JP2515196B2 - Throw-away blade and throw-away type rotary cutting tool - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a throwaway cutting tool and a throwaway type rotary cutting tool mainly used for forming a flat surface in machining wood or similar materials.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A rotary cutting tool for woodworking and similar machining that has an axially continuous cutting edge on its outer peripheral surface, and is mainly used for flat cutting, has a cutting edge line more than a cutting tool whose cutting edge line is parallel to the rotation axis line. It has been found that a blade having a spiral-like curve is more advantageous in terms of main cutting performance such as cutting noise, cutting resistance, cutting surface, and tool life. This is, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-1804. Further, in order to save the trouble of polishing each time the sharpness of the blade decreases, as a throwaway type replacement blade, for example, Japanese Utility Model No. 2-11130 and Japanese Utility Model No. 2-11.
There is No. 11131.

[0003]

However, Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-1
In No. 804, as shown in FIG. 27, a groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface in a predetermined depth in a spiral shape over the entire length of the block main body, and the blade presser foot also serving as a back seat is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, it is formed in a square bar shape having a twisted surface with the same predetermined lead angle as the groove. For this reason, there is a problem that manufacturing of the presser foot is troublesome and takes time. Further, in order to attach the thin flat plate blade shown in FIG. 29 to the plane, when inserting the plane blade into the gap between the blade body mounting surface and the blade body pressing surface of the presser foot, use the nipper type tool to move the plane blade. There is an operational problem that it must be forcibly twisted and inserted, and it cannot be easily replaced.

In addition, the actual fair 2-11130, the actual fair 2-
As shown in Fig. 30, the No. 11131 is a flat throwaway type cutting tool having rectangular cutting edges at the four corners, so the cutting edge line is a straight line and is attached to the plane in parallel with the axis line. It is not possible to install it in a curved shape, and the cutting noise,
There is a problem that cutting resistance, cutting surface finish, tool life, etc. are inferior. That is, there is no slow-away blade which has a cutting edge line with a spiral-like curve and can be attached without twisting the blade body, and the cutting ability is excellent and the replacement of the economical blade is not satisfied. . The present invention has been made in view of the above problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cutting edge line having a spiral-like curve which can be used in several places with a new cutting edge and has good cutting performance. However, it is an object of the present invention to provide a throwaway blade made of a twist-free blade and a throwaway type rotary cutting tool that can use this blade.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is directed to a replacement blade itself made of a flat plate material having a rectangular cross section without twisting, and a ridge line in the longitudinal direction is an outer periphery of a rotary cylinder.
For mounting a spare blade that has been cut in a twisted position with respect to the center line
A blade body that the replacement blade comes into contact with when mounted in a straight groove
An ellipse along the line of intersection between the groove wall surface to be attached and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum
Form a cutting edge line consisting of an arc-shaped curve or a spiral curve,
When the replacement blade is installed in the straight groove,
A groove having a substantially V-shaped or U-shaped cross-sectional shape that is smooth or continuous in a polygonal line is provided along the ridgeline from the plate surface side so that the rake angle is constant or substantially constant, and the blade is
Note When mounted in the straight groove, the tangential direction of the rotating circle
It is a blade formed with a slanted surface which is smooth in the longitudinal direction or continuous in a polygonal line so that the clearance angle against it is constant or substantially constant. A straight groove, which is a twisted position with respect to the central axis, is formed on the outer periphery of the rotary cylinder, and a blade presser is inserted into the groove, and the blade presser and the groove wall surface are provided. It is a rotary tool which is equipped with a throwaway blade and which fixes a blade presser plate by centrifugal force or bolts.

[0006]

[Operation] The blade mounting surface of the straight groove located in a twisted position with respect to the axis of the rotary cylinder, and the convex portion locates the throwaway replacement blade, and the blade is fixed by the wedge force of the blade pressing body to rotate. The cutting edge formed into an elliptical arc curve or a spiral curve that is firmly fixed by centrifugal force and twisted with respect to the rotation axis reduces noise and cutting resistance during wood cutting, and provides a highly accurate finished surface. A long tool life is obtained.

[0007]

EXAMPLE This example will be described below. 1 to 5, the plane body 1 inserted through and fixed to the rotary shaft of the woodworking machine has a twist angle θ with respect to the rotary shaft center at equal intervals on the circumference θ = 8 in this embodiment.
A plurality of straight grooves 2 of 90 ° are cut, and a throwaway type replaceable blade 3 is sandwiched between a pressing surface of a blade pressing member 4 which is pushed up by a spring 5 and a straight groove wall surface. The side plate 6 is positioned in the longitudinal direction.

