JP2668035B2 - Hollow valve for internal combustion engine and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Hollow valve for internal combustion engine and method of manufacturing the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JP2668035B2 JP2668035B2 JP21412189A JP21412189A JP2668035B2 JP 2668035 B2 JP2668035 B2 JP 2668035B2 JP 21412189 A JP21412189 A JP 21412189A JP 21412189 A JP21412189 A JP 21412189A JP 2668035 B2 JP2668035 B2 JP 2668035B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- shaft portion
- hollow
- hollow shaft
- combustion engine
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、内部に中空部を設けた内燃機関用吸排気
弁、及びその製造方法に関する。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an intake / exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine having a hollow portion therein, and a method of manufacturing the same.
内部に中空部を設けることにより軽量化を図るととも
に、その中空部内に金属ナトリウム等の冷却媒体を封入
することにより、冷却効率を高めるようにした内燃機関
用吸排気弁（以下中空弁という）は公知である（例えば
特開昭60−247433号公報、実開昭62−102806号公報、特
開昭63−109211号公報、特公昭37−5451号公報等参
照）。An intake / exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine (hereinafter referred to as a hollow valve) is designed to enhance cooling efficiency by providing a hollow portion inside for weight reduction and enclosing a cooling medium such as metallic sodium in the hollow portion. It is known (see, for example, JP-A-60-247433, JP-A-62-102806, JP-A-63-109211, JP-B-37-5451).
このような中空弁の製造に際し、中空部の軸端側の端
部を閉塞するには、第６図から第９図に示す４つの方法
がある。In manufacturing such a hollow valve, there are four methods shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 for closing the axial end of the hollow portion.
第６図に示す第１従来例においては、一端に有底孔
（１）（２）がそれぞれ穿設された丸棒状の傘部形成用
の素材（３）と軸端部形成用の素材（４）との各有底孔
（１）（２）が開口する方の端部同士を、互いに摩擦圧
接及びアプセット突合せ溶接等により溶接した後、接合
部の周囲に突出した溶接ばり（５）を機械加工により削
除し、その後、素材（３）の遊端部を、熱間プレス等に
より塑性変形させて傘部（６）を形成する（特開昭60−
247433号公報参照）。In a first conventional example shown in FIG. 6, a round bar-shaped material (3) for forming an umbrella portion and a material (for forming a shaft end portion) in which bottomed holes (1) and (2) are formed at one end respectively. 4) and the bottomed holes (1) and (2) of which the bottoms are opened are welded to each other by friction welding and upset butt welding, and then the welding burrs (5) protruding around the joints are welded. After removal by machining, the free end of the raw material (3) is plastically deformed by hot pressing or the like to form an umbrella (6).
247433).
第７図に示す第２従来例においては、傘部（11）に連
設された中空軸部（12）における中空部（13）が開口す
る端部を絞り加工することにより、中空部（13）の開口
端部を閉塞した後、その端部に、充実軸部（14）を同心
として、摩擦圧接、突合せ溶接、もしくはプロジェクシ
ョン溶接等により接合し、その後、接合部の周囲より突
出した溶接ばり（15）を、機械加工により削除する（特
開昭63−109208号公報参照）。In the second conventional example shown in FIG. 7, the hollow part (13) is drawn by drawing the end of the hollow shaft part (12) connected to the umbrella part (11) where the hollow part (13) opens. ) After closing the open end, the solid shaft (14) is concentrically joined to the end by friction welding, butt welding, projection welding, etc., and then welding burrs protruding from the periphery of the joint. (15) is deleted by machining (see JP-A-63-109208).
第８図に示す第３従来例においては、傘部（11）に連
設された中空軸部（12）における中空部（13）の開口端
部にプラグ（16）を圧嵌することにより、中空部（13）
を閉塞した後、その端部に、充実軸部（14）を同心とし
て、第２従来例と同様の溶接により接合して、その後、
接合部の周囲に突出した溶接ばり（15）を機械加工によ
り削除する（特公昭37−5451号公報参照）。In the third conventional example shown in FIG. 8, a plug (16) is press-fitted into an open end of a hollow portion (13) of a hollow shaft portion (12) connected to an umbrella portion (11). Hollow part (13)
Is closed, and the solid portion (14) is concentrically joined to the end thereof by welding in the same manner as in the second conventional example.
The welding beam (15) projecting around the joint is removed by machining (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 375451).
第９図に示す第４従来例においては、傘部（11）に連
設された中空軸部（12）における中空部（13）が開口す
る端部に、充実軸部（14）を、同心として、摩擦圧接等
の溶接により接合することにより、中空部（13）を閉塞
し、その後、接合部の周囲に突出した溶接ばり（15）
を、機械加工により削除する（特開昭63−195308号公
報、特開昭62−179836号公報参照）。In a fourth conventional example shown in FIG. 9, a solid shaft portion (14) is concentrically attached to an end of a hollow shaft portion (12) connected to an umbrella portion (11) where a hollow portion (13) opens. By joining by welding such as friction welding, the hollow part (13) is closed, and then the welding beam (15) protruding around the joint
Is deleted by machining (see JP-A-63-195308 and JP-A-62-179836).
