JP2602216B2 - クロマトグラフ・カラムおよびその使用方法 - Google Patents
クロマトグラフ・カラムおよびその使用方法Info
- Publication number
- JP2602216B2 JP2602216B2 JP61503648A JP50364886A JP2602216B2 JP 2602216 B2 JP2602216 B2 JP 2602216B2 JP 61503648 A JP61503648 A JP 61503648A JP 50364886 A JP50364886 A JP 50364886A JP 2602216 B2 JP2602216 B2 JP 2602216B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- frit
- housing
- bed
- spaced
- channel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000013375 chromatographic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 78
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- POIUWJQBRNEFGX-XAMSXPGMSA-N cathelicidin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 POIUWJQBRNEFGX-XAMSXPGMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/10—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features
- B01D15/14—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to the introduction of the feed to the apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/10—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features
- B01D15/18—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns
- B01D15/1807—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns using counter-currents, e.g. fluidised beds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/38—Flow patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/10—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features
- B01D15/18—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns
- B01D15/1864—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns using two or more columns
- B01D15/1885—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns using two or more columns placed in parallel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/38—Flow patterns
- G01N2030/386—Radial chromatography, i.e. with mobile phase traversing radially the stationary phase
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/50—Conditioning of the sorbent material or stationary liquid
- G01N30/52—Physical parameters
- G01N2030/522—Physical parameters pressure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/60—Construction of the column
- G01N30/6004—Construction of the column end pieces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/90—Plate chromatography, e.g. thin layer or paper chromatography
- G01N30/92—Construction of the plate
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/90—Plate chromatography, e.g. thin layer or paper chromatography
- G01N30/94—Development
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US794,727 | 1985-11-04 | ||
| US06/794,727 US4627918A (en) | 1985-11-04 | 1985-11-04 | Chromatography column using horizontal flow |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63501693A JPS63501693A (ja) | 1988-07-14 |
| JP2602216B2 true JP2602216B2 (ja) | 1997-04-23 |
Family
ID=25163487
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61503648A Expired - Lifetime JP2602216B2 (ja) | 1985-11-04 | 1986-06-05 | クロマトグラフ・カラムおよびその使用方法 |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4627918A (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP0245285B1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP2602216B2 (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR900007856B1 (https=) |
| AT (1) | ATA902686A (https=) |
| AU (1) | AU5999986A (https=) |
| CA (1) | CA1274787A (https=) |
| DE (2) | DE3690561C2 (https=) |
| GB (1) | GB2191418B (https=) |
| NL (1) | NL8620258A (https=) |
| SE (1) | SE501692C2 (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO1987002594A1 (https=) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9421479B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2016-08-23 | Ge Healthcare Bioprocess R&D Ab | Containers for chromatography media |
Families Citing this family (47)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5032283A (en) * | 1983-03-03 | 1991-07-16 | The Perkin Elmer Corporation | Low dispersion fluid conduit useful in chromatography systems |
| US4882047A (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1989-11-21 | Ht Chemicals, Inc. | Zero-void column end plate for chromatography |
| US4676898A (en) * | 1985-11-04 | 1987-06-30 | Sepragen Corporation | Chromatography column using horizontal flow |
| US4865729A (en) * | 1985-11-04 | 1989-09-12 | Sepragen Corporation | Radial thin layer chromatography |