The straight groove 2 has a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the axis as shown in FIG. 4 which is a sectional view taken along the line AA at the center in the longitudinal direction. The vertical central cross section is parallel to the vertical central cross section of 1 and the clearance angle of the clearance angle is 15 ° in this example with respect to a position where the clearance angle of the clearance surface is a predetermined angle, that is, the clearance angle with respect to the outer peripheral tangent of the plane. The straight groove 2 has a twist angle θ = 8 ° with respect to the plane axis, with reference to a position displaced by 15 ° from the center angle. For this reason, in the cross section taken along the line BB of the right end of the straight groove 2 in FIG. 5, the chip storage portion 10 becomes wide, and in FIG. 6 taken along the line C-C of the left end, the chip storage portion 10 becomes narrow. Since the straight groove 2 is cut at an angle of 8 ° with respect to the cylinder, the line of intersection between the blade mounting surface 21 and the outer periphery of the plane is a part of an arc deviated from the minor axis of the ellipse, and the longitudinal center is On the other hand, the left and right elliptic arc curves are asymmetric. The twist angle θ changes slightly at both ends. Note that if the twist angle θ is constant at both ends, it becomes a part of the spiral curve. In FIG. 4, the straight groove 2 has a sectional shape of a blade mounting surface 21 parallel to the plane of the plane of the plane, a presser plate receiving surface 22 with steps, and a blade positioning projection 23 at the center of the width of the blade mounting surface 21 in the longitudinal direction. A wall surface formed by a straight line, a sloped surface 24 narrowing on the outer peripheral side on the opposing wall surface, and a jaw portion 25 formed on the bottom surface following the sloped surface 24.

The replaceable blade 3 is of the throwaway type in FIGS. 7 to 10, and is usually made of a high speed tool steel or a cemented carbide, which is a thin flat plate material having no twist in a rectangular parallelepiped cross section. As can be understood from FIGS. 2 and 3, the line of intersection between the blade mounting surface 21 of the straight groove 2 and the outer periphery of the plane body 1 is a part of an ellipse, so the ridgeline 31 in the longitudinal direction of the blade 30 is this intersection. are those formed in curve approximation to Re elliptical arc curve or its along line. Throw away blade body 3 to be used upside down
In the case of 0, the width of the central part swells from the left and right, and it becomes a double-edged blade as shown in FIG. Since the cutting edges are formed at the four corners of the rectangular cross section, it can be used four times.

The flank 32 with respect to the ridgeline 31 serving as the cutting edge of the spare blade 3 follows the NC side along the outer periphery of the plane body 1 so that the clearance angle is a constant clearance angle or a clearance angle close to a constant angle. It is formed by grinding a slanted surface that is smooth or linear. That is, in FIGS. 5 and 9, the flank 32 is a rightwardly downward slope, and in FIGS. 6 and 10, the flank 32 is a leftwardly downward slope. When using the replaceable blade 3 as a blade that can be used four times, center D-D
As shown in Fig. 8, the cross section fits in a rectangle, while E-
As shown in FIG. 9, the section E has a right-angled parallelogram, and the section FF has a left-angled parallelogram as shown in FIG.

Along the ridgeline 31 in the longitudinal direction of the blade 30, the V-shaped or U-shaped cross-section is smooth so that the rake angle is constant or nearly constant from the plate surface 33 side which is the mounting side. Alternatively, the groove 34 is formed so as to be continuous in a polygonal line.
In the case of the one that has been cut and used four times, a total of four lines are cut in each corner and cutting edges are formed on the ridge. The blade angle is determined according to the purpose, and the depth of the groove 34 is formed to a depth necessary to act as a chip breaker for controlling the tip crack and the chip flow during cutting to prevent reverse spillage and the like. . A linear concave groove 35 that engages with the convex portion 23 that serves as a blade fixing reference is formed in the center of both widths of the blade 3 on the plate surface side. Further flank 3 of spare blade 3
2 central D-D one surface shape and the front edge and the rear edge flank is shared 8 sectional view 11, 12 was divided cutting edge part segmented, of the 13 that was divided in the middle Either
Ridge line 31 is elliptic arc curve, spiral curve
It is formed into a line or a curve similar to it, and the blade is left
The clearance angle is kept constant even when the right angle is reversed.

