JP2635151C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JP2635151C JP2635151C JP2635151C JP 2635151 C JP2635151 C JP 2635151C JP 2635151 C JP2635151 C JP 2635151C
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fat
- pellets
- fatty acid
- oil
- acid calcium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 48
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 48
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 32
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- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 8
- 210000004767 Rumen Anatomy 0.000 description 7
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- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000021243 milk fat Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 210000003165 Abomasum Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- YJISHJVIRFPGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[5-[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyloxane-3,4-diol Chemical compound O1C(CO)C(OC)C(O)C(O)C1OCC1C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O2)O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(C)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 YJISHJVIRFPGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019774 Rice Bran oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000008529 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 3
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 235000021307 wheat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940053207 Niacin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N Oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000283898 Ovis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000002057 Secale cereale Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Stearic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 2
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotinamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000007558 Avena sp Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000282817 Bovidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282994 Cervidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004278 EU approved seasoning Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940116542 OTHER NUTRIENTS in ATC Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003568 Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009430 Thespesia populnea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940029983 VITAMINS Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000006085 Vigna mungo var mungo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005616 Vigna mungo var. mungo Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940021016 Vitamin IV solution additives Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940100445 WHEAT STARCH Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035507 absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000032696 parturition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamins Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、反芻動物用の油脂ペレットに関する。詳細には、油脂成分として脂
