JP2646542B2 - Tin-plated steel sheet excellent in red rust resistance and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Tin-plated steel sheet excellent in red rust resistance and method for producing the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JP2646542B2 JP2646542B2 JP62031539A JP3153987A JP2646542B2 JP 2646542 B2 JP2646542 B2 JP 2646542B2 JP 62031539 A JP62031539 A JP 62031539A JP 3153987 A JP3153987 A JP 3153987A JP 2646542 B2 JP2646542 B2 JP 2646542B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tin
- steel sheet
- nickel
- plated steel
- red rust
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 「発明の目的」 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は、耐赤錆性に優れた錫めっき鋼板およびその
製造法に関するものである。The present invention relates to a tin-plated steel sheet excellent in red rust resistance and a method for producing the same.
（従来の技術） 通常、錫めっき鋼板は、原板の脱脂、酸洗等の前処理
を行った後、錫めっきが施され、次いで電気的な加熱に
よるリフロー処理を施すことにより、錫めっき特有の金
属光沢を有する製品となるが、塗料の密着性、耐食性を
より向上せしめるために、クロメート処理液による陰極
処理が施されるのが普通である。(Prior art) Normally, a tin-plated steel sheet is subjected to a pretreatment such as degreasing or pickling of an original sheet, and then subjected to tin plating, and then subjected to a reflow treatment by electric heating to obtain a tin-plated steel sheet. The product has a metallic luster, but is usually subjected to a cathodic treatment with a chromate treatment solution in order to further improve the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the paint.
即ちこのような従来の錫めっき鋼板における被膜の断
面構造は第２図に示す如くで、それなりの凹凸を有する
鉄地５上に錫層３が鉄地５の表面凹部を充填した状態に
形成され、このような錫層３上にクロムオキサイドを主
体とした被覆層６として形成され、鉄地５と錫層３との
間には鉄錫合金層４が形成され、また錫層３とクロムオ
キサイドを主体とした被覆層６との間には適宜に酸化錫
を主体とした層２が形成されているが、前記したような
鉄地５の凸部はそれなりに前記層２や被覆層６から突出
して鋼板表面に露出しているものである。That is, the cross-sectional structure of the coating in such a conventional tin-plated steel sheet is as shown in FIG. 2, and the tin layer 3 is formed on the iron base 5 having a certain unevenness in a state where the surface recesses of the iron base 5 are filled. A chromium oxide-based coating layer 6 is formed on the tin layer 3, an iron-tin alloy layer 4 is formed between the iron base 5 and the tin layer 3, and the tin layer 3 and the chromium oxide The layer 2 mainly composed of tin oxide is appropriately formed between the layer 2 and the coating layer 6 mainly composed of tin. It protrudes and is exposed on the steel sheet surface.
しかし、このクロメート処理液による陰極処理、例え
ば＃311処理等の場合には、クロムオキサイドが均一に
付着せず局所的に偏在して析出することが知られている
（東洋鋼板、23、1976/77、P17〜28）。更に、缶蓋用錫
めっき鋼板等の場合は外観が重視されることから、無塗
装で使用されることがあるが、めっき表面の粗さの大き
い、凹凸の激しい板を使用する場合には、前記した第２
図のように鋼板の表面が完全に錫で被覆されていない場
合もあり、例えば缶詰製造時におけるレトルト殺菌処理
の際、水滴が付着することにより赤錆の発生を看ること
がある。又、缶詰用錫めっき鋼板の場合は、前述のレト
ルト処理以外でも、例えば夏季の高温多湿の場合には、
シート状に重ねたままで、輸送中もしくは貯蔵中に赤錆
を発生することがある。一方、化成処理皮膜量の増大に
より赤錆の発生をおさえる方法も検討されているが、例
えば前述の＃311処理の場合には、赤錆の発生は少なく
なるが、ケミカルステインと呼ぶ表面欠陥が生ずること
が知られている。そこで最近は特に缶蓋外面用等には、
赤錆防止のために錫めっき量を増加する傾向にあるが、
これは高価な錫の使用量を増大せしめることになり好ま
しいことではない。However, in the case of a cathode treatment with this chromate treatment solution, for example, # 311 treatment, it is known that chromium oxide does not adhere uniformly and precipitates locally unevenly (Toyo Steel, 23, 1976 / 77, p17-28). Furthermore, in the case of tin-plated steel sheets for can lids, etc., the appearance is important, so they may be used without painting.However, when using a plate with a large roughness of the plating surface and severe unevenness, The second mentioned above
