JP2569428B2 - Solar thermal power plant - Google Patents
Solar thermal power plantInfo
- Publication number
- JP2569428B2 JP2569428B2 JP6176421A JP17642194A JP2569428B2 JP 2569428 B2 JP2569428 B2 JP 2569428B2 JP 6176421 A JP6176421 A JP 6176421A JP 17642194 A JP17642194 A JP 17642194A JP 2569428 B2 JP2569428 B2 JP 2569428B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- thermoelectric conversion
- conversion member
- magnetic field
- solar thermal
- thermal power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 156
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 35
- 230000005422 Nernst effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005678 Seebeck effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005679 Peltier effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001035 Soft ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004262 HgTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BGPVFRJUHWVFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=C2C=CC=CC2=[N+]([O-])C1(CC1)CCC21N=C1C=CC=CC1=[N+]2[O-] Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC=CC2=[N+]([O-])C1(CC1)CCC21N=C1C=CC=CC1=[N+]2[O-] BGPVFRJUHWVFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001245 Sb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KPSZQYZCNSCYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[B] Chemical compound [B].[B] KPSZQYZCNSCYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002140 antimony alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPYVAWXEWQSOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium antimonide Chemical compound [Sb]#[In] WPYVAWXEWQSOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical group [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001443 photoexcitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005676 thermoelectric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005421 thermomagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Landscapes
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は太陽光を集光、集熱して
発電を行なう太陽熱発電装置に関し、より詳細には、太
陽光を熱源として熱電変化素子により熱発電を行なう太
陽熱発電装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar thermal power generation device that collects and collects sunlight to generate electric power, and more particularly to a solar thermal power generation device that uses a solar light as a heat source to generate heat by a thermoelectric element.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近時、太陽熱を利用して発電を行なう太
陽熱発電装置は、エネルギー利用の効率化、更には石油
代替エネルギー源の開発の点からもその重要性、実用化
が注目されるに至っている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, solar thermal power generators that generate electricity by using solar heat have attracted attention for their importance and practical application in terms of improving the efficiency of energy use and further developing an alternative energy source for petroleum. Has reached.
【０００３】従来の太陽熱発電装置として、例えば、電
気学会技術報告（II部）第１８７号（５３頁）「太陽エ
ネルギー利用技術の進展」（電気学会、昭和６０年４月
刊）には、図１２に示すような発電装置が開示されてい
る。この発電装置は、太陽光を集光して水、フロン等を
加熱し、過熱蒸気により、タービンを回して発電するも
のである。[0003] As a conventional solar thermal power generation device, for example, in IEEJ Technical Report (Part II) No. 187 (p. 53), “Progress of Solar Energy Utilization Technology” (IEEJ, April 1985), FIG. A power generator as shown in FIG. This power generation device condenses sunlight, heats water, chlorofluorocarbon, and the like, and uses a superheated steam to turn a turbine to generate power.
【０００４】図１２において、太陽光は曲面又は平面型
鏡面を有する集光装置により集光され、集熱部にて集熱
される。集熱部は、蒸発器と過熱器から成り、蒸発器で
発生した飽和蒸気は気水分離器を介して過熱器に送出さ
れ、過熱器出口からは、一例として３７０℃、２９ｋｇ
／ｃｍ2 の温度、圧力の過熱蒸気が出力される。また、
高い方では、４３０℃の温度の過熱蒸気が出力される。
この過熱蒸気は潜熱型溶融塩蓄熱器を過熱した後、蓄熱
槽に蓄えられる。In FIG. 12, sunlight is condensed by a condensing device having a curved surface or a flat mirror surface, and is collected by a heat collector. The heat collecting section is composed of an evaporator and a superheater, and the saturated steam generated in the evaporator is sent to the superheater through the steam separator, and from the superheater outlet, for example, 370 ° C. and 29 kg
/ Superheated steam having a temperature and a pressure of 2 cm 2 is output. Also,
On the higher side, superheated steam at a temperature of 430 ° C. is output.
This superheated steam is stored in the heat storage tank after overheating the latent heat type molten salt regenerator.
【０００５】蓄熱槽から取り出された飽和蒸気は潜熱型
溶融塩蓄熱器で過熱され、１４気圧、３４６℃の過熱蒸
気となってタービンに送出され定格出力１０００ｋＷの
発電を行う。[0005] Saturated steam taken out of the heat storage tank is superheated by a latent heat type molten salt regenerator to be superheated steam at 14 atm and 346 ° C and sent to a turbine to generate power with a rated output of 1000 kW.
【０００６】また、動作媒体として、例えばフロン等の
低沸点媒体を用いる低沸点媒体タービンを用いて発電装
置を構成した場合、低沸点媒体を集熱器の中で直接蒸発
させることができ、集光系と集熱器の構成が簡易とな
る。そして、低沸点媒体タービンを用いた発電装置の動
作温度は、約１２０〜１８０℃程度とされる。[0006] Further, when a power generating device is configured using a low-boiling-point medium turbine using a low-boiling-point medium such as Freon as an operating medium, the low-boiling-point medium can be directly evaporated in a heat collector. The configuration of the optical system and the heat collector is simplified. The operating temperature of the power generator using the low-boiling-point medium turbine is about 120 to 180 ° C.
【０００７】さらに、太陽熱をエネルギー源とする発電
装置として、ソーラー・セル（太陽電池セル）のように
光電変換方式により特別な集光装置を有しない太陽熱発
電装置がある。ソーラー・セルは、半導体に内部電界発
生原因を設け、半導体に光を当てると、光励起により発
生した電子・正孔が内部電界により分極され、内部電界
方向の半導体両端部に起電力を生じることを利用したも
のである。Further, as a power generating apparatus using solar heat as an energy source, there is a solar thermal power generating apparatus which does not have a special light condensing device by a photoelectric conversion method such as a solar cell (solar cell). Solar cells provide a cause of internal electric field generation in a semiconductor, and when light is applied to the semiconductor, electrons and holes generated by photoexcitation are polarized by the internal electric field and generate electromotive force at both ends of the semiconductor in the direction of the internal electric field. It was used.
【０００８】ソーラー・セルの典型的な構成の一例とし
てＰ型Ｓｉ（シリコン）を基板とした例を図１１に示
す。図において、受光面には、通常くし型の電極が設け
られ、更に受光面の表面には反射防止膜処理が施されて
いる。なお、ソーラー・セルには、Ｓｉ単結晶やアモル
ファスＳｉの他、理論変換効率が高く、高集光動作が可
能なＧａＡｓ、ＩｎＰ等の化合物半導体も用いられてい
る。FIG. 11 shows an example of a typical configuration of a solar cell using a P-type Si (silicon) substrate. In the figure, a comb-shaped electrode is usually provided on the light-receiving surface, and the surface of the light-receiving surface is subjected to an antireflection film treatment. In addition, a compound semiconductor such as GaAs or InP, which has a high theoretical conversion efficiency and can perform a high light-condensing operation, is used for the solar cell in addition to the Si single crystal and amorphous Si.
【０００９】そして、太陽電池電源においては、複数の
ソーラー・セルがアレイ状に配置され、日照時にはソー
ラー・セル出力が負荷に供給されると共に蓄電池を充電
し、日陰時には２次電池側から電力が供給されるように
構成される。In a solar cell power supply, a plurality of solar cells are arranged in an array, and the output of the solar cells is supplied to the load and the storage battery is charged in the sunshine, and the power is supplied from the secondary battery in the shade. Configured to be supplied.
【００１０】[0010]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】図１２に示した上記従
来の太陽熱発電装置は、過熱蒸気を供給してタービンを
回す発電装置であり、高出力を達成するためには必然的
に装置は大型化し、また集光装置自体も大型化の一途を
辿る。因みに、上記従来例において出力１０００ｋＷの
出力を得る場合、３ｍ×１．５ｍの寸法の平面鏡が実に
２４８０台、長さ３．６ｍ×開口幅３．８ｍの曲面鏡は
１２４台用いられている。The conventional solar thermal power generator shown in FIG. 12 is a power generator for supplying superheated steam and rotating a turbine. In order to achieve a high output, the apparatus is necessarily large in size. In addition, the size of the light collecting device itself continues to increase. Incidentally, when an output of 1000 kW is obtained in the above-mentioned conventional example, 2,480 plane mirrors having dimensions of 3 m × 1.5 m are used, and 124 curved mirrors having a length of 3.6 m × aperture width of 3.8 m are used.
【００１１】従って、上記従来の太陽熱発電装置をコン
パクト化、即ち、小型軽量化することは、低電力化に直
結し、実用上困難であり、更には装置の最適設計値から
のズレによる熱効率の劣悪化に繋り、このため、この種
の発電装置を小型化すると同時に発電効率の向上を達成
することは困難であった。これは、太陽エネルギーは、
そのエネルギー密度が低いため、効率を改善しない限
り、発電装置のコンパクト化は原理的に困難であること
に由る。因みに、太陽エネルギーのエネルギー密度は、
原子炉、火力発電所のバーナー等のエネルギー密度と比
べ約２桁程低い。Accordingly, it is difficult to reduce the size of the conventional solar thermal power generation device, that is, to reduce its size and weight, because it is directly linked to the reduction in power consumption and is practically difficult. As a result, it has been difficult to reduce the size of this type of power generation device and at the same time to improve the power generation efficiency. This is solar energy
Due to its low energy density, it is difficult in principle to reduce the size of the power generator unless the efficiency is improved. By the way, the energy density of solar energy is
It is about two orders of magnitude lower than the energy density of burners in nuclear reactors and thermal power plants.
【００１２】また、上記ソーラー・セルを用いた光電変
換発電装置においては、これを熱機関と見做して、その
効率をカルノー・サイクルの効率、即ち、η＝（Ｔh −
Ｔ1 ）／Ｔh で評価することができる。ここに、Ｔh は
高温側の温度、Ｔ1 は低温側の温度（ともに絶対温度）
をそれぞれ表わしている。上記カルノー・サイクルの効
率ηは、熱機関の効率（ｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ）に対し
て、最大率を与える。Further, in the photoelectric conversion power generation device using the above-mentioned solar cell, this is regarded as a heat engine, and its efficiency is regarded as the efficiency of the Carnot cycle, that is, η = (T h −
T 1) can be evaluated in the / T h. Here, Th is the temperature on the high temperature side, and T 1 is the temperature on the low temperature side (both absolute temperatures)
Respectively. The efficiency η of the Carnot cycle gives the maximum rate to the heat engine efficiency.
【００１３】この場合、低温側の温度Ｔ1 を室温（＝３
００Ｋ、摂氏２７℃）とし、高温側の温度Ｔh を例えば
３３３Ｋ（摂氏６０℃）とすると、効率ηは高々１０％
程度となり、この値がアモルファスＳｉから成る太陽電
池の熱効率の最大値とされている。In this case, the temperature T 1 on the low temperature side is set to room temperature (= 3
00K, a C 27 ° C.), when the temperature T h of the high-temperature side eg 333K and (C 60 ° C.), the efficiency η is at most 10%
This value is regarded as the maximum value of the thermal efficiency of the solar cell made of amorphous Si.