肪酸カルシウムを含有する反芻動物用油脂ペレットに関する。
〔従来の技術〕
脂肪を牛等の反芻動物に給与するとその高カロリーにより乳中の乳脂率を向上
させ得ること、そして時には泌乳量の増加をもたらすことが知られている。この
点から特に分娩後の泌乳初期や乳を多量に分泌する高能力反芻動物においてはカ
ロリーの高い脂肪を多量に給与することが必要とされている。しかしながら脂肪
の多給は反芻動物の第１胃（ルーメン）に悪影響を及ぼし、第１胃内での消化率
を低下させると共に反芻動物の食欲減退を招く。特に脂肪の多給は第１胃での繊
維質飼料の消化を大きく阻害し、かかる繊維質飼料の消化性の低下は乳脂率の低
下をもたらす。
このような点から、消化率の低下や食欲の減退を招くことなく反芻動物に多給
できる脂肪の開発が従来から色々試みられてきた。そして、そのような従来技術
の１つとして、脂肪酸や油脂を蛋白質等の第１胃で安定な他の材料で被覆して第
１胃で消化されず第４胃やそれ以降の小腸内で消化されるようにしたいわゆるバ
イパス油脂が知られている。
しかし、脂肪の他の材料による被覆は、被覆材料の脂肪酸への固定方法や被覆
材料の選択等の点で技術的に複雑かつ困難な面が多い。そこで、そのような被覆
脂肪に代わるバイパス油脂として、近年、脂肪自体を第１胃
内では消化されず第４胃以降で消化される化合物の形態にしたバイパス油脂が開
発されており、そのようなバイパス油脂の１つとして脂肪酸カルシウムが知られ
ている。
これは、脂肪酸カルシウムが中性〜弱酸性では安定であって分解しないが強酸
性下では脂肪酸とカルシウムに分解する性質をうまく利用したものであり、脂肪
酸カルシウムは反芻動物の中性〜弱酸性の状態にある第１胃では分解されずにそ
のまま通過し、強酸性状態にある第４胃で脂肪酸とカルシウムに分解され、その
結果生成した脂肪酸が第４胃以降で円滑に消化吸収されて乳の乳脂率の増加や泌
乳量の増加をもたらす。
一方、脂肪酸カルシウムはペースト状〜固形状を呈する塊であってそのままで
は反芻動物が摂取しにくいために、通常ペレット等に造粒して給与されており、
従来は糖蜜を結合剤として使用してペレットへの造粒が行われ、そしてその場合
には脂肪酸カルシウムをペレット中に３０％含有させるのが限度であった。
しかしながら糖蜜を結合剤として製造された油脂ペレットは硬度が通常約０．
５〜３．０kg／cm2、ＰＤＩ値（ペレット抗崩壊指数）が約４．０〜７．０と低
く、そのため崩壊し易く、取り扱いにくく、かつ反芻動物による嗜好性も劣って
いた（本明細書における硬度およびＰＤＩ値の測定法については後述する）。し
かも脂肪酸カルシウム濃度の低いこのようなペレットでは、反芻動物へ脂肪酸を
多給するためには多量の油脂ペレットの給与が必要であり、多量の油脂ペレット
の給与は、反芻動物の食欲の減退、蛋白質の給与不足等を招いていた。
〔発明の内容〕
この点から本発明者等は、脂肪酸カルシウムを高濃度で含有するとともに、硬
度およびＰＤＩ値が高く、崩壊しにくくて取り扱い易い油脂ペレット、更に反芻
動物による嗜好性が高いペレットを得ることを目的として研
究を続けてきた。その結果、糖蜜を結合剤としていた上記従来技術に代えて、殿
粉質物質を結合剤として使用すると、脂肪酸カルシウム含有量の高いペレットが
得られること、しかもそこで得られたペレットは硬度およびＰＤＩ値が高く崩壊
しにくく取り扱い易く、かつ反芻動物による嗜好性が高いことを見出して本発明
を完成するに至った。
したがって、本発明は、脂肪酸カルシウムおよび殿粉質物質を含有することを
特徴とする反芻動物用油脂ペレットである。
本発明では、殿粉質物質を使用してペレットへの造粒を行うことによってペレ
ット中の脂肪酸カルシウムの含有量を、糖蜜を結合剤として使用していた従来の
脂肪酸カルシウムペレットにおける約５〜３０重量％という低い値から、５０〜
９０重量％という高い値にすることができる。
そして、本発明では脂肪酸カルシウムとしては、植物性油脂由来の脂肪酸のカ
ルシウム塩（たとえばパーム油脂肪酸カルシウム、大豆油脂肪酸カルシウム、米
ぬか油脂肪酸カルシウム等）、動物性油脂由来の脂肪酸カルシウム（例えば牛脂
脂肪酸カルシウム、牛脂／豚脂混合脂肪酸カルシウム、豚脂肪酸カルシウム等）
、植物性／動物性混合油脂由来脂肪酸カルシウム（例えば米ぬか油／豚脂由来脂
肪酸カルシウム、パーム油／タロー脂肪由来脂肪酸カルシウム）のいずれもが使
用できる。そのうちでも特に牛脂／豚脂混合脂肪酸カルシウムや米ぬか油／豚脂
混合脂肪酸カルシウムが、嗜好性の点から好ましい。
また、その際に脂肪酸カルシウムにおける脂肪酸は、１種類の脂肪酸のみから
構成されていても、また複数種の脂肪酸の混合物であってもよく、更にかかる脂
肪酸は飽和脂肪酸であっても不飽和脂肪酸であってもよい。そして、そのうちで
も特にステアリン酸、オレイン酸等の中鎖脂肪酸、およびそれらを組み合わせた
もののカルシウム塩が乳脂率の向上、泌乳量、嗜好性の点から望ましい。
そして、本発明の油脂ペレットにおける脂肪酸カルシウムの含量は、ペレット
の重量に基づいて、５０〜９０％にするのがよい。
更に、本発明の油脂ペレットにおける殿粉質物質としては、殿粉を含有する物
質のいずれもが使用でき、例えば馬鈴薯殿粉、コーンスターチ、タピオカ殿粉、
小麦殿粉等の殿粉類；小麦粉、米粉、とうもろこし粉、マイロ粉、ライムギ粉、
大麦粉、えん麦粉等の穀類粉；米、小麦、大麦、とうもろこし、マイロ、ひえ、
粟、ライムギ、えん麦等の穀粒等が使用できる。そのうちでも、小麦粉、とうも