As shown in the figure, the surface of the steel sheet may not be completely covered with tin. For example, in the case of retort sterilization at the time of canning production, generation of red rust may be observed due to adhesion of water droplets. In addition, in the case of tinned steel sheets for canning, other than the above-described retort treatment, for example, in the case of high temperature and humidity in summer,
Red rust may occur during transportation or storage with the sheets stacked. On the other hand, a method of suppressing the generation of red rust by increasing the amount of the chemical conversion coating is also being studied. For example, in the case of the above-mentioned # 311 treatment, the generation of red rust is reduced, but a surface defect called chemical stain may occur. It has been known. So recently, especially for the outer surface of a can lid,
There is a tendency to increase the amount of tin plating to prevent red rust,
This increases the amount of expensive tin used, which is not preferable.
（発明が解決しようとする問題点） 本発明は、上述したような錫めっき鋼板の現状に鑑み
創案されたものであり、錫めっき量を増大せしめること
なく、赤錆発生を防止するためにクロメート処理の際
に、少量のニッケルイオンを添加すると共にホウ酸を含
有させることにより特定且つ単層の被覆層を形成し、耐
赤錆性に優れた錫めっき鋼板を得ると共に効率的な該鋼
板の製造方法を提供することを目的とするものである。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention has been made in view of the current situation of the tin-plated steel sheet as described above, and has a chromate treatment for preventing the generation of red rust without increasing the amount of tin plating. In this case, a specific and single-layered coating layer is formed by adding a small amount of nickel ions and boric acid to obtain a tin-plated steel sheet having excellent red rust resistance and an efficient method for producing the steel sheet. The purpose is to provide.
「発明の構成」 （問題点を解決する手段） 前述の目的を達成するために、本発明者等は、 （１） 2.8g/m2以上の錫めっき層上に、ニッケルとク
ロムオキサイドが混在した単層の被覆層を有し、且つ該
被覆層中のニッケル含有量が片面当り１〜30mg/m2であ
ることを特徴とする耐赤錆性に優れた錫めっき鋼板。"Constitution of the Invention" (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors have set forth that (1) nickel and chromium oxide are mixed on a tin plating layer of 2.8 g / m 2 or more. A tin-plated steel sheet having excellent red rust resistance, characterized by having a single coating layer formed as described above, and having a nickel content in the coating layer of 1 to 30 mg / m 2 per side.
（２） 鋼板に錫めっきをした後、リフロー処理を施
し、次いでニッケルイオンを含むと共にホウ酸５〜50g/
を含有したクロメート処理液を用いて陰極電解を行な
い前記錫めっき面にニッケルとクロムオキサイドを同時
に電着させることを特徴とする耐赤錆性に優れた錫めっ
き鋼板の製造方法。(2) After a steel plate is tin-plated, reflow treatment is performed, and then nickel ions are contained and boric acid 5 to 50 g /
A method for producing a tin-plated steel sheet having excellent resistance to red rust, characterized by performing cathodic electrolysis using a chromate treatment solution containing chromium and simultaneously depositing nickel and chromium oxide on the tin-plated surface.
を茲に提案する。Is proposed here.
