JP2592440B2 - Ti-Al lightweight heat and oxidation resistant material - Google Patents

Ti-Al lightweight heat and oxidation resistant material

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Publication number
JP2592440B2
JP2592440B2 JP2080483A JP8048390A JP2592440B2 JP 2592440 B2 JP2592440 B2 JP 2592440B2 JP 2080483 A JP2080483 A JP 2080483A JP 8048390 A JP8048390 A JP 8048390A JP 2592440 B2 JP2592440 B2 JP 2592440B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
oxidation
ductility
tial
resistant material
oxidation resistance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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JP2080483A
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Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH03277736A (en
Inventor
守 鞘師
晋 磯部
知人 飯久保
俊治 野田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daido Steel Co Ltd
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Daido Steel Co Ltd
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2080483A priority Critical patent/JP2592440B2/en
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 【発明の目的】[Object of the invention]

(産業上の利用分野) 本発明は、軽量であってしかも耐熱・耐酸化性が要求
される機械構造部品ないしは製品の素材として好適に利
用されるTi−Al系軽量耐熱・耐酸化材料に関するもので
ある。 (従来の技術) 例えば、エンジンバルブ,ピストン,ロッカーアーム
等の高速往復運動部品や、ガスタービン,ジェットエン
ジンなどのタービンブレード,ターボチャージャロータ
(ホットホイール)等の高温高速回転運動部品は、近
年、エンジン等の高性能化や利用効率の向上などに伴っ
てますます軽量で且つ耐熱・耐酸化性に優れていること
が要求されるようになってきている。 従来、この種の耐熱・耐酸化性が要求される部品の素
材としては、主にNi基超合金が使用されているが、この
種のNi基超合金は比重が大きいため部品の重量が増大し
たものとなりやすく、イナーシャやタイムラグが生じや
すいものとなることから、比重の小さいセラミックス系
材料も開発され、例えば窒化珪素を素材とするターボチ
ャージャロータもすでに実用化されている。 そしてまた、上記窒化珪素のほか、Ti−Al系金属間化
合物をベースとするTi−Al系材料も開発されるに至って
いる。 このようなTi−Al系の金属間化合物をベースとするTi
−Al系の材料は、窒化珪素と同様に軽量であって耐熱性
にもある程度優れているものの、800℃以上では耐酸化
性が悪くなるという欠点を有しており、このためNbおよ
びSiを複合添加して耐酸化性をより一層向上させたもの
も開発されている。 (発明が解決しようとする課題) このようにNbおよびSiを複合添加することにより耐酸
化性をより一層向上させたTi−Al系の軽量耐熱材料で
は、Ni基超合金である例えばインコネル713Cと同程度の
優れた引張および疲労比強度(強度/密度)を有してい
るが、室温および高温における延性がいまだ十分でない
というきらいがあり、NbおよびSjの複合添加により耐酸
化性をより一層向上させたTi−Al系の軽量耐熱材料にお
いてその室温および高温における延性をさらに向上させ
ることが望まれるという課題があった。 (発明の目的) 本発明は、上記した従来の課題にかんがみてなされた
もので、NbおよびSiの複合添加により耐酸化性をより一
層向上させたTi−Al系の軽量耐熱材料において、その室
温および高温の延性をさらに向上させることができるよ
うにすることを目的としている。
(Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a Ti-Al-based light-weight heat-resistant and oxidation-resistant material which is suitably used as a material of a mechanical structural part or a product requiring light weight and heat resistance and oxidation resistance. It is. (Prior Art) For example, high-speed reciprocating parts such as engine valves, pistons and rocker arms, and high-temperature high-speed rotating parts such as turbine blades such as gas turbines and jet engines and turbocharger rotors (hot wheels) have recently been developed. With higher performance and utilization efficiency of engines and the like, there has been an increasing demand for lightweight and excellent heat and oxidation resistance. Conventionally, Ni-based superalloys have been mainly used as the material for this type of component that requires heat and oxidation resistance, but this type of Ni-based superalloy has a large specific gravity, which increases the weight of the component. Ceramic materials having a small specific gravity have been developed, and for example, turbocharger rotors made of silicon nitride have already been put to practical use. Further, in addition to the above silicon nitride, Ti-Al-based materials based on Ti-Al-based intermetallic compounds have been developed. Ti based on such a Ti-Al intermetallic compound
-Al-based materials are lightweight and have some degree of heat resistance similar to silicon nitride, but have the disadvantage that their oxidation resistance deteriorates at 800 ° C or higher. Compounds with further improved oxidation resistance by complex addition have also been developed. (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) As described above, in a Ti-Al-based lightweight heat-resistant material in which the oxidation resistance is further improved by adding Nb and Si in combination, a Ni-based superalloy such as Inconel 713C is used. Has excellent tensile and fatigue specific strength (strength / density) of the same level, but the ductility at room temperature and high temperature is still insufficient, and the oxidation resistance is further improved by the combined addition of Nb and Sj There is a problem that it is desired to further improve the ductility at room temperature and high temperature in the Ti-Al-based lightweight heat-resistant material. (Object of the Invention) The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and relates to a Ti-Al-based light-weight heat-resistant material whose oxidation resistance is further improved by a composite addition of Nb and Si. And to improve the ductility at high temperatures.

