JP2553863B2 - Method for producing embryo extract containing glutathione - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for producing a glutathione (hereinafter referred to as GSH) -containing germ extract.

[Conventional technology]

GSH is a peptide that participates in the redox system in the body and plays an important role in various fields such as biochemistry and medicine as a coenzyme for various oxygens.

GSH is abundant in mammalian organs and microorganisms such as yeast. However, the supply of mammalian organs is limited and is not suitable as a raw material for industrial scale production.

On the other hand, microorganisms such as yeast are generally used as a raw material for GSH industrial production because they have many advantages such as the fact that an arbitrary amount of cells can be obtained and the GSH content in the cells can be increased by a culturing operation. .

However, pollution caused by industrial wastewater has become a problem, and in the fermentation industry involving a large amount of culture waste liquid,
Utilization of yeast is not always an advantageous method because wastewater treatment is a heavy burden. There are also GSH-rich foods made from yeast as the main ingredient, but the unusual odor and taste peculiar to yeast cannot be avoided.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

Therefore, the present inventors used a germ that has a high GSH content, is easily available, and is advantageous in terms of price, and color the GSH-containing material that could not be extracted with a conventionally satisfactory operation and yield. We investigated the method that can be industrially advantageously extracted in a state of good taste.

As a conventional general method for extracting the germ component, the following 1) to
The method of 4) was known.

1) A method of extracting cereal germ with hot water at a temperature of 70 ° C. or more in the presence of starch hydrolase. (Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-1027) 2) A method in which a hydrolyzed cereal germ is first treated with a protease and noodle complex oxygen, and then the treated product is treated with α-amylase to perform extraction. (JP-A-48-1170) 3) A method of extracting brown rice germ with warm water at 95 ° C. (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 56-48875) 4) Water of a cereal germ, α-amylase at 70 to 95 ° C.,
Then, a method in which a protease is allowed to act at 45 to 55 ° C., heating is further performed, and then solid-liquid separation is performed. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-149351) However, when the embryos are extracted with water by the methods 1) to 4) above, a) the extraction efficiency of GSH is extremely poor, and b) solid-liquid separation of the extract is difficult. C) There is a problem that practical filtration operation is difficult, d) Browning of the extract over time and browning due to heat drying are significant, and chemically unstable GSH can be efficiently obtained. I couldn't.

In addition, as an extraction method for the purpose of efficiently obtaining GSH from the embryo, 5) pH of water extraction of glutathione from the embryo
A method for producing a glutathione-containing solution from embryo, which is characterized in that the pH is adjusted such that the extraction is carried out under the conditions of 6 to 8 and the pH is adjusted to 2 to 3 after the extraction (JP-A-51-141899). There is. However, under the strongly acidic condition of pH 2 to 3 used in this method, various active ingredients other than GSH are lost, and various inconveniences occur in the subsequent treatments such as concentration and drying.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to obtain a GSH-containing extract from a germ, by a simple extraction operation, the extract is not colored, and the germ extract has a good taste with little loss of various active ingredients and GSH. To provide a method for producing a solution as well as a dried product.

[Means for Solving Problems] A first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that yeast is fermented by decomposing sugar to alcohol-ferment and water, and fermented, followed by solid-liquid separation. And a method for producing a glutathione-containing germ extract.

A second aspect of the present invention is a glutathione-containing germ extract, characterized in that yeast is fermented by adding water and yeast that decomposes sugar to alcohol ferment, and heat-treated and then solid-liquid separated. Is a manufacturing method of.

 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

I. Raw materials i) Embryos The germs used in the present invention are cereal germs or legume germs, and specifically, rice, wheat, barley, oats, dove, rye, corn, buckwheat, fluff, acne, hie. , Sorghum, soybean, azuki bean, green beans, peas, salmon, broad beans, etc. When using these germs as raw materials, there is no particular restriction on the form, and the germs as they are,
A powder, a coarsely crushed product, an unbalanced product or any other form can be used.

ii) Fermentation mother Yeast used in the present invention decomposes sugar to perform alcohol fermentation, and can be easily obtained as a commercial product. Examples include sake yeast, alcohol yeast, brewer's yeast, wine yeast, baker's yeast and the like. As the form, any form such as live bacteria, dried product, and pressed product can be used.