Since the blade presser plate 4 is of a centrifugal action type and is always biased in the protruding direction by a plurality of springs 5 interposed between the blade presser plate 4 and the bottom surface, the blade presser face 41 and the presser plate receiving face 22 are provided.
The inclined surface 43 that abuts the inclined surface 24 with respect to the abutting surface 42 of
And form a wedge angle. A protrusion 45 is formed by a concave portion following the inclined surface 43 on the upper surface, and is tilted by the force of the spring 5 to engage and hold the jaw 25 when releasing the fixing of the blade body.

In order to mount the throwaway type spare blade 3 on the plane body 1, one side of the side plate 6 is removed and the straight groove is compressed while compressing the springs 5 held in a plurality of holes in the bottom and back longitudinal direction of the blade pressing plate 4. Insert the protrusion 45 from the one end in a state where the protrusion 45 is caught on the jaw 25 and insert it until it hits the side plate 6 at the other end. Attach the removed side plate 6 to the original position. In this state, the blade presser foot 4 is held without protruding, and the gap between the blade presser foot 4 and the blade attachment surface 21 is opened as shown in FIG.

The spare blade 3 is inserted in the radial direction of the plane body 1, and the concave groove 35 of the spare blade 3 is engaged and positioned with the convex portion 23 of the blade mounting surface 21. Then, the blade presser 4 is pushed from the outside and the protrusion 45 is disengaged. The inclined surface 43 of the blade presser 4 comes into contact with the sloped surface 24 of the straight groove 2 by the force of the spring 5, and the blade presser 4 is replaced. The blade 3 is clamped by the wedge action. In this way, the spare blade 3 is attached to the plurality of straight grooves 2. Due to the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the plane, the wedge action of the blade pressing member 4 becomes strong and the blade is firmly held. When the sharpness of the cutting edge deteriorates due to continuous cutting of wood and it reaches the limit of use, loosen the blade presser bar 4 and engage the protrusion 45 to take out the replacement blade 3 and invert the front and back or left and right It will be possible.

A spare blade 7 showing another embodiment of the spare blade is shown in FIGS.
In FIG. 18, it corresponds to the shape divided in the width center of FIG. 7 so that it can be used twice by reversing the left and right. In this case, the concave portion 71 serving as the blade body fixing reference does not necessarily have to be a straight line shape, and may be an elliptical arc shape in the plane length direction. Naturally, the convex portion 23 of the blade attachment surface 21 also has an elliptic arc shape. Further, the width of the blade body is also formed to have a uniform width without a bulge in the central portion, thereby saving the material.

In FIGS. 19 to 24 showing other embodiments of the blade and the blade pressing member, the blade 8 is shown in a form that can be used twice by rotating 180 degrees in the plane including the blade. 7
It corresponds to the shape divided at the center in the thickness direction of. The blade pressing member 9 is not a centrifugal force fixing type but a known method of fixing with a bolt. Since the spare blade 8 is used twice by forming a cutting edge on the same plate surface side and inverting it,
It may be formed at a predetermined clearance angle in the central portion in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, the straight groove 2 to be cut on the outer periphery of the plane body 1
In 01, the line connecting both cutting edges can be positioned on the diameter as shown in FIG. 19, and the twist angle is 8 ° with reference to the longitudinal center.
A straight groove 201 is formed in the. Therefore, the line of intersection between the blade mounting surface 202 of the straight groove 201 and the outer periphery of the plane is an elliptic arc curve centered on the minor axis position of the ellipse. The straight groove 201 is formed by forming a mounting surface 202 parallel to the diameter line and a wall surface of a straight blade body positioning convex portion 203 provided at the center of the mounting surface, and a step portion 204 inclined to the mounting surface at an opposing position. .

The spare blade 8 is a convex portion 203 of the straight groove 201.
A straight concave groove 801 that engages with is formed in the center of the back side width of the blade, and the concave groove 801 is engaged with the convex portion 203 to attach the mounting surface 20.
2 is flanked by the flank 804 or NC.
With a constant clearance angle in this example, it is formed so as to be smoothly or longitudinally continuous to the inclined surface of 15 ° in the longitudinal direction. Then, along the ridge line 803 on the plate surface side, a predetermined rake angle is formed by a groove having a substantially V-shaped or U-shaped cross section that is continuous smoothly or in a polygonal line shape. Therefore, the blade shapes at the KK line position, the LL line position, and the MM line position are different as shown in FIGS. This blade edge line is formed on the same upper and lower plate surface sides, and the replacement blade has a double narrow shape. The blade pressing plate 9 has a blade pressing surface 90.
1. A jaw 90 that engages with the step portion 204 of the straight groove 201
Replacement blade fixed to the plane 1 by a bolt inserted into a bolt hole in a direction perpendicular to the jaw 902 with a straight rod having 2 and positioned by the convex portion 203 between the mounting surface 202 and the blade pressing surface 901. 8 is attached.