ろこし粉等の粉状物質が、結合力が大きく造粒性が良い、ペレットの抗崩壊性が
良い等の点から好ましい。殿粉質物質は１種類のみを使用しても複数種を組み合
わせて使用してもよい。
油脂ペレットにおける殿粉質物質を、油脂ペレットの重量に基づいて約５〜２
０％とするのが、脂肪酸カルシウム含量の高いペレットを円滑に造粒できる、ペ
レットの抗崩壊性が良い等の点から好ましい。
また、本発明の油脂ペレットは、脂肪酸カルシウムおよび殿粉質物質のみから
形成されていてもよいが、反芻動物の嗜好性を高める、栄養価を高める、消化吸
収を向上させる、体力を増強させる等の点から、必要に応じて蛋白質材料、香辛
料、調味料、ナイアシンやその他のビタミン、ミネラル、アミノ酸等の栄養強化
剤等の他の成分を含有していてもよい。特にナイアシンの添加は、無脂固形分率
の低下防止、脂質代謝の円滑化等をもたらし好ましい。その場合にこれらの他の
成分の含有量があまり多くなると、ペレット中における脂肪酸カルシウムの含有
量が相対的に低下するので注意する必要があり、これら他の成分の含有量をペレ
ットの全重量に基づいて約４５％以下にしておくのが好ましい。
本発明の油脂ペレットは、脂肪酸カルシウムおよび殿粉質物質を含有する材料
をペレットに造粒することにより製造されるが、該ペレットへの造粒はペレット
製造において通常採用されているいずれの方法および装置に
よっても行うことができ、例えば押出式造粒機、圧縮式造粒機等が採用できる。
そして、そのうちでも、押出式造粒機によるペレット造粒が、大量連続製造の点
から好ましい。ペレットへの造粒時には、上記脂肪酸カルシウムおよび殿粉質物
質を約８０〜１５０℃に加熱して脂肪酸カルシウムを融解し、必要に応じて加水
下に造粒するとよい。
そして、本発明の油脂ペレットは、反芻動物による嗜好性、ペレットの流動性
、取り扱い易さ等の点から、直径約３〜１２mm、長さ約５〜２０mmの柱状、直径
約３〜１２mmの球状、楕円形であるのが好ましい。
また本発明の油脂ペレットは、硬度を約３．５〜１５kg／cm2とし、ＰＤＩ値
を約８〜９．５にしておくのが、やはり反芻動物による嗜好性、流動性、抗崩壊
性、取り扱い易さ等の点から望ましい。
かかる本発明の油脂ペレットは、牛、羊、山羊、カモシカ、鹿等の反芻動物、
それらの動物のうちでも特に分娩後の牛に給与される。望ましい給与期間は動物
の種類等によって異なるが、通常、牛の場合は分娩後約９０〜１００日間、羊の
場合は約４０〜５０日間給与するのがよい。その給与量は、牛の場合は、通常、
１頭当り１日にペレット約４００〜１５００ｇ（脂肪酸カルシウムとして約３０
０〜６００ｇ）が望ましい。１日分を１度に給与しても数回に分けて給与しても
よく、また給与量は毎日同じであっても、日によって変えてもよいが、乳脂率お
よび泌乳量の増加等の点からは、日による給与量の変化をさけ、また１日分を数
回に分けて給与するのがよい。
更に、本発明の油脂ペレットは、油脂ペレットのみを直接反芻動物に給与して
も、他の飼料に混合して給与しても、または他の飼料の上にふりかけたり、載せ
たりして給与してもよい。牛の嗜好性、飼育管理の簡便さの点からは、他の飼料
の上にふりかけて給与するのが望ましい。
通常反芻動物に給与される粗脂肪は全飼料に対して約５重量％が限度で
あるが、本発明の油脂ペレットを使用することによって約７〜８重量％にまで向
上させることができる。
〔発明の効果〕
本発明では脂肪酸カルシウム含有反芻動物用の油脂ペレットにおいて、殿粉質
物質を使用することによって、脂肪酸カルシウム含量の高い油脂ペレットを造粒
性よく円滑に得ることができる。
その上、本発明の油脂ペレットは、反芻動物による嗜好性が高く、分娩後の反
芻動物にとって極めて重要な高カロリーの油脂（脂肪酸）を、従来よりも少量の
油脂ペレット給与量で効率よく多給与でき、その結果、乳中の乳脂率の向上およ
び泌乳量の増加を達成することができる。
また本発明の油脂ペレットは、硬度およびＰＤＩ値が高いため、崩壊しにくく
、取り扱い性に優れている。
以下に、本発明を例を挙げて具体的に説明するが、本発明はそれらの例によっ
て限定されない。
ここで上記したおよび以下の例中のペレットの硬度およびＰＤＩ値は、下記の
方法により測定した。
〔ペレットの硬度の測定〕
木屋式穀粒硬度測定器によりペレット２０粒の破壊圧（kg／cm2）測定値を平
均して求めた。
〔ペレットのＰＤＩ値の測定〕
油脂ペレット５００ｇをStroupの粉化率試験機に入れ、１分間５０回転に調節
されたギャード・モータで１０分間回転させた。回転後のペレットを目開き５．
５mmの篩で３０秒間篩分けし、篩上に残ったペレットの重量を測定し、下記の式
によりＰＤＩ値を求めた。
例１〜４（実施例）
下記の第１表に示した油脂ペレット配合の各々を押出式ペレット造粒ジョーダ
１０ＨＰ（上田鉄工所社製）に１７０kg／分の割合で供給し、温度８０℃で混練
して、孔径６mmのダイスから押出し、これを長さ１０mmに切断後、乾燥して油脂
ペレットを得た。
その結果、各々の油脂ペレットの硬度およびＰＤＩ値は下記の第１表に示した
とおりであった。例 ５（比較例）
上記例１における油脂ペレット配合における小麦粉およびコーンスターチの全
量（合計１５部）を糖蜜に代えて例１と同様にして油脂ペレットの製造を行った
ところ、油脂ペレット配合の保形性がなく押出機ダイスから円滑に押出し得ずペ
レットに造粒できずマッシュ状のものしか得られなかった。
例 ６（嗜好性試験）
１区１５頭の乳牛を５区準備した。
第１区の乳牛に対しては、例１の油脂ペレットを１頭当り２００ｇになるよう
に飼料の上にふりかけて、採食性の良否を観察した。
第２区、第３区 第４区および第５区の乳牛に対しても、例２、例３、例４お
よび例５の油脂ペレットを各々１頭当り２００ｇになるように飼料の上にふりか
けて、上記と同様にして採食性の良否を観察した。
その結果を第２表に示す。 上記第２表の結果から、例１〜４の本発明の油脂ペレットが例５（比較例）の