II. Extraction / Fermentation Treatment In the present invention, first, yeast is added to an aqueous suspension of germs to extract GSH and other active ingredients under the condition of about 30 ° C., and at the same time, the yeast is fermented to extract. Decrease the sugar content in. The reaction conditions and effects in this step are as follows.

i) Amount of yeast added The amount of yeast added varies depending on the properties and properties of the yeast to be used, the fermentation titer, and the properties and quality of the starting germ, but in most cases 0.1 to 10% by weight based on the starting germ. %
Is enough. However, if it is used in an excessively large amount, bacterial cells may be dispersed in the reaction system, and it may be difficult to obtain a transparent extract even if solid-liquid separation is performed in a subsequent step.

ii) Timing of Yeast Addition Yeast can be added to the reaction system before solid-liquid separation of the culture solution at any time. That is, it may be added at any stage during the extraction process or during the extraction process, and may be added before or after the reaction system is heated to about 30 ° C. Further, it is a usual treatment method to add the yeast after suspending the germ in water, but the yeast may be added before the germ, or the mixture of the germ and the yeast may be added to the water. .

iii) Extraction / fermentation temperature The extraction / fermentation temperature is preferably about 30 ° C., although it varies depending on the nature, properties, fermentability of yeast, and the properties and quality of the starting germ. In addition, when yeast or the like that is fermented at low temperature by the recent biotechnology is used, it can be carried out at lower temperature or higher temperature in relation to the extraction efficiency of GSH. The extraction temperature can be changed from room temperature to around 30 ° C, or can be almost constant.

iv) Other conditions There are no special restrictions on the amount of extracted water, for example, raw material germ 1
An amount of about 2 to 10 parts by weight with respect to parts by weight is sufficient.

The type of extraction / fermentation tank and the temperature adjustment method can be freely designed.

Stirring can be used in the extraction / fermentation, and the temperature can be adjusted by an open flame, an electric heater, a simmering pipe heater, steaming, or the like.

The extraction / fermentation time is usually about 1 to 8 hours.
It can be appropriately adjusted depending on the extraction conditions and fermentation conditions.

v) Effect In the extraction / fermentation process, yeast produces carbon dioxide in the culture solution, so that the pH of the culture solution is in a stable acidic region (pH about 4 to 5.5) for GSH.

Further, since the sugar content in the culture solution can be reduced by fermentation, browning of the extract due to the Maillard reaction or the like can be prevented. Further, browning can be prevented even in the concentration / drying treatment of the extract in the subsequent step. Especially in the drying treatment, if the sugar content is high, the extract becomes syrup-like and cannot be dried. However, reducing the sugar content facilitates pulverization.

III. Heat treatment By subjecting the culture broth, which has undergone the extraction / fermentation process as described above, to heat treatment at high temperature for a short time, solid-liquid separation is facilitated, and proteins can be thermally coagulated and removed.
At the same time, this heat treatment can sterilize and inactivate the GSH-degrading yeast present in the culture broth to prevent GSH loss. The heating time at this time is preferably 1 to 60 minutes, particularly preferably 5 to 20 minutes. The heating temperature is 50 to 20.
0 ° C. is preferable, and 80 to 100 ° C. is particularly preferable.

The heating method can be performed by using an open flame, an electric heater, a sunk pipe heater, steaming, or the like.

The culture solution that has undergone the extraction / fermentation process may be directly heat-treated, but in order to effectively use the extraction residue, the extraction solution is once heat-treated after separating the residue. It is preferable. In particular, since most of the oils and fats and vitamin E are retained in the extraction residue, they can be used as a raw material or food material.

IV. Solid-Liquid Separation The extract thus heat-treated is then separated into a solid phase and a liquid phase, and solid phase components such as proteins displaced by heating are removed.

In the separation, unlike the conventional method using only water, the liquid phase and the solid phase can be easily separated, and therefore any conventionally known means used for liquid-solid phase separation can be adopted. For example, a sedimentation method, a filtration method, a centrifugal separation method can be used, or these can be used in combination. As the centrifugation method, it is preferable to use a continuous centrifuge. When using a sedimentation method or a filtration method, if desired, an organic or inorganic sedimentation agent may be used to further facilitate solid-liquid separation and filtration. For example, a filter aid, diatomaceous earth, or clay. ,
A filter aid such as sodium polyacrylate and a sedimentation agent can be used.