【００１４】従って、本発明は、前記従来の問題点を解
消し、熱源として太陽熱を用いた熱電変換方式の発電装
置において、装置の小型化に著しく適合し、且つ発電効
率の極めて高い、全く新規な太陽熱発電装置を提供する
ことを目的とする。Accordingly, the present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems and provides a thermoelectric conversion type power generation device using solar heat as a heat source, which is remarkably adapted to miniaturization of the device and has a very high power generation efficiency. It is an object to provide a simple solar thermal power generation device.
【００１５】[0015]
【課題を解決するための手段】前記目的を達成するた
め、本発明は、太陽光を集光する集光手段と、該集光手
段により集光された太陽光を熱源として熱発電する発電
手段と、を有し、該発電手段が、所定の空隙に磁場を発
生する磁場発生手段と、該空隙の間に配設され、前記磁
場と交叉する方向からみて一側が前記集光手段により加
熱される熱電変換部材と、該熱電変換部材の他側を冷却
する冷却手段と、を備え、前記熱電変換部材内に生じる
温度勾配の方向と前記磁場の方向に互いに垂直な方向に
沿って前記熱電変換部材の両端から電圧を取り出すよう
にした太陽熱発電装置を提供する。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a light condensing means for condensing sunlight, and a power generating means for generating heat by using the sunlight condensed by the light condensing means as a heat source. Wherein the power generating means is provided between the magnetic field generating means for generating a magnetic field in a predetermined gap and the magnetic field, and one side is heated by the light collecting means when viewed from a direction crossing the magnetic field. A thermoelectric conversion member, and cooling means for cooling the other side of the thermoelectric conversion member. The thermoelectric conversion member extends in a direction perpendicular to a direction of a temperature gradient generated in the thermoelectric conversion member and a direction of the magnetic field. Provided is a solar thermal power generator configured to extract voltage from both ends of a member.
【００１６】また、本発明においては、発電手段が筒状
の真空パイプを備え、磁場発生手段は、真空パイプの内
側に設けられた永久磁石を有し、互いに異なる磁極が空
隙と対向するリング形態に形成され、冷却手段は磁場発
生手段の中空部に配設された冷却パイプを具備する。本
発明においては、真空パイプにおいて、少なくとも熱電
変換部材が配設される部位に対応して窓部が設けられ、
磁場発生手段の外周面と前記真空パイプの内周面との間
には真空の間隙が設けられる。Further, in the present invention, the power generating means has a cylindrical vacuum pipe, the magnetic field generating means has a permanent magnet provided inside the vacuum pipe, and a ring configuration in which different magnetic poles face the air gap. The cooling means includes a cooling pipe disposed in a hollow portion of the magnetic field generating means. In the present invention, in the vacuum pipe, at least a window portion is provided corresponding to a portion where the thermoelectric conversion member is provided,
A vacuum gap is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic field generating means and the inner peripheral surface of the vacuum pipe.
【００１７】そして、本発明においては、熱電変換部材
の断面は、熱電変換部材を形成する熱電変換素子の特性
に応じて、加熱側端を長辺とし冷却側端を短辺とする略
台形型の形状とされるている。In the present invention, the cross section of the thermoelectric conversion member has a substantially trapezoidal shape having a long side on the heating side and a short side on the cooling side depending on the characteristics of the thermoelectric conversion element forming the thermoelectric conversion member. The shape is.
【００１８】さらに、本発明においては、集光手段は放
物型曲線の集光面を有し、発電手段を集光手段の集光面
に並行して配設し、窓部に集光面の焦線が一致するよう
に配置されている。Further, in the present invention, the light-collecting means has a light-collecting surface of a parabolic curve, and the power-generating means is disposed in parallel with the light-collecting surface of the light-collecting means, and the light-collecting surface is provided on the window. Are arranged so that their focal lines coincide with each other.
【００１９】また、本発明は、集光手段が、磁場と交叉
する方法からみて熱電変換部材の一側に設けられ、互い
に対向し且つ前記熱電変換部材から離間するに従い拡開
するミラーと、一側が熱電変換部材に接続された熱吸収
体と、を有し、冷却手段を熱電変換部材の他側に付設
し、熱電変換部材は磁場発生手段の磁極間の空隙の間に
配設され、温度勾配と磁場の方向の両方に垂直な方向に
電圧を取り出すようにした太陽熱発電装置を提供する。According to another aspect of the present invention, a mirror is provided on one side of the thermoelectric conversion member in view of a method of crossing the magnetic field, and the mirror is opposed to each other and expands as the distance from the thermoelectric conversion member increases. And a heat absorber connected to the thermoelectric conversion member, and a cooling means is provided on the other side of the thermoelectric conversion member, and the thermoelectric conversion member is disposed between the gaps between the magnetic poles of the magnetic field generating means, and has a temperature. Provided is a solar thermal power generation device configured to extract a voltage in a direction perpendicular to both a gradient and a direction of a magnetic field.
【００２０】そして、本発明における熱電変換部材は、
好ましくは、熱電変換素子と絶縁層とを交互に複数層堆
積して成る積層体として形成される。The thermoelectric conversion member according to the present invention comprises:
Preferably, it is formed as a laminate formed by alternately depositing a plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements and insulating layers.
【００２１】さらに、本発明は、一側を受光面とする集
熱導体と、一端が共に該導体の他側に接続された、互い
に異種の熱電変換素子から成るΠ型熱電変換部材と、前
記Π型熱電変換部材の他端を冷却するための冷却手段
と、を備え、更に、前記Π型熱電変換部材に対し所定の
方向に磁場を印加し、太陽光により前記電極が過熱され
前記Π型熱電変換部材の他端に設けられた電極から電圧
を取り出すように構成された太陽熱発電装置を提供す
る。Further, the present invention provides a heat collecting conductor having a light receiving surface on one side, a Π-type thermoelectric conversion member comprising thermoelectric conversion elements of different types, one end of which is connected to the other side of the conductor, Cooling means for cooling the other end of the Π-type thermoelectric conversion member, further applying a magnetic field in a predetermined direction to the 電 -type thermoelectric conversion member, the electrode is overheated by sunlight, and the Π-type Provided is a solar thermal power generator configured to extract voltage from an electrode provided at the other end of a thermoelectric conversion member.
【００２２】[0022]
【発明の概要】本発明に係る太陽熱発電装置は、太陽熱
を熱源としネルンスト効果（Ｎｅｒｎｓｔ Ｅｆｆｅｃ
ｔ）等の熱磁気効果により熱発電を行なうもので、集光
された太陽光の熱エネルギーにより熱電変換部材の一側
端は加熱され、他側端は冷却手段により冷却されるた
め、熱電変換部材内には高温側から低温側に熱流が流
れ、この向きに温度勾配が生じ、磁場発生手段により温
度勾配の方向に直交する方向に磁場が印加されるため、
熱電変換部材内にはネルンスト効果により温度勾配の方
向と磁場の方向の両方に垂直な方向に電場が発生する。
電位（ポテンシャル）は電場を距離について積分したも
のであり、熱電変換部材において電場の方向の両端部に
起電力が発生し、両端部に電極を設けることにより、該
電極から電圧を取り出すことができる。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A solar thermal power generation device according to the present invention uses solar heat as a heat source and has a Nernst effect.
The thermoelectric effect is generated by the thermomagnetic effect such as t). One side end of the thermoelectric conversion member is heated by the heat energy of the condensed sunlight, and the other side end is cooled by the cooling means. A heat flow flows from the high temperature side to the low temperature side in the member, a temperature gradient is generated in this direction, and the magnetic field is applied by the magnetic field generation means in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the temperature gradient,
An electric field is generated in the thermoelectric conversion member in a direction perpendicular to both the direction of the temperature gradient and the direction of the magnetic field due to the Nernst effect.
The electric potential (potential) is obtained by integrating the electric field with respect to the distance. Electromotive force is generated at both ends in the direction of the electric field in the thermoelectric conversion member, and by providing electrodes at both ends, a voltage can be taken out from the electrodes. .
【００２３】また、本発明においては、発電手段は、好
ましくは、集光された太陽光を透過させる窓部を設けた
筒形状の発電パイプとして構成され、発電パイプは真空
パイプから形成される。熱電変換部材は発電パイプ内部
において、窓部に対応する位置に、磁場発生手段の磁極
間の空隙の間において発電パイプの長手方向に延在して
配設され、該熱電変換部材の長手方向両端間の長さに比
例した起電力が発生する。そして、発電パイプは、その
窓部がパラボラ型の集光装置の焦線に合致するように位
置合わせされて配置される。In the present invention, the power generation means is preferably configured as a cylindrical power generation pipe provided with a window through which the condensed sunlight passes, and the power generation pipe is formed of a vacuum pipe. The thermoelectric conversion member is disposed inside the power generation pipe at a position corresponding to the window, and extends in the longitudinal direction of the power generation pipe between the gaps between the magnetic poles of the magnetic field generating means. An electromotive force proportional to the length of the gap is generated. Then, the power generation pipe is positioned and arranged so that its window coincides with the focal line of the parabolic concentrator.
【００２４】本発明においては、磁場発生手段の空隙の
間に配設される熱電変換部材の断面形状は、好ましく
は、該熱電変換部材を形成する熱電変換素子の電機伝導
率及び熱伝導率等の素子特性に応じて、最適に形状・寸
法が設計される。熱電変換部材の断面は一般に略台形型
の形状とされ、加熱側は幅を大とし、冷却側は幅を小と
し、例えば高温側と低温側の電流の均一化を達成し、熱
電変換部材内における温度勾配の一様化を実現してい
る。In the present invention, the cross-sectional shape of the thermoelectric conversion member provided between the gaps of the magnetic field generating means is preferably such as the electric conductivity and the heat conductivity of the thermoelectric conversion element forming the thermoelectric conversion member. The shape and dimensions are optimally designed according to the element characteristics of the above. In general, the cross section of the thermoelectric conversion member has a substantially trapezoidal shape, the width on the heating side is large, and the width on the cooling side is small. Is realized.
【００２５】さらに、本発明においては、発電パイプ内
部に設けられる磁場発生手段の永久磁石として、好まし
くは、磁束密度が１．５テスラ以上にも及ぶ希土類磁石
を用いた場合、磁場発生手段の小型化が達成され、発電
パイプの径寸法が大幅に縮減されると共に、装置の低コ
スト化も達成できる。特に、永久磁石を熱電変換部材か
ら所定距離離間させ、空隙と永久磁石との間にヨークか
ら成る磁気回路を設けた構成により、永久磁石の磁気特
性の温度安定性が確保される。Further, in the present invention, when a rare earth magnet having a magnetic flux density of 1.5 Tesla or more is preferably used as the permanent magnet of the magnetic field generating means provided inside the power generation pipe, the size of the magnetic field generating means can be reduced. As a result, the diameter of the power generation pipe can be significantly reduced, and the cost of the device can be reduced. In particular, with the configuration in which the permanent magnet is separated from the thermoelectric conversion member by a predetermined distance and a magnetic circuit including a yoke is provided between the air gap and the permanent magnet, the temperature stability of the magnetic characteristics of the permanent magnet is ensured.
