JP2024075167A - Brushless motor - Google Patents
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 171
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、回転子に対してワイヤレス励磁を行うブラシレスモータに関する。 The present invention relates to a brushless motor that provides wireless excitation to the rotor.
電動機にはいくつもの種類があるが、端子に与えられる電圧の電力形態（直流か交流か）および電源周波数と回転速度が一定の関係をもつか（同期であるか）などにより、概ね直流機、交流機に分類される。直流機には、自励式他励式の別が有り、交流機には誘導機、同期機などの別がある。 There are many types of electric motors, but they are generally classified as DC or AC machines depending on the form of power voltage applied to the terminals (DC or AC) and whether there is a fixed relationship between the power supply frequency and the rotation speed (synchronous). DC machines are divided into self-excited and separately excited types, while AC machines are divided into induction machines and synchronous machines.
このうち、整流子（ブラシ）を持ち、回転子の磁石と固定子の磁石の吸引力を用いる例えば直流機等の電動機は、大きいトルクを発揮するが、ブラシの損傷が生じるという欠点がある（以下、このような電動機を「磁力線磁力モータ」と称する。）。一方、固定子側に発生する磁界と、この磁界により回転子の導体に生じる誘導電流との相互作用によって回転する電動機、例えば特許文献１に示す誘導機（かご形誘導電機）は、ブラシの損傷が無い反面、「磁力線磁力モータ」に対して比較的にトルクが少ないことである（以下、このような電動機を「誘導磁力モータ」と称する。）。 Among these, electric motors such as DC motors that have a commutator (brushes) and use the attractive force between the rotor magnet and the stator magnet generate large torque, but have the disadvantage that the brushes can be damaged (hereinafter, such motors will be referred to as "magnetic field motors"). On the other hand, electric motors that rotate due to the interaction between the magnetic field generated on the stator side and the induced current generated in the rotor conductor by this magnetic field, such as the induction machine (squirrel-cage induction motor) shown in Patent Document 1, do not cause damage to the brushes, but have relatively low torque compared to "magnetic field motors" (hereinafter, such motors will be referred to as "induced magnetic field motors").
ブラシレス電動機は、強力な永久磁石を利用することにより、トルクの問題を解決できる。このようなものとして、永久磁石同期機、ステッピングモーター等がある。一方で、このような電動機は、固定子側の誘導磁力が、永久磁石に進入することにより発熱し、熱による永久磁石の磁力低下の問題を有している。 Brushless motors can solve the torque problem by using powerful permanent magnets. Examples of such motors include permanent magnet synchronous machines and stepping motors. However, such motors have the problem that the induced magnetic force on the stator side enters the permanent magnet, generating heat, causing a decrease in the magnetic force of the permanent magnet due to heat.
永久磁石を使用せずに、回転子の電磁石に電力をワイヤレスで供給するブラシレス励磁の「磁力線磁力モータ」が、例えば特許文献２に開示されている。特許文献２の電動機は、発電機であるが、回転子の磁石と固定子の磁石の吸引力を用いる電動機であり、一種の「磁力線磁力モータ」である。この技術によれば、固定側には、励磁機固定子巻線とは別に交流電力が供給される固定側巻線が設けられ、一方回転子側には、励磁機回転子巻線とは別に固定側巻線と回転側巻線が設けられ、固定側巻線と回転側巻線との間で無接触給電トランスが形成される。この無接触給電トランスにより、回転子側に給電された交流電力は、回転子の中で直流電力に整流されて回転子巻線に供給される。 A brushless excitation "magnetic field line magnetic motor" that wirelessly supplies power to the rotor electromagnet without using permanent magnets is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 2. The motor in Patent Document 2 is a generator, but it is a motor that uses the attractive force between the rotor magnet and the stator magnet, and is a kind of "magnetic field line magnetic motor." According to this technology, a fixed side winding that is supplied with AC power separately from the exciter stator winding is provided on the fixed side, while a fixed side winding and a rotating side winding are provided on the rotor side separately from the exciter rotor winding, and a contactless power supply transformer is formed between the fixed side winding and the rotating side winding. The AC power supplied to the rotor side by this contactless power supply transformer is rectified to DC power in the rotor and supplied to the rotor winding.
