JP2549481B2 - Continuous carbonization device and continuous carbonization method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a continuous carbonization apparatus and a continuous carbonization method, and more particularly to a continuous carbonization apparatus and a continuous carbonization method for continuously carbonizing a carbonization raw material such as wood chips.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, unnecessary wood materials (hereinafter sometimes referred to as wood materials) such as wood chips, bark, ogre powder, and thinning wood generated from lumber mills have been used. It is incinerated, landfilled, or cut without being left. In order to effectively utilize such a wood material, it has been attempted to carbonize the wood material into a raw material such as activated carbon. As a carbonization method for carbonizing such a wood material, a filling method in which a carbonized raw material such as wood material cut into an appropriate size is filled and incompletely burned is generally used, as in the case of conventional charcoal burning. . However, in the case of the filling method, a large amount of foul-smelling smoke is generated due to incomplete combustion,
When industrially producing activated carbon raw materials and the like, it is necessary to install flue gas treatment equipment, which makes the carbonization equipment complicated and large. Therefore, in the filling method,
Only small amounts of wood are processed in batches.
Moreover, the carbide obtained by the filling method has many volatile components,
When an activated carbon is produced by subjecting a carbide to an activation treatment, it is necessary to remove volatile components in advance.

On the other hand, in a fluidized bed system in which a carbonized raw material cut into a predetermined size is combusted in a state of being suspended in an air stream and carbonized, the excess air ratio becomes large and complete combustion occurs, resulting in a bad odor. It is possible to suppress the generation of smoke and to reduce the volatile components in the obtained carbide. But,
Since the ash content in the obtained charcoal becomes large, a step such as pickling is required when the obtained charcoal is subjected to activation treatment to be activated carbon, and the cost of the finally obtained activated carbon increases. Further, in the fluidized bed method, it is necessary to dry the carbonization raw material in advance, and since the fluidization state is likely to change due to changes in the size of the carbonization raw material, etc., the carbonization raw material should be fluidized in a stable state. Requires extremely precise control. Further, using a carbonization device provided with a metal screw conveyor in a fixed cylinder, the carbonization raw material supplied from one end of the cylinder is transferred toward the other end of the cylinder by the metal screw conveyor. A cylinder system in which combustion is performed and carbonization is also attempted.

[0004]

According to the cylinder method, the carbonization raw material can be carbonized without being dried in advance, and the control is simple. However, in the tubular body method, since the carbonization raw material supplied into the tubular body is transferred by the metal screw conveyor mounted in the tubular body, it is possible to burn at a high temperature that damages the metal screw conveyor. It cannot be done, and the carbonized raw material must be burned at a low temperature. Therefore, volatile components are likely to remain in the obtained carbide. Further, the metal screw conveyor is likely to be damaged by continuous use even under low temperature combustion, and requires periodic repair / replacement, etc., and maintenance of the carbonization device becomes complicated. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a continuous carbonization apparatus and a continuous carbonization method which can obtain a carbide having a small amount of volatile components, have a simple structure and control, and can easily operate and maintain the apparatus.

[0005]

According to the above-mentioned tubular method, the inventor of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to control. Therefore, the carbonization raw material can be used without using a metal screw conveyor that is difficult to maintain. It was considered that the object of the present invention can be achieved if the above can be transferred. As a result, they have found that the carbonized raw material can be transferred from one end of the tubular body to the other end by rotating the tapered tubular body without using a metal screw conveyor, and the present invention has been accomplished.