【００２６】本発明においては、集熱手段として、熱電
変換部材の高温側端に互いに対向する翼状のミラーと、
該ミラーからの反射光を受光して集熱する熱吸収体を設
け、磁極間の空隙の長さを短く保ちながら集光量を特段
に増大している。In the present invention, as heat collecting means, wing-shaped mirrors facing each other at the high-temperature end of the thermoelectric conversion member;
A heat absorber that receives the reflected light from the mirror and collects heat is provided, and the amount of condensed light is particularly increased while keeping the length of the gap between the magnetic poles short.
【００２７】そして、本発明においては、ネルンスト効
果により熱電発電を行なう熱電変換部材は、半導体等か
ら成る熱電変換素子と電気的絶縁層（但し、熱伝導率は
大きい）とが交互に複数層堆積された積層構造から形成
され、複数の熱電変換素子に設けられた電極を互いに直
列形態に接続した場合、高い出力電圧を取り出せる。こ
のような積層構造によれば、単層構造（積層構造と同程
度の厚さとする）に比べ、熱電変換部材内における温度
勾配の安定性が増大する他、出力電圧が向上し、合理的
な電源システムが実現される。In the present invention, the thermoelectric conversion member for performing thermoelectric generation by the Nernst effect is composed of a thermoelectric conversion element made of a semiconductor or the like and an electrically insulating layer (having a large thermal conductivity) being alternately stacked in plural layers. A high output voltage can be obtained when the electrodes formed from the laminated structure and provided on the plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements are connected in series with each other. According to such a laminated structure, the stability of the temperature gradient in the thermoelectric conversion member is increased, and the output voltage is improved as compared with the single-layer structure (having a thickness similar to that of the laminated structure). A power supply system is realized.
【００２８】また、本発明は、ゼーベック効果による熱
電発電装置の構成において、熱源として、集光された太
陽光の熱エネルギーを用いると共に、Π型熱電変換部材
に対して所定の方向に磁場を印加する構成の太陽熱発電
装置を提案する。本発明において、高温側から熱電変換
素子を伝達した熱は、冷却用のラジエターを介して放熱
され、簡易な構成により変換効率を高めると共に、小
型、軽量化を達成し、特に衛星等の電源として適してい
る。なお、Π型熱電変換部材には、例えばＮ型半導体、
Ｐ型半導体のように互いに異種の熱電変換素子が用いら
れる。Further, according to the present invention, in the configuration of the thermoelectric generator based on the Seebeck effect, heat energy of condensed sunlight is used as a heat source, and a magnetic field is applied to a Π-type thermoelectric conversion member in a predetermined direction. We propose a solar thermal power generation device with such a configuration. In the present invention, the heat transmitted from the high-temperature side to the thermoelectric conversion element is radiated through a cooling radiator, thereby increasing the conversion efficiency with a simple configuration, achieving small size and light weight, and particularly as a power source for satellites and the like. Are suitable. The Π-type thermoelectric conversion member includes, for example, an N-type semiconductor,
Different types of thermoelectric conversion elements such as P-type semiconductors are used.
【００２９】[0029]
【実施例】図面を参照して、本発明の実施例を以下に説
明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００３０】［実施例１］図１は、本発明における発電
装置の一実施例の構成を説明するための断面図である。
図２は、図１の発電装置を集光装置に装着した構成を示
す説明図である。Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a configuration of an embodiment of a power generator according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration in which the power generation device of FIG. 1 is mounted on a light collection device.
【００３１】本実施例において発電装置は、筒状の発電
パイプ１０として構成されている（図２参照）。より詳
細には、図１に示すように、発電パイプ１０には、リン
グ形態の永久磁石２を囲繞して真空パイプ４が設けら
れ、永久磁石４の磁極間の空隙（ギャップ）の間には熱
電変換部材１が配設されている。なお、永久磁石２の互
いに対向する磁極端には、例えば磁束を絞り込み且つ空
隙内の磁場を均一化するため不図示の磁極片（ポールピ
ース）が付設されている。磁極片は高透磁率の軟磁性材
料から成る。In this embodiment, the power generation device is configured as a cylindrical power generation pipe 10 (see FIG. 2). More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the power generation pipe 10 is provided with a vacuum pipe 4 surrounding the ring-shaped permanent magnet 2, and a gap between magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 4 is provided. A thermoelectric conversion member 1 is provided. In addition, magnetic pole pieces (not shown) (not shown) are attached to the magnetic pole ends of the permanent magnet 2 that face each other, for example, in order to narrow the magnetic flux and make the magnetic field in the air gap uniform. The pole pieces are made of a soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability.
【００３２】また、リング形態の永久磁石２の内周側中
空部には、熱電変換部材１の内周側端を冷却するため
に、発電パイプ１０の長手方向に並行して冷却パイプ３
が配設されている。冷却パイプ３には、例えば、水等の
冷却用媒体が流れる。なお、図１には冷却パイプ３は１
本のみの構成が図示されているが、冷却パイプ３を複数
本設けてもよいことは勿論である。In order to cool the inner peripheral end of the thermoelectric conversion member 1, the cooling pipe 3 is provided in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the power generation pipe 10 in the inner peripheral hollow portion of the ring-shaped permanent magnet 2.
Are arranged. A cooling medium such as water flows through the cooling pipe 3. In FIG. 1, the cooling pipe 3 is 1
Although only the configuration of the cooling pipe 3 is illustrated, it is needless to say that a plurality of cooling pipes 3 may be provided.
【００３３】熱電変換部材１の外周側端は、窓部５を介
して太陽光６が透過集光され、集光された太陽光６は熱
電変換部材１の外周側端を加熱する。このため、熱電変
換部材１の内部には、高温に加熱される外周側端から冷
却パイプ３により冷却される内周側端の向きに温度勾配
が生成される。At the outer peripheral end of the thermoelectric conversion member 1, the sunlight 6 is transmitted and collected through the window 5, and the collected sunlight 6 heats the outer peripheral end of the thermoelectric conversion member 1. For this reason, a temperature gradient is generated inside the thermoelectric conversion member 1 from the outer peripheral end heated to a high temperature to the inner peripheral end cooled by the cooling pipe 3.
【００３４】窓部５と永久磁石２の磁極端の間には、互
いに対向する反射板１９が介設され、集光、集熱効率を
高めている。なお、発電パイプにおいて、窓部５は太陽
光を透過する透明ガラス等で形成されるが、更に集光能
力を高めるために窓部５を集光レンズで形成してもよ
い。Reflecting plates 19 facing each other are interposed between the window 5 and the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 2 to enhance the light collecting and heat collecting efficiency. In the power generation pipe, the window 5 is formed of a transparent glass or the like that transmits sunlight, but the window 5 may be formed of a condenser lens in order to further enhance the light condensing ability.
【００３５】ところで、熱電変換部材１は永久磁石２の
空隙の間に設けられているため、熱電変換部材１におい
て受光表面の面積は永久磁石２の空隙の長さ（「ギャッ
プ長」という）に制限されることになる。Since the thermoelectric conversion member 1 is provided between the gaps of the permanent magnet 2, the area of the light receiving surface of the thermoelectric conversion member 1 is equal to the length of the gap of the permanent magnet 2 (referred to as "gap length"). Will be limited.
【００３６】すなわち、着磁されたリング型の永久磁石
の空隙における磁場の強さＨg を漏洩磁束がないものと
して求めると、ギャップ長をＬg とし、永久磁石内部の
磁場（「減磁界」ともいう）を空隙の磁場Ｈg と逆向き
にとり、これをＨm とし、リング磁石の平均径に基づく
長さをＬm として、電流はないのでアンペアの法則（Ａ
ｍｐｅｒｅ' ｓ Ｌａｗ）により、次式（１）が成り立
つ。That is, when the strength H g of the magnetic field in the air gap of the magnetized ring-shaped permanent magnet is determined without leakage magnetic flux, the gap length is set to L g and the magnetic field inside the permanent magnet (“demagnetizing field”) taken also referred) magnetic field H g and opposite the gap and, this as a H m, as the length of L m based on the average diameter of the ring magnet, ampere's law because no current (a
The following equation (1) is established according to “mper's Law”.
【００３７】 Ｈg ・Ｌg ＝Ｈm ・Ｌm …（１） 従って、Ｈg ＝Ｈm ・Ｌm ／Ｌg となり、空隙の磁場Ｈ
g はギャップ長で決まり、ギャップ長が小さい程空隙の
磁場の値は大きくなる。[0037] H g · L g = H m · L m ... (1) Thus, H g = H m · L m / L g , and the gap of the magnetic field H
g is determined by the gap length, and the smaller the gap length, the larger the value of the magnetic field in the air gap.
【００３８】磁場の強さが大きい程、ネルンスト効果に
よる熱電変換の変換効率は高くなるため、ギャップ長は
短い方が好ましい。ところで、ギャップ長を短くするこ
とは、熱電変換部材１の寸法形状の縮小化に対応し、結
果として装置の低コスト化が達成される。なお、ギャッ
プ長の縮小化に応じて、集光性の良い光学系を用いるこ
とが必要とされる。Since the conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric conversion by the Nernst effect increases as the strength of the magnetic field increases, the gap length is preferably shorter. By the way, reducing the gap length corresponds to the reduction in the size and shape of the thermoelectric conversion member 1, and as a result, the cost of the device can be reduced. In addition, it is necessary to use an optical system having a good light collecting property in accordance with the reduction in the gap length.
【００３９】図１に示すように、熱電変換部材１の断面
形状は、熱電変換部材１を形成する熱電変換素子の特性
に応じて、加熱側端を長辺とし、冷却側端を短辺とする
略台形の形状とされる。そして、このような断面形状に
より、熱電変換部材１は、外周側端の受光面の面積は内
周側（冷却側）端の面積よりも大とされている。As shown in FIG. 1, the cross-sectional shape of the thermoelectric conversion member 1 is such that the heating-side end is a long side and the cooling-side end is a short side in accordance with the characteristics of the thermoelectric conversion element forming the thermoelectric conversion member 1. It has a substantially trapezoidal shape. With such a cross-sectional shape, in the thermoelectric conversion member 1, the area of the light receiving surface at the outer peripheral side end is larger than the area of the inner peripheral side (cooling side) end.
【００４０】なお、真空パイプ４の内周面と永久磁石２
の外周面との間には支持棒７を介して環状の間隙が形成
されている。そして、この間隙は真空とされ、対流によ
る熱伝達を抑止し、断熱、即ち熱絶縁作用をなしてい
る。また、真空パイプ４の内壁は、断熱性を向上させる
ため、Ａｌ（アルミニウム）蒸着膜による表面処理が施
されている。The inner peripheral surface of the vacuum pipe 4 and the permanent magnet 2
An annular gap is formed between the outer peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface via a support rod 7. This gap is evacuated to suppress heat transfer due to convection, thereby providing heat insulation, that is, heat insulation. The inner wall of the vacuum pipe 4 is subjected to a surface treatment with an Al (aluminum) vapor-deposited film in order to improve heat insulation.
【００４１】さらに、空隙を介して熱電変換部材１に対
向する磁極端面にも、Ａｌ蒸着膜等による表面処理を施
し、断熱性を高めている。即ち、Ａｌ蒸着膜は反射膜と
して作用し、熱電変換部材１において図示左右両側から
の放熱を回避し、高温側から低温側への温度勾配を一様
化すると共に、永久磁石２の加熱を回避している。Further, the magnetic pole end surface facing the thermoelectric conversion member 1 through the air gap is also subjected to a surface treatment with an Al vapor-deposited film or the like to enhance heat insulation. That is, the Al deposited film acts as a reflective film, avoids heat radiation from the left and right sides of the thermoelectric conversion member 1, uniforms the temperature gradient from the high temperature side to the low temperature side, and avoids heating of the permanent magnet 2. doing.
