JP2639893B2 - Electronic musical instrument pitch data generator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pitch data generating device for an electronic musical instrument, and more particularly to a technique for obtaining pitch data of a predetermined key (pitch data) according to a desired tone. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, in a keyboard instrument, the relationship between a key to be pressed and a pitch of a musical tone generated corresponding to the key is expressed as follows.
The adjacent keys have a pitch different from each other by a semitone.

However, in an electronic musical instrument having a keyboard, the relationship between the key to be depressed and the pitch of a musical tone generated corresponding to the key is determined by the above-mentioned relationship (adjacent keys having a semitone pitch). Relationships that differ only by different keys), for example, the pitch of the adjacent keys is made different by a whole tone, the pitch of the adjacent keys is made different by 1/4 tone (an additional half of a semitone), or It has been proposed that the keys have the same pitch.

[0004] On the other hand, it is also widely practiced to change the pitch of musical tones according to pitch change information such as vendor information and vibrato information to change the pitch of musical tones.

[0005]

The pitch based on pitch change information such as vendor information and vibrato information is based on the relationship between the key to be pressed and the pitch of a musical tone generated corresponding to the key. If the change width of the pitch is determined, for example, the pitch change width when the operator for giving the vendor information is operated to the maximum will not be constant. Therefore, in this case, by the maximum operation of the operator,
It is inconvenient to always change the pitch by one octave, and there is a problem that free performance is hindered.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and has as its object to change the pitch of a musical tone based on pitch change information such as vendor information and vibrato information. When changing the pitch of the note, the width of the pitch change based on the pitch change information is not affected by the relationship between the key to be pressed and the pitch of the musical tone generated corresponding to the key. It is an object of the present invention to provide a pitch data generator for an electronic musical instrument in which the performance is not hindered.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, a pitch data generating apparatus for an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention comprises a musical tone specified by performance information specifying a musical tone to be generated and a tone of a musical tone to be generated. A key follow coefficient is selectively generated from three or more key follow coefficients which determine a pitch difference between two musical tones corresponding to two adjacent keys on the keyboard, while determining a relationship with the pitch. Pitch data based on a product of a key follow coefficient generating means, a key follow coefficient generated by the key follow coefficient generating means, and a difference between performance information designating the musical tone to be generated and reference performance information. , And independently of the key follow coefficient generated by the key follow coefficient generating means, the pitch change information is obtained by the pitch obtained by the calculating means. It is obtained so as to have a pitch data control means to be reflected in the data. here,
“Pitch difference between two musical tones corresponding to two adjacent keys on the keyboard” indicates a musical pitch difference in a musical sense, such as a quarter note, a semitone, or a whole note. It does not indicate a physical frequency difference.

[0008]

According to the present invention, pitch change information such as vendor information and vibrato information can be reflected in pitch data without being affected by a key follow coefficient.

That is, when the pitch change information is reflected in the pitch data, the pitch change width based on the pitch change information is not affected by the key follow coefficient. The pitch change width when the child is operated to the maximum can be made constant, and the pitch can be constantly changed by one octave by the maximum operation of the operator, thereby preventing free playing. Never.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, a specific embodiment of a pitch data generator for an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 1, the key depression position information of a key depressed from the keyboard 1 is detected by an operation key detection circuit 2 and a note number ("MIDI-1.0 standard" (issued by the MIDI Standards Council) This note number is supplied to the key code generation circuit 3. The key code generation circuit 3 converts the note number into a corresponding key code suitable for internal processing.

It is desirable that the key code is a data expression that is easy to convert from the note number and that is suitable for CPU processing.

In the present embodiment, the note number represented by decimal notation from 0 to 127 corresponding to the range of 128 keys is added to the upper byte of the 8-bit configuration with the bit length being 16 bits. The key code is obtained by applying it in hexadecimal notation. Similarly, in the lower byte of the 8-bit configuration, a pitch equal to or less than a semitone (a pitch of 100 cents) is applied by dividing the semitone into 256. Therefore, since the resolution of the pitch by the lower byte is approximately 0.4 cents (= 100 cents / 256), there is a problem in practical use even when a pitch of less than a semitone in portamento is required. Nothing.