上記従来例のうち、第１及び第４従来例においては、
中空部（１）（２）（13）内に溶接ばり（７）（17）が
形成されるが、この溶接ばり（７）（17）を外部から除
去することはできない。Of the above conventional examples, in the first and fourth conventional examples,
Although the welding burrs (7) and (17) are formed in the hollow portions (1), (2) and (13), the welding burrs (7) and (17) cannot be removed from the outside.
そのため、この溶接ばり（７）（17）が、中空部
（１）（２）（13）内に封入した冷却媒体の流動を妨げ
ることとなり、また、溶接ばり（７）（17）と素材
（３）（４）、又は中空軸部（12）もしくは充実軸部
（14）との間に形成される鋭角部（ａ）により、ここか
ら亀裂が生じ易く、中空弁の強度、特に疲労強度が低下
する。さらに、溶接欠陥が生じやすい接合面（ｂ）が、
中心軸線（Ｌ）とほぼ直交する方向を向くので、わずか
の溶接欠陥によっても、中心軸線（Ｌ）と直交する方向
に亀裂が生じ易く、軸部の強度が低下する。Therefore, the welding flash (7) (17) impedes the flow of the cooling medium enclosed in the hollow portions (1) (2) (13), and the welding flash (7) (17) and the material ( 3) (4), or due to the acute angle portion (a) formed between the hollow shaft portion (12) or the solid shaft portion (14), cracks are easily generated from here and the strength of the hollow valve, especially the fatigue strength, is increased. descend. Furthermore, the joining surface (b) where welding defects easily occur is
Since it is oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to the center axis (L), even a slight welding defect tends to cause a crack in a direction perpendicular to the center axis (L), and the strength of the shaft part is reduced.
第２及び第３従来例によると、中空部（13）内に溶接
ばりが生じることはないが、中空軸部（12）の端部を絞
り加工したり、又はプラグ（16）を圧嵌したりするのに
加工工数が増加し、結果的にコスト高となる。また、上
記のものと同様に、接合面（ｂ）が中心軸線（Ｌ）とほ
ぼ直交する方向に向くことにより、その方向に亀裂が生
じ易く、軸部の強度が低下する。According to the second and third conventional examples, no welding beam is generated in the hollow portion (13), but the end of the hollow shaft portion (12) is drawn or the plug (16) is press-fitted. However, the processing man-hours increase, resulting in higher cost. Further, similarly to the above, when the joint surface (b) is oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to the central axis (L), cracks are easily generated in that direction, and the strength of the shaft portion is reduced.
本発明は、従来の技術が有する上記のような問題点に
鑑み、上記第４従来例に改良を施すことにより、軸部の
強度を向上させるとともに、簡単かつ安価に製造できる
内燃機関用中空弁、及びその製造方法を提供することを
目的としている。In view of the above problems of the conventional technique, the present invention improves the strength of the shaft portion by improving the fourth conventional example, and at the same time, it is a hollow valve for an internal combustion engine that can be manufactured easily and inexpensively. , And a method of manufacturing the same.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明の内燃機関用中空
弁では、請求項（１）に記載のように、傘部に連設され
た中空軸部における中空部が開口する端部に、充実軸部
を同心として接合することにより、前記中空部を閉塞し
てなる内燃機関用中空弁において、前記中空軸部の端部
と充実軸部の端部との接合面の少なくとも一部を、前記
傘部から離れる方向に向かって拡開するテーパ状として
ある。In order to achieve the above object, in the hollow valve for an internal combustion engine of the present invention, as described in claim (1), a hollow shaft portion connected to the umbrella portion has a hollow portion at which the hollow portion is open. By joining the shaft portion concentrically, in a hollow valve for an internal combustion engine in which the hollow portion is closed, at least a part of the joining surface between the end of the hollow shaft portion and the end of the solid shaft portion, It has a tapered shape that widens in a direction away from the umbrella portion.
中空軸部と充実軸部の材質は、請求項（２）乃至
（６）に記載のようなものとするのがよい。The material of the hollow shaft portion and the solid shaft portion is preferably as described in claims (2) to (6).
また、本発明の内燃機関用中空弁の製造方法は、請求
項（７）に記載のように、一方の端部に傘部を形成され
た又は形成しようとする中空軸部における中空部が開口
する他方の端部と、これに接合しようとする充実軸部の
端部との少なくともいずれか一方に、前記傘部から離れ
る方向に向かって拡開するテーパ部を形成しておき、前
記中空軸部と充実軸部とを互いに同心として、対向する
端部同士を溶接することにより、前記中空軸部と充実軸
部との接合面の少なくとも一部に、傘部から離れる方向
に向かって拡開するテーパ部を形成することを特徴とし
ている。Further, according to the method for manufacturing a hollow valve for an internal combustion engine of the present invention, as described in claim (7), the hollow portion in the hollow shaft portion in which the umbrella portion is formed or is about to be formed is open at one end. At least one of the other end portion of the hollow shaft and the end portion of the solid shaft portion to be joined to the hollow shaft portion is formed with a taper portion that expands in a direction away from the umbrella portion. Of the hollow shaft portion and the solid shaft portion are welded to each other so that the hollow shaft portion and the solid shaft portion are concentric with each other, so that at least a part of the joint surface between the hollow shaft portion and the solid shaft portion expands in a direction away from the umbrella portion. It is characterized in that a tapered portion is formed.