（作用） 従来技術で触れたように赤錆の発生を防止するため最
近は錫めっきの厚物が増加する傾向にあり、例えば缶蓋
外面の錫めっき量を8.4g/m2とし、内面は塗装して用い
ることが多いため、2.8g/m2のめっき量とするものが散
見されるが、本発明では耐赤錆性が優れているので缶蓋
外面用等でもあっても量の下限を2.8g/m2とすることが
できる。(Function) As mentioned in the prior art, in order to prevent the generation of red rust, the thickness of tin plating has been increasing recently. For example, the tin plating amount on the outer surface of the can lid is 8.4 g / m 2 and the inner surface is painted. since it is often used to, 2.8 g / but m is one that the coating weight of 2 is scattered, the lower limit of the amount even in the can end an outer surface for such because excellent耐赤rust resistance in the present invention 2.8 g / m 2 .
本願発明の特徴１つとするところは、錫めっき後のク
ロメート処理液にニッケルイオンを添加すると共にホウ
酸５〜50g/を含有せしめ、このクロメート処理液によ
る陰極処理によって錫めっき面に形成される被覆中にニ
ッケルを存在せしめることである。錫や、ニッケルは腐
蝕電位が鉄よりも高く、鉄に対する被覆の効果について
はニッケルは錫と同等の働きをし、又、腐食することが
あっても赤錆とはならないのでニッケルを利用する意義
がある。One of the features of the present invention is that the nickel plating is added to the chromate treatment solution after tin plating and boric acid is added at 5 to 50 g / volume, and the coating formed on the tin plating surface by the cathodic treatment with the chromate treatment solution It is to make nickel exist in it. Tin and nickel have a higher corrosion potential than iron, and nickel has the same effect as tin on the effect of coating on iron. is there.
第１図は、本発明による被覆を形成せしめた錫めっき
鋼板の断面構造を示したものであるが、凹凸を有する鉄
地５上に錫層３が形成されて凹部を閉塞した状態とされ
ることは前記した第２図の従来の錫めっき鋼板と同じで
あるが、その表面にニッケルとクロムオキサイドの混在
層が略一定の厚さに形成され、少なくとも鉄地の凸部が
表面に露出することなく、クロメート被覆層１中にはニ
ッケルが混在しているものである。FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional structure of a tin-plated steel sheet on which a coating according to the present invention is formed. The tin layer 3 is formed on an iron base 5 having irregularities, and the recesses are closed. This is the same as the above-described conventional tin-plated steel sheet of FIG. 2, except that a mixed layer of nickel and chromium oxide is formed to a substantially constant thickness on the surface, and at least the convex portion of the iron base is exposed on the surface. Instead, nickel is mixed in the chromate coating layer 1.
然して本発明者等の研究によれば、クロメート被覆層
１中に存在するニッケルの量は、1.0mg/m2未満では表面
を第１図のように均一に覆うことは困難であり、耐赤錆
性の効果は期待できず、好ましくは2.0mg/m2〜10mg/m2
の間であり、30mg/m2の付着量となった場合にはぶりき
としての金属光沢が失われ黄色味を帯びてくる。これは
ニッケル自体の色である黄色−薄桃色に起因するもので
あり、外観が悪くなり好ましくない。従って本発明の耐
赤錆性に優れた錫めっき鋼板としては、錫めっき量は2.
8g/m2以上の錫めっきを施したものを原板とし、この上
にニッケルとクロムオキサイドからなる被覆層１を形成
せしめたものとなるが、該被覆層１中に含有されるニッ
ケル含有量は片面当り１〜30mg/m2の範囲に限定された
ものとなる。However, according to the study of the present inventors, if the amount of nickel present in the chromate coating layer 1 is less than 1.0 mg / m 2 , it is difficult to uniformly cover the surface as shown in FIG. sexual effect can not be expected, preferably 2.0mg / m 2 ~10mg / m 2
When the adhesion amount is 30 mg / m 2 , the metallic luster as tinplate is lost and the tint becomes yellowish. This is due to the yellow-light pink color which is the color of nickel itself, and the appearance is poor, which is not preferable. Therefore, as the tin-plated steel sheet excellent in red rust resistance of the present invention, the tin plating amount is 2.
8 g / m 2 or more of tin plating is used as an original plate, on which a coating layer 1 composed of nickel and chromium oxide is formed. The nickel content in the coating layer 1 is as follows. It is limited to the range of 1 to 30 mg / m 2 per side.