V. Concentration / Drying The extract separated from the solid phase with or without the heat treatment step according to the above-mentioned production method is used as it is or after being concentrated by a known concentration means which is not susceptible to thermal denaturation as much as possible. be able to.

Further, similarly, it can be pulverized by a known drying means that is less susceptible to heat denaturation. When pulverizing, various auxiliaries can be used if desired.

Industrially, the extract is concentrated by a general method such as a rotary evaporator, a centrifugal thin-film vacuum distillation apparatus, a continuous vacuum dryer, a freeze dryer and a spray dryer.
It can be dried and powdered.

Since GSH is unstable to light, oxidation, heat, etc. throughout the manufacturing process of the present invention, it is preferable to manufacture it by shielding from light and cooling as much as possible during the process and further adding an antioxidant.

VI. Method of using glutathione-containing germ extract The glutathione-containing germ extract obtained as described above is useful as a liquid or dry product in a wide range of fields including foods, beverages, luxury foods, health drugs, and pharmaceuticals. Contains a wide variety of abundant useful ingredients.

For example, as food and drink, water, hot water, cider, can be mixed with milk or the like and can be used for drinking, and further chewing gum base, breads, Japanese and Western confectionery, beverages, drinks, cold confectionery, dairy products, It can be added to kneaded products, tofu, fermented foods, noodles, etc. as a health and nutrition enhancer and used for eating and drinking. Furthermore, it can be used as it is as a health and nutritional supplement.

In particular, the dried product can be made into various dosage forms such as granules, pellets, coated tablets and capsules.

Furthermore, the glutathione-containing germ extract obtained by the method of the present invention can be used by appropriately blending various antioxidants, preservatives, seasonings, flavors and the like, if necessary.

In addition, the dried product of the extraction residue produced by the method of the present invention has a good flavor and color and is rich in vitamin E. Therefore, it is preferable as a material for health foods, as well as for pet food and other feed nutrition. It is also suitable as an agent.

〔The invention's effect〕

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The production method of the present invention and the glutathione-containing germ extract according to the present invention have the following advantages over the conventional techniques.

a) It has a better flavor than conventional yeast foods containing GSH extracted from yeast.

b) Conventionally, the extraction efficiency of the water-soluble component of embryo was extremely poor, and the yield was only about 2 to 3% (dry matter conversion). However, according to the method of the present invention, 15 to 20% of the water-soluble component was obtained. Can be extracted. In addition, the loss of GSH is low, so the GSH concentration in the extract is high, and 100 g of dried product contains 32 GSH.
Those containing 2 mg or more can be obtained.

c) Since solid-liquid separation is easy, it is easy to use an industrial scale separator, for example, a continuous separator such as a disc type or a screw decanter type.

d) Practical filtration operation is easy.

e) Since the sugar content is reduced by fermentation, there is no browning of the culture broth or extract over time or browning due to heat drying, and the powder can be easily made into a powder.

f) Less loss of active ingredients other than GSH.

g) Since the protein is removed from the extract, it becomes water-soluble and can be dissolved in beverages such as juice.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. In the present specification,% means% by weight unless otherwise specified.

In addition, throughout the following examples, the GSH content was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The conditions are as follows.

Column: Finepak SIL C ₁₈ S (manufactured by JASCO Corporation) Mobile phase: A → 0.5M phosphate buffer (pH3.0) B → 1M phosphate buffer (pH3.0): Methyl alcohol = 1: 1 A : B = 75: 25 Detector: UV spectrophotometer (manufactured by JASCO Corporation) 330n
m Example 1 Wheat germ [Nippon Flour Milling Co., Ltd .: trade name A germ] 600 g
And baker's yeast [Sankyo Co., Ltd .: trade name Sankyo Yeast] 15
g was added to water 3 at 30 ° C. and suspended, and the mixture was fermented while keeping the temperature at 30 ° C. while gently shaking for 4 hours. This culture solution was centrifuged at 11,000 G, and the resulting precipitate was heated to 135 ° C.
It was dried for 3 hours.

The supernatant obtained by centrifugation was heat-treated in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes, and then the white precipitate formed was centrifuged at 11,000 G. This supernatant was treated with a freeze vacuum dryer to obtain 91.7 g of powder. The GSH content of this powder was 322 mg / 100 g. Further, this powder was dissolved in water to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. None of the above-mentioned supernatant, powder and aqueous solution had an offensive taste.