| JPS6332368A (ja) * | 1986-07-25 | 1988-02-12 | Tosoh Corp | 高密度充填型の濾過装置 |
| US4840730A (en) * | 1986-07-25 | 1989-06-20 | Sepragen Corporation | Chromatography system using horizontal flow columns |
| US4740298A (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1988-04-26 | Sepragen Corporation | Chromatography column/moving belt interface |
| US5013433A (en) * | 1987-01-21 | 1991-05-07 | H.T. Chemicals, Inc. | Zero void column end plate for chromatography |
| US4833083A (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1989-05-23 | Sepragen Corporation | Packed bed bioreactor |
| JP2595015B2 (ja) * | 1988-02-25 | 1997-03-26 | 東ソー株式会社 | 液体クロマトグラフィー用カラムの充填剤充填層の形成方法、及び同方法に用いる可動栓型カラム装置 |
| US5433847A (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1995-07-18 | Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College | Radial flow chromatography |
| US5137628A (en) * | 1990-02-20 | 1992-08-11 | Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc. | Sealing arrangement for a chromatography column |
| US5089125A (en) * | 1990-02-20 | 1992-02-18 | Hart Robert L | Chromatography column with sealing arrangement |
| DE4119203A1 (de) * | 1990-08-07 | 1992-02-13 | Bio Rad Laboratories | Chromatographieeinsatz |
| US5169522A (en) * | 1990-09-25 | 1992-12-08 | Ht Chemicals, Inc. | Column slurry packing compressor |
| US5354460A (en) * | 1993-01-28 | 1994-10-11 | The Amalgamated Sugar Company | Fluid transfer system with uniform fluid distributor |
| US5462659A (en) * | 1993-06-15 | 1995-10-31 | Sepragen Corporation | Chromatography column |
| US6096870A (en) * | 1994-01-05 | 2000-08-01 | Sepragen Corporation | Sequential separation of whey |
| US6001253A (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1999-12-14 | Dyax Corporation | Liquid chromatography column |
| US5817354A (en) * | 1996-08-22 | 1998-10-06 | Sepragen Corporation | High throughput debittering |
| CN1087641C (zh) * | 1997-01-24 | 2002-07-17 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 径向色谱柱用金属螯合亲和膜色谱介质的合成方法 |
| EP1044047A4 (en) | 1997-11-14 | 2008-04-16 | Biotage Inc | LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY COLUMN |
| CZ302614B6 (cs) * | 1998-02-27 | 2011-08-03 | Bia Separations D. O. O. | Porézní samonosná polymerní struktura, výrobek s touto strukturou a zpusob její výroby |
| US6602719B1 (en) | 1999-03-26 | 2003-08-05 | Idexx Laboratories, Inc. | Method and device for detecting analytes in fluids |
| US6551842B1 (en) | 1999-03-26 | 2003-04-22 | Idexx Laboratories, Inc. | Method and device for detecting analytes in fluids |
| US6511814B1 (en) | 1999-03-26 | 2003-01-28 | Idexx Laboratories, Inc. | Method and device for detecting analytes in fluids |
| US6783673B2 (en) | 2002-08-23 | 2004-08-31 | Biotage, Inc. | Composite chromatography column |
| WO2006092172A1 (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2006-09-08 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Column with additional fluid introduction |
| JP5021610B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-07 | 2012-09-12 | ジーイー・ヘルスケア・バイオサイエンス・アクチボラグ | 滅菌法 |
| US7674383B2 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2010-03-09 | Phenomenex, Inc. | Method and apparatus for packing chromatography columns |
| WO2009002780A1 (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2008-12-31 | Ge Healthcare Bio-Sciences Corp. | System and method for assembling a large scale chromatograpy structure |
| US8707971B2 (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2014-04-29 | Xyratex Corporation | Laminated walls for uniform fluid flow |
| EP2166349A1 (en) | 2008-09-22 | 2010-03-24 | Bia Separations D.O.O. | Sample distribution device of samples in liquid chromatographs |
| CN103347581A (zh) * | 2010-03-25 | 2013-10-09 | 西门子私人有限公司 | 改善的径向流动管柱 |
| DE102010049790A1 (de) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-03 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Medizinische Trennvorrichtung |
| WO2012081983A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2012-06-21 | Marcellus Johannes Hubertus Raedts | Disposable horizontal or radial flow type chromatographic column |
| US8685241B1 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2014-04-01 | Sepragen Corporation | Axial and radial flow columns with inflatable seals to facilitate packing and unpacking |