尚、上述のニッケル析出量を得るためにはクロメート
処理溶液中にニッケルイオンとして0.01モル／〜1.0
モル／の濃度範囲が好ましく、ニッケルイオンの量が
多くなると同じ電気量を与えても析出量が増えてくる。
ニッケル、クロムオキサイド同時に電着させるので、ク
ロメート処理に際しては予め電着量などの設定をしてお
く必要がある。又、クロメート処理液中に５〜50g/の
ホウ酸を添加しておくとニッケルとクロムオキサイドが
均一析出する効果がある。最適に範囲は５〜40g/であ
る。ホウ酸は溶解度が小さいので、前述の50g/は略、
溶解度の上限である。本発明による錫めっき鋼板は缶用
として最適であるが、耐食性に優れているので凡用性が
あることは云うまでもない。In addition, in order to obtain the above-mentioned nickel deposition amount, 0.01 mol / ~ 1.0 mol as nickel ions in the chromate treatment solution was used.
The concentration range is preferably mol / mol. When the amount of nickel ions increases, the amount of precipitation increases even if the same amount of electricity is applied.
Since nickel and chromium oxide are electrodeposited at the same time, it is necessary to set the amount of electrodeposition beforehand during the chromate treatment. Further, if 5 to 50 g / boric acid is added to the chromate treatment liquid, nickel and chromium oxide are uniformly deposited. Optimally the range is 5-40 g /. Since boric acid has a low solubility, the above 50 g / is abbreviated,
It is the upper limit of solubility. Although the tin-plated steel sheet according to the present invention is most suitable for cans, it is needless to say that the tin-plated steel sheet has excellent corrosion resistance and is generally usable.
（実施例） 実施例−１ 鋼帯をアルカリ脱脂および酸洗の後、錫めっき2.8g/m
2を施し、抵抗加熱法によりリフローした。次いで６価
のクロムイオンを形成する重クロム酸ソーダ0.1モル／
＋硫酸ニッケル0.01モル／で、ホウ酸を30g/を添
加したクロメート処理液中で4c/dm2の陰極電解処理を施
し、ニッケルとクロムオキサイドを同時に電着せしめ
た。(Example) Example-1 After the steel strip was subjected to alkali degreasing and pickling, tin plating was 2.8 g / m2.
2 was performed, and reflow was performed by a resistance heating method. Subsequently, 0.1 mol / of sodium bichromate to form hexavalent chromium ions /
A cathodic electrolysis treatment of 4 c / dm 2 was performed in a chromate treatment solution to which +30 g / boric acid was added at +0.01 mol / of nickel sulfate, and nickel and chromium oxide were simultaneously electrodeposited.
実施例−２ 硫酸ニッケルを0.1モル／とした他は実施例−１と
同一条件で処理。Example 2 A treatment was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the amount of nickel sulfate was 0.1 mol /.
実施例−３ 陰極電解処理を8c/dm2とした以外は実施例−１と同一
条件で処理。Example 3 A treatment was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the cathodic electrolysis treatment was changed to 8 c / dm 2 .
実施例−４ 陰極電解処理を8c/dm2とした以外は実施例−２と同一
条件で処理。Example 4 A treatment was performed under the same conditions as in Example 2 except that the cathodic electrolysis treatment was changed to 8 c / dm 2 .
比較例−１ 鋼帯をアルカリ脱脂および酸洗の後、錫めっき2.8g/m
2を施し、抵抗加熱法によりリフローした。次いで重ク
ロム酸ソーダ0.1モル／中で4c/dm2の陰極電解処理を
施し、クロムオキサイドを電着せしめた。Comparative Example-1 A steel strip was tin-plated 2.8 g / m after alkali degreasing and pickling.
2 was performed, and reflow was performed by a resistance heating method. Next, a cathodic electrolysis treatment of 4 c / dm 2 was carried out in 0.1 mol / sodium dichromate to electrodeposit chromium oxide.