さらに、本発明の方法によると、請求項（８）に記載
のように、一方の端部に傘部を形成された又は形成しよ
うとする中空軸部における中空部が開口する端部と、前
記中空軸部より溶接時の変形抵抗が小さい材料よりなる
充実軸部の端部とを、前記中空軸部と充実軸部とを同心
として、かつそのいずれか一方を高速回転させつつ、互
いに圧接することにより、前記中空軸部と充実軸部との
接合面の少なくとも一部に、前記傘部から離れる方向に
向かって拡開するテーパ部を形成するようにしてもよ
い。Further, according to the method of the present invention, as described in claim (8), an end portion in which the hollow portion of the hollow shaft portion on which one end portion is formed or is about to form an umbrella portion is opened, The end of the solid shaft portion made of a material having a smaller deformation resistance during welding than the hollow shaft portion is pressed against each other while the hollow shaft portion and the solid shaft portion are concentric with each other and one of them is rotated at a high speed. Thereby, a tapered portion that expands in a direction away from the umbrella portion may be formed on at least a part of the joint surface between the hollow shaft portion and the solid shaft portion.
請求項（１）記載の内燃機関用中空弁は、中空軸部と
充実軸部との接合面の少なくとも一部が、テーパ状とな
って中心軸線に対して傾斜するので、接合面が従来のも
のより広くなっている。In the hollow valve for an internal combustion engine according to claim (1), at least a part of the joining surface between the hollow shaft portion and the solid shaft portion is tapered and inclined with respect to the center axis, so that the joining surface is a conventional one. It is wider than the ones.
そのため、溶接強度は増すとともに、万一この接合面
に溶接欠陥が生じたとしても、亀裂は、中心軸線と直交
する方向に向くことはなく、それに対して傾斜する方向
に向くので、軸部の強度は大となる。Therefore, the welding strength is increased, and even if a welding defect occurs in this joint surface, the crack does not face in the direction orthogonal to the center axis, but in the direction inclined with respect to it, Strength is great.
請求項（７）記載の内燃機関用中空弁の製造方法によ
ると、中空軸部と充実軸部との溶接時に、その一方に設
けられたテーパ部に沿って他方の端部が案内されるの
で、中空部内に溶接ばりが生じるおそれは少なくなり、
また溶接後の接合面に、テーパ部を簡単に形成すること
ができる。According to the method for manufacturing a hollow valve for an internal combustion engine according to claim (7), at the time of welding the hollow shaft portion and the solid shaft portion, the other end portion is guided along the tapered portion provided on one of the hollow shaft portion and the solid shaft portion. , The risk of welding burrs in the hollow part is reduced,
Further, the tapered portion can be easily formed on the joint surface after welding.
請求項（８）記載の内燃機関用中空弁の製造方法によ
ると、充実軸部と中空軸部との材質を、充実軸部の方
が、中空軸部より溶接時の変形抵抗が小となるように選
択するだけで、第４従来例とほぼ同様の簡単な方法で、
接合面に所要のテーパ部が形成されるとともに、中空部
内に溶接ばりが生じるおそれも少ない。According to the method for manufacturing a hollow valve for an internal combustion engine of claim (8), the solid shaft portion and the hollow shaft portion are made of a material having a smaller deformation resistance during welding than the hollow shaft portion. Simply select, and in the same simple method as the fourth conventional example,
The required tapered portion is formed on the joint surface, and there is little possibility that a welding flash is generated in the hollow portion.
第１図は、請求項（１）記載の発明の一実施例を示
す。FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention described in claim (1).
（21）は、環状のバルブシート（図示略）と当接する
ことにより、内燃機関の排気孔又は吸気孔（いずれも図
示略）を閉塞するテーパ状の弁フェース部（21a）を上
面に有する傘部で、その上面中央には、内部に中空部
（23）を有する上向きの中空軸部（22）が連設されてい
る。The umbrella (21) has a tapered valve face portion (21a) on its upper surface, which closes an exhaust hole or an intake hole (both not shown) of an internal combustion engine by coming into contact with an annular valve seat (not shown). An upwardly facing hollow shaft portion (22) having a hollow portion (23) therein is continuously provided at the center of the upper surface of the portion.
中空軸部（22）の上端には充実軸部（24）が、同心的
に、かつ中空部（23）の上端開口部を閉塞するようにし
て溶接されている。A solid shaft portion (24) is welded concentrically to the upper end of the hollow shaft portion (22) so as to close the upper end opening of the hollow portion (23).
中空軸部（22）と充実軸部（24）との接合面（25）の
形状は、中心寄りの部分、すなわち、中空部（23）内に
突入する端面（24a）寄りの部分が、中心軸線（Ｌ）に
対して小さい角度（θ１）をもって上向きに拡開するテ
ーパ部（25a）をなし、かつ外周寄りの部分が、中心軸
線（Ｌ）に対して上記角度（θ１）より大きい角度（θ
２）（ただしθ２＜90゜）をもって上向きに拡開するテ
ーパ部（25b）をなし、両テーパ部（25a）（25b）の中
間部が、上向凸状に湾曲する湾曲面（25c）をなすよう
にしてある。The shape of the joint surface (25) between the hollow shaft part (22) and the solid shaft part (24) is such that the part near the center, that is, the part near the end face (24a) protruding into the hollow part (23) is the center. A taper portion (25a) that expands upward at a small angle (θ 1 ) with respect to the axis (L) is formed, and a portion near the outer circumference is larger than the angle (θ 1 ) with respect to the central axis (L). Angle (θ
2 ) (where θ 2 <90 °) forms a tapered portion (25b) that expands upward, and a middle surface between both tapered portions (25a) and (25b) curves upwardly in a convex shape (25c). Is made.