特許文献２の技術によれば、無接触給電トランスは、励磁機固定子巻線と励磁機回転子巻線とは別に、無接触給電トランスを設けなければならず、かつ、受電した交流電力をさらに直流に変換するため、電動機の大型化、複雑化は避けられない。 According to the technology of Patent Document 2, a contactless power supply transformer must be provided in addition to the exciter stator winding and exciter rotor winding, and the received AC power must be further converted to DC, which inevitably makes the motor larger and more complicated.
本発明者は、このような大型化、複雑化をすることなく、ブラシレスを前提とした、永久磁石を使用しない「磁力線磁力モータ」について研究をすすめた。具体的には、固定子巻線そのものの誘導磁力を、回転子巻線の励磁電力として利用し、回転子巻線と固定子巻線とが発生する磁力の吸引力を用いて回転するモータが実現できないかを探ることにしたのである。これが実現できれば、発熱による永久磁石の磁力低下、ブラシの摩耗等が解消でき、かつ「磁力線磁力モータ」であるので「誘導磁力モータ」よりもトルクが期待できる。 The inventors have been researching a "magnetic field line magnetic motor" that does not use permanent magnets and is based on the premise of being brushless, without making the motor larger and more complicated. Specifically, they decided to explore whether it would be possible to create a motor that uses the induced magnetic force of the stator winding itself as the excitation power for the rotor winding, and rotates using the magnetic attraction force generated by the rotor winding and stator winding. If this could be realized, it would be possible to eliminate the loss of magnetic force in permanent magnets due to heat generation, wear on the brushes, etc., and because it is a "magnetic field line magnetic motor," it is expected to have more torque than an "induced magnetic motor."
そこで、本発明は、ブラシレスを前提とした、永久磁石を使用しない「磁力線磁力モータ」を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention aims to provide a brushless "magnetic motor" that does not use permanent magnets.
本発明のブラシレスモータは、３相交流電源により回転するブラシレスモータであって、
回転軸方向に導体が平行になるように、かつ第１の等角度間隔毎に巻く方向を反転させて円筒鉄心に一周巻かれた巻線を有する回転子と、
前記回転軸方向に導体が平行になるように、巻く方向を一定として円筒鉄心に、第２の等角度間隔の位置に、交流電源の各相が順に接続される固定子巻線が巻かれ、前記回転子と同心状の固定子とを具備し、
前記第２の等角度で一周が分割されて得られる固定子分割数ｍは相数３のｐ倍（ｐは自然数）であり、前記第１の等角度で一周が分割されて得られる磁極数ｎは、ｐで除したときに４のｑ倍（ｑは自然数）であることを特徴とする。
The brushless motor of the present invention is a brushless motor that is rotated by a three-phase AC power source,
a rotor having a winding wound around a cylindrical core in such a manner that the conductor is parallel to the direction of rotation and the winding direction is reversed at first equal angular intervals;
a stator concentric with the rotor, the stator winding being wound around a cylindrical core with a constant winding direction so that the conductors are parallel to the direction of the rotation axis, the stator winding being wound at positions spaced at second equal angular intervals in sequence to each phase of an AC power source;
The number of stator divisions m obtained by dividing one revolution at the second equal angle is p times the number of phases, 3 (p is a natural number), and the number of magnetic poles n obtained by dividing one revolution at the first equal angle is q times 4 (q is a natural number) when divided by p.
本発明のブラシレスモータによれば、固定子巻線と回転子巻線相互間で受給電をすることができ、固定子巻線と回転子巻線が発生する磁力を始動回転力にした「磁力線磁力モータ」を実現する事ができる。回転子への給電のための手段を固定子巻線と回転子巻線とは別に装備する必要がないだけでなく、回転子への電力供給は非接触で有り、かつ回転子に誘導される電流は特段の整流回路を設けることなく整流されている。回転子は円筒鉄心にて中心部に空洞化することができ、誘導磁力による発熱が無い。さらに、回転子巻線からの発熱を中心部に空洞に拡散することで、冷却を最大化することができる。 The brushless motor of the present invention allows power to be exchanged between the stator winding and rotor winding, realizing a "magnetic field motor" in which the magnetic force generated by the stator winding and rotor winding serves as the starting torque. Not only is there no need to provide a means for powering the rotor separate from the stator winding and rotor winding, but power is supplied to the rotor without contact, and the current induced in the rotor is rectified without the need for a special rectifier circuit. The rotor can be hollowed out in the center by using a cylindrical iron core, so there is no heat generation due to induced magnetic force. Furthermore, by diffusing the heat generated from the rotor winding into the cavity in the center, cooling can be maximized.