【発明の構成】Configuration of the Invention

(課題を解決するための手段) 本発明に係わるTi−Al系軽量耐熱・耐酸化材料は、重
量%で、Al:32〜36%、NbとSiの複合添加でNb:0.1〜4.0
%、Si:0.05〜2.00%、場合によってはSi:0.50超過〜2.
00%、さらにMn:0.2〜5.0および/またはB:0.005〜0.20
0%を含み、残部実質的にTiよりなり、TiAl中にTi3Alを
5〜40体積%含有する構成としたことを特徴としてい
る。 次に、本発明に係わるTi−Al系軽量耐熱・耐酸化材料
の成分組成(重量%)の限定理由について説明する。 Al:32〜36% AlはTiとともに金属間化合物TiAlおよびTi3Alを構成
する必須の元素であり、Al含有量が少なすぎるとTi3Al
の生成量が多くなりすぎて延性,靭性が低下すると共に
耐酸化性にも劣ったものとなり、反対にAl含有量が多す
ぎるとAl3Tiの生成量が多くなりすぎて延性,靭性が低
下したものとなり、このようなTiAl/Ti3Alの2相合金に
おいて高強度・高延性を得るためには合金中のTi3Alが
5〜40体積%存在するようになすことが必要であり、こ
のためAl含有量を32〜36%の範囲とした。 Nb:0.1〜4.0% NbはSiと共に複合添加することによってNb単独の場合
に比べて耐酸化性をさらに向上させるのに有効な元素で
あり、Siとの共存によってその効果が現われるのは0.1
%からであり、Nbの含有量が増加するにつれて耐酸化性
が向上する。また、NbはTiAlよりもTi3Alに多く固溶し
てTi3Alの強度を高くする効果があるが、4.0%を超える
とこの効果は飽和してむしろ延性を低下させるので、0.
1〜4.0%の範囲とした。 Si:0.05〜2.00% SiはNbと共に複合添加することによってSi単独の場合
に比べて耐酸化性をさらに向上させるのに有効な元素で
あり、Nbとの共存によってその効果が現われるのは0.05
%からである。しかし、2.00%を超えて含有させると珪
素化合物が多量に生成して常温延性および靭性が低下す
るので、0.05〜2.00%、場合によっては0.50超過〜2.00
%の範囲とした。 Mn:0.2〜5.0% MnはTiAlおよびTi3Alの両方に固溶するが、特にTiAl
の方に多量に固溶する元素である。そして、MnがTiAlに
固溶することによりTiAlの室温延性が改善され、固溶強
化によって強度が高くなる。そして、このような効果が
現われるのは0.2%からであるが、5.0%を超えると逆に
延性が低下するので、0.2〜5.0%の範囲とした。 B:0.005〜0.200% BはTiAl/Ti3Al2相合金の結晶粒を微細化し、高温延
性を改善する効果を有する。また、鋳造においては湯回
り性を改善する効果を有する。そして、これらの効果が
現われるのは0.005%からであるが、0.200%を超えると
硼化物であるTiB2が多量に析出して強度および延性を低
下させることとなるので、0.005〜0.200%の範囲とする
必要がある。 Ti:残部 TiはTiAl/Ti3Al2相合金においてTiAlおよびTi3Alを構
成する必須の元素であるので残部とした。 本発明に係わるTi−Al系軽量耐熱・耐酸化材料は上記
の成分組成を有するものであり、この材料においてはTi
Al/Ti3Alの微細ラメラー組織を有している場合が最も特
性が良い。したがって、ラメラー間隔を広くしたりTi3A
lを球状化させるような高温熱処理は好ましくないとい
える。 また、本発明に係わる耐熱・耐酸化材料は溶解法によ
って容易に得ることが可能であるが、粉末法によっても
製造が可能である。 さらにまた、鋳造のみならず鍛造によっても軽量耐熱
・耐酸化部材の製造が可能である。 (発明の作用) 本発明に係わるTi−Al系軽量耐熱・耐酸化材料は、重
量%で、Al:32〜36%、Nb:0.1〜4.0%、Si:0.05〜2.00
%、場合によってはSi:0.50超過〜2.00%、さらにMn:0.
2〜5.0%および/またはB:0.005〜0.200%を含み、残部
実質的にTiよりなり、TiAl中にTi3Alを5〜40体積%含
有する構成としたものであるから、TiAl中にTi3Alが5
〜40体積%含有することによって高強度・高延性が得ら
れ、Si,Nbの、複合添加によって耐酸化性が著しく改善
されたものになると共に、Mnの添加によってTiAlの室温
延性が改善され、延性に優れたTi−Al系軽量耐熱・耐酸
化材料となる。さらに、Bを添加することによって結晶
粒が微細化され、高温における延性が改善されるだけで
なく、鍛造性も改善される。さらにまた上記の各元素を
添加することによって合金の融点が低下するので鋳造性
が改善されるという作用がもたらされる。 (実施例) 原料として、スポンジTi,粒状Alおよびその他添加元
素として純金属を用い、プラズマ・スカル溶解炉により
Ar雰囲気中で第1表に示す化学組成の合金を溶製し、そ
れぞれ約5kgのインゴットに鋳造した。 次に、各インゴットから鋳造ままの状態で引張試験片
および耐酸化試験片を切り出して室温および高温の引張
試験および耐酸化試験を行った。 これらのうち、引張試験は室温および900℃で行い、
また、耐酸化試験は第2表に示すように900℃までの繰
返し加熱・冷却による酸化増量を測定することにより行
った。 これらの引張試験および耐酸化試験の結果を第1表に
あわせて示す。 第1表に示すように従来のTi−Al系材料であるNo.11,
No.12,No.13では酸化増量が著しく大きいものとなって
おり、耐酸化性があまり良くないと共にMnを添加してい
ないNo.11は高温延性があまり良くないものとなってお
り、また、Mnを添加せずにVを添加したNo.13は室温お
よび高温延性もあまり良くないものとなっている。さら
に、従来のTi−Al系材料にNb,Siを添加したNo.14,No.15
では耐酸化性がかなり良好のものになっているものの室
温および高温延性があまり良くないものとなっている。 これに対して、本発明に係わるTi−Al系耐熱・耐酸化
材料であるNo.1〜No.8ではいずれも強度,延性および耐
酸化性共に優れたものとなっており、高温において使用
され且つイナーシャの少ないことが望まれる高速往復運
動部品やタイムラグの少ないことが要求される高速回転
運動部品などの素材として適したものであることが認め
られた。
(Means for Solving the Problems) The Ti-Al-based lightweight heat-resistant and oxidation-resistant material according to the present invention is, in terms of% by weight, Al: 32 to 36%, and Nb: 0.1 to 4.0 in a composite addition of Nb and Si.
%, Si: 0.05 to 2.00%, and in some cases, Si: more than 0.50 to 2.
00%, further Mn: 0.2-5.0 and / or B: 0.005-0.20