【００４２】また、冷却パイプ３は、熱電変換部材１の
一側端を冷却する作用を有するが、永久磁石２の磁気特
性の熱安定性を確保すべく、例えば永久磁石２の内周側
中空部に更に１または複数本の冷却パイプを別途配設
し、永久磁石２を冷却してもよい。The cooling pipe 3 has a function of cooling one end of the thermoelectric conversion member 1. In order to secure the thermal stability of the magnetic characteristics of the permanent magnet 2, for example, the inner peripheral hollow of the permanent magnet 2 is formed. One or more cooling pipes may be additionally provided in the section to cool the permanent magnet 2.
【００４３】図２に示すように、本実施例において、集
光装置は、好ましくは、パラボラ型（即ち、放物曲線
型）の反射鏡１１として構成され、発電パイプ１０の窓
部５（図２では図示されない）にその焦線が一致するよ
うに配置される。なお、反射鏡１１は太陽を自動追尾す
るように、傾斜角等が自動制御され、太陽光の集光量を
高める構成とされている。As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the light-collecting device is preferably configured as a parabolic-type (ie, parabolic-curve-type) reflecting mirror 11, and the window 5 (see FIG. 2 (not shown in FIG. 2) so that the focal line coincides therewith. The reflecting mirror 11 is configured to automatically control the tilt angle and the like so as to automatically track the sun, and to increase the amount of condensing sunlight.
【００４４】次に、本実施例における熱電発電の動作原
理を説明する。Next, the operation principle of thermoelectric power generation in this embodiment will be described.
【００４５】前記の通り、図１において、熱電変換部材
１の内部には、外周側端から内周側端の向きに熱流が流
れ、この向きに温度勾配を生じ、且つ、永久磁石２の空
隙には、温度勾配と直交する図示横方向に磁場が印加さ
れ、このためネルンスト効果により磁場方向と温度勾配
の両者に垂直な向きに次式（２）で表わされる電場Ｅが
生じる（図９参照）。As described above, in FIG. 1, a heat flow flows from the outer peripheral end to the inner peripheral end in the thermoelectric conversion member 1, causing a temperature gradient in this direction, and the gap of the permanent magnet 2. , A magnetic field is applied in the illustrated lateral direction orthogonal to the temperature gradient, and an electric field E represented by the following equation (2) is generated in the direction perpendicular to both the magnetic field direction and the temperature gradient by the Nernst effect (see FIG. 9). ).
【００４６】 Ｅ＝Ｎ・Ｈ×ｇｒａｄＴ …（２） ここに、Ｎはネルンスト係数を、Ｈは磁場を、ｇｒａｄ
Ｔは温度Ｔの勾配（ｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔ）をそれぞれ表わ
している。E = N · H × gradT (2) where N is the Nernst coefficient, H is the magnetic field, and grad
T represents the gradient of the temperature T, respectively.
【００４７】また上式（２）において、電場Ｅ、磁場
Ｈ、温度勾配ｇｒａｄＴはいずれも向きと大きさを有す
るベクトルであり、演算子×はベクトル積を、又演算子
・はスカラー積をそれぞれ表わしている。ネルンスト係
数Ｎは物質固有の物理量であり正負いずれかの符号をと
る。In the above equation (2), the electric field E, the magnetic field H, and the temperature gradient gradT are vectors each having a direction and a magnitude. The operator x is a vector product, and the operator is a scalar product. It represents. The Nernst coefficient N is a physical quantity peculiar to a substance and has a positive or negative sign.
【００４８】図１において、電場Ｅの方向は、熱電変換
部材１において、磁場の方向（図示横方向）と、磁場と
直交する温度勾配の方向（図示下向き）の両方に垂直な
方向、即ち紙面に垂直な方向とされる。熱電変換部材１
はこの電場の方向に延在されて配設されており、熱電変
換部材１の長手方向の両端部に起電力が生じ、該両端部
に設けられた電極（不図示）から所定の電圧が取り出せ
ることになる。In FIG. 1, the direction of the electric field E is perpendicular to both the direction of the magnetic field (horizontal direction in the drawing) and the direction of the temperature gradient perpendicular to the magnetic field (downward in the drawing), that is, the plane of the paper. To the direction perpendicular to Thermoelectric conversion member 1
Are arranged to extend in the direction of the electric field, and an electromotive force is generated at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the thermoelectric conversion member 1 so that a predetermined voltage can be taken out from electrodes (not shown) provided at the both ends. Will be.
【００４９】次に、熱電変換部材１について説明する。Next, the thermoelectric conversion member 1 will be described.
【００５０】ネルンスト効果を用いた熱電変換部材１
は、金属又は半導体から形成されるが、性能指数を大き
くするには金属よりも半導体の方が好ましい。Thermoelectric conversion member 1 using Nernst effect
Is formed of a metal or a semiconductor, but a semiconductor is preferable to a metal in order to increase the figure of merit.
【００５１】ネルンスト効果による熱電変換素子材料の
性能指数Ｚは、次式（３）で与えられる。The figure of merit Z of the thermoelectric conversion element material due to the Nernst effect is given by the following equation (3).
【００５２】 Ｚ＝（１／κ）σ・Ｎ2 ・Ｈ2 …（３） ここに、κは熱電変換素子材料の熱伝導率、σは電気伝
導率、Ｎはネルンスト係数、Ｈは磁場の強さをそれぞれ
表わしている。なお、Ｎ・Ｈは熱電変換素子材料の熱電
能に対応する。Z = (1 / κ) σ · N 2 · H 2 (3) where κ is the thermal conductivity of the thermoelectric conversion element material, σ is the electrical conductivity, N is the Nernst coefficient, and H is the magnetic field. Expresses strength. Note that N · H corresponds to the thermoelectric power of the thermoelectric conversion element material.
【００５３】従って、熱電変換部材１を構成する素子材
料としては、動作温度領域において、ネルンスト係数Ｎ
の値が大きく、且つ電気伝導率σが高く、熱伝導率κの
小さなものが好ましい。また、熱電変換部材１に用いら
れる素子材料の融点は、太陽熱による過熱に十分に耐え
るものでなければならない。Therefore, as the element material constituting the thermoelectric conversion member 1, the Nernst coefficient N
Are high, the electric conductivity σ is high, and the thermal conductivity κ is small. The melting point of the element material used for the thermoelectric conversion member 1 must be sufficiently resistant to overheating by solar heat.
【００５４】そして、キャリア移動度として電子の方が
正孔よりも大きいのでＮ型不純物半導体がＰ型不純物半
導体よりも好ましい。ネルンスト効果による熱電変換素
子材料としては、動作温度領域において性能指数Ｚの理
論値が極めて高いものとして、例えばＩｎＳｂ、ＨｇＳ
ｅ、ＨｇＴｅ、Ｃｄ3 Ａｓ2 等の半導体材料がある。Since electrons have a larger carrier mobility than holes, an N-type impurity semiconductor is preferable to a P-type impurity semiconductor. As a thermoelectric conversion element material by the Nernst effect, for example, InSb, HgS
e, HgTe, and semiconductor materials such as Cd 3 As 2 .
【００５５】熱電変換部材１の受光表面は、反射率を低
減し、集光効率を高めるためブラックセル等の反射防止
膜処理が施されている。The light receiving surface of the thermoelectric conversion member 1 has been subjected to an anti-reflection film treatment such as a black cell in order to reduce the reflectance and increase the light collection efficiency.
【００５６】前記の通り、熱電変換部材１の断面は、好
ましくは、加熱側端を長辺とし、冷却側端を短辺とする
略台形型の形状とされる。図１において、半導体素子等
から形成される熱電変換部材１内には、図において紙面
に垂直な方向に電場が生成され、この方向の両端に設け
られた電極（不図示）を介して負荷を接続すると、該電
場の向きに沿って電流が流れる。As described above, the cross section of the thermoelectric conversion member 1 preferably has a substantially trapezoidal shape having a long side on the heating side and a short side on the cooling side. In FIG. 1, an electric field is generated in a thermoelectric conversion member 1 formed of a semiconductor element or the like in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper in the figure, and a load is applied via electrodes (not shown) provided at both ends in this direction. When connected, current flows along the direction of the electric field.
【００５７】ところで、半導体素子等において、電流は
低温側で流れ易く、高温側で流れ難い。即ち、高温側で
は電気抵抗率が上昇し、また熱伝導率は低下する。この
ため、熱電変換部材１の高温側の幅を大とし、低温側の
幅を小として、熱電変換部材１の内部において、高温側
と低温側、即ち図示縦方向の電流値を均一化し、温度勾
配の一様化を図っている。By the way, in a semiconductor device or the like, a current easily flows on a low temperature side and hardly flows on a high temperature side. That is, on the high temperature side, the electrical resistivity increases and the thermal conductivity decreases. For this reason, the width of the high-temperature side of the thermoelectric conversion member 1 is made large, and the width of the low-temperature side is made small, so that the current values in the high-temperature side and the low-temperature side, that is, in the vertical direction in FIG. The gradient is made uniform.
【００５８】熱電変換部材１の断面の形状・寸法は、詳
細設計において、高温側と低温側の所与の温度につい
て、熱電変換部材１を形成する熱電変換素子の、例え
ば、電気伝導率、及び熱伝導率等の温度特性等に対応し
て変換効率を最大とする最適値が適宜定められることに
なる。但し、このように最適設計した場合にも、熱電変
換部材１の断面の形状は概ね台形型の形状とされる。In the detailed design, the cross-sectional shape and dimensions of the thermoelectric conversion member 1 are, for example, the electric conductivity and the electric conductivity of the thermoelectric conversion element forming the thermoelectric conversion member 1 at given temperatures on the high temperature side and the low temperature side. The optimum value for maximizing the conversion efficiency is appropriately determined according to the temperature characteristics such as the thermal conductivity. However, even in the case of such an optimal design, the cross-sectional shape of the thermoelectric conversion member 1 is substantially trapezoidal.
【００５９】次に、本実施例における永久磁石について
説明する。Next, the permanent magnet in this embodiment will be described.
【００６０】上式（３）から、永久磁石２の磁場Ｈの強
さが大きい程、従って磁束密度が大きい程、性能指数Ｚ
が向上する。ネルンスト効果を用いた熱発電において
は、磁場Ｈの強さとして少なくとも１テスラ（＝１×１
０4 ガウス）程度が望まれる。好ましい永久磁石とし
て、例えば、ネオジム、鉄、及びホウ素（ボロン）の所
定の組成から成る希土類磁石Ｎｄ2 Ｆｅ14Ｂ等が用いら
れる。Ｎｄ−Ｆｅ−Ｂ系希土類磁石は焼結体磁石として
形成され、１．５テスラ以上、更には２テスラ前後もの
磁束密度を達成している。なお、上記希土類磁石は、例
えば商標「ＮＥＯＭＡＸ」のもと販売されている。From the above equation (3), as the strength of the magnetic field H of the permanent magnet 2 is larger, and hence the magnetic flux density is larger, the figure of merit Z
Is improved. In thermal power generation using the Nernst effect, the strength of the magnetic field H is at least 1 Tesla (= 1 × 1
0 4 gauss) degree is desired. As a preferable permanent magnet, for example, a rare earth magnet Nd 2 Fe 14 B having a predetermined composition of neodymium, iron, and boron (boron) is used. The Nd-Fe-B-based rare earth magnet is formed as a sintered magnet, and achieves a magnetic flux density of 1.5 Tesla or more, and even about 2 Tesla. The rare earth magnet is sold, for example, under the trademark “NEOMAX”.
