JP2633199B2 - How to build a concrete foundation - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for constructing a concrete foundation (also referred to as wrapped concrete) which is a foundation of a building or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As shown in FIG. 20, a conventional method of constructing a concrete foundation is as follows: first, a hole 80 having a predetermined size is excavated by a backhoe (also called a yumbo) (a), (B), black ink is printed thereon (c), and a mold 83 is constructed (d). In this case, when the form 83 is high, the work is performed by temporarily assembling the scaffold 84. Then, concrete 85 is poured into the form 83 (e), and when the concrete 85 is hardened, the operator again enters the hole 80 and removes the form 83 (f).
The surroundings were backfilled to construct a concrete base 85 (g).

[0003]

However, in the conventional method of constructing a concrete foundation, a worker had to enter the hole 80 excavated in this way to perform the work. Hole 8 to prevent collapse
Therefore, there is a problem that a large amount of soil is removed after the hole 80 is dug and the amount of soil to be backfilled is large. Further, the form 83 is not attached until the waste concrete 82 is hardened, and when the form 83 is removed, the concrete 85 needs to be completely hardened, so that many days (usually about 15 to 20 days) are required for the work. There was a problem that it took. The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and reduces the amount of earth removal during excavation and the amount of soil to be backfilled, and does not require a skilled carpenter, and shortens the work schedule. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method of building a manufacturing base.

[0004]

According to the present invention, there is provided a semiconductor device comprising:
The method for constructing a concrete foundation described in the first aspect includes a first step of excavating a vertical hole slightly larger than the foundation to be constructed, and suspending a vertically open formwork having a plate fixed to the outside of a bone frame in the vertical hole. A second step of embedding, a third step of partially backfilling the outside of the formwork, and a fourth step of pouring ready-mixed concrete into the formwork to a position equal to or slightly lower than the backfill height. A fifth step of vertically raising the formwork to a position where the lower wall is slightly buried in the surface of the ready-mixed concrete while the ready-mixed concrete does not solidify;
Further, the third to fifth steps are repeated to construct a concrete base having a predetermined height.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the method for constructing a concrete foundation according to the first aspect, a short leg is provided on the formwork, and the height of the mounting portion of the short leg is adjusted during suspension. , The mold is set vertically. The method of constructing a concrete foundation according to claim 3 includes a first step of excavating a vertical hole slightly larger than the foundation to be constructed, and a vertical bone having an upper and lower opening slightly larger than the foundation to be constructed. A second step of suspending the frame, a third step of adjusting the height of the lower portion of the bone frame, and erecting the bone frame vertically to substantially the center of the vertical hole, and temporarily placing a plate material inside the bone frame. A fourth step of fixing and forming a mold;
A fifth step of pouring ready-mixed concrete to the height of the foundation in the formwork, and after the poured concrete has hardened,
It comprises a sixth step of pulling up and removing only the bone frame, and a seventh step of removing a large number of plate members from which the bone frame has been removed and backfilling the periphery of the concrete foundation.

[0005]