Comprise from 0%, and the balance substantially made of Ti, is characterized in that a structure containing Ti 3 Al 5 to 40 vol% in TiAl. Next, the reasons for limiting the component composition (% by weight) of the Ti—Al-based lightweight heat and oxidation resistant material according to the present invention will be described. Al: 32 to 36% Al is an essential element constituting the intermetallic compounds TiAl and Ti 3 Al together with Ti, and if the Al content is too small, Ti 3 Al
Too large a quantity of Al reduces the ductility and toughness and also deteriorates the oxidation resistance. Conversely, if the Al content is too large, the amount of Al 3 Ti generated becomes too large and the ductility and the toughness decrease. In order to obtain high strength and high ductility in such a TiAl / Ti 3 Al two-phase alloy, it is necessary that Ti 3 Al in the alloy be present in an amount of 5 to 40% by volume, Therefore, the Al content is set in the range of 32 to 36%. Nb: 0.1 to 4.0% Nb is an element effective for further improving the oxidation resistance by adding it in combination with Si as compared with Nb alone, and the effect is manifested by coexistence with Si by 0.1%.
%, And the oxidation resistance improves as the Nb content increases. Also, Nb has an effect of increasing the strength of Ti 3 Al by forming a solid solution in Ti 3 Al more than TiAl, but if it exceeds 4.0%, this effect saturates and rather reduces ductility, so that Nb is reduced to 0.1%.
The range was 1 to 4.0%. Si: 0.05 to 2.00% Si is an element effective for further improving the oxidation resistance as compared with the case of Si alone by adding Nb in combination with Nb, and the effect is manifested by coexistence with Nb.
%. However, if it is contained in excess of 2.00%, a large amount of a silicon compound is formed and the room-temperature ductility and toughness are reduced, so that 0.05 to 2.00%, and in some cases, more than 0.50 to 2.00%
%. Mn: 0.2-5.0% Mn forms a solid solution in both TiAl and Ti 3 Al
Is an element that forms a solid solution in a large amount. The room temperature ductility of TiAl is improved by solid solution of Mn in TiAl, and the strength is increased by solid solution strengthening. And, such an effect appears from 0.2%. However, if it exceeds 5.0%, the ductility is conversely reduced. B: from 0.005 to .200% B is fine crystal grains of TiAl / Ti 3 Al2 phase alloy, has the effect of improving the high-temperature ductility. In addition, casting has the effect of improving the meltability. And these effects appear from 0.005%, but if it exceeds 0.200%, a large amount of TiB 2 which is a boride precipitates and lowers the strength and ductility, so the range of 0.005 to 0.200% It is necessary to Ti: Residual Ti is a residual because it is an essential element constituting TiAl and Ti 3 Al in the TiAl / Ti 3 Al two-phase alloy. The Ti-Al-based lightweight heat-resistant and oxidation-resistant material according to the present invention has the above-mentioned component composition.
The characteristics are the best when it has a fine lamellar structure of Al / Ti 3 Al. Therefore, the lamellar spacing can be increased or Ti 3 A