［実施例１］
図１に、本発明の実施例として、固定子１０が１２極、回転子２０が８極のブラシレスモータ１を示す。ブラシレスモータ１は、３相交流電源による運転される。図１Ａは斜視図であり、図１Ｂは３相交流電源６０Ｈｚにて試作したブラシレスモータ１が動作している様子を示す図である。図中、３は軸受け支持部材、４は基台である。回転子２０を固定子１０の内側に同心状に配置して、ブラシレスモータ１は形成される。ブラシレスモータ１はインナーロータのモータであり、回転子２０の中心に設けられた回転軸２４が軸受け支持部材３で支持される（下側の軸受けは図示されていない）。固定子１０及び回転子２０の間に挟まれた固定子巻線１２ｕ１、１２ｕ２、１２ｖ１、１２ｖ２、１２ｗ１、１２ｗ２（尚：これらを区別しないときには、引用符号を１２とする。）、回転子巻線２２ｒ１、２２ｒ２、２２ｒ３、２２ｒ４、２２ｒ５、２２ｒ６、２２ｒ７、２２ｒ８（これらを区別しないときには、代表して引用符号を２２とする。）の導体は、回転軸２４の方向に互いに平行になるように巻かれている。よって、固定子巻線１２の導体により誘導された磁界が、回転子巻線２２の導体に影響する。尚、図１Ａにおいては、固定子巻線１２と回転子巻線２２の巻き方が理解容易なように夫々数ターンだけ巻いた状態で示しているが、図１Ｂの試作したブラシレスモータ１に明らかな様に、固定子巻線１２と回転子巻線２２の巻き数は、図１Ａのものと比較してはるかに多い。
[Example 1]
Fig. 1 shows a brushless motor 1 having a stator 10 with 12 poles and a rotor 20 with 8 poles as an embodiment of the present invention. The brushless motor 1 is operated by a three-phase AC power supply. Fig. 1A is a perspective view, and Fig. 1B is a diagram showing the operation of a prototype brushless motor 1 on a three-phase 60 Hz AC power supply. In the figures, 3 is a bearing support member, and 4 is a base. The brushless motor 1 is formed by arranging the rotor 20 concentrically inside the stator 10. The brushless motor 1 is an inner rotor motor, and a rotating shaft 24 provided at the center of the rotor 20 is supported by a bearing support member 3 (the lower bearing is not shown). The conductors of the stator windings 12u1, 12u2, 12v1, 12v2, 12w1, and 12w2 (note: when they are not distinguished, the reference number is 12) and the rotor windings 22r1, 22r2, 22r3, 22r4, 22r5, 22r6, 22r7, and 22r8 (when they are not distinguished, the reference number is 22) sandwiched between the stator 10 and the rotor 20 are wound so as to be parallel to each other in the direction of the rotating shaft 24. Therefore, the magnetic field induced by the conductors of the stator winding 12 affects the conductors of the rotor winding 22. Note that in FIG. 1A, the stator winding 12 and the rotor winding 22 are shown in a state in which they are wound with only a few turns each to make it easy to understand how they are wound, but as is clear from the prototype brushless motor 1 in FIG. 1B, the number of turns of the stator winding 12 and the rotor winding 22 is much greater than that in FIG. 1A.
図２はブラシレスモータ１の固定子１０、回転子２０の分解図であり、図２Ａは回転子２０の分解図、図２Ｂは回転子２０の巻線２２の状態を説明する図であり、図２Ｃは固定子１０の分解図、図２Ｄは固定子１０の巻線１２の状態を説明する図、図２Ｅは回路図である。 Figure 2 is an exploded view of the stator 10 and rotor 20 of the brushless motor 1, Figure 2A is an exploded view of the rotor 20, Figure 2B is a diagram explaining the state of the windings 22 of the rotor 20, Figure 2C is an exploded view of the stator 10, Figure 2D is a diagram explaining the state of the windings 12 of the stator 10, and Figure 2E is a circuit diagram.
図２Ａにおいて、回転子２０は、磁性体を輪状にした円筒鉄心２１に、回転子巻線２２を周方向に巻き付けて形成される。磁性体としては、鉄板が良く、特に無方向性電磁鋼板が望ましい。円筒鉄心２１の上下には、非磁性体である（透明）樹脂製のハブ２３、２５が取り付けられており、ハブの中心に回転軸２４、２６が取り付けられている。 In FIG. 2A, the rotor 20 is formed by winding rotor windings 22 circumferentially around a cylindrical core 21 made of a ring-shaped magnetic material. The magnetic material is preferably iron plate, and non-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet is particularly preferable. Hubs 23, 25 made of non-magnetic (transparent) resin are attached to the top and bottom of the cylindrical core 21, and rotating shafts 24, 26 are attached to the center of the hubs.