（24b）は、充実軸部（24）の上端部寄りの外周面に
形成された環状溝で、スプリングリテーナ（図示略）を
軸端部に係止するコッタ（図示略）を嵌合させるための
ものである。(24b) is an annular groove formed on the outer peripheral surface near the upper end of the solid shaft portion (24) for fitting a cotter (not shown) that locks a spring retainer (not shown) to the shaft end portion. belongs to.
中空軸部（22）と充実軸部（24）とは、ともに、例え
ばオーステナイト系耐熱鋼（SUH36）、チタン合金、ア
ルミ合金等のような同一材料よりなるものとしてもよい
が、充実軸部（24）を、例えはマルテンサイト系耐熱鋼
（SUH3、SUH11）又は高速度鋼（SKH51）等のような焼入
れ硬化可能な鋼材よりなるものとし、かつ中空軸部（2
2）を、オーステナイト系鋼材又はニッケル基合金とし
てもよい。Both the hollow shaft portion (22) and the solid shaft portion (24) may be made of the same material such as austenitic heat resistant steel (SUH36), titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, etc. 24) is made of quench hardenable steel such as martensitic heat resistant steel (SUH3, SUH11) or high speed steel (SKH51), and the hollow shaft (2
2) may be an austenitic steel material or a nickel-based alloy.
また、中空軸部（22）と充実軸部（24）とを、例えば
オーステナイト系耐熱鋼（SUH36）、チタン合金、アル
ミ合金、ニッケル基合金（インコネル750）等のような
焼入れ硬化不可能な材料よりなるものとした場合には、
充実軸部（24）の軸側端に、例えばマルテンサイト系耐
熱鋼（SUH3、SUH11）、高速度鋼（SKH51）等のような焼
入れ硬化可能な鋼材を溶接し、溶接後に、これを焼入れ
してもよい。また充実軸部（24）の軸端側に硬質のキャ
ップ状部材を取り付けても良い。The hollow shaft portion (22) and the solid shaft portion (24) are made of a material that cannot be hardened and hardened such as austenitic heat-resistant steel (SUH36), a titanium alloy, an aluminum alloy, and a nickel-based alloy (Inconel 750). If it is composed of
A quench-hardenable steel material such as martensitic heat-resistant steel (SUH3, SUH11) or high-speed steel (SKH51) is welded to the shaft end of the solid shaft portion (24), and after welding, this is quenched. You may. A hard cap-shaped member may be attached to the shaft end side of the solid shaft portion (24).
さらに、第１図示の中空弁を、後述する請求項（８）
記載の発明の方法により製造する場合には、例えば中空
軸部（22）をオーステナイト系耐熱鋼（SUH36）よりな
るものとし、かつ充実軸部（24）を、オーステナイト系
耐熱鋼（SUH36）より溶接時の変形抵抗が小さい例えば
マルテンサイト系耐熱鋼（SUH3）よりなるものとしても
よい。Further, the hollow valve shown in FIG.
In the case of manufacturing by the method of the described invention, for example, the hollow shaft portion (22) is made of heat-resistant austenitic steel (SUH36), and the solid shaft portion (24) is welded from heat-resistant austenitic steel (SUH36). It may be made of, for example, martensitic heat-resistant steel (SUH3) having a small deformation resistance.
この実施例のような構成とすると、接合面（25）を、
傘部から離れる方向に向かって拡開するテーパ状とした
ことにより、接合面（25）の全体の面積が、従来の中心
軸線（Ｌ）と直交する方向を向くものより大となり、溶
接強度が増すとともに、万一この接合面（25）に溶接欠
陥が生じたとしても、亀裂は、中心軸線と直交する方向
に向くことなく、それに対して傾斜する方向を向くの
で、端部の強度は大となる。With the configuration as in this embodiment, the joining surface (25) is
Since the taper shape expands in the direction away from the umbrella portion, the entire area of the joint surface (25) becomes larger than that of the conventional one that is oriented in the direction orthogonal to the central axis (L), and the welding strength is increased. Even if a weld defect occurs in the joint surface (25), the cracks are directed not in the direction perpendicular to the center axis but in the direction inclined to the center axis, so that the strength at the end is large. Becomes
なお、上記実施例においては、接合面（25）の全体が
テーパ状をなすようにしてあるが、接合面（25）の少な
くとも一部をこのようなテーパ部とするだけでも、十分
な効果が得られる。In the above embodiment, the entire joint surface (25) is tapered. However, even if at least a part of the joint surface (25) has such a tapered portion, a sufficient effect can be obtained. can get.
第２図及び第３図は、第１図示の中空弁を、請求項
（７）記載の発明の方法により製造する要領を示す。FIGS. 2 and 3 show a method of manufacturing the hollow valve shown in FIG. 1 by the method according to the present invention.
