JP2657891B2 - Lightweight mortar decorative material, lightweight mortar decorative body such as decorative mortar board, lightweight mortar decorative layer formed on surface of building frame, etc., and method of forming lightweight mortar decorative layer on surface of building frame, etc. - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a lightweight mortar decorative material,
And a lightweight mortar decorative layer such as a decorative mortar decorative board, a lightweight mortar decorative layer formed on the surface of a building frame, and a method of forming the lightweight mortar decorative layer on the surface of a building frame, particularly natural stone A lightweight mortar decorative material that can achieve a decorative (aesthetic) effect by obtaining a material texture of, and that can be simplified by significantly reducing the weight compared to a conventional decorative board, and a lightweight. The present invention relates to a lightweight mortar decorative body such as a decorative mortar board, a lightweight mortar decorative layer formed on the surface of a building frame, and a method of forming a lightweight mortar decorative layer on the surface of a building frame.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a decorative plate formed on the surface of a building body or the like of a building has a remarkably large specific gravity and is fixed via a hook or other locking means. There is a problem that not only the work is poor, but also the cost is high.

Another problem is that the conventional mortar layer formed on the surface of a building body or the like has a large specific gravity, which makes the work complicated and requires a large number of steps, resulting in poor work.

Further, conventional mortars are composed of cement, river sand and water, and the problems such as cracks and floating are liable to occur due to the small particle size of the river sand and the difficulty in securing high quality river sand due to the prohibition of sampling. There was a problem.

In addition, there is a problem that the conventional mortar has a high durability due to high water absorption.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems by adopting the following constitution. That is, (1) a decorative (aesthetic) effect can be exerted by obtaining a natural stone-like material feeling, and the work can be simplified by significantly reducing the weight as compared with a conventional decorative board. (2) Improve the operation rate by simplifying the work and reducing the number of steps by forming a lightweight mortar decorative layer of a predetermined thickness that is significantly lighter than the conventional decorative panel. Make a contribution. (3) By using a synthetic resin as a main agent and using a special lightweight aggregate together with cement as a hardening material, shrinkage due to hardening due to an ideal particle size distribution and a remarkable reduction in water absorption. Decrease and "doka"
In addition, it contributes to the prevention of the occurrence of floating and cracks unique to mortar, and also improves the performance that is useful for improving the durability of buildings such as adhesive strength, waterproofness, heat insulation, and fire resistance,
Furthermore, it contributes to the suppression of these performance deterioration phenomena due to the temporal change after construction.

[0007]