比較例−２ 錫めっき8.4g/m2とした以外は比較例−１と同一条件
で処理。Comparative Example 2 A treatment was performed under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 1 except that tin plating was 8.4 g / m 2 .
比較例−３ 陰極電解処理を16c/dm2とした以外は比較例−２と同
一条件で処理。Comparative Example 3 A treatment was performed under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 2 except that the cathodic electrolysis treatment was changed to 16 c / dm 2 .
比較例−４ 陰極電解処理を1c/dm2とした以外は実施例−４と同一
条件で処理。Except that the Comparative Examples -4 cathodic electrolysis treatment was 1c / dm 2 is treated under the same conditions as in Example -4.
比較例−５ 陰極電解処理を16c/dm2とした以外は実施例−４と同
一条件で処理。Except that the comparative example -5 cathodic electrolysis treatment was 16c / dm 2 is treated under the same conditions as in Example -4.
実施例−５ 錫めっき量を8.4g/m2とした以外は実施例−１と同一
条件で処理したもの。Except that the Example -5 tin plating amount of 8.4 g / m 2 is obtained by treatment under the same conditions as in Example -1.
次表は、前述の本発明の実施例の全て、並びに比較例
の全てについて塩水噴霧試験（JIS Z2371:3.5Hr）を行
なった耐赤錆性の試験結果を示すものである。The following table shows the test results of red rust resistance obtained by performing a salt spray test (JIS Z2371: 3.5Hr) on all of the examples of the present invention and all of the comparative examples.
この表からも分かるように、本発明による場合には、
従来の錫めっき鋼板と同等のクロムオキサイド量であっ
ても、ニッケル析出量が1mg/m2以上となることにより実
施例−１のように錫めっき量が2.8g/m2で、化成皮膜中
ニッケルが1.5mg/m2と最低状態であっても、従来の錫め
っき鋼板（8.4g/m2）よりも優れており、極めて優れた
レベル状態の耐錆性（耐赤錆性）が得られ且つ外観も好
ましいのである。 As can be seen from this table, in the case of the present invention,
Even if the amount of chromium oxide is equivalent to that of a conventional tin-plated steel sheet, the amount of nickel plating is 1 mg / m 2 or more, so that the amount of tin plating is 2.8 g / m 2 as in Example 1, and Even when nickel is in the lowest state of 1.5 mg / m 2 , it is superior to conventional tin-plated steel sheets (8.4 g / m 2 ), and extremely excellent level of rust resistance (red rust resistance) is obtained. And the appearance is also favorable.
一方、従来の錫めっき鋼板は、比較例１のように錫め
っき量が2.8g/m2の場合はもちろん比較例２のように8.4
g/m2の場合であっても耐錆性は充分ではない。また比較
例３のように錫めっき量が8.4g/m2でクロメート処理の
際の処理電気量アップによる場合にのみ耐錆性は良好と
なっているが、外観はケミカルステインの発生により劣
化している。また比較例４のように被覆中にニッケルを
含んでいても化成処理電気量が少なくその析出量が1mg/
m2未満の場合には、耐錆性は充分ではない。一方比較例
５のようにニッケルの析出量が30mg/m2を超えた場合に
は耐錆性は良いが、色調は黄色味を帯び、且つケミカル
ステインが発生し外観は著しく悪くなっており、勿論高
価である。On the other hand, the conventional tin-plated steel sheet has a tin plating amount of 2.8 g / m 2 as in Comparative Example 1 and of course 8.4 as in Comparative Example 2.
Even in the case of g / m 2 , rust resistance is not sufficient. Rust resistance is good only when the amount of tin plating is 8.4 g / m 2 and the amount of electricity processed during chromate treatment is increased, as in Comparative Example 3. However, the appearance deteriorates due to the generation of chemical stain. ing. Also, as in Comparative Example 4, even if nickel was contained in the coating, the amount of conversion treatment electricity was small and the amount of deposition was 1 mg /
If it is less than m 2, the rust resistance is not sufficient. On the other hand, when the precipitation amount of nickel exceeds 30 mg / m 2 as in Comparative Example 5, the rust resistance is good, but the color tone is yellowish, and the appearance of chemical stain is significantly deteriorated, Of course, it is expensive.