この製造方法においては、中空軸部（22）の中間体で
ある中空軸部（26）と、充実軸部（24）の中間体である
充実軸部（27）とを、例えばオーステナイト系耐熱鋼
（SUH36）のような同一材料製のものとし、かつ第２図
示のように前もって成形しておく。すなわち、中空軸部
（26）の下端部には、熱間プレス等により、傘部（21）
を前もって形成しておくとともに、中空軸部（26）の上
端から傘部（21）に近接する部分までにかけて中空部
（23）を形成しておき、また中空部（23）が開口する中
空軸部（26）の上端面（26a）は、中心軸線（Ｌ）と直
交する平面としておく。In this manufacturing method, the hollow shaft portion (26), which is an intermediate body of the hollow shaft portion (22), and the solid shaft portion (27), which is an intermediate body of the solid shaft portion (24), are made of, for example, austenitic heat-resistant steel. (SUH36) and are formed in advance as shown in FIG. That is, the lower end of the hollow shaft portion (26) is heated by hot pressing or the like to form an umbrella portion (21).
Is formed in advance, and a hollow portion (23) is formed from the upper end of the hollow shaft portion (26) to a portion close to the umbrella portion (21), and the hollow shaft (23) is open. The upper end surface (26a) of the part (26) is a plane orthogonal to the central axis (L).
短寸の丸棒状とした充実軸部（27）の下端には、上方
に向かって拡開するテーパ部（27a）を、前もって形成
しておく。A tapered portion (27a) that expands upward is formed in advance at the lower end of the solid shaft portion (27) in the form of a short round bar.
中空軸部（26）を適宜の治具（図示略）により固定し
た状態で、充実軸部（27）を、中空軸部（26）と同心と
して、かつ高速回転させつつ、テーパ部（27a）が中空
部（23）内に嵌入するように押し付ける。With the hollow shaft portion (26) fixed by an appropriate jig (not shown), the solid shaft portion (27) is concentric with the hollow shaft portion (26) and is rotated at high speed, while the taper portion (27a) is being rotated. Is pressed so as to fit into the hollow portion (23).
すると、テーパ部（27a）の外周面と、それに接触す
る中空軸部（26）の上端部とが、摩擦熱により局部的に
溶融し、かつ中空軸部（26）の上端部がテーパ部（27
a）の外周面に案内されて漸次拡径されて互いに押圧さ
れる。Then, the outer peripheral surface of the taper portion (27a) and the upper end portion of the hollow shaft portion (26) that is in contact therewith are locally melted by frictional heat, and the upper end portion of the hollow shaft portion (26) is tapered ( 27
Guided by the outer peripheral surface of a), the diameter is gradually increased and pressed against each other.
充実軸部（27）を中空軸部（26）に対して予め定めて
おいた距離だけ押し進めた後、充実軸部（27）の回転を
急激に停止させ、かつ充実軸部（27）を中空軸部（26）
に対して、それまでと同様の、又はそれよりさらに大き
い加圧力をもって加圧すると、第３図に示すように、中
空軸部（26）と充実軸部（27）とは、第１図に示すのと
同様の形状の接合面（25）をもって互いに溶着され、接
合部分の外周面には、溶接ばり（28）が形成される。After pushing the solid shaft part (27) against the hollow shaft part (26) by a predetermined distance, the rotation of the solid shaft part (27) is suddenly stopped and the solid shaft part (27) is hollow. Shaft (26)
On the other hand, when pressure is applied with the same or larger pressing force as before, as shown in FIG. 3, the hollow shaft portion (26) and the solid shaft portion (27) are connected to each other in FIG. These are welded to each other with a joining surface (25) having a shape similar to that shown, and a welding beam (28) is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the joining portion.
その後、溶接ばり（28）を、研削盤その他の機械加工
手段により削除し、かつ充実軸部（27）に、環状溝（27
b）及び面取り（27c）切削加工すると、第１図示のもの
と同一の中空弁が形成される。Thereafter, the welding burrs (28) are removed by a grinding machine or other machining means, and the solid shaft (27) is provided with an annular groove (27).
When b) and chamfering (27c) are cut, the same hollow valve as that shown in FIG. 1 is formed.
この製造方法によると、溶接時に、中空軸部（26）の
上端部は、充実軸部（27）のテーパ部（27a）の外周面
に沿って案内されるので、中空部（23）内に溶接ばりが
生じるおそれは少なく、また溶接後の接合面（25）に、
テーパ部を簡単に形成することができる。According to this manufacturing method, at the time of welding, the upper end of the hollow shaft portion (26) is guided along the outer peripheral surface of the tapered portion (27a) of the solid shaft portion (27). There is little risk of welding flash, and the welded surface (25) after welding
The tapered portion can be easily formed.
なお、充実軸部（27）の下端面を中心軸線（Ｌ）と直
交する平面とし、かつ中空軸部（26）の上端部に、中空
部（23）と連続するとともに、傘部（21）から離れる方
向、すなわち上方に向かって拡開するテーパ（孔）部を
設けたり、又は充実軸部（27）と中空軸部（26）との両
方にこのようなテーパ部を設けて、上記と同様の要領で
摩擦圧接させても、上記と同様の作用及び効果が得られ
る。In addition, the lower end surface of the solid shaft portion (27) is a plane orthogonal to the central axis (L), and the upper end portion of the hollow shaft portion (26) is continuous with the hollow portion (23) and the umbrella portion (21). A taper (hole) portion that expands in a direction away from, that is, upward is provided, or such a taper portion is provided in both the solid shaft portion (27) and the hollow shaft portion (26). Even if friction welding is performed in a similar manner, the same action and effect as above can be obtained.