According to the present invention, an SBR-based synthetic resin as a main ingredient is contained in an amount of 2% by weight.
８8% by weight, cement as a hardening agent is 20% by weight３3
5% by weight, of special lightweight aggregate as hardening material, Shirasu balloon fine powder is 10% to 30% by weight, of special lightweight aggregate as hardening material, Shirasu balloon is 7% to 2% by weight.
A lightweight mortar decorative material formed by kneading 5% by weight, 2% by weight to 10% by weight of a seed as a decorative material, and 25% by weight to 45% by weight of water;
2% to 8% by weight of an SBR synthetic resin as a main agent, 20% to 35% by weight of a cement as a hardening material, and fine shirasu balloon powder among special lightweight aggregates as a hardening material, 10% to 30% by weight, of the special lightweight aggregate which is a hardening material, 7% to 25% by weight of shirasu balloon, 2% to 10% by weight of a seed which is a cosmetic material, and water , 25% by weight to 45% by weight, and a lightweight mortar decorative material formed by kneading is poured into a mold to form a predetermined shape such as a plate, and the surface thereof is removed with a sander or the like, A light-weight mortar decorative body, such as a light-weight mortar decorative board, characterized in that a concave portion is formed on the surface and the above-mentioned decorative material is exposed on the surface to form a natural stone, and SB as a main agent
The R-based synthetic resin is 2% by weight to 8% by weight, the cement as a hardening material is 20% to 35% by weight, and among the special lightweight aggregate as a hardening material, the fine powder of shirasu balloon is 10% by weight or more.
30% by weight, 7% to 25% by weight of shirasu balloon, 2% to 10% by weight of seed material, and 25% by weight of water ４５45% by weight, and a lightweight mortar decorative material formed by kneading is formed into a partition by applying a joint rod having a predetermined width on a surface of a building body or the like to a predetermined width and applying a predetermined thickness. And removing the surface with a sander or the like to form a concave portion on the surface and forming the decorative material on the surface to form a natural stone and form the surface on the surface of a building body or the like of a building. Lightweight mortar decorative layer, first, SBR synthetic resin as a main agent is 2 to 8% by weight, cement as a hardening material is 20 to 35% by weight, and special lightweight aggregate as a hardening material. , Shirasu balloon fine powder is 10% by weight to 30% by weight, Among the special lightweight aggregate, Shirasu balloon grains, 7 wt% to 25 wt%, is certain stones in decorative material, 2
Weight% to 10% by weight, water is kneaded with 25% to 45% by weight to form a lightweight mortar decorative material,
Next, using a coating means such as a plastering iron, the lightweight mortar decorative material is installed on the surface of the building body or the like with a predetermined width on a surface of the building body or the like to a predetermined thickness by using an application means such as a plaster iron. The light-weight mortar decorative layer is formed in sections by applying, and then the surface of the light-weight mortar decorative layer is removed with a sander or the like to form a concave portion on the surface of the light-weight mortar decorative layer, By expressing on the surface and making it a natural stone shape,
Forming a lightweight mortar decorative layer on the surface of a building frame or the like characterized by forming a lightweight mortar decorative layer of a predetermined thickness integral with the building frame or the like on the surface of the building frame or the like. This is achieved by providing a method.

[0008]

According to the present invention, the following effects are obtained.

That is, according to the present invention, a natural stone-like texture can be obtained, and the work can be simplified by remarkably reducing the weight as compared with the conventional stone, and at the same time, the surface of the building body or the like can be improved. (1) The size and distribution of a large number of recesses formed on the surface of the lightweight mortar decorative layer, and the color of the seed stone, which is a decorative material that appears on the surface. And the distribution are formed at random, so that a natural stone-like material feeling can be obtained, whereby a decorative (aesthetic) effect is exhibited. (2) The work is simplified and the number of man-hours is reduced in order to significantly reduce the weight compared to the conventional stone,
The operation rate improves. (3) Because the aggregate mixed with cement as a hardening material is a special lightweight aggregate, the particle size distribution becomes ideal,
Shrinkage due to hardening is reduced, and floating and cracks peculiar to mortar are prevented. (4) Since a special lightweight aggregate is used as the hardening material, the thermal conductivity is about 1/10 of that of ordinary mortar, the heat insulating property is remarkably improved, and the dew condensation preventing effect is excellent. (5) Since a special lightweight aggregate is used as the hardening material, the bending strength and the adhesive strength are excellent, and the adhesive is strongly adhered to the surface of a building body or the like, and is excellent in waterproofness. (6) Since a synthetic resin is used as the main agent, a special lightweight aggregate is used together with cement as a hardening material, and these are mixed with water to form a lightweight mortar decorative material. The performance is improved, which is useful for improving the durability of buildings, such as adhesive strength, waterproofness, heat insulation, and fire resistance. In addition, these performance degradation phenomena due to aging after construction are suppressed as much as possible. You can do it.

[0010]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a lightweight mortar decorative material according to the present invention. Using the lightweight mortar decorative material, a lightweight mortar decorative layer is applied to the surface of a building or the like of a building made of concrete or the like. can do.

That is, first, a cement 3, a special lightweight aggregate 4, a seed stone 9 as a cosmetic material, a dispersant, a water retention agent, a super water reducing agent, and other mixed materials 8 are mixed to form a hardened material. .

Next, the lightening mortar decorative material 1 is formed by kneading the hardening material, the synthetic resin 2 as a main agent, and water 5.

As the synthetic resin 2 as the main agent, there is, for example, an SBR-based admixture or an equivalent thereof, which is excellent in adhesiveness, waterproofness, heat insulation and the like.