That is , the present invention is based on one end to the other end.
The tapered inner surface that gradually reduces the inner diameter toward the end of
The fire-resistant concrete layer formed on the smooth surface is the innermost layer
The provided cylinder and the maximum diameter that maximizes the inside diameter of the cylinder
The end side is rotatably connected and a solid stack with a chimney
Provided at the fixed part and the minimum diameter end part where the inner diameter of the cylindrical body is the minimum
Carbonized raw materials such as wood chips are continuously supplied to the designated raw material supply section.
And a cylindrical body provided outside the cylindrical body.
A rotating device that rotates the tubular body so that the carbonized raw material supplied into the tubular body moves in the direction of the maximum radial end portion, and the fixed portion, which is provided in the fixed portion, from the maximum radial end portion to the minimum radial end portion of the tubular body. Blast in the direction
The reversing flow in which the generated air flow reverses at the minimum diameter end is fixed
To discharge through a stack provided in section, a blower for forced air air cylinder outside the minimum diameter end direction of the cylindrical body, wherein
Combustible gas from carbonized raw materials contained in the reverse flow is burned
Combustion region that heats the air flow from outside the cylinder that comes into contact with chemical raw materials
Of the carbonization raw material so that the region is near the center of the cylinder.
Control means for adjusting the supply amount and the rotational speed of the cylinder,
Carbonized material dried in contact with heated air and counterflow
However, the carbide obtained by passing through the combustion region is
By comprising Eject the cylinder outside the maximum diameter end and a take-out portion for cooling and suppression in a continuous carbonization apparatus according to claim. Further, the present invention is a chimney is rotatably connected to a fixed part mounted, and the one other end tapered inner surface whose inner diameter Ru is gradually reduced in diameter toward the from end forming a smooth surface The cylinder with the fireproof concrete layer as the innermost layer
The minimum diameter end that rotates while controlling to the minimum inner diameter of the cylinder
Parts such as wood chips continuously supplied while adjusting the supply amount from the
The carbonized raw material is transferred in the direction of the maximum diameter end where the inner diameter of the cylinder is maximum, and the air outside the cylinder is discharged from the maximum diameter end of the cylinder.
The airflow forcibly blown in the direction of the minimum diameter end,
In order to discharge from the chimney provided at the end of the large diameter part,
Invert at the small diameter end to make an inverted flow, and
Burn the combustible gas from the carbonized raw material contained near the center of the cylinder.
Combustion area that burns and heats by passing air flow from outside the cylinder
The area is dried by contact with the heated air stream and the reversing stream.
After passing through the carbonized raw material and carbonizing,
Is also a continuous carbonization method is characterized that you cooling-extinguishing Eject the cylindrical outside at the largest diameter end of the cylindrical body.

[0007] In the present invention thus constructed, as reinforcement for the refractory concrete layer provided on the inside of the cylindrical body, Y-shaped welded at one end to the metallic cylindrical body constituting the mantle of the cylindrical body shape pins and said concrete by using <br/> a substantially U-shaped pin formulated in the durability of the refractory concrete layer can be further enhanced. Furthermore, the charcoal taken out of the cylinder
It is preferable to cool and extinguish the compound with steam.

[0008]

According to the present invention, by rotating the substantially tapered cylindrical body, the carbonization raw material supplied to the cylindrical body can be transferred without using the metallic screw conveyor, and the carbonization apparatus can be simple and simple. The structure can be easily managed. Further, the carbonized raw material supplied into the cylinder rises along with the wall surface of the cylinder to a predetermined height while burning in the cylinder and drops, so that the carbide is transferred while being crushed to a predetermined size. Therefore, the carbide taken out from the carbonization device can be made to have a substantially predetermined size even if there are variations in the size of the carbonization raw material supplied. Further, since the air is forcibly blown by the blower in the counter-current direction to the transfer direction of the carbonization raw material, the carbonization raw material supplied into the cylinder can be dried and carbonized in a complete combustion atmosphere. Drying work for drying can be eliminated. Moreover, the combustible gas components generated from the carbonization raw material can be reduced as much as possible in the smoke exhausted from the carbonization device, and the installation of smoke exhaust treatment equipment can be eliminated.

[0009]

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a continuous carbonization apparatus 10 which is an embodiment of the present invention.
The front view of is shown. In the figure, a tapered cylindrical body 12 rotatably supported by rollers 26 provided on a fixed frame 24 fixed to the ground is a chain that rotates while meshing with a gear portion 22 provided at an intermediate portion. (Not shown)
To rotate by. This chain is driven by a gear motor (not shown) that is inverter-controlled, and the rotation speed of the cylinder 12 can be freely changed. A raw material supply unit 15 that continuously supplies a carbonized raw material such as wood chips into the tubular body 12 is attached to an end portion of the tubular body 12 that has the smallest inner diameter. A screw conveyor is inserted into the raw material supply unit 15, and the carbonized raw material that is transported by the supply conveyor (not shown) and stored in the hopper 14 is supplied into the cylindrical body 12. The screw conveyor is controlled by the inverter control, and the supply amount supplied to the cylindrical body 12 can be easily changed. Furthermore, an upper limit sensor and a lower limit sensor are mounted in the hopper 14, and when the upper limit sensor operates,
When the supply conveyor for supplying the carbonization material is stopped and the lower limit sensor is activated, the supply conveyor is driven to supply the carbonization material to the hopper 14.