また、この製造方法においては、摩擦圧接によらず、
突合せ溶接、プロジェクション溶接、又はその他の溶接
方法により、中空軸部（26）と充実軸部（27）とを溶接
してもよい。In addition, in this manufacturing method, regardless of friction welding,
The hollow shaft portion (26) and the solid shaft portion (27) may be welded by butt welding, projection welding, or other welding methods.
中空軸部（26）と充実軸部（27）とを互いに溶接した
後に、中空軸部（26）の下端部に、熱間プレス等により
傘部を形成してもよい。After welding the hollow shaft portion (26) and the solid shaft portion (27) to each other, an umbrella portion may be formed at the lower end portion of the hollow shaft portion (26) by hot pressing or the like.
第４図及び第５図は、請求項（８）記載の発明の方法
により、第１図示の中空弁を製造する際の実施要領を示
す。FIGS. 4 and 5 show the procedure for manufacturing the hollow valve shown in FIG. 1 by the method according to the present invention.
この製造方法においては、中空軸部（22）の中間体で
ある中空軸部（29）を、オーステナイト系耐熱鋼（SUH3
6）製とし、かつ充実軸部（24）の中間体である充実軸
部（30）を、オーステナイト系耐熱鋼（SUH36）より溶
接時の変形抵抗が小さい材料製のものとする。In this manufacturing method, the hollow shaft portion (29), which is an intermediate of the hollow shaft portion (22), is replaced with an austenitic heat-resistant steel (SUH3
6) and the solid shaft portion (30), which is an intermediate body of the solid shaft portion (24), is made of a material having a smaller deformation resistance during welding than the austenitic heat resistant steel (SUH36).
中空軸部（29）の溶接前の形状は、第２図に示す中空
軸部（26）と同一とし、特に上端面（29）は中心軸線
（Ｌ）と直交する平面とし、充実軸部（30）の形状は、
下端面（30）が中心軸線（Ｌ）と直交する平面をなす短
寸の丸棒状としておく。The shape of the hollow shaft portion (29) before welding is the same as that of the hollow shaft portion (26) shown in FIG. 2, and particularly the upper end surface (29) is a plane orthogonal to the central axis (L), and the solid shaft portion (29) is 30) The shape is
The lower end surface (30) is formed in a short round bar shape that forms a plane orthogonal to the central axis (L).
中空軸部（29）を適宜の治具（図示略）により固定し
た状態で、充実軸部（30）を、中空軸部（29）と同心状
として、かつ高速回転させつつ押し付ける。With the hollow shaft portion (29) fixed with an appropriate jig (not shown), the solid shaft portion (30) is pressed concentrically with the hollow shaft portion (29) while rotating at high speed.
すると、充実軸部（30）の下端部が中空軸部（29）の
上端と接触し、そのときの摩擦熱により、それらの接触
面が局部的に溶融する。Then, the lower end portion of the solid shaft portion (30) comes into contact with the upper end of the hollow shaft portion (29), and their contact surfaces are locally melted by frictional heat at that time.
このとき、充実軸部（30）側の材料は、中空軸部（2
9）側の材料より溶接時の変形抵抗が小さいので、充実
軸部（30）側の変形量が大となり、充実軸部（30）を予
め定めておいた距離だけ押し進めて、充実軸部（30）の
回転を急停止したときには、中空軸部（29）と充実軸部
（30）とは、第１図示のものと同様のテーパ状の接合面
（25）をもって溶着される。At this time, the material on the side of the solid shaft (30) is the hollow shaft (2
Since the deformation resistance during welding is smaller than that of the material on the 9) side, the amount of deformation on the solid shaft (30) side becomes large, and the solid shaft (30) is pushed forward by a predetermined distance to When the rotation of 30) is suddenly stopped, the hollow shaft portion (29) and the solid shaft portion (30) are welded together with a tapered joint surface (25) similar to that shown in the first illustration.
この接合面（25）の中心軸線（Ｌ）に対する角度（θ
１）（θ２）は、上記変形抵抗の差と、その他の溶接条
件に基づいて定まる。The angle (θ) of the joint surface (25) with respect to the center axis (L)
1 ) (θ 2 ) is determined based on the difference in the deformation resistance and other welding conditions.
また、溶接時に、両軸部（29）（30）の外周に溶接ば
り（31）が形成されるので、溶接後、この溶接ばり（3
1）を機械加工により削除し、かつ充実軸部（30）に、
環状溝（30b）及び、面取り（30c）切削加工すると、第
１図示のものと同一の中空弁が形成される。Also, during welding, a welding beam (31) is formed on the outer periphery of both shaft portions (29) and (30).
1) is removed by machining and the solid shaft (30) is
When the annular groove (30b) and the chamfer (30c) are cut, the same hollow valve as that shown in FIG. 1 is formed.