The special lightweight aggregate 4 which is a hardening material includes shirasu balloon fine powder 6 and shirasu balloon particles 7, which have a low specific gravity and are excellent in heat insulation and the like.

The Shirasu balloon fine powder 6 has a powder diameter of 1
A particle size distribution of about 0 to 400 microns is appropriate, and the Shirasu balloon particles 7 have a particle size of 0.3 to 2.5.
A particle size distribution on the order of millimeters is appropriate.

Further, the seed stone 9 as the above-mentioned decorative material has a pebble, a light specific gravity, and is excellent in decorativeness and the like.

The diameter of the gravel is suitably about 0.5 to 5 mm, and the kind of the color is not limited.

The mixing ratio of these materials is as follows: the synthetic resin 2 as the main agent is 2 to 8% by weight, the cement 3 as the hardening material is 20 to 35% by weight, and the special lightweight bone as the hardening material is used. Of the material 4, the shirasu balloon fine powder 6 is 10% by weight or more.
30% by weight, of the special lightweight aggregate 4 which is a hardening material, 7% to 25% by weight of shirasu balloon 7; 2% to 10% by weight of seed stone 9 which is a cosmetic material; , 25% by weight
~ 45% by weight is suitable.

For example, 4% by weight of a synthetic resin 2 as a main agent, 27% by weight of a cement 3 as a hardening material, and a special lightweight aggregate 4 as a hardening material.
15% by weight, 13% by weight of shirasu balloon 7; 5% by weight of seed stone 9 as a cosmetic material; 36% by weight of water 5;

The thus-formed lightweight mortar decorative material 1 has a specific gravity of about 0.5 to 0.9, which is smaller than the specific gravity of water 1, and is smaller than the specific gravity of ordinary mortar (= 2.0). It is extremely small, about 1/2 to 1/4, and has many excellent features.

Next, FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a lightweight mortar decorative body such as a lightweight mortar decorative board of the present invention, which can be formed by using the above lightweight mortar decorative material.

That is, as shown in FIG. 1, a lightweight mortar decorative board 11 which is a lightweight mortar decorative body is firstly provided in the same manner as in the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. A seed material 9 as a material, a dispersing agent, a water retention agent, a super water reducing agent, and other mixed materials 8 are mixed to form a hardened material, and then the hardened material, a synthetic resin 2 as a main agent, and water 5 Are kneaded to form the lightweight mortar decorative material 1.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 2, the lightweight mortar decorative material 1 is formed into a plate-shaped form P having a predetermined thickness.
And left to cure for a predetermined time to form a lightweight mortar board of a predetermined thickness, and by removing the surface with a sander or the like, as shown in FIG. By removing the special lightweight aggregate 4 (Shirasu balloon fine powder 6, Shirasu balloon particles 7), the size and distribution are randomly formed, and a large number of recesses 1 are formed.
0 is formed, and a seed stone 9 whose color and distribution appear at random appears, so that a decorative mortar decorative board 1 which is a plate-like lightweight mortar decorative body which can obtain a natural stone-like texture is obtained.
1 can be formed.

The lightweight mortar decorative body is not limited to the lightweight mortar decorative board 11, but may be a ceiling, a floor slab,
It is needless to say that a lightweight mortar decorative body having a predetermined shape used for walls, beams, columns, and the like can be obtained.

Next, FIGS. 3 and 4 show an embodiment of a lightweight mortar decorative layer formed on the surface of a building or the like of a building according to the present invention.

That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the lightweight mortar decorative layer M formed on the surface F of the building body C or the like, as shown in FIG. A light-weight aggregate 4, a seed stone 9 as a cosmetic material, and a dispersing agent, a water-retaining agent, a super-water-reducing agent, and other mixed materials 8 are mixed to form a hardening material. As shown in FIG. 4, the lightweight mortar decorative material 1 formed by kneading the resin 2 and the water 5 is provided with a joint rod having a predetermined width on a surface F of a building body C or the like. And by applying it to a predetermined thickness, it is formed in a partition shape, and the surface is removed with a sander or the like, as shown in FIG. By removing the material 4 (Shirasu balloon fine powder 6, Shirasu balloon particles 7), Shape and distribution are formed at random, and a large number of concave portions 10 are formed. At the same time, a seed stone 9 in which the color and distribution appear at random appears so as to obtain a natural stone-like texture. .