A fixed portion 16 to which the cylindrical body 12 is rotatably connected is provided at the maximum diameter end portion where the inner diameter of the cylindrical body is maximum. A chimney 18 that discharges exhaust gas, a blower 17 that forcibly blows air in the direction of the smallest diameter end of the tubular body 12, and a combustion product that reaches the fixing portion 14 are taken out to the fixing portion 16 for cooling and extinguishing. A section 28 is provided. The take-out section 28 is provided with a product conveyor 20, and the cooled and extinguished carbide is conveyed by the product conveyor 20 and taken out from the take-out port 21. As shown in FIG. 2, the take-out section 28 is provided with a steam inlet for injecting the steam S. This is for cooling and extinguishing the combustion product taken out from the fixed portion 16 in a bonfire state with the steam S. In the present embodiment, the combustion gas to be discharged is discharged from the middle of the chimney 18 to the first cooler 30 and the second cooler 3.
The wood vinegar accumulated in the bottom portion of the second cooler 32 is collected from the tube 36 by guiding it to 2. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, in order to remove the dust discharged together with the combustion gas, the dust is removed by the cyclone 34 provided in the middle of the chimney 18.

As shown in FIG. 3, the cylindrical body 12 used in this embodiment is a tapered cylindrical body having a maximum diameter end opened and a carbonization raw material supply port 15a opened at the minimum diameter end. . The cylindrical body 12 is manufactured by being divided into an A portion, a B portion, a C portion, and a D portion, and the divided portions are fastened together by bolts and nuts to be integrated. At this time, each part is fastened so that a gap of about 5 mm is formed at the fastening part. This is because the thermal expansion of the cylindrical body 12 is absorbed. Since the wall surface of this cylindrical body 12 is inclined about 1/70 to 1/150, by rotating the cylindrical body 12, the carbonization raw material supplied from the carbonization raw material supply port 15a has the maximum diameter end portion direction (Fig. 3 in the direction of arrow M). Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the wall surface of the tubular body 12 has a metal (stainless steel) tubular body forming the outer jacket 12a of the tubular body 12, and the fireproof concrete layer 12b of 60 to 150 m.
It is laminated to a thickness of m. As described above, by using the fireproof concrete, the damaged portion can be partially repaired, and the maintenance of the cylindrical body 12 is extremely easy as compared with the case where the fireproof brick is used. In the refractory concrete layer 12b, a Y-shaped pin 12c having one end welded to the mantle portion 12a, which is a metal tubular body, and a length of 40 to 40
A U-shaped pin 12d made of aluminum and having a thickness of 70 mm is provided to prevent peeling or cracking of the fireproof concrete layer 12b from the outer jacket 12a. The installation density of the Y-shaped pins 12c is preferably 6 pieces / m ² or more in order to prevent the fire-resistant concrete layer 12b and the outer jacket 12a from being separated from each other.

As the carbonizing raw material to be carbonized by using the carbonizing apparatus 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, wood chips generated from a sawmill,
Unnecessary wood materials such as thinned wood generated for bark, sawdust, forest management, etc. may be used, or bamboo may be used. It is preferable that the carbonization raw material is chipped to a size of about 5 to 50 mm from the viewpoint of handling the carbonization raw material. When carbonizing such a carbonization raw material, the carbonization raw material supplied from the minimum diameter end portion of the tubular body 12 moves toward the maximum diameter end portion of the tubular body 12,
The blower 17 provided in the fixed portion 16 makes countercurrent contact with the airflow forcibly blown in the direction of the smallest diameter end of the cylindrical body 12 to burn. At this time, the airflow forcibly blown by the blower 17 comes into contact with the carbonized raw material moving in the direction of the arrow M in a countercurrent manner as shown by an arrow G in FIG. It reverses and returns to the direction of the maximum diameter end of the cylindrical body 12 again. By the way, the combustion region where the carbonized raw material supplied into the tubular body 12 burns is usually near the center of the tubular body 12, although it varies depending on the degree of drying of the carbonized raw material. For this reason, the heated air flow that has passed through the combustion region and is heated contacts the carbonization raw material immediately after being supplied to the tubular body 12 to dry the carbonization raw material, and thus the carbonization raw material before supplying to the carbonization device is reserved. Drying can be substantially omitted.