It can be said that high-temperature heat treatment for making l spherical is not preferable. The heat-resistant and oxidation-resistant material according to the present invention can be easily obtained by a melting method, but can also be manufactured by a powder method. Furthermore, it is possible to manufacture a lightweight heat-resistant and oxidation-resistant member not only by casting but also by forging. (Effect of the Invention) The Ti-Al-based light-weight heat- and oxidation-resistant material according to the present invention is, in terms of% by weight, Al: 32 to 36%, Nb: 0.1 to 4.0%, Si: 0.05 to 2.00.
%, In some cases, Si: more than 0.50 to 2.00%, and Mn: 0,0%.
2 to 5.0% and / or B: comprises from 0.005 to 0.200%, the balance substantially made of Ti, since it is obtained by a structure containing Ti 3 Al 5 to 40 vol% in TiAl, in TiAl Ti 3 Al is 5
By adding up to 40% by volume, high strength and high ductility can be obtained, and oxidation resistance is significantly improved by the addition of Si and Nb, and room temperature ductility of TiAl is improved by the addition of Mn. It is a Ti-Al-based lightweight heat and oxidation resistant material with excellent ductility. Further, by adding B, crystal grains are refined, and not only ductility at high temperatures is improved, but also forgeability is improved. Furthermore, the addition of each of the above-mentioned elements lowers the melting point of the alloy, and thus has the effect of improving castability. (Example) As a raw material, sponge Ti, granular Al, and pure metal were used as other additional elements, and the plasma skull melting furnace was used.
In an Ar atmosphere, alloys having the chemical compositions shown in Table 1 were melted and cast into ingots of about 5 kg each. Next, a tensile test piece and an oxidation resistance test piece were cut out from each ingot in an as-cast state, and subjected to a tensile test and an oxidation resistance test at room temperature and high temperature. Of these, tensile tests were performed at room temperature and 900 ° C,
The oxidation resistance test was performed by measuring the increase in oxidation due to repeated heating and cooling up to 900 ° C. as shown in Table 2. The results of the tensile test and the oxidation resistance test are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, conventional Ti-Al-based materials No. 11,
In Nos. 12 and 13, the increase in oxidation is remarkably large, and the oxidation resistance is not so good, and No. 11 which does not contain Mn has a poor high-temperature ductility, and No. 13 in which V was added without adding Mn had poor ductility at room temperature and high temperature. Further, Nb and Si were added to the conventional Ti-Al-based materials No. 14, No. 15
Although the oxidation resistance is fairly good, the room temperature and high temperature ductility are not so good. On the other hand, in the Ti-Al based heat and oxidation resistant materials No. 1 to No. 8 according to the present invention, all have excellent strength, ductility and oxidation resistance, and are used at high temperatures. It was also found that the material was suitable as a material for a high-speed reciprocating component requiring a small amount of inertia or a high-speed rotating component requiring a small time lag.

【発明の効果】【The invention's effect】

本発明に係わるTi−Al系軽量耐熱・耐酸化材料は、重
量%で、Al:32〜36%、NbとSiの複合添加でNb:0.1〜4.0
%、Si:0.05〜2.00%、場合によってはSi:0.50超過〜2.
00%、さらにMn:0.2〜5.0%および/またはB:0.005〜0.
200%を含み、残部実質的にTiよりなり、TiAl中にTi3Al
を5〜40体積%含有するとしたものであるから、耐熱・
耐酸化性に著しく優れていると共に室温および高温延性
に優れたものであって、とくに高温で使用される高速往
復運動部品や高速回転運動部品の素材として適したもの
であり、しかも軽量であって単なる部品の軽量化にとど
まらずイナーシャやタイムラグの少ない部品を提供する
ことができるようになるという著しく優れた効果がもた
らされる。
The Ti-Al-based lightweight heat-resistant and oxidation-resistant material according to the present invention is, in terms of% by weight, Al: 32 to 36%, and Nb: 0.1 to 4.0 by the combined addition of Nb and Si.
%, Si: 0.05 to 2.00%, and in some cases, Si: more than 0.50 to 2.
00%, further Mn: 0.2-5.0% and / or B: 0.005-0.
It comprises 200%, the balance substantially made of Ti, in TiAl Ti 3 Al
Is 5 to 40% by volume.
It has remarkably excellent oxidation resistance and excellent ductility at room temperature and high temperature. It is particularly suitable as a material for high-speed reciprocating parts and high-speed rotating parts used at high temperatures. A remarkably excellent effect that not only mere weight reduction of parts but also parts with little inertia and time lag can be provided is obtained.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