| TWI816721B (zh) | 2017-12-07 | 2023-10-01 | 德商Ｅｍｐ生物科技公司 | 應用徑向技術色層分析術的系統及方法 |
| CN115487539B (zh) | 2018-01-22 | 2024-02-23 | 普罗克西斯公司 | 使用大珠粒色谱介质的直接捕获 |
| NL2022427B1 (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2019-11-07 | Jemp Holding Bv | Direct capture using large bead chromatography media. |
| CN113784770B (zh) | 2019-05-03 | 2024-02-02 | 普罗克西斯公司 | 借助于处理容器清洁色谱填充床材料以及所述容器 |
| WO2020226491A1 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2020-11-12 | Jemp Holding Bv | Chromatography beads container lifting system |
| EP4065591B1 (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2025-12-31 | EMP Biotech GmbH | SEPARATION AND ISOLATION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS USING AFINITY LIGANDS BONDERED TO A SOLID SURFACE |
| US20230117190A1 (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2023-04-20 | Puridify Limited | A chromatography device |
| IL301577A (en) * | 2020-10-06 | 2023-05-01 | Phynexus Inc | Separation device and method of separation |
| NL2030851B1 (en) | 2022-02-08 | 2023-09-05 | Jemp Holding Bv | Method of packing a chromatography column system. |
| US12493018B2 (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2025-12-09 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Load adapter for improved packing bed stability |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB585224A (en) * | 1944-07-14 | 1947-02-03 | Peter Paul Hopf | Improvements in or relating to chromatographic adsorption processes for the separation and purification of materials |
| US3078647A (en) * | 1960-05-12 | 1963-02-26 | Cities Service Res & Dev Co | Continuous gas chromatography |
| US3230167A (en) * | 1962-07-06 | 1966-01-18 | Perkin Elmer Corp | Elution chromatography |
| GB1202441A (en) * | 1966-08-05 | 1970-08-19 | Victor Pretious | Improvements in liquid or gas chromatography |
| DE3021366A1 (de) * | 1980-06-06 | 1981-12-17 | Merck Patent Gmbh, 6100 Darmstadt | Trennsaeule fuer die fluessigkeitschromatorgraphi |
| US4496461A (en) * | 1983-06-17 | 1985-01-29 | Amf Incorporated | Chromatography column |
-
1985
- 1985-11-04 US US06/794,727 patent/US4627918A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1986
- 1986-06-05 AU AU59999/86A patent/AU5999986A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1986-06-05 EP EP86904501A patent/EP0245285B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-06-05 NL NL8620258A patent/NL8620258A/nl unknown
- 1986-06-05 GB GB8715426A patent/GB2191418B/en not_active Expired
- 1986-06-05 JP JP61503648A patent/JP2602216B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-06-05 AT AT0902686A patent/ATA902686A/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-06-05 DE DE3690561A patent/DE3690561C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-06-05 DE DE19863690561 patent/DE3690561T1/de active Pending
- 1986-06-05 WO PCT/US1986/001221 patent/WO1987002594A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-08-21 CA CA000516503A patent/CA1274787A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-09-10 KR KR1019860007593A patent/KR900007856B1/ko not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-07-03 SE SE8702755A patent/SE501692C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9421479B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2016-08-23 | Ge Healthcare Bioprocess R&D Ab | Containers for chromatography media |
| US11969669B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2024-04-30 | Cytiva Sweden Ab | Containers for chromatography media |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE8702755L (sv) | 1987-07-03 |
| SE8702755D0 (sv) | 1987-07-03 |
| JPS63501693A (ja) | 1988-07-14 |
| EP0245285A1 (en) | 1987-11-19 |
| AU5999986A (en) | 1987-05-19 |
| US4627918A (en) | 1986-12-09 |
| EP0245285A4 (en) | 1988-04-18 |
| GB2191418A (en) | 1987-12-16 |
| GB2191418B (en) | 1989-10-25 |
| NL8620258A (nl) | 1987-10-01 |
| WO1987002594A1 (en) | 1987-05-07 |
| SE501692C2 (sv) | 1995-04-24 |
| KR900007856B1 (ko) | 1990-10-22 |
| DE3690561C2 (de) | 1996-05-02 |
| DE3690561T1 (https=) | 1987-10-08 |
| EP0245285B1 (en) | 1992-11-11 |
| GB8715426D0 (en) | 1987-08-05 |
| CA1274787A (en) | 1990-10-02 |
| ATA902686A (de) | 1996-01-15 |
| KR880003654A (ko) | 1988-05-28 |
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