Further, the air flow that has been countercurrently contacted with the carbonization raw material and then reversed includes a combustible gas generated from the carbonization raw material, and when the air flow passes through the combustible region again,
The combustible gas is completely combusted by the air flow forcibly blown by the blower 17. Therefore, the combustion gas that does not substantially include the combustible gas can be discharged from the chimney 18. The combustion gas discharged from the chimney 18 has its dust captured by the cyclone 34, passes through the first cooler 30 and the second cooler 32, is cooled, and the wood vinegar component is recovered and then discharged into the atmosphere. .

On the other hand, the carbonized raw material, which has been brought into countercurrent contact with the heated air stream and dried, is moved in the direction of the maximum diameter end by the rotation of the cylindrical body 12 while burning in the combustion region. At this time, the combustion product ascends along with the inner wall surface of the cylindrical body 12 to a predetermined height and drops, so that the combustion product is crushed and thinned and transferred.
However, when the combustion product becomes a certain size, the thinning stops. Therefore, the carbide extracted from the carbonization device 10 can be obtained in a substantially predetermined size even if the supplied carbonization raw material varies. The fixed portion 16
Since the combustion product that has reached the point and is taken out from the outlet 21 is in the igniting state, the carbide obtained by being cooled and extinguished by the steam S is conveyed by the product conveyor 20 and taken out from the outlet 21.

Using the carbonization apparatus of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, carbonization was performed using larch, cedar, and ogre powder as carbonization raw materials, and various analyzes of the obtained carbides were carried out. . The results are shown in the table below. Further, the carbide obtained by performing the carbonization by the conventional filling type (batch type) was analyzed, and the results are also shown in each table. The upper part of each table is the value of the carbide obtained by using the carbonization apparatus of this example, and the lower part is the value of the carbide obtained by performing the carbonization by the filling method.
First, Table 1 shows industrial analysis values of the obtained carbide.

[0016]

[Table 1]

As is clear from Table 1, the carbides obtained in this example have less volatile content than the carbides obtained by the filling method. Such a carbide having a low volatile content is suitable as a raw material for activated carbon because it facilitates the treatment in the activation step in the activated carbon manufacturing process. Next, the physical property analysis values of the obtained carbide are shown in Table 2 and the composition analysis values are shown in Table 3.

[0018]

[Table 2]

[0019]

[Table 3]

As shown in Tables 2 and 3, the carbides of this example show equivalent to good values as compared with the values of the carbides obtained by the filling formula, so that the carbides obtained by the filling formula are obtained. Like the carbide, it can be used as, for example, an agricultural soil improving material, a greening material, a snow melting material, a building floor underlay material, and a filtering material. Further, it can be used for activated carbon by taking advantage of its low volatile content. Table 4 below shows the analysis values of the activated carbon obtained by activating the carbides of this example shown in Tables 1 to 3 by the gas activation method (activation condition: 900 ° C., 1 hour).

[0021]

[Table 4]

The iodine adsorption performance and methylene blue decolorizing power of the activated carbon obtained by using the larch material shown in Table 4 as a carbonization raw material are 1.2 to 1.5 with respect to the iodine adsorption performance and the methylene blue decoloring power of the palm shell activated carbon. It was a good activated carbon showing a doubled value.

The cylindrical body 12 used in the carbonizing apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 described above has a taper whose inner diameter is continuously reduced from one end of the cylindrical body 12 to the other end thereof. However, when the cylindrical body 12 having the maximum diameter of 1500 mm or more is formed, the flow velocity of the air flow in the cylindrical body 12 becomes slow and the cylindrical body 12
The flammable gas may accumulate near the end of the maximum diameter and cause an explosive combustion. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 5, the inner diameter of the tubular body 12 is continuously reduced, and the inner diameter of the tubular body 12 is rapidly reduced at a plurality of points, so that the flow velocity of the air flow in the tubular body 12 is increased. Is preferably equal to or higher than a predetermined flow rate.
In addition, an ignition burner may be provided in the fixed portion 16 in order to ignite the carbonization raw material supplied into the tubular body 12 at the start of operation of the carbonization apparatus of the present embodiment. The ignition burner extinguishes when the tubular body 12 reaches a predetermined temperature. It is also possible to use the heat of the combustion gas passing through the chimney 18 to obtain hot water and use it for heating factories and homes, for cleaning, for greenhouse cultivation, and the like.