FIG. 25 in which the replacement blade shown in FIG. 15 in which the bottom surface of the replacement blade 7 is a straight plane is applied to a straight end mill.
In FIG. 26, it is basically the same as a plane using a blade that can be replaced four times, and a plurality of straight grooves 52 having a predetermined twist angle are equally cut on the outer periphery of the end mill body 51. ing. This straight groove 52 is a plate surface 75 of the spare blade 7.
Of which the mounting reference surface 53 is not parallel to the central cross section of the end mill main body 51, and the bottom surface 76 of the spare blade 7 opposite to the cutting edge
The mounting reference surface 54 is formed in a V shape at a right angle. The blade edge of the spare blade 7 attached at the longitudinal center position of the spare blade 7 has a central angle that is the clearance angle of the blade. The spare blade 7 has a two-sided shape that is reversed right and left, and the formation of the cutting blade is the same as that of the spare blade shown in FIG. 7, but a bottom blade 77 known as an end mill is formed on both end surfaces. . Then, it is fixed to the mounting reference surface 53 by bolting.

[0019]

[Effects of the Invention] Since the present invention is configured as described above, the present invention has the following effects. Since it is a flat plate-shaped spare blade without twisting, it can be easily replaced and installed.By installing it as a plane or end mill, the cutting edge line becomes a spiral-like curve, improving sharpness, cutting surface finish, tool life, and cutting. Resistance cutting noise is reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a plane.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the same.

FIG. 3 is a right end view excluding a side plate.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2;

5 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.

6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of a four-use type spare blade.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line DD of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along the line EE.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along the line FF.

11 is a view showing a common shape of a flank in a cross section taken along the line DD of FIG.

FIG. 12 is a view showing a flank split type in the same manner.

FIG. 13 is a view showing a flank surface center division type in the same manner.

FIG. 14 is a view showing a state when a spare blade is attached.

FIG. 15 is a plan view of a double-use replacement blade.

16 is a sectional view taken along line GG of FIG.

FIG. 17 is likewise a sectional view taken along line HH.

FIG. 18 is a sectional view taken along line JJ of the same.

FIG. 19 is a front view of a plane using a double-use spare blade.

FIG. 20 is a side view of the same.

FIG. 21 is a right end view of the same.

22 is a sectional view taken along line KK of FIG.

23 is a sectional view taken along line LL in FIG.

24 is a sectional view taken along line MM of FIG.

FIG. 25 is a front view of a straight end mill for woodworking.

FIG. 26 is a partial end view of a straight end mill for woodworking.

FIG. 27 is a view of a plane using a conventional twisting blade.

28 is a view of a blade presser foot used for the plane body of FIG. 27. FIG.

FIG. 29 is a view of a conventional throwaway blade.

FIG. 30 is a view of a conventional throwaway spare blade.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 plane member 2 straight groove 3,7,8 spare blade 4,9 blade retainer 6 side plate 21,20
2 Blade body mounting surface 23,203 Convex part 24 Gradient surface 25 Jaw 35,80
1 concave groove 31,803 Ridge line 32,80
4 Flank surface 33 Plate surface 45 Protrusion

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. The replacement blade itself is made of a flat plate-shaped cutting material having a rectangular cross section without twisting, and the ridgeline in the longitudinal direction is the outer circumference of the rotary drum.
For mounting a spare blade that has been cut in a twisted position with respect to the center line
A blade body that the replacement blade comes into contact with when mounted in a straight groove
An ellipse along the line of intersection between the groove wall surface to be attached and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum
Form a cutting edge line consisting of an arc-shaped curve or a spiral curve,
When the replacement blade is installed in the straight groove,
A groove having a substantially V-shaped or U-shaped cross-sectional shape that is smooth or continuous in a polygonal line is provided along the ridgeline from the plate surface side so that the rake angle is constant or substantially constant, and the blade is
Note When mounted in the straight groove, the tangential direction of the rotating circle
A throwaway blade having a slanted surface that is smoothly or longitudinally continuous in the longitudinal direction so that the clearance angle against it is constant or substantially constant. 2. A straight groove which is twisted with respect to the center axis is formed on the outer circumference of the rotary cylinder, and a blade presser is inserted into the groove, and the blade presser is inserted between the blade presser and the groove wall surface. A throwaway type rotary cutting tool, which is equipped with the throwaway blade according to claim 1 and which is fixed by a centrifugal force or a bolt through a blade presser.