【００６１】永久磁石として最大エネルギー積（ＢＨ）
MAX が特段に大きなＮｄ−Ｆｅ−Ｂ系希土類磁石を用い
た場合、磁場発生手段は、リング磁石の代わりに、図４
に示すように、空隙に対し互いに逆の磁極を対向させて
永久磁石２を配設し、該永久磁石２には高透磁率の軟磁
性材料、例えば軟鉄等から成るヨーク８を接続し、これ
により磁気帰還路が形成される磁気回路として構成され
る。Maximum energy product (BH) as a permanent magnet
When an Nd-Fe-B-based rare earth magnet having a particularly large MAX is used, the magnetic field generating means is replaced with a ring magnet as shown in FIG.
As shown in the figure, a permanent magnet 2 is disposed with the opposite magnetic poles facing the air gap, and a yoke 8 made of a soft magnetic material having a high magnetic permeability, for example, soft iron, is connected to the permanent magnet 2. As a magnetic circuit in which a magnetic feedback path is formed.
【００６２】永久磁石２の磁極端には、軟鉄あるいはソ
フトフェライト等から成る磁極片９が付設され、磁束の
絞り込みや空隙内の磁場を均一化を行なう。なお、図４
は、真空パイプ４内に設けられる磁場発生手段の構成を
説明するための図であり、図１に示した真空パイプ４、
窓部５、支持棒７等は省略されている。また、図４のヨ
ーク８の形態がリング形態と磁気回路上等価であること
は云うまでもない。A magnetic pole piece 9 made of soft iron, soft ferrite, or the like is provided at the pole tip of the permanent magnet 2 to narrow down the magnetic flux and equalize the magnetic field in the air gap. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a view for explaining the configuration of a magnetic field generating means provided in the vacuum pipe 4, and the vacuum pipe 4 shown in FIG.
The window 5, the support bar 7, and the like are omitted. It goes without saying that the form of the yoke 8 in FIG. 4 is equivalent to the ring form on the magnetic circuit.
【００６３】磁場発生手段の更に別の構成として、図５
に示すように、永久磁石２を、熱電変換部材１に対して
冷却パイプ３を介して離間した位置に配設し、永久磁石
２のＳ極、Ｎ極からそれぞれヨーク８を延在させ、熱電
変換部材１が配設される空隙に対向するヨーク端部には
磁極片９が設けられている。この場合、永久磁石２は熱
電変換部材１から離間して配置されているため、永久磁
石２の磁気特性の熱安定性の点で好ましい。希土類磁石
Ｎｄ2 Ｆｅ14Ｂ自体のキュリー温度は略６００Ｋ程度で
あるが、Ｃｏ（コバルト）を所定重量％添加することに
より、キュリー温度は８００乃至略９００Ｋとなる。ま
た、ヨーク８を冷却してもよいことは勿論である。As still another configuration of the magnetic field generating means, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, the permanent magnet 2 is disposed at a position separated from the thermoelectric conversion member 1 via the cooling pipe 3, and the yokes 8 extend from the S pole and the N pole of the permanent magnet 2, respectively. A pole piece 9 is provided at the end of the yoke facing the gap in which the conversion member 1 is provided. In this case, since the permanent magnet 2 is disposed apart from the thermoelectric conversion member 1, it is preferable in terms of thermal stability of the magnetic properties of the permanent magnet 2. The Curie temperature of the rare-earth magnet Nd 2 Fe 14 B itself is approximately 600 K, but the Curie temperature becomes 800 to approximately 900 K by adding Co (cobalt) by a predetermined weight%. The yoke 8 may of course be cooled.
【００６４】図５において、永久磁石２から発せられた
磁束は高透磁率のヨーク８内をほぼ漏洩なく導かれ一方
の磁極片９に達し、空隙内に設けられた熱電変換部材１
を介して、他方の磁極片９に入り、ヨーク８内を磁気帰
還路として永久磁石２の他の磁極に到達する。なお、図
５には、図４と同様に、磁場発生手段の構成のみが示さ
れている。図４、５の磁極片９の熱電変換部材１と対向
する端面はＡｌ被覆等による反射膜処理が施され、断熱
性を高めている。In FIG. 5, the magnetic flux emitted from the permanent magnet 2 is guided through the yoke 8 having high magnetic permeability with almost no leakage, reaches one pole piece 9, and is provided with the thermoelectric conversion member 1 provided in the gap.
Through the other pole piece 9 to reach the other magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 2 through the yoke 8 as a magnetic return path. Note that FIG. 5 shows only the configuration of the magnetic field generating means as in FIG. The end face of the pole piece 9 in FIGS. 4 and 5 facing the thermoelectric conversion member 1 is subjected to a reflective film treatment with Al coating or the like to enhance heat insulation.
【００６５】永久磁石２の材料の選定自体は、本発明の
主題に直接係わるものではないが、上記希土類磁石は、
耐食性等の向上のためにＣｏ（コバルト）等の添加物を
所定重量％含んでもよい。Although the selection of the material of the permanent magnet 2 itself does not directly relate to the subject of the present invention, the rare earth magnet is
An additive such as Co (cobalt) may be contained in a predetermined weight% for improving corrosion resistance and the like.
【００６６】なお、本実施例では、発電パイプ１０は円
筒状に形成されているが、断面は円形状にのみ限定され
ず、他の形状、例えば矩形等であってもよい。In this embodiment, the power generation pipe 10 is formed in a cylindrical shape, but the cross section is not limited to a circular shape, and may be another shape, for example, a rectangular shape.
【００６７】また、図３に示すように、本実施例におい
て、熱電変換部材１の冷却側端を延在させて真空パイプ
４に接合した構成としてもよい。加熱側は断熱して温度
を上げることが必要とされるが、冷却側は真空パイプを
介して空間に放熱することにより放熱効率が高められ
る。Further, as shown in FIG. 3, in the present embodiment, the cooling side end of the thermoelectric conversion member 1 may be extended and joined to the vacuum pipe 4. The heating side needs to be insulated to increase the temperature, but the cooling side radiates heat to the space through the vacuum pipe to increase heat radiation efficiency.
【００６８】［実施例２］次に図６を参照して、本発明
の別の実施例を説明する。図６に示すように、本実施例
において、集光手段は、熱電変換部材１の一側に設けら
れ、互いに鏡面が対向し熱電変換部材１から遠くなるに
従い拡開するように設けられた翼状にミラー（鏡）１３
と、一側が前記熱電変換部材１に接続された熱吸収体１
４と、を有する。また、冷却手段として放熱用ラジエタ
ー１２が熱電変換部材１の他側に付設されている。Embodiment 2 Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, in the present embodiment, the light condensing means is provided on one side of the thermoelectric conversion member 1, and has a wing-like shape provided such that the mirror faces each other and expands as the distance from the thermoelectric conversion member 1 increases. Mirror 13
And a heat absorber 1 having one side connected to the thermoelectric conversion member 1.
And 4. Further, a radiator 12 for heat radiation is provided on the other side of the thermoelectric conversion member 1 as a cooling means.
【００６９】本実施例において、熱吸収体１４は熱伝導
率の高い材料から形成され、ミラー１３により反射され
た太陽光６を吸収し、熱電変換部材１に熱を伝達する集
熱器として作用する。熱吸収体１４の受光面には、例え
ばブラックセル等の反射防止膜処理が施され、反射率を
小さく抑えている。In this embodiment, the heat absorber 14 is made of a material having a high thermal conductivity, absorbs the sunlight 6 reflected by the mirror 13, and acts as a heat collector for transmitting heat to the thermoelectric conversion member 1. I do. The light-receiving surface of the heat absorber 14 is subjected to an anti-reflection film treatment such as a black cell to reduce the reflectance.
【００７０】また、熱吸収体１４のうち開放端表面（図
示上端）等のように、ミラー１３からの反射光を受光し
ない部位は断熱部材（不図示）により被覆され、吸収し
た熱が開放端表面等から外部に放熱されないように構成
され、集熱効率を高めている。このため、熱吸収体１４
で集熱された太陽熱は、専ら熱電変換部材１の一側を加
熱する。The portion of the heat absorber 14 that does not receive the reflected light from the mirror 13, such as the open end surface (upper end in the figure), is covered with a heat insulating member (not shown) so that the absorbed heat is absorbed by the open end. It is configured so that heat is not radiated to the outside from the surface, etc., and heat collection efficiency is enhanced. Therefore, the heat absorber 14
The solar heat collected in step (1) exclusively heats one side of the thermoelectric conversion member 1.
【００７１】永久磁石２の互いに異なる磁極の間の空隙
には、熱電変換部材１が設けられている。本実施例にお
ける発電は、前記実施例と同様、熱電変換部材１内にお
いて、図示横方向の磁場と、図示下向きの温度勾配によ
り、ネルンスト効果により磁場の方向と温度勾配の方向
の両方に垂直な方向、即ち紙面に垂直な方向に電場が発
生し、この方向に熱電変換部材１は延在されており、両
端部に起電力が生じ、両端部に設けられた電極（不図
示）から電圧が取り出せる。永久磁石としては、好まし
くは１テスラ以上の磁場を発生する前記Ｎｄ−Ｆｅ−Ｂ
系希土類磁石等が用いられる。A thermoelectric conversion member 1 is provided in a gap between mutually different magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 2. As in the previous embodiment, the power generation in the present embodiment is performed in the thermoelectric conversion member 1 by using the magnetic field in the horizontal direction in the drawing and the downward temperature gradient in the drawing, and by the Nernst effect, both the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the temperature gradient are perpendicular to each other. An electric field is generated in a direction, that is, a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, and the thermoelectric conversion member 1 extends in this direction. Electromotive force is generated at both ends, and a voltage is generated from electrodes (not shown) provided at both ends. Can be taken out. As the permanent magnet, the Nd-Fe-B, which preferably generates a magnetic field of 1 Tesla or more, is used.
A system rare earth magnet or the like is used.
【００７２】本実施例において、冷却手段は放熱用ラジ
エター１２から構成されているが、これは図６に示す太
陽熱発電装置が、主に衛星及び宇宙基地等の宇宙空間で
用いられる熱発熱装置であることによる。熱吸収体１４
で集熱された熱は、熱電変換部材１の高温側から低温側
に伝達し、放熱用ラジエター１２で宇宙空間等の外部に
放熱される。In this embodiment, the cooling means is composed of a radiator 12 for radiating heat. This is a solar heat generator shown in FIG. 6 which is a thermal heating device mainly used in space such as satellites and space bases. It depends. Heat absorber 14
Is transferred from the high-temperature side to the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric conversion member 1 and is radiated to the outside such as outer space by the radiator 12 for heat radiation.