In this manner, as shown in FIG. 3, a large number of recesses 10 whose size and distribution are randomly formed on the surface and a seed stone 9 whose color and distribution are randomly expressed are formed. By appearing, a natural stone-like material feeling is obtained, and a lightweight mortar decorative layer M of a predetermined thickness integrated with the building body C of the building can be formed on the surface F of the building body C of the building. I can do it.

In the lightweight mortar decorative layer M thus formed, the size and distribution of a large number of concave portions formed on the surface and the color and distribution of the seed material, which is a decorative material appearing on the surface, are random. Thus, a natural stone-like material feeling can be obtained, and thereby a decorative (aesthetic) effect is exhibited.

The lightweight mortar decorative layer M has a specific gravity of about 0.5 to 0.9, which is smaller than a specific gravity of water of 1, and is significantly reduced in weight as compared with a conventional stone, thereby improving the operation rate. In addition, it has many excellent characteristics such as prevention of the occurrence of floating and cracks, an excellent dew condensation preventing effect, and an excellent adhesive strength.

Next, FIGS. 3 and 4 show one embodiment of the method of forming a lightweight mortar decorative layer on the surface of a building or the like of a building according to the present invention.

That is, the first step In forming a lightweight mortar decorative layer on the surface of a building or the like of a building, first, as shown well in FIG.
First, in the same manner as in the previous embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 as well, cement 3, special lightweight aggregate 4, seed stone 9 as a cosmetic material, dispersant, water retention agent, super water reducing agent, The other mixed material 8 is mixed to form a hardened material.

Next, the hardening material, the synthetic resin 2 as a main agent, and water 5 are kneaded to form a lightweight mortar decorative material 1.

Second Step Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 4, joint bars are set at a predetermined width on the surface F of the building body C or the like of the building, and are applied using a coating means such as a plastering iron. By continuously applying the lightweight mortar decorative material 1 having a predetermined thickness, the building body C or the like of the building and the lightweight mortar decorative layer M are bonded to each other, and as shown in FIG. A light-weight mortar decorative layer M having a predetermined thickness integrated with the skeleton C is applied to the surface F of the skeleton C of the building.
It is formed in a partition shape.

Third Step Further, by removing the surface of the lightweight mortar decorative layer M with a sander or the like, as shown in FIG.
A special lightweight aggregate 4 (Shirasu balloon fine powder 6,
By removing the shirasu balloon particles 7), the size and distribution are randomly formed, a large number of recesses 10 are formed, and the seed stone 9 in which the color and distribution are expressed at random appears, and natural It is formed so as to obtain a stone-like texture.

In this manner, as is well shown in FIG. 3, a large number of recesses 10 whose size and distribution are randomly formed on the surface and a seed stone 9 whose color and distribution are randomly expressed are formed. By appearing, a natural stone-like material feeling is obtained, and a lightweight mortar decorative layer M of a predetermined thickness integrated with the building body C of the building is formed in a partitioned shape on the surface F of the building body C of the building. You can do it.

At this time, it is appropriate to carry out sheet curing when exposed to strong winds or direct sunlight where rapid drying is expected.

In the lightweight mortar decorative layer M thus formed, the size and distribution of the large number of concave portions formed on the surface and the color and distribution of the seed stone as a decorative material appearing on the surface are random. Thus, a natural stone-like material feeling can be obtained, and thereby a decorative (aesthetic) effect is exhibited.

The lightweight mortar decorative layer M has a specific gravity of about 0.5 to 0.9, which is smaller than a specific gravity of water of 1, and is markedly reduced in weight as compared with the conventional stone, so that the operation rate is improved. In addition, it has many excellent characteristics such as prevention of the occurrence of floating and cracks, an excellent dew condensation preventing effect, and an excellent adhesive strength.

Next, a lightweight mortar decorative material according to the present embodiment, a lightweight mortar decorative body such as a lightweight mortar decorative board,
Lightweight mortar decorative layer formed on the surface of the building frame, etc.
The effect of the method for forming a lightweight mortar decorative layer on the surface of a building body or the like will be described.