この製造方法によると、中空軸部（29）と充実軸部
（30）との材質を、充実軸部（30）の方が中空軸部（2
9）より溶接時の変形抵抗が小となるように選択するだ
けで、接合面（25）にテーパ部を簡単に形成することが
でき、かつ溶接時に、変形抵抗が大きい中空軸部（29）
がそれより変形抵抗が小さい充実軸部（29）に押し進め
られるので、中空部（23）内に溶接ばりが生じるおそれ
は少ない。According to this manufacturing method, the material of the hollow shaft part (29) and the solid shaft part (30) is changed so that the solid shaft part (30) is made of the hollow shaft part (2).
9) A hollow shaft part (29) that can easily form a tapered portion on the joint surface (25) and has a large deformation resistance during welding simply by selecting so that the deformation resistance during welding is smaller.
However, since it is pushed into the solid shaft portion (29) having a smaller deformation resistance, there is little possibility that a welding beam is generated in the hollow portion (23).
その他の実施要領は、第２図及び第３図に示すものと
同一でよいので、それらについての詳細な説明は省略す
る。Other points of implementation may be the same as those shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
本発明の内燃機関用中空弁によると、中空軸部と充実
軸部との接合面の少なくとも一部を、傘部から離れる方
向に向かって拡開するテーパ状としたことにより、接合
面の面積を大として、溶接強度を増大させることがで
き、また、万一この接合面に溶接欠陥が生じたとして
も、亀裂は軸部の中心軸線と直交する方向には向くこと
はなく、それに対して傾斜する方向を向くので、軸部の
強度を大とすることができる。According to the hollow valve for an internal combustion engine of the present invention, at least a part of the joint surface between the hollow shaft portion and the solid shaft portion is formed into a tapered shape that widens in the direction away from the umbrella portion. As a result, the welding strength can be increased, and even if a welding defect occurs in this joint surface, the crack does not face in the direction perpendicular to the center axis of the shaft portion, whereas Since it is oriented in the inclined direction, the strength of the shaft portion can be increased.
本発明の内燃機関用中空弁の製造方法によると、上記
構造の中空弁を、特殊な加工を施すことなく簡単に製造
できるとともに、中空部内に溶接ばりが生じるおそれは
少なくなり、製造された中空弁の軸部の強度を向上させ
ることができる。According to the method for manufacturing a hollow valve for an internal combustion engine of the present invention, the hollow valve having the above-described structure can be easily manufactured without performing special processing, and the possibility that welding burrs are generated in the hollow portion is reduced. The strength of the valve shaft can be improved.
第１図は、請求項（１）記載の内燃機関用中空弁の一実
施例の中央縦断正面図、 第２図は、請求項（７）記載の中空弁の製造方法の一実
施要領を示すもので、中空軸部と充実軸部とを溶接する
前の状態を示す中央縦断正面図、 第３図は、同じく溶接時の状態を示す要部の中央縦断正
面図、 第４図は、請求項（８）記載の中空弁の製造方法の一実
施要領を示すもので、中空軸部と充実軸部とを溶接する
前の状態を示す要部の中央縦断正面図、 第５図は、同じく溶接時の状態を示す要部の中央縦断正
面図、 第６図は、第１従来例の溶接時の状態を示す中央縦断正
面図、 第７図は、第２従来例の溶接時の状態を示す中央縦断正
面図、 第８図は、第３従来例の溶接時の状態を示す中央縦断正
面図、 第９図は、第４従来例の溶接時の状態を示す中央縦断正
面図である。 （21）傘部、（21a）弁フェース部 （22）（26）（29）中空軸部、（23）中空部 （24）（27）（30）充実軸部、（24a）端面 （24b）（27b）（30b）環状溝、（24c）（27c）（30c）
面取り （25）接合面、（25a）（25b）テーパ部 （25c）湾曲面、（27a）テーパ部 （28）（31）溶接ばり、（29a）上端面 （30a）下端面 （Ｌ）中心軸線、（θ１）（θ２）角度FIG. 1 is a central longitudinal sectional front view of an embodiment of a hollow valve for an internal combustion engine according to claim (1), and FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a method for manufacturing a hollow valve according to claim (7). In the center longitudinal sectional front view showing the state before welding the hollow shaft portion and the solid shaft portion, FIG. 3 is a central longitudinal front view of the main portion showing the state at the time of welding, and FIG. FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the method for manufacturing a hollow valve according to the item (8), showing a central longitudinal sectional front view of the main part showing a state before welding the hollow shaft part and the solid shaft part, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a central longitudinal sectional front view showing a state of welding of a first conventional example, and FIG. 7 is a central longitudinal sectional front view showing a state of welding of a first conventional example. FIG. 8 is a central longitudinal sectional front view showing the state of the third conventional example at the time of welding, and FIG. 9 is a middle longitudinal sectional view showing the state of the fourth conventional example at the time of welding. It is a longitudinal front view. (21) Umbrella part, (21a) Valve face part (22) (26) (29) Hollow shaft part, (23) Hollow part (24) (27) (30) Solid shaft part, (24a) End face (24b) (27b) (30b) annular groove, (24c) (27c) (30c)
Chamfering (25) Joining surface, (25a) (25b) Tapered portion (25c) Curved surface, (27a) Tapered portion (28) (31) Welding beam, (29a) Upper end surface (30a) Lower end surface (L) Center axis , (Θ 1 ) (θ 2 ) angle
Claims (8)
が開口する端部に、充実軸部を同心として接合すること
により、前記中空部を閉塞してなる内燃機関用中空弁に
おいて、前記中空軸部の端部と充実軸部の端部との接合
面の少なくとも一部を、前記傘部から離れる方向に向か
って拡開するテーパ状としたことを特徴とする内燃機関
用中空弁。1. A hollow valve for an internal combustion engine, wherein a hollow shaft is closed by joining a solid shaft concentrically to an end of the hollow shaft of the hollow shaft connected to the umbrella. A hollow for an internal combustion engine, characterized in that at least a part of a joint surface between the end of the hollow shaft portion and the end of the solid shaft portion is tapered so as to widen in a direction away from the umbrella portion. valve.