In the method for constructing a concrete foundation according to the first and second aspects, first, a vertical hole slightly larger than the foundation to be constructed is excavated, and a formwork having a plate material fixed to the outside of the bone frame is hung. Put in. Thereby, even if the foundation is constructed in a place where the soil layer is likely to collapse, the collapse of the surrounding wall can be prevented by the formwork. In this case, since the plate material of the mold is fixed to the outside of the bone frame, the bone frame can prevent the plate material from falling inward even when earth pressure is applied. The outside of the mold is then partially backfilled. In this way, it is possible to catch the plate material of the form from going to the outside, and it is possible to cast the ready-mixed concrete to a position equal to or slightly lower than the outside backfill height. Then, while the ready-mixed concrete does not solidify, the form is lifted vertically to a position where the lower wall is slightly buried in the surface of the ready-mixed concrete. As a result, the outer backfilled soil (including gravel, stone, and the like) forms a formwork, and the shape of the inner concrete can be secured. And
Since the mold is raised to a predetermined height and used as an upper mold, the amount of the mold can be reduced. By repeating the above steps, a deep foundation can be constructed with a small number of molds. In particular, in the method for constructing a concrete foundation according to claim 2, since the formwork is provided with a short leg, when the formwork is set in a vertical hole, only the portion on which the short leg rides is leveled. The level of the formwork may be adjusted by performing the adjustment. That is, if there is no short leg in the mold, it is necessary to adjust the level over the entire wide range of the lower side of the mold, but in the case of the present invention, the portion of the short leg (usually, (4 places), so that the level adjustment period can be shortened. And in the construction method of the concrete foundation of Claim 3, first,
Drill a vertical hole slightly larger than the foundation to be built, and suspend an open and closed bone frame slightly larger than the foundation. Here, the level of the bone frame is adjusted, but it is preferable to provide a short leg without a horizontal member at the bottom of the bone frame. Thus, by adjusting the level of the short leg portion, the bone frame can be vertically set in the vertical hole. Then, a plate is stretched in the bone frame and temporarily fixed with a number line or the like to form a mold. Then, ready-mixed concrete is poured into the formwork. In this case, a load is applied to the form by the cast concrete, but since the plate material forming the form is stretched inside the bone frame, the load is supported by the outer bone frame. Next, after the ready-mixed concrete has hardened,
The outer bone frame is pulled up, which frees the plate, so that the plate is peeled off the concrete and pulled up to remove it. Thereafter, the surroundings of the concrete foundation are backfilled to complete the concrete foundation.

[0006]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments embodying the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings to provide an understanding of the present invention. Here, FIG. 1 to FIG. 10 are process explanatory diagrams of a method for constructing a concrete foundation according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
Is a side view of a mold used in the method, and FIGS. 12 to 19 are process explanatory diagrams of a method of constructing a concrete foundation according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

First, a method of constructing a concrete foundation according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, first, a vertical hole 11 having a depth of about 5 m and a width of about 120 to 160 cm wider than a foundation to be constructed with the backhoe 10 is excavated. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the pre-assembled formwork 12 is hung in the center of the vertical hole 11 using the backhoe 10.

The mold 12 has a quadrangular shape in plan view, and as shown in FIG. 11, a bone frame 17 having four surrounding pillars 13 and three beams 14 to 16 connecting them. A plurality of plate members (sheet pile, usually 30 mm) surrounding the outside of the bone frame 17.
× 210 mm × 2 to 4 m) 18. Mounting holes are appropriately formed in the beams 14 to 16 and the pillars 13, and the plurality of plate members 18 are nailed to the bone frame 17 by using a wire 19 or a wooden backing plate as necessary. Almost completely fixed. Note that the lowermost beam 15 is disposed at a position of about 50 to 60 cm from the lower end of the plate 18. The beam 15 is not buried in the poured concrete. The side plate 18 can be fixed to the bone frame 17 using screws.

At the bottom of each bone frame 17 is a column 13
Is extended 10 to 20 cm from the lower end of the
Are formed, and a mounting hole 22 is formed in the upper part of the square pillar 13.
Is formed, and the suspension wire 24 is
Is fixed, and the formwork 12 can be hung by the backhoe 10 as shown in FIG. In addition,
The inner size plane of the mold 12 is the same as the plane of the foundation to be constructed.

When the mold 12 is inserted into the vertical hole 11, as shown in FIG. 3, the level (plane) of the hole bottom 25 does not come out, so that the mold 12 is inclined. Therefore, FIG.
As shown in (1), the lower part of the square short leg 21 is dug by a lifting machine (pick, breaker) 26 to set a certain level, and the formwork 12 is set up vertically. In this case, even if there is a partial collapse of the side wall 28 of the vertical hole 11, the mold 12 can protect the inside worker.

Next, as shown in FIG. 5, a worker 27 levels the hole bottom 25. This removes excess earth and sand and increases the adhesion between the hole bottom 25 and the foundation to be built. In addition,
Here, 29 is a ramp. Then, after retracting the worker 27 from the vertical hole 11, the mold 12 and the vertical hole 11 are removed.
Is filled back by about 50 to 100 cm. As a result, the plate 18 is pressed against the bone frame 17 from the outside, and
2 reinforcements can be performed.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 6, a ready-mixed concrete 32 is filled with a concrete mixer truck 31 to the same height as the backfill soil. In addition, it is preferable that the filling height of the ready-mixed concrete 32 is substantially the same as the backfilled earth and sand,
If the number is small, the construction efficiency will be poor.
8 is damaged by excessive force,
Is leaked from the gap of the plate 18.

Next, as shown in FIG.
While the ready-mixed concrete 32 is not solidified,
Raise 2 slightly. In this case, the pulling height of the mold 12 is set to a position where the plate 18 below the mold 12 is slightly buried from the surface of the ready-mixed concrete 32. Then, the gap 30 between the mold 12 and the vertical hole 11 is backfilled with earth and sand by about 50 to 100 cm, and the fresh concrete 32 is put into the concrete mixer truck 31 to the same height as the backfill height.

The above-mentioned backfilling and ready-cast concrete placement work is repeated until the ready-cast concrete placement position reaches a predetermined height (2 to 3 m or more). As shown in FIG.
Is pulled up to a position where it is slightly buried in the surface of the ready-mixed concrete 32 (preferably about 50 cm buried). And the construction of the foundation 33 is temporarily completed.

In the construction described above, it is one day to form the frame 12 by forming the bone frame 17 from the angle material prepared in advance and mounting the plate 18 around the frame 17 to insert the frame 12 into the vertical hole 11 for one day. It takes about 2 to 2 days to put concrete 32 and build a temporary foundation, and about 3 days to cure the poured concrete. The total work time is about 6 to 7 days. Have. Further, the method for constructing a concrete foundation according to the first embodiment includes the steps of:
Even when the work is performed inside, since the formwork 12 is provided around the work, the work can be performed safely even on the ground that is relatively easily collapsed.

Subsequently, referring to FIGS. 12 to 19,
A method for constructing a concrete foundation according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG.
A vertical hole 35 larger than the foundation to be constructed by about 20 to 100 cm is excavated, and a bone frame 36 in which an angle member is assembled in advance is hung by a hanging wire 37 or the like, and as shown in FIG. Put the bone frame 36 in the center of the frame. Short legs 38 are provided at the lower four corners of the bone frame 36.

Then, as shown in FIG.
The hole bottom 39 on which the vehicle rides is lifted by the lifting machine 26 to raise the level, and the bone frame 36 is erected vertically. If necessary, the hole bottom 39 is leveled. Next, a plate material (sheet pile) 40 is stretched around the inside of the bone frame 36 by using a line, and in some cases a nail or the like, to form a vertically open mold frame 41. In this case, as shown in FIG. 15, a wedge 44 is driven between the plate 42 and the upper beam 42 and the intermediate beam 43 of the bone frame 36,
FIG. 16 shows a state in which the plate member 38 is tilted in a small area (about 1 degree) inside.
The mold 41 is placed in the vertical hole 35 in a vertical state as shown in FIG.

Next, as shown in FIG. 17, the ready-mixed concrete 45 is poured into the form 41 by the concrete mixer truck 31 to the height of the foundation to be constructed, and left for 1-2 days to harden the concrete.

After the concrete has hardened to form a temporary foundation 46, the wedge 4 inserted as shown in FIG.
Pull out 4. The wedges 44 may be pulled out individually,
6 may be removed by slightly lifting it up. In this state, as shown in FIG.
And will be separated. When the bone frame 36 is completely lifted as shown in FIG. 19, the plate member 40 is separated from the foundation 46. Therefore, all of the plate members 40 are taken out, and the space between the foundation and the vertical hole 35 is backfilled to complete a temporary concrete foundation. I do.

The method for constructing a concrete foundation according to the second embodiment can be applied to the case where the side surface of the vertical hole 35 is relatively hard and hard to collapse.
Since the process until the mold 41 is accurately arranged is about one day, and the period from when the fresh concrete 45 is cast and hardened is about two days, the construction is completed in a very short time.

In the above embodiment, a wooden board is used as the board, but a reinforced plastic or the like having sufficient strength may be used. In addition, the formwork is suspended using a backhoe, but it is naturally possible to use a crane truck or the like. Also, the basis is in this embodiment:
Although square in plan view, the present invention is applicable to a circular or elliptical shape. Further, in the first embodiment,
In the construction of small foundations, the formwork is pre-
It may be made of P, aluminum, wood, or a composite material of them as an integral product.

[0022]

According to the first and second aspects of the present invention, the method of constructing a concrete foundation is carried out by repeating the operation of backfilling the outer periphery of the form suspended from the vertical hole and the operation of placing ready-mixed concrete into the form. Since it is a method of constructing a concrete foundation (lapple foundation) having a predetermined height, a deep foundation can be constructed with a small formwork. In addition, the amount of soil removed during excavation and the amount of soil to be backfilled can be reduced, and a formwork carpenter or the like is not required, and the number of working days can be reduced. In the method for constructing a concrete foundation according to claim 3, a formwork carpenter is not required, and a concrete foundation (lapple foundation) can be constructed in an extremely short period of time.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a process explanatory diagram of a method for constructing a concrete foundation according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the same step.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the same step.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the same step.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of the process.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of the same step.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the same step.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the same step.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the same step.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the same step.

FIG. 11 is a side view of a mold used in the method.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of steps of a method for constructing a concrete foundation according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the same step.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of the same step.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of the same step.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of the same step.

FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of the same step.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of the same step.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of the same step.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of a method of constructing a concrete foundation according to a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Backhoe 11 Vertical hole 12 Formwork 13 Column 14 Beam 15 Beam 16 Beam 17 Bone frame 18 Plate material 19 Track 21 Short leg 22 Mounting hole 23 Shackle 24 Suspension wire 25 Hole bottom 26 Hanging machine 27 Worker 28 Side wall 29 Trap 30 Gap 31 Concrete mixer truck 32 Ready-mixed concrete 33 Foundation 35 Vertical hole 36 Bone frame 37 Suspension wire 38 Short leg 39 Hole bottom 40 Plate 41 Formwork 42 Beam 43 Beam 44 Wedge 45 Ready-mixed concrete 46 Foundation

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A first step of excavating a vertical hole slightly larger than a foundation to be constructed, and a second step of suspending a vertically open formwork having a plate material fixed to the outside of a bone frame in the vertical hole. A third step of partially backfilling the outside of the formwork, a fourth step of pouring ready-mixed concrete into the formwork to a position equal to or slightly lower than the backfill height, A fifth step of vertically raising the formwork to a position where its lower wall is slightly buried in the surface of the ready-mixed concrete while the form is not set; and repeating the third to fifth steps to further increase the concrete foundation having a predetermined height. A method of constructing a concrete foundation, characterized by constructing a concrete foundation. 2. The concrete base according to claim 1, wherein a short leg is provided on the formwork, the height of the mounting portion of the short leg is adjusted during suspension, and the formwork is set vertically. How to build. 3. A first step of excavating a vertical hole slightly larger than a foundation to be constructed, and a second step of suspending a vertically-open vertical frame slightly larger than the foundation to be constructed.
And a third step of adjusting the height of the lower part of the bone frame so that the bone frame stands upright at substantially the center of the vertical hole; and temporarily fixing a plate material inside the bone frame, A fourth step of forming the concrete, a fifth step of placing the ready-mixed concrete into the form to the height of the foundation, and a sixth step of pulling up and removing only the bone frame after the poured concrete has hardened. And a seventh step of removing a number of plate members from which the bone frame has been removed and backfilling the periphery of the concrete foundation.