、アノードか
ら出力を取出すようにしたサーキュラーケージ型光電子
増倍管において、前記内側のダイノード群のうち少くと
も１つのダイノードに、前段のダイノードに近い部分で
あってその電位の影響を受ける部分の２次電子放出面に
突出電極部を設けてなることを特徴とする光電子増倍
管。1. A photoelectron generated when light is incident on a photocathode is alternately multiplied by an outer dynode group and an inner dynode group arranged in a substantially circular shape, and secondary electrons are sequentially multiplied, and an output is taken out from an anode. In the circular cage type photomultiplier tube as described above, at least one dynode of the inner dynode group is projected to the secondary electron emission surface of a portion close to the preceding dynode and affected by the potential. A photomultiplier tube characterized by comprising an electrode portion.
設けてなる請求項（１）記載の光電子増倍管。2. The photomultiplier tube according to claim 1, wherein all the inner dynode groups are provided with protruding electrode portions.
に折曲してなる請求項（１）または（２）記載の光電子
増倍管。3. The photomultiplier tube according to claim 1, wherein the protruding electrode portion is formed by integrally bending the constituent members of the dynode.
る部材を溶着してなる請求項（１）または（２）記載の
光電子増倍管。4. The photomultiplier tube according to claim 1, wherein the protruding electrode portion is formed by welding a member different from the constituent member of the dynode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11144689A JP2670702B2 (en) | 1989-04-28 | 1989-04-28 | Photomultiplier tube |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11144689A JP2670702B2 (en) | 1989-04-28 | 1989-04-28 | Photomultiplier tube |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02291655A JPH02291655A (en) | 1990-12-03 |
| JP2670702B2 true JP2670702B2 (en) | 1997-10-29 |
Family
ID=14561409
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11144689A Expired - Lifetime JP2670702B2 (en) | 1989-04-28 | 1989-04-28 | Photomultiplier tube |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2670702B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3473913B2 (en) * | 1992-05-28 | 2003-12-08 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | Photomultiplier tube |
| JP3466712B2 (en) | 1994-06-28 | 2003-11-17 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | Electron tube |
| JP3392240B2 (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 2003-03-31 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | Electron multiplier |
| JP4640881B2 (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2011-03-02 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | Photomultiplier tube |
-
1989
- 1989-04-28 JP JP11144689A patent/JP2670702B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH02291655A (en) | 1990-12-03 |
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