「発明の効果」 本発明により得られた錫めっき鋼板は、錫めっき量が
2.8g/m2であっても優れた耐赤錆性を有しており、例え
ば昨今レトルト処理用缶蓋の外面側としての8.4g/m2の
市販の錫めっき鋼板に比較した場合には錫めっき層が1/
3の厚みで足りることになり、耐赤錆性の向上と共に製
造コストの削減に関する点でも又、製造方法が極めて単
純且つ簡単な点も含めて極めて有益な発明というべきで
ある。[Effect of the Invention] The tin-plated steel sheet obtained by the present invention has a tin plating amount of
It has excellent red rust resistance even at 2.8 g / m 2 , for example, compared to 8.4 g / m 2 commercially available tin-plated steel sheet as the outer surface side of the retort treatment can lid these days. The plating layer is 1 /
A thickness of 3 is sufficient, and it is an extremely useful invention in terms of improving the red rust resistance and reducing the production cost, and also including the fact that the production method is extremely simple and simple.
第１図は本発明の錫めっき鋼板の被膜の断面構造を示し
第２図は従来の錫めっき鋼板の被膜の断面構造を示す。 1:ニッケルとクロムオキサイドの混在層 2:酸化錫を主体とした層 3:錫層 4:鉄−錫合金層 5:鉄地 6:クロムオキサイドを主体とする層FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional structure of a coating of a tin-plated steel sheet of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional structure of a coating of a conventional tin-plated steel sheet. 1: Mixed layer of nickel and chromium oxide 2: Layer mainly composed of tin oxide 3: Tin layer 4: Iron-tin alloy layer 5: Iron base 6: Layer mainly composed of chromium oxide
Claims (2)
とクロムオキサイドが混在した単層の被覆層を有し、且
つ該被覆層中のニッケル含有量が片面当り１〜30mg/m2
であることを特徴とする耐赤錆性に優れた錫めっき鋼
板。1. A single-layer coating layer containing nickel and chromium oxide mixed on a tin plating layer of 2.8 g / m 2 or more, and the nickel content in the coating layer is 1 to 30 mg / m 2 per side. m 2
A tin-plated steel sheet having excellent red rust resistance.
施し、次いでニッケルイオンを含むと共にホウ酸５〜50
g/を含有したクロメート処理液を用いて陰極電解を行
ない、前記錫めっき面にニッケルとクロムオキサイドを
同時に電着させることを特徴とする耐赤錆性に優れた錫
めっき鋼板の製造方法。2. A steel sheet is tin-plated, subjected to a reflow treatment, and contains nickel ions and boric acid of 5 to 50%.
A method for producing a tin-plated steel sheet having excellent red rust resistance, wherein cathodic electrolysis is performed using a chromate treatment solution containing g / and nickel and chromium oxide are simultaneously electrodeposited on the tin-plated surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62031539A JP2646542B2 (en) | 1987-02-16 | 1987-02-16 | Tin-plated steel sheet excellent in red rust resistance and method for producing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62031539A JP2646542B2 (en) | 1987-02-16 | 1987-02-16 | Tin-plated steel sheet excellent in red rust resistance and method for producing the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63199897A JPS63199897A (en) | 1988-08-18 |
| JP2646542B2 true JP2646542B2 (en) | 1997-08-27 |
Family
ID=12333994
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62031539A Expired - Fee Related JP2646542B2 (en) | 1987-02-16 | 1987-02-16 | Tin-plated steel sheet excellent in red rust resistance and method for producing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2646542B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004306839A (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-11-04 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Ship |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS582597B2 (en) * | 1978-12-14 | 1983-01-17 | 東洋鋼鈑株式会社 | Manufacturing method of tinned steel plate |
-
1987
- 1987-02-16 JP JP62031539A patent/JP2646542B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS63199897A (en) | 1988-08-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |