JP2607116B2 - Synchronous meshing device - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a synchronous meshing device, and more particularly, to a driving force transmission of a four-wheel drive vehicle having a manual converter for a vehicle or a two-wheel / four-wheel switching mechanism. The present invention relates to a synchronous meshing device used for a system switching device and the like.

2. Description of the Related Art In a manual transmission, a synchronous meshing device for changing a speed or switching a driving force transmission path after equalizing the peripheral speeds of two rotating bodies in a manual transmission generally has a key and a spline and uses a shift fork. A synchronously rotating body having a sleeve movable in the axial direction, a tapered cone in frictional contact with the inner peripheral surface of the synchronizer ring, and a spline that meshes with a spline of the sleeve; the sleeve and the synchronized rotating body; Between the copper, copper alloy or other special alloy synchronous ring having a spline with a conical inner peripheral surface and a chamfer on the outer side, which is loosely fitted to the tapered cone of the synchronized rotating body and interposed therebetween. Synchronizer ring.

In such a synchronous meshing device, a soft layer is formed by applying paper lining to the entire inner peripheral surface of the synchronizer ring in order to increase a friction coefficient between the inner peripheral surface of the synchronizer ring and the tapered cone of the synchronized rotating body. There is known a synchromesh device which enhances a synchronizing effect.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

In this known synchronous meshing device, the coefficient of friction between the inner peripheral surface of the synchronizer ring and the tapered cone of the synchronized rotating body is large, so that the synchronizing effect between the synchronizer ring and the synchronized rotating body is enhanced, but it is formed on the spline of the sleeve. When the chamfer formed pushes the chamfer formed on the spline of the synchronizer ring, the inner peripheral surface of the synchronizer ring and the tapered cone of the synchronized rotating body are in overall frictional contact, and the friction coefficient between them is compared. There is a problem in that the sleeve requires a relatively large operating force to push the synchronizer ring apart.

The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and when a synchronizer ring synchronizes with a synchronized rotating body, a friction coefficient therebetween is increased to enhance a synchronization effect, and a spline of a sleeve is used as a synchronizer. When the splines of the rings are pushed apart, the frictional coefficient between them is reduced and the operating force for the pushing is reduced, whereby smooth and efficient gear shifting or switching of the driving force transmission system can be performed. It is an object to provide a synchronous meshing device.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a synchronous meshing device for equalizing the peripheral velocities of two rotating bodies,
A synchronized rotating body having an axially slidable sleeve, a spline formed on the synchronized rotating body and meshing with a spline formed on the sleeve, and a tapered cone; and the sleeve and the synchronized rotating body. An inner peripheral surface interposed between the sleeve and the sleeve, the inner peripheral surface being adapted to be loosely fitted to the tapered cone of the synchronized rotating body, and coming into frictional contact with the tapered cone formed on the synchronized rotating body; and the sleeve. And a synchronizer ring comprising an annular body having a chamfer provided on the sleeve capable of restricting the movement of the sleeve and a spline provided with a chamfer having substantially the same shape. The inner peripheral surface of the synchronizer ring is composed of a soft portion made of an elastic material and a hard portion made of a rigid material, The protrusion protrudes slightly inward in the radial direction from the hard portion, and the soft portion is compressed during the synchronizing operation of the device, so that the hard portion also abuts on the tapered cone. Is set high enough to contact the tapered cone. A synchronous meshing device is provided.

(Operation)

With the above-described configuration of the present invention, in the present synchronous meshing device, the chamfer of the spline of the synchronizer ring and the chamfer of the spline of the sleeve abut, and the sleeve presses the synchronizer ring, so that the soft portion of the inner peripheral surface of the synchronizer ring and The hard part and the tapered cone of the synchronized rotating body are in frictional contact to transmit friction torque with a high friction coefficient, thereby increasing the synchronization effect.On the other hand, synchronization is completed, and the synchronizer ring's sleeve spline blocking force is released, and the sleeve is released. When the spline pushes the synchronizer ring apart, the synchronizer ring and the sleeve rotate relative to each other in the circumferential direction, and the hard part of the inner peripheral surface of the synchronizer ring separates from the taper cone and only the soft part comes into frictional contact with the taper cone. And therefore sink The coefficient of friction between the inner peripheral surface of the riser ring and the tapered cone is reduced, the relative rotation between the synchronizer ring and the sleeve becomes easier, and the chamfer formed on the spline of the sleeve with less operation force is formed on the spline of the synchronizer ring Can be pushed out. Thus, synchronization between the synchronizer ring and the synchronized rotating body is effectively performed by the high friction coefficient therebetween, and furthermore, the pressing of the sleeve side spline against the synchronizer ring side spline is performed smoothly and quickly with a small operating force. .

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic partial sectional view showing a portion of a manual transmission for an automobile using a synchronous meshing device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a front view showing the entire synchronizer ring according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, the synchronous meshing device 1 includes a clutch hub 6 spline-fitted to the output shaft 3,
A sleeve 4 is spline-fitted on its outer peripheral surface so as to be slidable back and forth, a plurality of keys 5 arranged in the circumferential direction between the sleeve 4 and the clutch hub 6, and at both sides of the clutch hub 6. The spline 21 of the input gear, that is, the spline 21 of the driven rotating body 2 and the spline 71 of the driven gear 7
And the taper cone of the input gear 2 and the driven gear 7
Synchronizer rings 10, 10 loosely fitted to 23, 73, respectively
a. When the clutch hub 6 is slid in the axial direction by a shift fork (not shown) and leftward in FIG. 1, the sleeve 4 engages with the spline 15 of the synchronizer ring 10 and then the synchronizer ring via the key 5. 10 is pressed against the tapered cone 23 of the input gear 2, the rotation of the clutch hub 6 and the spline 21 causes the sleeve 4 and the synchronizer ring to rotate.
Synchronized via 10. In this state, the sleeve 4 is further fitted to the spline 21 of the input gear 2,
The input gear 2 is connected to the output shaft 3 via the spline 21, the sleeve 4, and the clutch hub 6.

Conversely, when the sleeve 4 is slid in the axial direction and rightward in FIG. 1, the driven gear 7 is similarly connected to the output shaft 3 via the spline 71, the sleeve 4, and the clutch hub 6.

The synchronizer rings 10, 10a are made of a metal, for example, a bronze ring 12 as shown in FIGS.
The annular body 12 has a comb-shaped tooth structure or spline 15 on its outer periphery, and the inner circumferential surface or bronze of the annular body 12 to increase the coefficient of friction between the synchronizer rings 10 and 10a and the tapered cones 23 and 73. The surface is provided with a plurality of soft portions or soft layer portions 13 made of paper lining made of, for example, metal fibers or mineral fibers, spaced circumferentially and across the width of the annular body 12. On the other hand, in order to increase the friction coefficient, the inner peripheral surface of the annular body 12 other than the soft layer portion 13, that is, the bronze surface, extends in the width direction of the annular body, and the inner peripheral surface thereof is the soft layer portion 13. The molybdenum is sprayed with a thickness such that the molybdenum is formed slightly radially outward from the inner peripheral surface of the metal layer. Thus, on the inner peripheral surface of the synchronizer ring 10, the soft layer portions 13 and the hard layer portions 14 are formed alternately over the entire circumference and over the entire width of the annular body in the axial direction,
Further, the soft layer portion 13 projects slightly inward in the radial direction than the hard layer portion 14.

With such a configuration of the inner peripheral surface of the synchronizer ring 10, the soft layer portion 13 is provided on the tapered cone 23 of the synchronized rotating body 2 before the hard layer portion 14, and after the hard layer portion is separated from the tapered cone 23. Will continue to contact the tapered cone 23.

Next, the operation state of the synchronous meshing device 1 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail.

FIG. 4 is a partial schematic cross-sectional view showing, in an enlarged manner, the periphery of the synchronizer ring 10 of the synchronous meshing device 1 shown in FIG. 1, and shows a state where the synchronous meshing device 1 is in a neutral state (position I) in a practical battle. The state (position II) is indicated by a broken line. FIG. 5 is a partial schematic cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 4, showing the borg state (position III) by a solid line, and the state of completion of gear shifting by a broken line. 6, 7, and 8 are partial plan views of the synchromesh device 1 in an index state, a borg state, and a shift completed state, respectively.

When the sleeve 4 is axially slid leftward in FIG. 4 by a shift fork (not shown) from the neutral state shown in FIG. 4, the key groove 17 of the synchronizer ring 10 is moved.
The key 5 of the sleeve 4 abuts against the end face of the sleeve 4, and the key 5 presses the synchronizer ring 10, and the soft layer portion 13 on the inner peripheral surface of the synchronizer ring 10 comes into contact with the input gear, that is, the tapered cone 23 of the synchronized rotating body 2. In this state, the synchronizer ring 10 and the sleeve 4 can rotate relative to each other, and the end of the key groove 17 of the synchronizer ring 10 and the key 5 can be rotated.
The synchronizer ring 10 and the sleeve 4 rotate relative to each other by an amount corresponding to the gap between the chamfer 41a formed on the spline 41 of the sleeve and the chamfer 15a formed on the spline 15 of the synchronizer ring 10. Then, a so-called index state as shown in FIG. 6 is obtained (position II).

Further, when the sleeve 4 is moved to the left, the spline 41 of the sleeve and the spline of the synchronizer ring 10 are moved.
15 and their end faces, that is, the chamfers 41a and 15a come into contact with and engage with each other (position III), resulting in a residual borg state as shown in FIG. 7, and the movement of the sleeve in the axial direction is restricted,
The sleeve 4 presses the synchronizer ring 10 and a friction torque is generated between the synchronizer ring 10 and the tapered cone 23 of the synchronized rotating body 2, so that synchronization is performed.

Due to the pressing force of the sleeve 4 against the taper cone 23 of the synchronizer ring 10, the soft layer portion 13 applied to the inner peripheral surface of the synchronizer ring 10 becomes a hard layer portion.
Radially compressed until it is substantially the same thickness as 14,
The hard layer portion 14 abuts on the taper cone 23, and the inner peripheral surfaces of the soft layer portion 13 and the hard layer portion 14 of the synchronizer ring 1 come into frictional contact with the taper cone 23. As a result, the frictional contact area between the synchronizer ring 10 and the synchronized rotating body 2 increases, the friction coefficient between the synchronizer ring 10 and the tapered cone 23 increases, and the transmission from the synchronized rotating body 2 to the synchronizer ring 10 is performed. The frictional torque is increased, and the synchronizing effect is enhanced. Thus, the synchronizing operation of the synchromesh 1 is performed quickly and effectively.

When the synchronization is completed, the friction torque disappears, and the blocking force on the sleeve 4 by the spline 15 of the synchronizer ring 10 is released. As a result, the spline of the sleeve 4
At 41, the spline 15 is pressed and moved further in the axial direction. At this time, the sleeve 4 and the synchronizer ring 10 rotate relative to each other in the circumferential direction, and the pressing force of the sleeve 4 on the synchronizer ring 10 is reduced, so that the synchronizer ring 10 moves very slightly in the axial direction and in the direction away from the tapered cone 23 of the synchronized rotating body 2.

As a result, the hard layer portion 4 of the synchronizer ring 10 separates from the tapered cone 23, and only the soft layer portion 13 comes into frictional contact with the tapered cone 23. Hard layer part 14
Is separated from the taper cone 23, the frictional contact area between the synchronizer ring 10 and the taper cone 23 is reduced, the coefficient of friction is reduced, the relative rotation of the synchronizer ring 10 to the sleeve 4 is facilitated, and the sleeve with a smaller operating force is used. 4 can be pressed against the spline 15.

The spline 41 of the sleeve 4 pushes the spline 15 and then meshes with the spline 21 of the synchronized rotating body 2, thus completing the speed change operation (position IV).

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the spline 15 of the synchronizer ring 10 and the spline 41 of the sleeve 4 are in contact with each other, and the sleeve 4 presses the synchronizer ring 10, whereby the soft layer on the inner peripheral surface of the synchronizer ring 10 is formed. The portion 13 and the hard layer portion 14 are brought into frictional contact with the tapered cone 23 of the synchronized rotating body 2, thereby transmitting a friction torque with a high coefficient of friction therebetween to enhance a synchronization effect, while completing synchronization. Synchronizer ring 10
When the blocking force of the sleeve 4 against the spline 41 is released and the spline 41 pushes the spline 15 of the synchronizer ring 10, the synchronizer ring 10 and the sleeve 4 rotate relative to each other in the circumferential direction, and the inner surface of the synchronizer ring becomes hard. The layer portion 14 separates from the taper cone 23 and only the soft layer portion 13 comes into frictional contact with the taper cone 23,
Therefore, the coefficient of friction between the synchronizer ring 10 and the taper cone 23 is reduced, the relative rotation between the synchronizer ring 10 and the sleeve 4 is facilitated, and the spline 41 can push the spline 15 with a smaller operating force.
Thus, synchronization between the synchronizer ring 10 and the synchronized rotating body 2 is effectively performed, and furthermore, their engagement is smoothly and quickly performed with a small operation force.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention described in the claims, and it goes without saying that they are also included in the scope of the present invention. Absent.

(Effect)

With the above configuration of the present invention, when the synchronizer ring synchronizes with the synchronized rotating body, the coefficient of friction therebetween increases, the synchronization effect is enhanced, and when the splines of the sleeve push the splines of the synchronizer ring, And the splines can be pressed and separated with a smaller operating force, and smooth and efficient gear shifting or switching of the driving force transmission system can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic partial sectional view showing a portion of a manual transmission for an automobile using a synchronous meshing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view showing the entire synchronizer ring. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic cross-sectional view showing the periphery of the synchronizer ring 10 of the synchromesh apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in a neutral state and an index state of the synchromesh apparatus. FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged schematic cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 4, showing the synchronous meshing device in a borg state and a shift completed state. 6, 7, and 8 show the index state,
FIG. 4 is a partial plan view of the synchromesh device in a borg state and a gear shift completed state. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Synchronous meshing device 2 ... Input gear or synchronized rotating body 3 ... Output shaft 4 ... Sleeve 5 ... Key 6 ... Clutch hub 7 ... Driven gear 10 ... Synchronizer ring 12 ... Annular body 13 ... ... soft part or soft layer part 14 ... hard part or hard layer part 15 ... spline 15a ... chamfer 17 ... keyway 21 ... spline 23 ... taper cone 41 ... spline 41a ... chamfer

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A synchronous meshing device for equalizing the peripheral velocities of two rotating bodies, comprising: a sleeve slidable in an axial direction; and a spline formed on the synchronized rotating body and meshed with a spline formed on the sleeve. A synchronized rotating body having a spline and a tapered cone that are fitted with each other, and being interposed between the sleeve and the synchronized rotating body and being loosely fitted to the tapered cone of the synchronized rotating body, An annular shape having an inner peripheral surface that comes into frictional contact with a tapered cone formed on the synchronized rotating body, a spline engaged with the sleeve, and provided with a chamfer having substantially the same shape as the chamfer provided on the sleeve. A synchronizer ring comprising a body, wherein the inner peripheral surface of the synchronizer ring has a soft portion made of an elastic material and a rigid material. And the soft portion slightly projects radially inward from the hard portion, and the soft portion is compressed during the synchronizing operation of the device, so that the hard portion also abuts the tapered cone. After the completion of the synchronizing action, the synchromesh device is set at such a high level that only the soft portion contacts the tapered cone.