【００７３】地上発電等においては、図６において、冷
却手段として放熱用ラジエター１２の代わりに、図１の
冷却パイプ３を用いた構成が適用可能であることは勿論
である。In the case of terrestrial power generation or the like, it is a matter of course that the configuration using the cooling pipe 3 of FIG. 1 instead of the radiator 12 as a cooling means in FIG. 6 can be applied.
【００７４】図６において、磁気回路の帰還路は、図
４、５等で説明済みであり、省略する。即ち、図６にお
いて、熱電変換部材１が配設された空隙側と一側で対向
する永久磁石２の他側にそれぞれ一端を接続したヨーク
（不図示）を設け、磁気帰還路を形成してもよい。この
場合、ヨークは、例えば図６の永久磁石２の端部から紙
面手前（又は裏面）側に突き出す形態とされる。なお、
不図示のヨークは高透磁率の軟磁性材料、例えば軟鉄等
から成る。特に、衛星等に用いる場合、装置の軽量化が
要請され、高透磁率の軽量材料として、ソフトフェライ
ト等が用いられる。In FIG. 6, the return path of the magnetic circuit has already been described with reference to FIGS. That is, in FIG. 6, a yoke (not shown) having one end connected to the other side of the permanent magnet 2 which is opposed to the gap side where the thermoelectric conversion member 1 is disposed on one side is provided to form a magnetic return path. Is also good. In this case, for example, the yoke is configured to protrude from the end of the permanent magnet 2 in FIG. In addition,
The yoke (not shown) is made of a soft magnetic material having a high magnetic permeability, such as soft iron. In particular, when used for a satellite or the like, a reduction in the weight of the device is required, and soft ferrite or the like is used as a lightweight material having a high magnetic permeability.
【００７５】あるいは、図６において、永久磁石２をリ
ング磁石として構成してもよいことは勿論である。この
場合、リング磁石は、例えば図６の紙面手前（又は裏
面）側に突き出す形態とされる。Alternatively, in FIG. 6, the permanent magnet 2 may be formed as a ring magnet. In this case, the ring magnet is configured to protrude, for example, toward the near side (or the back side) in FIG.
【００７６】前記実施例１で説明したように、空隙の磁
場の強さは空隙の長さ（ギャップ長）が短い程大きくな
り、熱電変換部材１において受光面積は永久磁石２の空
隙の長さに制限されるが、本実施例では、翼状に拡開さ
れたミラー１３と熱吸収体１４の構成により、ギャップ
長を短く保ちながら、集熱効率を高めている。As described in the first embodiment, the strength of the magnetic field of the air gap increases as the length of the air gap (gap length) decreases, and the light receiving area of the thermoelectric conversion member 1 is the length of the air gap of the permanent magnet 2. However, in the present embodiment, the heat collection efficiency is increased while the gap length is kept short by the configuration of the mirror 13 and the heat absorber 14 which are expanded in a wing shape.
【００７７】なお、本実施例のミラー１３は、翼状の互
いに対向する一対の平面型ミラーの構成にのみ限定され
ず、図６において左右のみならず、更に熱電変換部材１
の長手方向（即ち図示紙面に垂直方向）の端部に別の対
のミラーを設けてもよく、あるいは、ミラーを、例えば
底部に開口を設け熱吸収体１４が該開口を挿通するよう
にした椀状の曲面ミラーとしてもよい。The mirror 13 of this embodiment is not limited to the configuration of a pair of flat wing-shaped mirrors facing each other. In FIG.
May be provided with another pair of mirrors at the ends in the longitudinal direction (that is, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing), or the mirrors may be provided with an opening at the bottom, for example, so that the heat absorber 14 passes through the opening. It may be a bowl-shaped curved mirror.
【００７８】［実施例３］次に図７を参照して、本発明
の更に別の実施例を説明する。図７に示すように、本実
施例は、前記実施例２において説明した太陽熱発電装置
を複数個並設したものである。図７において、両端部に
設けられた永久磁石のそれぞれにヨーク（不図示）を接
続し、磁気帰還路が形成される。本実施例においては、
複数個の発電装置から取り出される出力をそれぞれ互い
に直列又は並列形態に接続することによって所望の電圧
を得ることができる。Embodiment 3 Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 7, in the present embodiment, a plurality of the solar thermal power generation devices described in the second embodiment are arranged in parallel. In FIG. 7, a yoke (not shown) is connected to each of the permanent magnets provided at both ends to form a magnetic return path. In this embodiment,
A desired voltage can be obtained by connecting the outputs taken from the plurality of power generating devices in series or in parallel with each other.
【００７９】［実施例４］次に図８を参照して、ネルン
スト効果による熱発電を行なう本発明の熱電変換部材の
好ましい構成の一例を説明する。[Embodiment 4] Next, with reference to FIG. 8, an example of a preferred configuration of a thermoelectric conversion member of the present invention for performing thermoelectric generation by the Nernst effect will be described.
【００８０】前記実施例１乃至実施例３で説明した永久
磁石は、超伝導コイルと比べ磁場が低いため、出力電圧
を高めるために、熱電変換部材は図８に示すように、熱
電変換素子である半導体と電気的絶縁層とを交互に複数
層堆積して成る積層構造として形成される。そして、太
陽光が照射される受光表面は、ブラックセル等の熱吸収
の良い表面部材で被覆されている。電気的絶縁層として
は、熱伝導率が高い、例えばＡｌＮ等が用いられる。Since the permanent magnet described in the first to third embodiments has a lower magnetic field than the superconducting coil, in order to increase the output voltage, the thermoelectric conversion member is a thermoelectric conversion element as shown in FIG. It is formed as a laminated structure in which a plurality of semiconductors and an electrically insulating layer are alternately deposited. The light receiving surface to be irradiated with sunlight is covered with a surface member having good heat absorption such as a black cell. As the electrical insulating layer, for example, AlN or the like having a high thermal conductivity is used.
【００８１】図８において、仮に磁場が紙面に垂直に表
側から裏側の向きに印加されているとして、温度勾配は
図示下向きであるため、ネルンスト効果により図示横方
向に電場が発生し（但し、電場の向きは素子のネルンス
ト係数の正負に依存して左又は右向きとなる）、絶縁層
を介して互いに電気的に絶縁された各層の半導体には図
示左右両端に起電力が生じる。In FIG. 8, assuming that a magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the plane of the paper from the front side to the back side, an electric field is generated in the horizontal direction in the figure due to the Nernst effect because the temperature gradient is downward in the figure. Direction is left or right depending on the sign of the Nernst coefficient of the element), and electromotive force is generated at the left and right ends in the semiconductor of each layer electrically insulated from each other via the insulating layer.
【００８２】従って、積層された複数の半導体の各々に
おいて図示左右両端部に設けられる電極（不図示）を互
いに直列形態に電気的に接続することにより、高い出力
電圧が取り出せることになる。Accordingly, a high output voltage can be obtained by electrically connecting the electrodes (not shown) provided at the left and right ends in the drawing of each of the plurality of semiconductors in a series form.
【００８３】ところで、図９に示すように、ネルンスト
効果においては、熱電変換素子内に磁場Ｈと温度勾配ｇ
ｒａｄＴの両者に垂直な方向に電場Ｅが発生し、電場Ｅ
の向きに沿って電流が流れる。半導体のキャリアの移動
度μは、例えば格子振動、不純物・転位等のキャリアの
各種散乱機構等により温度Ｔに強く依存する（例えば、
μ∞Ｔ-n、ＧａＡｓでは電子についてｎ＝１）。そし
て、高温側ではキャリアの移動度は低くなり、抵抗値が
高くなり電流が流れ難い。逆に低温側では、キャリア移
動度が高く、電流が流れ易い。By the way, as shown in FIG. 9, in the Nernst effect, the magnetic field H and the temperature gradient g
An electric field E is generated in a direction perpendicular to both the radT and the electric field E.
Current flows along the direction of. The mobility μ of the semiconductor carrier strongly depends on the temperature T due to various carrier scattering mechanisms such as lattice vibration, impurities and dislocations (for example,
μ∞T −n , n = 1 for electrons in GaAs. Then, on the high temperature side, the mobility of the carrier becomes low, the resistance value becomes high, and the current hardly flows. On the other hand, on the low temperature side, the carrier mobility is high and the current easily flows.
【００８４】このため、熱電変換部材を単層構造とした
場合、低温側において、抵抗体によるジュール発熱が増
大し、且つ熱伝導が大きくなり、温度勾配に変化が生じ
ることになる。更に、場合によっては温度勾配に振動現
象が誘起されることも想定される。図８に示した熱電変
換部材の構成は、個々の半導体の膜厚を薄くし、これを
電気的絶縁層を介して複数堆積することにより、単層構
造のかかる問題を回避するものである。For this reason, when the thermoelectric conversion member has a single-layer structure, the Joule heat generated by the resistor increases, the heat conduction increases, and the temperature gradient changes on the low temperature side. Furthermore, in some cases, it is assumed that a vibration phenomenon is induced in the temperature gradient. The configuration of the thermoelectric conversion member shown in FIG. 8 is to avoid such a problem of a single-layer structure by reducing the thickness of each semiconductor and depositing a plurality of semiconductors via an electrical insulating layer.
【００８５】なお、本実施例で説明した積層構造の熱電
変換部材は、前記各実施例の熱電変換部材１に適用され
る。The thermoelectric conversion member having the laminated structure described in this embodiment is applied to the thermoelectric conversion member 1 in each of the above embodiments.
【００８６】［実施例５］次に図１０を参照して、本発
明の別の視点における実施例を説明する。本実施例は、
ネルンスト効果による熱電発電を主題とする前記各実施
例の構成とは異なり、異種の導体、又はＰ型、Ｎ型半導
体等、互いに異種の素子を接合して熱電対を構成し、一
方を高温に、他方を低温に保つと温度差に応じて起電力
が発生するというゼーベック効果（Ｓｅｅｂｅｃｋ Ｅ
ｆｆｅｃｔ）を利用した熱発電装置である。なお、熱源
としてラジオアイソトープを用いた熱電発電装置はボイ
ジャー計画等の深宇宙用に用いられている。本実施例
は、太陽熱を熱源とし、宇宙空間に熱を放熱することに
より熱電発電を行なう装置において、更に熱電変換部材
に磁場を印加することを特徴とする。[Embodiment 5] Next, an embodiment of another aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment,
Unlike the configuration of each of the above-described embodiments, which focuses on thermoelectric power generation by the Nernst effect, different types of conductors, or P-type and N-type semiconductors, are joined together to form different types of thermocouples, and one is set to a high temperature. Seebeck effect (Seebeck E) that an electromotive force is generated according to a temperature difference when the other is kept at a low temperature.
(ffect). A thermoelectric generator using a radioisotope as a heat source is used for deep space such as the Voyager Project. The present embodiment is characterized in that a magnetic field is further applied to a thermoelectric conversion member in a device that performs thermoelectric generation by radiating heat to outer space using solar heat as a heat source.