よりなる請求項（１）記載の内燃機関用中空弁。2. The hollow valve for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the hollow shaft portion and the solid shaft portion are made of the same material.
り、かつ中空軸部がオーステナイト系鋼材よりなる請求
項（１）記載の内燃機関用中空弁。3. The hollow valve for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the solid shaft portion is made of a steel material that can be hardened and hardened, and the hollow shaft portion is made of an austenitic steel material.
り、かつ中空軸部がニッケル基合金よりなる請求項
（１）記載の内燃機関用中空弁。4. The hollow valve for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the solid shaft portion is made of a steel material which can be hardened and hardened, and the hollow shaft portion is made of a nickel-based alloy.
能な材料よりなり、かつ充実軸部の軸端側に、焼入れ硬
化可能な鋼材を溶接してなる請求項（１）又は（２）記
載の内燃機関用中空弁。5. The solid shaft portion and the hollow shaft portion are made of a material that cannot be hardened and hardened, and a hardenable hardened steel material is welded to a shaft end of the solid shaft portion. The hollow valve for an internal combustion engine according to (2).
抗が小さい材料よりなる請求項（１）記載の内燃機関用
中空弁。6. The hollow valve for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the solid shaft portion is made of a material having a smaller resistance to deformation during welding than the hollow shaft portion.
ようとする中空軸部における中空部が開口する他方の端
部と、これに接合しようとする充実軸部の端部との少な
くともいずれか一方に、前記傘部から離れる方向に向か
って拡開するテーパ部を形成しておき、前記中空軸部と
充実軸部とを互いに同心として、対向する端部同士を溶
接することにより、前記中空軸部と充実軸部との接合面
の少なくとも一部に、傘部から離れる方向に向かって拡
開するテーパ部を形成することを特徴とする内燃機関用
中空弁の製造方法。7. An end portion of a solid shaft portion to be joined to the other end portion of the hollow shaft portion in which the umbrella portion is formed or is about to be formed, and the hollow portion of the hollow shaft portion is open. By forming a tapered portion that expands in a direction away from the umbrella portion on at least one of them, the hollow shaft portion and the solid shaft portion are concentric with each other, and by welding the opposite end portions to each other. A method for manufacturing a hollow valve for an internal combustion engine, comprising forming a tapered portion that widens in a direction away from the umbrella portion on at least a part of a joint surface between the hollow shaft portion and the solid shaft portion.
ようとする中空軸部における中空部が開口する端部と、
前記中空軸部より溶接時の変形抵抗が小さい材料よりな
る充実軸部の端部とを、前記中空軸部と充実軸部とを同
心として、かつそのいずれか一方を高速回転させつつ、
互いに摩擦圧接することにより、前記中空軸部と充実軸
部との接合面の少なくとも一部に、前記傘部から離れる
方向に向かって拡開するテーパ部を形成することを特徴
とする内燃機関用中空弁の製造方法。8. An end portion of a hollow shaft portion having an umbrella portion formed or to be formed at one end portion, wherein the hollow portion is open;
While the hollow shaft portion and the end of the solid shaft portion made of a material having a small deformation resistance at the time of welding, the hollow shaft portion and the solid shaft portion are concentric, and while either one of them is rotated at high speed,
An internal combustion engine characterized in that a taper portion that widens in a direction away from the umbrella portion is formed on at least a part of a joint surface between the hollow shaft portion and the solid shaft portion by frictionally pressing each other. Manufacturing method of hollow valve.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21412189A JP2668035B2 (en) | 1989-08-22 | 1989-08-22 | Hollow valve for internal combustion engine and method of manufacturing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21412189A JP2668035B2 (en) | 1989-08-22 | 1989-08-22 | Hollow valve for internal combustion engine and method of manufacturing the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0378508A JPH0378508A (en) | 1991-04-03 |
| JP2668035B2 true JP2668035B2 (en) | 1997-10-27 |
Family
ID=16650573
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21412189A Expired - Lifetime JP2668035B2 (en) | 1989-08-22 | 1989-08-22 | Hollow valve for internal combustion engine and method of manufacturing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2668035B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10031927A1 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-24 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Multi-part valve, for an IC motor, has a lightweight valve head bonded to a lightweight valve shaft by friction welding using low-cost components giving high thermal and mechanical resistance |
| JP2007032465A (en) * | 2005-07-28 | 2007-02-08 | Nippon Steel Corp | Lightweight engine valve superior in heat radiation |
| JP5031450B2 (en) * | 2007-06-12 | 2012-09-19 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Composite piezoelectric material, ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic endoscope, and ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus |
| US8991353B2 (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2015-03-31 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Valve system |
-
1989
- 1989-08-22 JP JP21412189A patent/JP2668035B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0378508A (en) | 1991-04-03 |
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