As described above, according to the present invention, a natural stone-like texture can be obtained, and the work can be simplified by remarkably reducing the weight compared with the conventional stone. (1) The size and distribution of a large number of recesses formed on the surface of the lightweight mortar decorative layer, and the seed stone, which is a decorative material that appears on the surface, Since the color and the distribution are formed at random, a natural stone-like material feeling can be obtained, and a decorative (aesthetic) effect is exhibited. (2) Since the weight is significantly reduced as compared with the conventional stone, the operation rate is improved by simplifying the operation and reducing the number of steps. (3) Because the aggregate mixed with cement as a hardening material is a special lightweight aggregate, the particle size distribution becomes ideal,
Shrinkage due to hardening is reduced, and floating and cracks peculiar to mortar are prevented. (4) Since a special lightweight aggregate is used as the hardening material, the thermal conductivity is about 1/10 of that of ordinary mortar, the heat insulating property is remarkably improved, and the dew condensation preventing effect is excellent. (5) Since a special lightweight aggregate is used as the hardening material, the bending strength and the adhesive strength are excellent, and the adhesive is strongly adhered to the surface of a building body or the like, and is excellent in waterproofness. (6) Since a synthetic resin is used as the main agent, a special lightweight aggregate is used together with cement as a hardening material, and these are mixed with water to form a lightweight mortar decorative material. The performance is improved, which is useful for improving the durability of buildings, such as adhesive strength, waterproofness, heat insulation, and fire resistance. In addition, these performance degradation phenomena due to aging after construction are suppressed as much as possible. You can do it.

The lightweight mortar decorative material of the present invention, a lightweight mortar decorative body such as a lightweight mortar decorative board, a lightweight mortar decorative layer formed on the surface of a building frame, etc., and a lightweight mortar decorative layer formed on the surface of a building frame, etc. The method of forming the decorative mortar layer is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and many variations are conceivable.

[0043]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a natural stone-like material feeling and to simplify the work by remarkably reducing the weight as compared with the conventional stone material, and to improve the structure of the building. And (1) the size and distribution of a large number of recesses formed on the surface of the lightweight mortar decorative layer, and the type of decorative material that appears on the surface. Since the color and the distribution of the stones are randomly formed, a natural stone-like material feeling can be obtained, which has an advantage that a decorative (aesthetic) effect is exhibited. (2) Since the weight is significantly reduced as compared with the conventional stone, there is an advantage that the operation rate is improved by simplifying the operation and reducing the number of steps. (3) Because the aggregate mixed with cement as a hardening material is a special lightweight aggregate, the particle size distribution becomes ideal,
There is an advantage that shrinkage due to hardening is reduced, and the occurrence of floating and cracks specific to mortar is prevented. (4) Since a special lightweight aggregate is used as the hardening material, the heat conductivity is about 1/10 of that of ordinary mortar, the heat insulating property is significantly improved, and there is an advantage that the dew condensation preventing effect is excellent. (5) The use of special lightweight aggregate as the hardening material has the advantage of being excellent in bending strength and adhesive strength, and being strongly bonded to the surface of the building body and the like, and having excellent waterproofness. is there. (6) Since a synthetic resin is used as the main agent, a special lightweight aggregate is used together with cement as a hardening material, and these are mixed with water to form a lightweight mortar decorative material. The performance is improved, which is useful for improving the durability of buildings, such as adhesive strength, waterproofness, heat insulation, and fire resistance. In addition, these performance degradation phenomena due to aging after construction are suppressed as much as possible. There is an advantage that can be done.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a method for forming a lightweight mortar decorative material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a method of forming a lightweight mortar decorative board which is one embodiment of the lightweight mortar decorative body according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a lightweight mortar decorative layer formed on a surface of a building or the like of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a building body or the like in a method of forming a lightweight mortar decorative layer on a surface of a building body or the like of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lightweight mortar decorative material 2 Synthetic resin which is a main agent 3 Cement which is a hardening material 4 Special lightweight aggregate which is a hardening material 5 Water 6 Shirasu balloon fine powder 7 Shirasu balloon particles 8 Other mixed materials 9 Seed stone (cosmetic material) 10 Concave portion 11 Lightweight mortar decorative board (lightweight mortar decorative body) M Lightweight mortar decorative layer C Building frame etc. F Building frame etc. P Formwork

Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Reference number in the agency FI Technical display location C04B 41/72 C04B 41/72 // (C04B 28/02 24:26 14:16 14:02) 103: 60 111: 72 (54) [Title of the Invention] Lightweight mortar decorative material, lightweight mortar decorative body such as decorative mortar board, lightweight mortar decorative layer formed on the surface of building skeleton, building skeleton of building, etc. Method of forming lightweight mortar decorative layer on surface

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. An SBR-based synthetic resin as a main agent is used in an amount of 2 to 8% by weight, and a cement as a hardener is used in an amount of 20% by weight or more.
35% by weight, of the special lightweight aggregate as a hardening material, Shirasu balloon fine powder is 10% by weight to 30% by weight, and of the special lightweight aggregate as a hardening material, 7% by weight of a Shirasu balloon particle is
A lightweight mortar decorative material formed by kneading 25% by weight, 2% to 10% by weight of a seed stone as a decorative material, and 25% to 45% by weight of water. 2. The SBR-based synthetic resin as a main agent is 2% by weight to 8% by weight, and the cement as a hardener is 20% by weight or more.
35% by weight, of the special lightweight aggregate as a hardening material, Shirasu balloon fine powder is 10% by weight to 30% by weight, and of the special lightweight aggregate as a hardening material, 7% by weight of a Shirasu balloon particle is
A lightweight mortar decorative material formed by kneading 25% by weight, 2% by weight to 10% by weight of a seed as a decorative material, and 25% by weight to 45% by weight of water is poured into a mold. It is formed in a predetermined shape such as a plate shape, and its surface is removed with a sander or the like to form a concave portion on the surface, and the decorative material is exposed on the surface to have a natural stone shape. Lightweight mortar cosmetics such as mortar decorative boards. 3. The SBR-based synthetic resin as a main agent is contained in an amount of 2 to 8% by weight, and the cement as a hardening agent is contained in an amount of 20% by weight to 20% by weight.
35% by weight, of the special lightweight aggregate as a hardening material, Shirasu balloon fine powder is 10% by weight to 30% by weight, and of the special lightweight aggregate as a hardening material, 7% by weight of a Shirasu balloon particle is
A lightweight mortar decorative material formed by kneading 25% by weight, 2% by weight to 10% by weight of a seed, which is a decorative material, and 25% by weight to 45% by weight of water, is used to build a building body or the like. A joint rod is installed in a predetermined width on the surface of the member and formed into a partition by applying a predetermined thickness, and the surface is removed with a sander or the like to form a concave portion on the surface, and the cosmetic material is formed. A lightweight mortar decorative layer formed on the surface of a building frame, etc., which is exposed on the surface and has a natural stone shape. First, an SBR synthetic resin as a main agent is
2% to 8% by weight, cement as a hardening material, 20% to 35% by weight, of special lightweight aggregate as a hardening material, fine shirasu balloon powder, 10% to 30% by weight, hardening material Among the special lightweight aggregates, 7% to 25% by weight of shirasu balloon particles and 2% by weight to 1% of a seed stone as a cosmetic material
0% by weight and 25% by weight to 45% by weight of water are kneaded to form a lightweight mortar decorative material, and then the lightweight mortar decorative material is applied to the surface of a building body or the like by a plastering iron. By using a coating means such as, a joint rod is installed at a predetermined width on the surface of a building or the like of a building and applied to a predetermined thickness to form a lightweight mortar decorative layer in a partitioned shape, and then, the lightweight mortar The surface of the decorative layer is removed with a sander or the like to form a concave portion on the surface of the lightweight mortar decorative layer, and the decorative material is exposed to the surface to form a natural stone, thereby integrating with the building body of the building. Forming a light-weight mortar decorative layer having a predetermined thickness on the surface of a building or the like of the building.