【００８７】図１０に示すように、Ｐ型半導体とＮ型半
導体の一側端は共に集熱金属板に接続され、集熱金属板
の太陽光を受光する側の表面には、集熱効率を高めるた
めに、例えばブラッルセル等の反射防止膜が被覆処理さ
れている。As shown in FIG. 10, one end of each of the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor is connected to a heat collecting metal plate, and the surface of the heat collecting metal plate on the light receiving side of sunlight has a heat collecting efficiency. An anti-reflection film such as a Brass cell is coated to increase the height.
【００８８】Ｐ型半導体とＮ型半導体の他側端には、そ
れぞれ放熱用のラジエター１２が付設され、更にＰ型半
導体とＮ型半導体の他側端には電極１７，１８がそれぞ
れ設けられている。図示の如く、Ｐ型半導体とＮ型半導
体はΠ型の熱電変換部材を構成している。A radiator 12 for heat dissipation is attached to the other end of the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor, and electrodes 17 and 18 are provided to the other end of the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor, respectively. I have. As shown, the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor constitute a 構成 -type thermoelectric conversion member.
【００８９】太陽熱を受光し集熱金属板が加熱され、熱
は図示上方からＰ型半導体とＮ型半導体を通って伝導し
ラジエター１２で例えば宇宙空間等外部に放熱される。
上下の接合部には温度差が生じ、Ｎ型半導体の電極１８
には負の、Ｐ型半導体の電極１７には正の起電力がそれ
ぞれ生じる。半導体の熱起電力（ｔｈｅｒｍｏｐｏｗｅ
ｒ）は大きな値を有し発電用の熱電変換素子として好ま
しい。The solar heat is received to heat the heat collecting metal plate, and the heat is conducted from above in the figure through the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor and is radiated by the radiator 12 to the outside such as the outer space.
A temperature difference occurs between the upper and lower junctions, and the N-type semiconductor electrode 18
, A positive electromotive force is generated at the P-type semiconductor electrode 17. Thermoelectric power of semiconductor
r) has a large value and is preferable as a thermoelectric conversion element for power generation.
【００９０】ところで、ゼーベック効果において、熱電
変換素子の熱起電力が印加された磁場に強く依存し、磁
場を印加した場合、ある温度範囲において熱起電力は、
磁場を印加しない場合と比べ相当量高くなることが知ら
れている（例えば、Ｂｌａｔｔ，Ｆ．Ｊ．，Ｇａｐｌａ
ｎ，Ａ．Ｄ，Ｃｈａｎｇ，Ｃ．Ｋ，ａｎｄ Ｓｈｒｏｅ
ｄｅｒ，Ｐ．Ａ．，Ｓｏｌｉｄ Ｓｔａｔｅ Ｃｏｍｍ
ｕｎ．１５，４１１，１９７４）。また、ゼーベック効
果とは対称的なペルチェ効果（ＰｅｌｔｉｅｒＥｆｆｅ
ｃｔ）を利用した熱電冷却において、例えばビスマス−
アンチモン合金の熱電変換の性能指数が磁場に印加する
ことにより向上することが知られており、近時、熱電変
換素子に対する磁場の印加による変換効率の向上に関す
る良好な実験結果が報告されている。In the Seebeck effect, the thermoelectromotive force of the thermoelectric conversion element strongly depends on the applied magnetic field, and when a magnetic field is applied, the thermoelectromotive force in a certain temperature range is
It is known that it is considerably higher than when no magnetic field is applied (eg, Blatt, FJ, Gapla).
n, A. D, Chang, C.E. K, and Shroe
der, P .; A. , Solid State Comm
un. 15, 411, 1974). Further, the Peltier effect (PeltierEffe) which is symmetrical to the Seebeck effect
In thermoelectric cooling using ct), for example, bismuth
It is known that the figure of merit of thermoelectric conversion of an antimony alloy is improved by applying a magnetic field, and recently, good experimental results on improvement of conversion efficiency by applying a magnetic field to a thermoelectric conversion element have been reported.
【００９１】本実施例は、図示の如く、Π型の熱電変換
部材に対して、例えば並行な方向、又は垂直な方向、更
には両方の方向に磁場を印加し、これにより熱電変換の
変換効率を高めるものである。なお、本実施例の磁場発
生手段としては、永久磁石が用いられるが、好もしい永
久磁石材料及びその構成は既に前記実施例１等で説明し
たものと同様なものが用いられるため、説明を省略す
る。In the present embodiment, as shown in the figure, a magnetic field is applied to a Π-shaped thermoelectric conversion member, for example, in a parallel direction or a vertical direction, or in both directions, whereby the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric conversion is improved. Is to increase. In this embodiment, a permanent magnet is used as the magnetic field generating means. However, since the preferred permanent magnet material and its configuration are the same as those already described in the first embodiment, the description is omitted. .
【００９２】以上、本発明を各種実施例に即して説明し
たが、本発明はこれら実施態様の各種組み合わせも含む
ことは勿論である。また本発明は、上記実施例に示した
態様にのみ限定されるものでなく、本発明の原理に準ず
る各種実施態様を含む。Although the present invention has been described with reference to various embodiments, it goes without saying that the present invention includes various combinations of these embodiments. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the above embodiments, but includes various embodiments in accordance with the principle of the present invention.
【００９３】[0093]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によれば、
太陽光を集光して熱源とし、ネルンスト効果を利用した
熱電変換により太陽熱発電を行なうため、高い変換効率
を保ちながら、従来の過熱蒸気を用いてタービンを回す
発電装置と比べ、大幅な小型化、軽量化、及び低コスト
化が達成できる。As described above, according to the present invention,
Solar power is generated by condensing sunlight as a heat source and performing thermoelectric conversion using the Nernst effect.Thus, while maintaining high conversion efficiency, it is significantly smaller than conventional power generators that use superheated steam to turn turbines. , Weight reduction and cost reduction can be achieved.
【００９４】そして、本発明によれば、発電手段は、集
光された太陽光が透過する窓部を設けた筒状の発電パイ
プとして構成され、集光効率を高めると共に、熱電変換
部材は発電パイプ内部に配設された磁場発生手段の磁極
間の空隙において、発電パイプの長手方向に延在されて
配設され、該熱電変換部材の長手方向両端部に長さに比
例した起電力が発生するため、発電パイプの長さに応じ
て所望の出力電圧が得られるという利点を有する。According to the present invention, the power generation means is configured as a cylindrical power generation pipe provided with a window through which the condensed sunlight passes. In the gap between the magnetic poles of the magnetic field generating means disposed inside the pipe, the power generation pipe is disposed to extend in the longitudinal direction of the power generation pipe, and an electromotive force proportional to the length is generated at both longitudinal ends of the thermoelectric conversion member. Therefore, there is an advantage that a desired output voltage can be obtained according to the length of the power generation pipe.
【００９５】本発明における発電手段は、太陽光が透過
する窓部が、パラボラ型の集光装置の焦線に合致するよ
うに位置合わせされて配置されるため、集光、集熱効率
が向上し、熱発電の出力電圧を高めることができる。In the power generation means of the present invention, the window through which sunlight passes is positioned and arranged so as to coincide with the focal line of the parabolic concentrator, so that the light condensing and heat collecting efficiency is improved. As a result, the output voltage of the thermoelectric generator can be increased.
【００９６】また、本発明においては、発電パイプ内部
に設けられる磁場発生手段として、例えば磁束密度が
１．５テスラにも及ぶ希土類磁石を用いた場合、磁場発
生手段の小型化が達成され、発電パイプの径寸法が大幅
に縮減されると共に、装置の低コスト化も達成できると
いう利点を有する。特に、本発明において、永久磁石を
熱電変換部材から離間して配置し、空隙と永久磁石との
間にヨークを設けた構成によれば、永久磁石の磁気特性
の温度安定性が確保される。In the present invention, when a rare earth magnet having a magnetic flux density of 1.5 Tesla is used as the magnetic field generating means provided inside the power generation pipe, the size of the magnetic field generating means can be reduced, and There is an advantage that the diameter of the pipe can be greatly reduced and the cost of the apparatus can be reduced. In particular, in the present invention, according to the configuration in which the permanent magnet is arranged apart from the thermoelectric conversion member and the yoke is provided between the gap and the permanent magnet, the temperature stability of the magnetic properties of the permanent magnet is ensured.
【００９７】さらに、本発明によれば、磁場発生手段の
空隙の間に配設される熱電変換部材の断面形状は、該熱
電変換部材を形成する熱電変換素子の特性に応じて、略
台形型の形状とされ、加熱側は幅を大とし、冷却側は幅
を小とし、例えば高温側と低温側の電流の均一化を達成
し、熱電変換部材内における温度勾配の一様化を実現し
ている。また、かかる断面形状により、熱電変換素子の
受光面は冷却側端の面積よりも大きく設けられ、集熱量
を増大させている。Further, according to the present invention, the cross-sectional shape of the thermoelectric conversion member provided between the gaps of the magnetic field generating means has a substantially trapezoidal shape in accordance with the characteristics of the thermoelectric conversion element forming the thermoelectric conversion member. The heating side has a large width and the cooling side has a small width, for example, achieving uniform current on the high temperature side and low temperature side, and achieving uniform temperature gradient in the thermoelectric conversion member. ing. In addition, due to such a cross-sectional shape, the light receiving surface of the thermoelectric conversion element is provided to be larger than the area of the cooling side end, thereby increasing the amount of heat collection.
【００９８】さらにまた、本発明によれば、集熱手段と
して、熱電変換部材の高温側端部に互いに対向する翼状
のミラーと、該ミラーの反射光を受光して集熱する熱吸
収体を設けることにより、磁極間の空隙の長さを所望の
長さに保ちながら集光量を特段に増大させるという利点
を有する。Further, according to the present invention, as the heat collecting means, a wing-shaped mirror opposed to the high-temperature side end of the thermoelectric conversion member, and a heat absorber which receives reflected light from the mirror and collects heat. The provision of this arrangement has an advantage that the amount of condensed light is particularly increased while the length of the gap between the magnetic poles is maintained at a desired length.
【００９９】そして、本発明によれば、ネルンスト効果
により熱電発電を行なう熱電変換部材は、半導体等の熱
電変換素子と電気的絶縁層とが交互に複数層堆積された
積層構造から形成され、これにより、高い出力電圧を取
り出せると共に、単層構造に比べて同一の厚さの場合に
熱電変換部材内の温度勾配の安定性を増大するという利
点を有する。According to the present invention, the thermoelectric conversion member for performing thermoelectric generation by the Nernst effect is formed from a laminated structure in which a plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements such as semiconductors and electrical insulating layers are alternately deposited. Thereby, there is an advantage that a high output voltage can be obtained, and the stability of the temperature gradient in the thermoelectric conversion member is increased when the thickness is the same as compared with the single-layer structure.
【０１００】本発明におけるゼーベック効果による熱電
発電装置の構成によれば、熱源として集光された太陽熱
を用い、高温側から熱電変換素子を伝達した熱は冷却用
のラジエターを介して宇宙空間に放熱され、更に熱電変
換部材に対し所定の向きに磁場を印加し、かかる簡易な
構成により変換効率を高めると共に、小型、軽量化を達
成し、特に衛星等に搭載する電源として最適である。According to the configuration of the thermoelectric generator by the Seebeck effect in the present invention, concentrated solar heat is used as a heat source, and the heat transmitted from the high-temperature side to the thermoelectric conversion element is radiated to outer space through a cooling radiator. Further, a magnetic field is applied to the thermoelectric conversion member in a predetermined direction, and the conversion efficiency is increased by such a simple configuration, and the size and weight are reduced, which is particularly suitable as a power supply mounted on a satellite or the like.