マッシュ状油脂に比べて乳牛による嗜好性が著しく秀れていることがわかる。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to fat pellets for ruminants. More particularly, the present invention relates to ruminant fat and oil pellets containing fatty acid calcium as a fat and oil component. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is known that feeding fat to ruminants such as cattle can increase the percentage of milk fat in milk due to its high calories and sometimes lead to an increase in milk production. From this point, it is necessary to feed large amounts of high-calorie fat, especially in early lactation after delivery and in high-capacity ruminants that secrete large amounts of milk. However, oversupply of fat has an adverse effect on the rumen of the ruminant, which reduces digestibility in the rumen and causes the ruminant to lose appetite. In particular, a large supply of fat greatly inhibits digestion of the fibrous feed in the rumen, and a decrease in digestibility of such a fibrous feed results in a decrease in milk fat ratio. From this point, various attempts have been made to develop fats that can be supplied to ruminants without causing a decrease in digestibility or appetite. As one of such conventional techniques, fatty acids and fats and oils are coated with other materials that are stable in the rumen such as proteins, and are not digested in the rumen but digested in the abomasum and the small intestine thereafter. So-called bypass fats and oils are known. However, coating a fat with another material is technically complicated and difficult in many aspects, such as a method of fixing the coating material to the fatty acid and selection of the coating material. Therefore, as a bypass fat or oil that replaces such coated fat, in recent years, bypass fat or oil in the form of a compound that is not digested in the rumen but digested in the abomasum and beyond has been developed. Fatty acid calcium is known as one of the bypass fats. This is a good use of the property that fatty acid calcium is stable and does not decompose under neutral to weak acidity, but decomposes into fatty acid and calcium under strong acidity. In the rumen in the state, it passes without being decomposed, and in the strongly acidic state, it is decomposed into fatty acids and calcium in the abomasum, and the resulting fatty acids are smoothly digested and absorbed from the abomasum and on, and milk It leads to increased milk fat percentage and increased milk production. On the other hand, fatty acid calcium is a paste-like solid mass, which is difficult to be ingested by ruminants as it is, and is usually supplied in pellets or the like,
Heretofore, granulation into pellets has been performed using molasses as a binder, and in that case, the limit of the fatty acid calcium contained in the pellets was 30%. However, fat pellets produced using molasses as a binder usually have a hardness of about 0,1.