More specifically, taking as an example a key (C4 in the note name) corresponding to the reference key in the present embodiment at the center C of the keyboard 1 of the piano, the upper byte is 10 bytes.
3C in hexadecimal notation, which is 60 (= note number) in hexadecimal notation
The key code is 00H (H indicates hexadecimal display). Similarly, the key code of note name C5 one octave higher is 4800H, and the key code of note name B3 one semitone below is 3B00H.

On the other hand, with respect to the lower byte, a calculation process of X cents × (256/100 cents) is performed on the pitch X cents, and the calculation result is displayed in hexadecimal. For example, 25 (= X) cents is 25 cents x
(256/100 cents) = 64, and the hexadecimal display is made to be 40H. Therefore, 2 in note name C4
Five cents higher is 3C40H, which is the sum of the key code 3C00H and the pitch code of a semitone or less.

In the key code generation circuit 3, the key code generated as described above is subtracted from the reference key code and is output as containing the pitch code of the semitone or less. This reference key code is a key code corresponding to the preset reference key. The selection of the reference key is determined by the pitch name C4, which is generally considered easy to handle, for example, as described above. Therefore, the output of the key code generation circuit 3 is 4800H- if the key corresponding to C5 in the pitch name of the keyboard 1 is depressed and the reference key is C4 in the pitch name and there is no pitch less than a semitone. 3C00H = C00H.

Key follow coefficient setting information by discrete or continuous values by an operator such as a volume, or by selection of a pre-programmed set,
It is supplied from the key follow coefficient setting unit 4 to the key follow coefficient generation circuit 5. In the key follow coefficient generation circuit 5, based on the key follow coefficient setting information,
A key follow coefficient for converting key code data including a pitch code of a semitone or less into data of a desired pitch is generated. For example, to change the pitch by one octave in a temperament in which the pitch difference between two musical tones corresponding to two adjacent keys of the keyboard 1 is a semitone, that is, to change the pitch by one octave in 12 equal temperament, the key code data is 0COOH and the data is 0COOH. For the expression, the pitch data described later is 1000
H is changed, and the key follow coefficient becomes 16/12 (= 4/3).

The key follow coefficient is obtained in a similar manner for different temperaments. For example, the key follow coefficient is as follows.

[0019] (When a pitch difference of 2 keys adjacent 1/4 tone.) Temperament key follow coefficients Quarter tone 4/6 when pitch difference of the hole tone 8/3 (2 adjacent key is whole tone .) Inharmonic (4 × 1203) / (3 × 1200) (When the pitch difference between two adjacent keys is almost a semitone, and the pitch is 1203 cents higher on the right key of the 12 keys.) Constant pitch 0 ( When the pitch difference between two adjacent keys is 0, and the same pitch is obtained regardless of which key is pressed.) Inverse temperament -4/3 (The pitch difference between two adjacent keys is a semitone. , When the pitch is one octave lower with the right key of the 12 keys.)

The key follow coefficient is supplied to a first multiplication circuit 6. In the first multiplication circuit 6, data including the key code from the key code generation circuit 3, and further including a pitch code of a semitone or less, are multiplied by the key follow coefficient from the key follow coefficient generation circuit 5. It is converted to pitch data and generated.

If the key follow coefficient is expressed in relation to the note number and pitch data, FIG.
It becomes as shown in.

Since the pitch data determines the tone frequency at the time of tone generation, it is desirable that the pitch data be expressed in such a manner that the frequency can be easily specified.