図２Ｂにおいて、回転子巻線２２は、角度４５°の第１の等角度間隔に、正転巻き、反転巻きで順に施されており、順に回転子巻線２２ｒ１、２２ｒ２、２２ｒ３、２２ｒ４、２２ｒ５、２２ｒ６、２２ｒ８である。これらの回転子巻線２２ｒ１、２２ｒ２、２２ｒ３、２２ｒ４、２２ｒ５、２２ｒ６、２２ｒ８は、直列に接続されて全体で一周する閉ループになっている。回転子巻線２２の巻き方が反転する夫々の位置は、円筒鉄心１１が露出する若干のスペースが開けられている。回転子巻線２２を一周する電流が流れると、このスペースに磁極ｒ１－ｒ８が発現することになる。よって、円筒鉄心２１は、その周側面に第１の等角度間隔に合計８極の磁極を有している。 In FIG. 2B, the rotor winding 22 is wound in the forward direction and then in the reverse direction at a first equal angular interval of 45°, and the rotor windings are 22r1, 22r2, 22r3, 22r4, 22r5, 22r6, and 22r8. These rotor windings 22r1, 22r2, 22r3, 22r4, 22r5, 22r6, and 22r8 are connected in series to form a closed loop that goes around once as a whole. At each position where the winding of the rotor winding 22 is reversed, a small space is provided to expose the cylindrical core 11. When a current flows around the rotor winding 22, magnetic poles r1-r8 appear in this space. Therefore, the cylindrical core 21 has a total of eight magnetic poles at the first equal angular interval on its circumferential side surface.
図２Ｃにおいて、固定子１０は、磁性体を輪状にした円筒鉄心１１に、固定子巻線１２ｕ１、１２ｕ２、１２ｖ１、１２ｖ２、１２ｗ１、１２ｗ２が、角度６０°の第２の等角度間隔に同一方向に巻き付けられている。磁性体としては、鉄板が良く、特に無方向性電磁鋼板が望ましい。図２Ｄにおいて、３相交流電源の夫々をＵ相、Ｖ相、Ｗ相とすると、固定子巻線１２ｕ１、１２ｖ１、１２ｗ１、１２ｕ２、１２ｖ２、１２ｗ２の順に配置されている（図の例では、時計回り）。Ｕ相からは、固定子巻線１２ｕ１に接続され、１２０°移動した位置（時計まわり）から、固定子巻線１２ｕ２が直列に接続され、三相のスター結線の中立点（Ｎｅ：Ｎｅｕｔｒａｌ）に到る。Ｖ相からは、固定子巻線１２ｖ１に接続され、１２０°移動した位置から、固定子巻線１２ｖ２が直列に接続され、中立点Ｎｅに到る。Ｗ相からは、固定子巻線１２ｗ１に接続され、１２０°移動した位置から、固定子巻線１２ｗ２が直列に接続され、中立点Ｎｅに到る。固定子巻線１２ｕ１、１２ｖ１、１２ｗ１、１２ｕ２、１２ｖ２、１２ｗ２の両端の位置は、円筒鉄心１１が露出する蛇管のスペースが空けられている。円筒鉄心１１は、このスペースに磁極ｓ１－ｓ１２の合計１２個の磁極を有している。磁極ｓ１２とｓ１は固定子巻線１２ｖ１と固定子巻線１２ｕ１との間のスペースに、磁極ｓ２とｓ３は固定子巻線１２ｕ１と固定子巻線１２ｗ２との間のスペースに、磁極ｓ４とｓ５は固定子巻線１２ｗ２と固定子巻線１２ｖ１との間のスペースに、磁極ｓ６とｓ７は固定子巻線１２ｖ１と固定子巻線１２ｕ２との間のスペースに、磁極ｓ８とｓ９は固定子巻線１２ｕ２と固定子巻線１２ｗ１との間のスペースに、磁極ｓ１０とｓ１１は固定子巻線１２ｗ１と固定子巻線１２ｖ２、との間のスペースに存在する。極めて近接した２つの磁極の組は、６組である。 In FIG. 2C, the stator 10 has stator windings 12u1, 12u2, 12v1, 12v2, 12w1, and 12w2 wound in the same direction at a second equal angle interval of 60° around a cylindrical core 11 made of a magnetic material in a ring shape. As the magnetic material, iron plate is preferable, and non-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet is particularly preferable. In FIG. 2D, assuming that the three-phase AC power source is U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase, respectively, the stator windings 12u1, 12v1, 12w1, 12u2, 12v2, and 12w2 are arranged in this order (clockwise in the example shown). From the U-phase, the stator winding 12u1 is connected, and from a position moved 120° (clockwise), the stator winding 12u2 is connected in series and reaches the neutral point (Ne: Neutral) of the three-phase star connection. The V-phase is connected to the stator winding 12v1, and when it is moved 120°, the stator winding 12v2 is connected in series to reach the neutral point Ne. The W-phase is connected