5 to 3.0 kg / cm 2 , the PDI value (pellet anti-disintegration index) was as low as about 4.0 to 7.0, so that it was easily disintegrated, difficult to handle, and inferior in palatability by ruminants (this specification). The method for measuring the hardness and PDI value in the book will be described later.) Moreover, in such pellets having a low fatty acid calcium concentration, it is necessary to feed a large amount of fat and oil pellets in order to supply a large amount of fatty acid to ruminants. Was causing a shortage of salaries. [Details of the Invention] From this point, the present inventors have developed a fat and oil pellet containing a fatty acid calcium at a high concentration, a high hardness and a high PDI value, and it is difficult to disintegrate and is easy to handle, and further, a pellet having high palatability by ruminants. I have been conducting research for the purpose of obtaining. As a result, when starch is used as a binder instead of the conventional technique using molasses as a binder, pellets having a high fatty acid calcium content can be obtained, and the obtained pellets have hardness and PDI values. The present invention was found to be highly disintegrating, difficult to disintegrate, easy to handle, and highly preferred by ruminants, and completed the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention is a fat or oil pellet for ruminants, comprising fatty acid calcium and a starch substance. In the present invention, the content of fatty acid calcium in the pellets is reduced by granulating the pellets using the starch substance to about 5 to 30 in the conventional fatty acid calcium pellets using molasses as a binder. From a low value of 50% by weight
It can be as high as 90% by weight. In the present invention, as the fatty acid calcium, calcium salts of fatty acids derived from vegetable oils (eg, palm oil fatty acid calcium, soybean oil fatty acid calcium, rice bran oil fatty acid calcium, etc.), and fatty acid calcium derived from animal oils (eg, tallow fatty acid calcium) , Tallow / pork fat mixed fatty acid calcium, pork fatty acid calcium, etc.)
And fatty acid calcium derived from mixed vegetable / animal oils and fats (eg, rice bran oil / fatty acid derived fatty acid calcium, palm oil / tallow fat derived fatty acid calcium). Among them, beef tallow / pork tallow mixed fatty acid calcium and rice bran oil / pork tallow mixed fatty acid calcium are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of palatability. In this case, the fatty acid in the fatty acid calcium may be composed of only one kind of fatty acid, or may be a mixture of plural kinds of fatty acids. Further, such a fatty acid may be a saturated fatty acid or an unsaturated fatty acid. There may be. Among them, especially, medium-chain fatty acids such as stearic acid and oleic acid, and calcium salts of a combination thereof are desirable from the viewpoint of improvement in milk fat ratio, milk production, and palatability. The content of the fatty acid calcium in the fat or oil pellet of the present invention is preferably set to 50 to 90% based on the weight of the pellet. Further, as the starch substance in the fat and oil pellet of the present invention, any substance containing starch can be used, for example, potato starch, corn starch, tapioca starch,
Starches such as wheat starch; wheat flour, rice flour, corn flour, mylo flour, rye flour,
Cereal flour such as barley flour and oat flour; rice, wheat, barley, corn, milo, barley,
Grains such as millet, rye, oats and the like can be used. Among them, powdery substances such as wheat flour and corn flour are preferred from the viewpoints of a large binding force, good granulation properties, and good anti-disintegration properties of pellets. The starch substance may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The starch material in the fat pellets is reduced to about 5 to 2 based on the weight of the fat pellets.
The content of 0% is preferred from the viewpoint that pellets having a high fatty acid calcium content can be smoothly granulated and the pellets have good anti-disintegration properties. The fat / oil pellets of the present invention may be formed only from fatty acid calcium and starch substances, but they enhance the palatability of ruminants, enhance nutritional value, improve digestion and absorption, enhance physical strength, and the like. In view of the above, other components such as protein materials, spices, seasonings, niacin and other nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and amino acids may be contained as necessary. In particular, the addition of niacin is preferable because it prevents a decrease in the non-fat solid content ratio, smoothes lipid metabolism, and the like. In that case, if the content of these other components is too large, it is necessary to pay attention that the content of fatty acid calcium in the pellets is relatively reduced, and the content of these other components is calculated based on the total weight of the pellets. Preferably, it is less than about 45%. The oil / fat pellet of the present invention is produced by granulating a material containing a fatty acid calcium and a starch substance into pellets, and the granulation into the pellet is performed by any method commonly used in pellet production. It can also be performed by an apparatus, for example, an extrusion type granulator, a compression type granulator and the like can be adopted.