For example, in the 12-temperament rule of the general temperament, the frequency doubles when the pitch increases by one octave (12 semitones). Therefore, if the frequency is represented by a logarithm having a base of 2, the exponent part indicates the octave. Express it to make it easier to understand. Also, if natural number conversion is performed on the mantissa part for one octave, the exponent part can be processed by bit shift, which simplifies it and keeps the resolution constant.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, a data representation is used in which the bit length is 16 bits, the exponent part is 4 bits, and the mantissa part is 12 bits. For this reason, in the result of the multiplication in the first multiplying circuit 6, the data expression consisting of the 16 bits of the key code and the pitch code of less than a semitone is converted into this data expression.

According to the data expression in which the exponent part consists of 4 bits and the mantissa part consists of 16 bits, the sound range is 16 octaves and the resolution is about 0.3 cents, which is sufficient for practical use.

The vendor information from the vendor information generating section 7 and the vibrato information from the vibrato information generating section 8 are supplied to an adding circuit 9 and, after addition, a second multiplying circuit similar to the first multiplying circuit 6 10 is supplied. This is because, in the present embodiment, the data representation of the bender information and the vibrato information is the same as the data representation consisting of 16 bits of the key code and the pitch code of a semitone or less, so that the pitch data This is because a multiplication circuit similar to the first multiplication circuit 6 is required to convert the expression.

The second multiplying circuit 10 has a constant 4/3 corresponding to the 12 key temperament key follow coefficient from the constant generating circuit 12 or a key follow coefficient from the key follow generating circuit 5 according to selection by the switch circuit 11. Is supplied. Then, the constant 4/3 or the key follow coefficient is multiplied by the added vendor information and vibrato information, and the multiplication result is supplied to the addition circuit 13, and the multiplication result of the first multiplication circuit 6 is obtained. Is added. This addition result is further added to the addition circuit 14 by the addition circuit 14.
Since the reference key is pitch name C4 in this embodiment, which corresponds to the pitch data of the reference key from the range parameter generation unit 15, 8000H is added as the range parameter. The pitch data resulting from the addition in the adder circuit 14 is converted into numerical values suitable for the respective waveform generation methods in the waveform generation circuit 16 as described above, and a tone waveform having a desired pitch is converted into the waveform generation circuit 1.
6 is output.

As described above, the vendor information and the vibrato information are reflected on the pitch data. The switch circuit 11 has the following operation.

When the constant 4/3 corresponding to the equal temperament key follow coefficient from the constant generation circuit 12 is supplied to the multiplication circuit 10, the amount of change in pitch data due to the vendor information and vibrato information is determined by the key follow coefficient It becomes irrelevant to the key follow coefficient generated by the generation circuit 5. For this reason, even when the relationship between the note number designated by the key depression and the pitch data is variously changed as shown in FIG. 2, the amount of change of the pitch data by the vendor information and the vibrato information is constant. .

On the other hand, when the key follow coefficient from the key follow coefficient generation circuit 5 is supplied to the multiplication circuit 10, the amount of change in pitch data due to the vendor information and vibrato information is determined by the key follow coefficient generation circuit. 5
Corresponding to the key follow coefficient generated by For this reason, when the relationship between the note number and the pitch data is variously changed as shown in FIG. 2, the amount of change in the pitch data based on the vendor information and vibrato information also changes according to the change. .

For example, if the pitch of one octave in 12 equal temperament, that is, the pitch of 12 keys changes when the operator giving the vendor information is operated to the maximum, another temperament is selected. Also, when the operator is operated to the maximum, the pitch for 12 keys changes, and the pitch change width based on the vendor information and the like and the pitch change width due to the difference in key are always the same.

As described above, it is possible to select whether or not the change of the pitch data of the vendor information and the vibrato information is affected by the key follow coefficient by the switch circuit 11. Can be selected.

Next, the vendor information generating section 7 will be described with reference to FIG.

A signal generated by operating an operator 71 for giving vendor information constituted by a volume or the like is converted into an analog-digital converter 72.
To a digital signal (usually having a polarity code). The converted signal is multiplied by a multiplier circuit 73 with a vendor sensitivity signal from a vendor sensitivity parameter generator 74. Thereby, the vendor information is formed.

The vibrato information generator 8 will be described with reference to FIG.

A signal generated by operating an operation element 81 for providing vibrato information composed of a modulation wheel, a modulation lever and the like is similarly converted into a digital signal by an analog-digital converter 82. The converted signal is multiplied by the modulation sensitivity signal from the modulation sensitivity parameter generator 84 in the multiplication circuit 83.

A signal of aftertouch information from a pressure-sensitive body 85 composed of a pressure-sensitive element for detecting aftertouch of a key is converted into a digital signal by an analog-digital converter 86. This digitally converted signal is
The multiplication circuit 87 multiplies the signal by the aftertouch sensitivity signal from the aftertouch sensitivity parameter generator 88.

Then, the multiplication result of the multiplication circuit 87 is
The result of the multiplication by the multiplication circuit 83 is added in the addition circuit 89, and the addition result is multiplied by the output signal of the low frequency oscillator for vibrato (LFO) 91 in the multiplication circuit 90. Thereby, the vibrato information is formed.

The multiplication circuits 6, 10, 73, 8
At 3, 87 and 90, signed multiplication operation processing of 16 bits × 16 bits is performed.

The adders 9, 13, 14, 89
In, an addition (subtraction) operation of 16 bits + 16 bits is performed.

If the key code including the pitch code of the semitone or less, the bender information and the vibrato information are all represented in the same data expression as the data of the pitch, the embodiment is constructed as shown in FIG. can do.

Reference numeral 17 denotes an addition circuit, and reference numeral 18 denotes a switch circuit.

The switch circuit 18 has the same function as the switch circuit 11 in FIG. 1. When the vendor information and the vibrato information are supplied to the adder circuit 17, the conversion of the pitch data of these information is performed. When the key follow coefficient has an influence and the vendor information and the vibrato information are supplied to the adder circuit 13, the key follow coefficient does not affect the conversion of the pitch data of the information.

In order to select whether or not to include the key follow coefficient in each vendor information and vibrato information, as shown in FIG. 6, switch means 19, 20, Further, the addition circuit 2
1 and 22 can be provided.

5 and 6, the same reference numerals as those used in FIG. 1 denote the same contents, and a duplicate description will be omitted. .

In the case shown in FIG. 6, the data representation of the key code including the pitch code of a semitone or less, and the data of the pitch data from the first multiplication circuit 6 as described above. If the expression is the same, it goes without saying that the second multiplication circuit 10 is omitted as shown in FIG.

Next, another embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, in the reference numerals used in the drawings, the same reference numerals as those described above indicate the same contents, and duplicate description will be omitted.

From the key follow coefficient generating circuit 5 ', the key follow coefficient setting unit 4' individually sets the 2
A _first key follow coefficient A ₁ and a second key follow coefficient A ₂ are sequentially generated. The first and second key follow coefficients A ₁ and A ₂ are the semitones from the key code generation circuit 3. Along with the key codes including the following pitch codes, they are supplied to each of the first and second multiplication units 6 ′ and 6 ″, and after each multiplication, they are added to the range parameters in the addition units 14 ′ and 14 ″ respectively. And supplied to the first and second waveform generators 16 'and 16''.

According to this embodiment, for example, a vibrating sound of a string whose pitch changes with a key, such as a piano sound, and a hammer sound, whose pitch does not change much with a higher key or a lower key, simultaneously. This is effective when it occurs.

The first and second multipliers 6 'and 6''
Use the same multiplication circuit, and adders 14 ', 1
4 '' also uses the same adder circuit, and the first and second waveform generators 16 'and 16''also perform time-division processing using the same waveform generator circuit. In the case of the example, two sequences of one sound are generated.

The operation key detection circuit 2, the key code generation circuit 3, the multiplication circuit 6, and the key follow coefficient generation circuit 5
If the waveform generation circuit 16 and the like can perform time-division processing in, for example, 32 time slots, it is possible to produce 16 voices in 2 series or 8 voices in 4 series.

As described above, by increasing the number of time slots by time division, the number of tone sequences can be increased without increasing hardware such as a multiplication circuit and a waveform generation circuit. High-performance musical instruments can be realized.

In the above-described embodiment and the like, a fixed key follow coefficient is used over the entire key range. However, as shown in FIG. 8, the key range is divided and different key follow coefficients are set for each section. It is also possible to approximate a so-called Railsback curve.

In other words, assuming that the key follow coefficients a, b, and c are based on the key corresponding to C4 in the pitch name, i) when the key k is between the pitch names C2 and C6, (K− C4) × Key follow coefficient b ii) When the key k is equal to or less than the note name C2, {k− (C2-C4) × Key follow coefficient b} × Key follow coefficient a iii) The key k is equal to or greater than the note name C6 In this case, pitch data is obtained by performing an operation of {k- (C6-C4) × key follow coefficient b} × key follow coefficient c.

Therefore, it is necessary to change the configuration of the above-described embodiment and the like so that such an operation is performed.
This is obvious to a person skilled in the art, and will not be described.

In the above-described embodiments and the like,
Although the range parameter generation unit 15 is used, when the pitch data is “0” with respect to the waveform generation circuits 16, 16 ′, and 16 ″, the reference key corresponds to C4 in the pitch name in this embodiment. If a tone frequency waveform is generated, the need for the range parameter generator 15 is eliminated.

[0057]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects.

With a simple configuration in which the key follow coefficient is switched, the pitch difference between two musical tones corresponding to two adjacent keys on the keyboard can be variously changed to a semitone, a full tone, a quarter tone, or the like. . Further, even when the key follow coefficient is switched, the pitch change width due to the pitch change information such as the vendor information and the vibrato information is not affected, so that free playing is not hindered.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram showing an embodiment of a pitch data generating device for an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing key follow coefficients shown in relation to note number and pitch data.

FIG. 3 is a detailed block circuit diagram of a vendor information generation unit in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a detailed block circuit diagram of a vibrato information generator in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 shows the pitch of the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention shown in FIG.
FIG. 9 is a block circuit diagram showing a modification of the data generator.

FIG. 6 shows the pitch of the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention shown in FIG.
FIG. 9 is a block circuit diagram showing a modification of the data generator.

FIG. 7 is a block circuit diagram showing another embodiment of a pitch data generating device for an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing different key follow coefficients set for each section by dividing the key range.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 3 Key code generation circuit 5 Key follow coefficient generation circuit 6, 10 Multiplication circuit 7 Vendor information generation section 8 Vibrato information generation section 9, 13, 17, 21, 22 Addition circuit 11, 18, Switch circuit 12 Constant generation circuit 19, 20 Switch means

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] The present invention determines a relationship between a musical tone specified by performance information for specifying a musical tone to be generated and a pitch of the musical tone to be generated, and determines a sound between two musical tones respectively corresponding to two adjacent keys on a keyboard. Key follow coefficient generating means for selectively generating an arbitrary key follow coefficient from among three or more key follow coefficients for determining a height difference; and a difference between performance information designating the musical tone to be generated and reference performance information. And, based on the product of the key follow coefficient generated by the key follow coefficient generating means, a calculating means for obtaining pitch data, independently of the key follow coefficient generated by the key follow coefficient generating means, Pitch data control means for reflecting pitch change information in pitch data obtained by the calculation means. Data generating device. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the three or more key follow coefficients include at least one in which the pitch difference between two musical tones corresponding to two adjacent keys on the keyboard is １ ／. Instrument pitch data generator. 3. The pitch of an electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the three or more key follow coefficients include at least a pitch difference between two musical tones corresponding to two adjacent keys on a keyboard, which is a whole tone. -Data generator. 4. The three or more key follow coefficients are such that a pitch difference between two musical tones corresponding to two adjacent keys on the keyboard is a semitone, and a pitch of one key on the right of 12 keys is 1
2. The pitch data generator for an electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, including at least one octave lower.