第1図は耐酸化試験に用いた加熱・冷却パターンを示す
説明図である。
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a heating / cooling pattern used in an oxidation resistance test.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 野田 俊治 愛知県知多郡阿久比町大字福住字高根台 16―3 (56)参考文献 特開 平1−298127(JP,A) ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Shunji Noda 16-3 Takanedai, Fukuzumi, Agui-cho, Chita-gun, Aichi Prefecture (56) References JP-A-1-298127 (JP, A)

Claims (3)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】重量%で、Al:32〜36%、NbとSiの複合添
加でNb:0.1〜4.0%、Si:0.05〜2.00%、さらにMn:0.2〜
5.0%を含み、残部実質的にTiよりなり、TiAl中にTi3Al
を5〜40体積%含有することを特徴とするTi−Al系軽量
耐熱・耐酸化材料。
1. Al: 32 to 36% by weight, Nb: 0.1 to 4.0%, Si: 0.05 to 2.00%, Mn: 0.2 to
Including 5.0%, the balance being substantially composed of Ti, Ti 3 Al in TiAl
Is a Ti-Al-based lightweight heat- and oxidation-resistant material containing 5 to 40% by volume.
【請求項2】重量%で、Al:32〜36%、NbとSiの複合添
加でNb:0.1〜4.0%、Si:0.50超過〜2.00%、さらにB:0.
005〜0.200%を含み、残部実質的にTiよりなり、TiAl中
にTi3Alを5〜40体積%含有することを特徴とするTi−A
l系軽量耐熱・耐酸化材料。
(2) Al: 32 to 36% by weight, Nb: 0.1 to 4.0% by combined addition of Nb and Si, Si: more than 0.50 to 2.00%, and B: 0.
Comprises 005 to 0.200%, the balance substantially made of Ti, which is characterized by containing a Ti 3 Al 5 to 40 vol% in TiAl Ti-A
l Lightweight heat and oxidation resistant material.
【請求項3】重量%で、Al:32〜36%、NbとSiの複合添
加でNb:0.1〜4.0%、Si:0.05〜2.00%、さらにMn:0.2〜
5.0%、B:0.005〜0.200%を含み、残部実質的にTiより
なり、TiAl中にTi3Alを5〜40体積%含有することを特
徴とするTi−Al系軽量耐熱・耐酸化材料。
(3) Al: 32 to 36% by weight, Nb: 0.1 to 4.0%, Si: 0.05 to 2.00%, and Mn: 0.2 to
5.0%, B: includes 0.005 to 0.200%, the balance substantially made of Ti, TiAl-based lightweight heat and oxidation material characterized by a Ti 3 Al containing 5-40 vol% in TiAl.
JP2080483A 1990-03-28 1990-03-28 Ti-Al lightweight heat and oxidation resistant material Expired - Fee Related JP2592440B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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JP2080483A JP2592440B2 (en) 1990-03-28 1990-03-28 Ti-Al lightweight heat and oxidation resistant material

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JP2592440B2 true JP2592440B2 (en) 1997-03-19

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JP2707520B2 (en) * 1992-03-06 1998-01-28 大同特殊鋼株式会社 Ti-Al heat resistant parts
JP6540075B2 (en) * 2014-03-27 2019-07-10 大同特殊鋼株式会社 TiAl heat resistant member
CN104451258A (en) * 2014-12-20 2015-03-25 常熟市强盛电力设备有限责任公司 Wind driven generator stator
JP2019210502A (en) * 2018-06-01 2019-12-12 大同特殊鋼株式会社 PREFORM, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF TiAl-BASED TURBINE WHEEL

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