[0024]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, it is possible to effectively utilize unnecessary wood materials such as wood chips, bark, ogre powder, and thinned wood generated for forest management that have not been used conventionally. The forest resources can be reused.
Further, the carbonization device of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to control, so that the operation and maintenance of the device are easy.
Moreover, since the carbonization raw material is carbonized in a complete combustion atmosphere,
It is not necessary to install a flue gas treatment device, and the equipment cost can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial front view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial side view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a cross section of a cylindrical body 12 in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating a wall surface structure of a cylindrical body 12.

FIG. 5 is a front view of a cylindrical body 12 used in another embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Carbonization device 12 Cylindrical body 12a Outer part 15 Raw material supply part 16 Fixed part 17 Blower 18 Chimney 22 Gear part 28 Extraction part

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. An inner diameter from one end to the other end
The tapered inner surface that gradually reduces the diameter is formed into a smooth surface.
A cylinder with a fire-resistant concrete layer in the innermost layer and the maximum diameter end that maximizes the inside diameter of the cylinder are rotatable.
A fixed part that is connected and has a chimney, and a raw part that is provided at the minimum diameter end that minimizes the inner diameter of the tubular body.
Raw material that continuously supplies carbonized raw materials such as wood chips to the material supply section
A supply device and a carbonization source provided outside the cylinder and supplied into the cylinder.
A rotating device that rotates the tubular body so that the material moves in the direction of the maximum radial end of the tubular body;
Reversal in which the air flow blown in the direction is reversed at the minimum diameter end
To discharge the flow from the chimney provided in the fixed part,
A blower that forcibly blows the air outside the cylinder in the direction of the smallest diameter end of the cylinder, and burns combustible gas from the carbonization raw material contained in the reverse flow.
And heat the air flow from outside the cylinder that comes into contact with the carbonization raw material.
Carbonization so that the combustion region is near the center of the cylinder
Control means for adjusting the supply amount of the raw material and the rotational speed of the cylinder, and the charcoal dried in contact with the heated air flow and the reversal flow
The chemical raw material, the carbide obtained by passing through the combustion region,
Continuous carbonization apparatus characterized by comprising a take-out portion for output Shi cool-extinguishing taken up in cylindrical outside at the largest diameter end of the cylindrical body. 2. A Y-shaped pin, one end of which is welded to a metal tubular body forming an outer jacket of the tubular body, and a reinforcing material for a refractory concrete layer provided inside the tubular body. A substantially U-shaped pin is used.
The continuous carbonization device described. 3. A rotatably connected to the fixed portion chimney is mounted, and the one other end tapered inner surface whose inner diameter Ru is gradually reduced in diameter toward the from end formed on the smooth surface The cylinder with the innermost layer of fireproof concrete is
The minimum diameter end that rotates while controlling to the minimum inner diameter of the cylinder
Parts such as wood chips continuously supplied while adjusting the supply amount from the
The carbonized raw material is transferred in the direction of the maximum diameter end where the inside diameter of the cylinder is maximum, and the air outside the cylinder is moved from the maximum diameter end of the cylinder toward the minimum diameter end.
Install the forced air flow on the end of the maximum diameter part of the cylinder.
Inverted at the smallest diameter end to eject it from the scrapped chimney
To generate a reverse flow, and to combustible gas from the carbonization raw material contained in the reverse flow.
Combustion occurs near the center of the cylinder and the air flow from outside the cylinder passes through.
Invert the combustion area that is heated by
Carbonized by passing a dry carbonized raw material in contact with the stream
After the continuous carbonization method characterized that you cooling-extinguishing Shi out <br/> taken in a cylindrical outside at the maximum diameter end of the resulting carbide cylindrical body. 4. Cooling and erasing of carbide taken out of the cylinder
The continuous carbonization method according to claim 3 , wherein the fire is performed with steam .