【図１】本発明の一実施例の発電パイプの構成を説明す
るための横断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a configuration of a power generation pipe according to one embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の一実施例における集光装置と発電パイ
プの配置状態を説明するための図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an arrangement state of a light collecting device and a power generation pipe in one embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の一実施例の冷却手段の構成を説明する
ための横断面図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a cooling unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】本発明における磁場発生手段の構成例の一例を
説明する図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration example of a magnetic field generating unit according to the present invention.
【図５】本発明における磁場発生手段の構成例の別の例
を説明する図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining another example of the configuration example of the magnetic field generating means in the present invention.
【図６】本発明の第２の実施例の構成を説明する図であ
る。FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
【図７】本発明の第３の実施例の構成を説明する図であ
る。FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
【図８】本発明における熱電変換部材の構成例を説明す
る図である。FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a thermoelectric conversion member according to the present invention.
【図９】ネルンスト効果の原理を説明する図である。FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the principle of the Nernst effect.
【図１０】本発明における、ゼーベック効果を利用した
熱電変換方式の太陽熱発電装置の原理を示す図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the principle of a thermoelectric conversion type solar thermal power generation device utilizing the Seebeck effect in the present invention.
【図１１】ソーラー・セルの構成の一例を示す説明図で
ある。FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the configuration of a solar cell.
【図１２】従来の太陽熱発電装置の構成の一例を示すブ
ロック図である。FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a conventional solar thermal power generation device.
１…熱電変換部材、２…永久磁石、３…冷却パイプ、４
…真空パイプ、５…窓部、６…太陽光、７…支持棒、８
…ヨーク、９…磁極片、１０…発電パイプ、１１…集光
装置、１２…放熱用ラジエター、１３…ミラー、１４…
熱吸収体、１５…反射防止膜、１６…集熱金属板、１
７，１８…電極、１９…反射板、２０…接合部。DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Thermoelectric conversion member, 2 ... Permanent magnet, 3 ... Cooling pipe, 4
... vacuum pipe, 5 ... window, 6 ... sunlight, 7 ... support rod, 8
... Yoke, 9 ... Pole piece, 10 ... Power generation pipe, 11 ... Condenser, 12 ... Heat radiator, 13 ... Mirror, 14 ...
Heat absorber, 15: anti-reflection film, 16: heat collecting metal plate, 1
7, 18 ... electrode, 19 ... reflector, 20 ... joint.
フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平５−259514（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平３−230057（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平６−242276（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平７−142769（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平７−202277（ＪＰ，Ａ) ＳＯＬＩＤ ＳＴＡＴＥ ＣＯＭＭＵ ＮＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＳ，15〜２！（1974) （英）Ｐ．411−414Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-5-259514 (JP, A) JP-A-3-230057 (JP, A) JP-A-6-242276 (JP, A) JP-A-7-142769 (JP) JP-A-7-202277 (JP, A) SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS, 15-2! (1974) (UK) 411-414
Claims (15)
する発電手段と、を有し、 該発電手段が、 所定の空隙に磁場を発生する磁場発生手段と、 該空隙の間に配設され、前記磁場と交叉する方向からみ
て一側が前記集光手段により加熱される熱電変換部材
と、 該熱電変換部材の他側を冷却する冷却手段と、を備え、 前記熱電変換部材内に生じる温度勾配の方向と前記磁場
の方向に互いに垂直な方向に沿って前記熱電変換部材の
両端から電圧を取り出すようにした太陽熱発電装置。1. A light condensing means for condensing sunlight, and a power generation means for generating heat by using the sunlight condensed by the light condensing means as a heat source, wherein the power generation means is provided in a predetermined gap. A magnetic field generating means for generating a magnetic field, a thermoelectric conversion member disposed between the air gaps, one side of which is heated by the light condensing means as viewed from a direction intersecting with the magnetic field; and the other side of the thermoelectric conversion member is cooled. And a cooling means for performing a cooling operation, wherein a voltage is taken out from both ends of the thermoelectric conversion member along a direction perpendicular to a direction of a temperature gradient generated in the thermoelectric conversion member and a direction of the magnetic field.
え、 前記磁場発生手段が、該真空パイプの内側に設けられた
永久磁石を有し、互いに異なる磁極が前記空隙と対向す
るリング形態に形成され、 前記冷却手段が、前記磁場発生手段の中空部に配設され
た冷却パイプを有する請求項１記載の太陽熱発電装置。2. A ring configuration in which the power generation means includes a cylindrical vacuum pipe, the magnetic field generation means includes a permanent magnet provided inside the vacuum pipe, and different magnetic poles face the gap. The solar thermal power generator according to claim 1, wherein the cooling means includes a cooling pipe disposed in a hollow portion of the magnetic field generating means.
記熱電変換部材が配設される部位に対応して窓部が設け
られた請求項２記載の太陽熱発電装置。3. The solar thermal power generator according to claim 2, wherein a window is provided in the vacuum pipe at least corresponding to a portion where the thermoelectric conversion member is provided.
には真空の間隙が設けられて成る請求項２記載の太陽熱
発電装置。4. The solar thermal power generator according to claim 2, wherein a vacuum gap is provided between said magnetic field generating means and said vacuum pipe.
て前記真空パイプに接合した請求項２記載の太陽熱発電
装置。5. The solar thermal power generator according to claim 2, wherein a cooling-side end of the thermoelectric conversion member extends and is joined to the vacuum pipe.
部材を形成する熱電変換素子の特性に応じて、加熱側端
を長辺とし冷却側端を短辺とする略台形型の形状とされ
る請求項２記載の太陽熱発電装置。6. A cross section of the thermoelectric conversion member has a substantially trapezoidal shape in which a heating side end is a long side and a cooling side end is a short side in accordance with characteristics of a thermoelectric conversion element forming the thermoelectric conversion member. The solar thermal power generator according to claim 2, wherein
し、前記発電手段を前記集光手段の集光面に並行して配
設し、前記窓部に前記集光面の焦線が一致するように配
置されて成る請求項３記載の太陽熱発電装置。7. The light-collecting means has a light-collecting surface having a parabolic curve, the power-generating means is arranged in parallel with the light-collecting surface of the light-collecting means, and the light-collecting surface is provided on the window. 4. The solar thermal power generator according to claim 3, wherein the thermal lines are arranged so that the focal lines coincide with each other.
が前記空隙を介して対向する二つの永久磁石と、端部が
前記二つの永久磁石にそれぞれ接続されたヨークとを有
する請求項２記載の太陽熱発電装置。8. The magnetic field generating means according to claim 2, wherein the magnetic field generating means has two permanent magnets whose magnetic poles are different from each other via the air gap, and a yoke whose ends are connected to the two permanent magnets, respectively. Solar thermal power plant.
極にそれぞれ一端が接続されたヨークを有し、該ヨーク
は延在されてその他端が前記空隙に対向する請求項２記
載の太陽熱発電装置。9. The solar thermal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the magnetic field generating means has a yoke having one end connected to each magnetic pole of the permanent magnet, and the yoke is extended and the other end faces the air gap. Power generator.
と対向する端面を反射膜で表面処理した請求項２、８、
９のいずれか一に記載の太陽熱発電装置。10. An end face of said magnetic field generating means facing said thermoelectric conversion member is surface-treated with a reflective film.
10. The solar thermal power generator according to any one of 9 above.
方向からみて前記熱電変換部材の一側に設けられ、互い
に対向し且つ前記熱電変換部材から離間するに従い拡開
するミラーと、一側が前記熱電変換部材に接続された熱
吸収体と、を有し、 前記冷却手段を前記熱電変換部材の他側に付設して成る
請求項１記載の太陽熱発電装置。11. A mirror provided on one side of the thermoelectric conversion member as viewed from a direction crossing the magnetic field, a mirror facing each other and expanding as the distance from the thermoelectric conversion member increases; The solar thermal power generator according to claim 1, further comprising a heat absorber connected to the thermoelectric conversion member, wherein the cooling means is provided on the other side of the thermoelectric conversion member.
数並設し、各発電装置に設けられた電極を直列又は並列
形態に接続して成る太陽熱発電装置。12. A solar thermal power generation device comprising a plurality of the solar thermal power generation devices according to claim 11 arranged in parallel, and electrodes provided on each of the power generation devices connected in series or in parallel.
絶縁層とを交互に複数層堆積して成る積層体として形成
された請求項１乃至１１のいずれか一に記載の太陽熱発
電装置。13. The solar thermal power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric conversion member is formed as a laminate formed by alternately depositing a plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements and insulating layers.
れぞれ電極を設け、これらの電極を直列形態に接続した
請求項１１記載の太陽熱発電装置。14. The solar thermal power generator according to claim 11, wherein electrodes are provided at both ends of the plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements, respectively, and these electrodes are connected in series.
熱電変換素子から成るΠ型熱電変換部材と、 前記Π型熱電変換部材の他端を冷却するための冷却手段
と、を備え、 更に、前記Π型熱電変換部材に対し所定の方向に磁場を
印加し、 太陽光により前記集熱導体が加熱され前記Π型熱電変換
部材の他端に設けられた電極から電圧を取り出すように
構成された太陽熱発電装置。15. A heat-collecting conductor having a light-receiving surface on one side, a Π-type thermoelectric conversion member having one end connected to the other side of the heat-collector and comprising thermoelectric conversion elements of different types from each other; A cooling means for cooling the other end of the conversion member, further applying a magnetic field in a predetermined direction to the 熱 -type thermoelectric conversion member, A solar thermal power generator configured to extract a voltage from an electrode provided at the other end of the conversion member.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6176421A JP2569428B2 (en) | 1994-07-28 | 1994-07-28 | Solar thermal power plant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6176421A JP2569428B2 (en) | 1994-07-28 | 1994-07-28 | Solar thermal power plant |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0846246A JPH0846246A (en) | 1996-02-16 |
| JP2569428B2 true JP2569428B2 (en) | 1997-01-08 |
Family
ID=16013409
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6176421A Expired - Lifetime JP2569428B2 (en) | 1994-07-28 | 1994-07-28 | Solar thermal power plant |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2569428B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4574274B2 (en) * | 2004-08-03 | 2010-11-04 | 株式会社リコー | Thermoelectric converter |
| DE102007062286A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | Bleich, Karl-Heinz, Dr.-Ing. | Thermoelectric generator system for e.g. electrical current generation, in automobile electronics, uses thermal energy required for space heating or hot water supply, by usage requirements of heat and power combination |
| ES2371582B1 (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2012-12-13 | Juana Maria Aparicio Adarbe | ELECTROSOLAR COLLECTOR BY THERMOGALVANIC EFFECT. |
| JP2011087416A (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2011-04-28 | Fujikura Ltd | Solar thermal power generator |
-
1994
- 1994-07-28 JP JP6176421A patent/JP2569428B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| ＳＯＬＩＤ ＳＴＡＴＥ ＣＯＭＭＵＮＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＳ，１５〜２！（１９７４）（英）Ｐ．４１１−４１４ |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0846246A (en) | 1996-02-16 |
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