 The above yields and yields are shown in Table 1.

The data obtained by analyzing the components of the extract powder are shown in Table 2.

Example 2 Step 1: Wheat germ [Nippon Flour Milling Co., Ltd .: trade name A germ]
10 kg of baker's yeast (manufactured by Sankyo Co., Ltd .: trade name Sankyo yeast) 250 g was suspended in 100 kg of water in 50 kg of water which had been preheated to 30 ° C. Then, this was fermented in a thermostatic chamber at 33 to 35 ° C. for 4 hours while gently stirring with a stirring motor.

Process 2: After fermentation, using a screw decanter, 30 per hour
Solid-liquid separation was carried out with a feed rate of 0 kg. The solid content (residue 1) was 12.5 kg in wet weight, and the separated liquid (extract 1) was 49.2 kg.

Step 3: The separated liquid was heated to 90 ° C. for 15 minutes with a pipe-type throwing heater. After leaving it as such for 5 minutes, it was cooled to 30 ° C. over 10 minutes by a pipe-type dropping cooler.

Step 4: The heat-treated liquid was sent in a continuous centrifugal separator at 200 to 500 kg per hour to perform solid-liquid separation. The separated liquid (extract 2) was collected in an amount of 40 kg, and the solid content (residue 2) was collected in a minute amount.

Step 5: The separated liquid thus obtained was transparent with a light yellowish brown color and had a good flavor. The separated liquid was concentrated in a centrifugal thin-film vacuum distillation apparatus at a product temperature of 40 ° C with an amount of 80 to 100 kg per hour, concentrated to about 4 kg, and further powdered with a belt-type continuous vacuum drying apparatus to yield 1.8 kg. Of powder was obtained. The GSH content of this powder was 269 mg / 100 g.

The following Table 3 shows the extract 1 collected in Step 2 of Example 2.
Fig. 7 shows the change with time when was left at room temperature. The water extract used as Comparative Example 1 was extracted by the same procedure as in Step 1 of Example 2, but without the addition of baker's yeast.
In the same manner as in Extract 1.

The following Table 4 shows the residue 1 recovered in step 2 of Example 2.
The components of the product obtained after drying for 3 hours at 135 ° C. and the components of wheat germ are shown.

Example 3 Wheat germ and baker's yeast were fermented in the same manner as in step 1 of Example 2. However, the fermentation time was set to 8 hours, and the fermentation liquid was sampled every hour to examine the sugar content and GSH content. The sugar content was measured by the phenol-sulfuric acid method using the sampled fermentation broth as a sample and converted into the amount of sucrose. The GSH content was measured by centrifuging the sampled fermentation broth and then freeze-drying. The results are shown in Fig. 1.

Example 4 The same treatment as in Example 1 was carried out, except that the supernatant obtained by centrifugation was treated with a freeze dryer without heat treatment to obtain 126.0 g of a powder. The GSH content of this powder is 279 mg / 100
It was g. None of the above supernatant and powder had an offensive taste.

Example 5 The same processes as in Steps 1 and 2 of Example 2 were performed, and Step 2
To obtain a separated liquid (extract 1). The separated liquid thus obtained was a pale yellowish brown color and had a good flavor. Separated liquid is centrifugal thin film vacuum distillation equipment at a product temperature of 40 ° C and 80 per hour
When the amount of liquid fed was -100 kg, the solution was concentrated to about 5.5 kg and further powdered with a belt-type continuous vacuum dryer to obtain 2.5 kg of powder. The GSH content of this powder was 250 mg / 100 g.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows the results of fermenting an aqueous suspension of wheat germ and baker's yeast for 8 hours and measuring the sugar content and GSH content every hour.

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A process for producing a glutathione-containing germ extract, which comprises adding yeast to water that decomposes sugar to perform alcohol fermentation and water to ferment the mixture, followed by solid-liquid separation. 2. A method for producing a glutathione-containing germ extract, which comprises adding yeast and water, which decompose sugars to perform alcohol fermentation, to water and ferment the germ, heat-treating the mixture, and performing solid-liquid separation. . 3. A method for fermenting an embryo by adding yeast and water for decomposing sugar and performing alcoholic fermentation to remove solid components from the culture solution, followed by heat treatment, followed by solid-liquid separation. And a method for producing a glutathione-containing germ extract.