And among them, pellet granulation by an extrusion granulator is preferable from the viewpoint of mass continuous production. At the time of granulation into pellets, the fatty acid calcium and starch substance may be heated to about 80 to 150 ° C. to melt the fatty acid calcium, and may be granulated under water as needed. The fat and oil pellets of the present invention have a diameter of about 3 to 12 mm, a column of about 5 to 20 mm in length, and a spherical shape of about 3 to 12 mm in diameter from the viewpoints of palatability by ruminants, fluidity of the pellets, and ease of handling. , Preferably an elliptical shape. The oil / fat pellets of the present invention have a hardness of about 3.5 to 15 kg / cm 2 and a PDI value of about 8 to 9.5. Desirable in terms of ease of handling. Such oil and fat pellets of the present invention, cattle, sheep, goats, antelope, ruminants such as deer,
Of these animals, they are especially fed to postpartum cows. Desirable feeding periods vary depending on the type of animal and the like, but it is usually preferable to feed cows for about 90 to 100 days after calving, and for sheep about 40 to 50 days. The salary is usually
About 400 to 1500 g of pellets per animal per day (about 30
0 to 600 g). The daily dose may be paid at once or may be divided into several doses. The dose may be the same every day or may vary from day to day. From the point of view, it is preferable to avoid a change in the amount of salary from day to day, and to divide a day into several times. Further, the fat and oil pellets of the present invention can be fed directly to ruminants, or mixed and fed with other feeds, or sprinkled or placed on other feeds. You may. From the viewpoint of the palatability of cattle and the simplicity of breeding management, it is desirable to sprinkle it on other feed and feed it. The amount of crude fat normally fed to ruminants is limited to about 5% by weight of the total feed, but can be increased to about 7 to 8% by weight by using the fat pellets of the present invention. [Effects of the Invention] In the present invention, fat and oil pellets having a high fatty acid calcium content can be smoothly obtained with good granulation properties by using a starch substance in fat and oil pellets containing fatty acid calcium for ruminants. In addition, the fat and oil pellets of the present invention have high palatability by ruminants, and efficiently supply high calorie fats (fatty acids), which are extremely important for ruminants after parturition, with a smaller amount of fat and oil pellets than before. As a result, it is possible to achieve an improvement in the percentage of milk fat in milk and an increase in milk yield. Moreover, since the fats and oils pellets of the present invention have high hardness and PDI value, they are hardly disintegrated and are excellent in handleability. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. The hardness and PDI value of the pellets described above and in the following examples were measured by the following methods. [Measurement of Pellet Hardness] The fracture pressure (kg / cm 2 ) of 20 pellets was measured by a Kiya type grain hardness tester and averaged. [Measurement of PDI Value of Pellets] 500 g of fat / oil pellets were put in a powdering tester of Stroup, and were rotated for 10 minutes by a gear motor adjusted to 50 rotations for 1 minute. 4. Open the pellet after rotation.
The mixture was sieved with a 5 mm sieve for 30 seconds, the weight of the pellet remaining on the sieve was measured, and the PDI value was determined by the following formula. Examples 1 to 4 (Examples) Each of the fat and oil pellet formulations shown in Table 1 below was supplied to an extruded pellet granulating joda 10HP (manufactured by Ueda Iron Works) at a rate of 170 kg / min. The mixture was kneaded, extruded from a die having a hole diameter of 6 mm, cut into a length of 10 mm, and dried to obtain a fat / oil pellet. As a result, the hardness and PDI value of each fat / oil pellet were as shown in Table 1 below. Example 5 (Comparative Example) The production of oil and fat pellets was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the total amount of flour and corn starch (15 parts in total) in the mixture of oil and fat pellets in Example 1 was changed to molasses. It could not be extruded smoothly from the extruder die, could not be granulated into pellets, and could only be obtained in mash form. Example 6 (Preference test) 15 dairy cows in one section were prepared in five sections. For the dairy cows in the first section, the fat and oil pellets of Example 1 were sprinkled on the feed so as to have a weight of 200 g per cow, and the quality of eating performance was observed. Sections 2 and 3 Spread the fat and oil pellets of Examples 2, 3, 4 and 5 on the feed so that each dairy cow in sections 4 and 5 has a weight of 200 g per cow. Then, the quality of the foraging property was observed in the same manner as described above. Table 2 shows the results. From the results in Table 2 above, it can be seen that the fat and oil pellets of the present invention of Examples 1 to 4 are significantly superior in palatability by dairy cows compared to the mash-like fat and oil of Example 5 (Comparative Example).
Claims (1)
を含有する反芻動物用油脂ペレット。Claims Ruminant fat pellets containing starchy substances and 50-90% by weight, based on the weight of the pellets, of fatty acid calcium.
Family
ID=
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