to the stator winding 12w1, and when it is moved 120°, the stator winding 12w2 is connected in series to reach the neutral point Ne. At both ends of the stator windings 12u1, 12v1, 12w1, 12u2, 12v2, and 12w2, there is a space for the coil in which the cylindrical core 11 is exposed. The cylindrical core 11 has a total of 12 magnetic poles, magnetic poles s1-s12, in this space. Magnetic poles s12 and s1 are present in the space between the stator winding 12v1 and the stator winding 12u1, magnetic poles s2 and s3 are present in the space between the stator winding 12u1 and the stator winding 12w2, magnetic poles s4 and s5 are present in the space between the stator winding 12w2 and the stator winding 12v1, magnetic poles s6 and s7 are present in the space between the stator winding 12v1 and the stator winding 12u2, magnetic poles s8 and s9 are present in the space between the stator winding 12u2 and the stator winding 12w1, and magnetic poles s10 and s11 are present in the space between the stator winding 12w1 and the stator winding 12v2. There are six pairs of two magnetic poles that are very close to each other.
固定子１０および回転子２０の円筒鉄心１１、２１は、鉄板を巻いて円筒に形成しただけの試作品であるから、磁極ｒ１－ｒ８と磁極ｓ１－ｓ１２の間のギャップは、固定子巻線１２、回転子巻線２２の導体の太さの影響を受けるものになっている。また、磁極ｒ１－ｒ８が発現する位置、及び磁極ｓ１－ｓ１２が発現する位置には、磁力線が飛び出す面積を確保するように、固定子巻線１２、回転子巻線２２の導体で覆わないように、間を開けている。磁極ｒ１－ｒ８と磁極ｓ１－ｓ１２の位置の鉄板にエンボス加工等を施して、巻線導体の太さ分だけ突起状にして近接しても良い。 The cylindrical cores 11, 21 of the stator 10 and rotor 20 are prototypes that are simply formed into cylinders by winding iron plates, so the gap between the magnetic poles r1-r8 and magnetic poles s1-s12 is affected by the thickness of the conductors of the stator winding 12 and rotor winding 22. In addition, at the positions where the magnetic poles r1-r8 and magnetic poles s1-s12 appear, there is a gap so that they are not covered by the conductors of the stator winding 12 and rotor winding 22, and so that an area for the magnetic lines of force to protrude is secured. The iron plates at the positions of the magnetic poles r1-r8 and magnetic poles s1-s12 may be embossed or otherwise processed to create protrusions by the thickness of the winding conductors, and placed close to each other.
次に、ブラシレスモータ１の動作について説明する。図３－８において、固定子１０側の小さい丸「○」は、電流が流れていない導体の位置を示している。二重丸「◎」は、紙面の裏から表に向けて電流が流れることを示している。×丸「（×）」は、紙面の表から裏に向けて電流が流れることを示している。 Next, the operation of the brushless motor 1 will be explained. In Figure 3-8, the small circle "○" on the stator 10 side indicates the position of the conductor through which no current flows. The double circle "◎" indicates that current flows from the back to the front of the paper. The × circle "(×)" indicates that current flows from the front to the back of the paper.
回転子２０側の小さい丸「○」は、正対する固定子１０側の導体により回転子２０側の導体が電磁誘導を受けないことを示している。二重丸「◎」は、正対する固定子１０側の導体により回転子２０側の導体が電磁誘導を受け、紙面の裏から表に向けて起電力が発生することを示している。×丸「（×）」は、正対する固定子側の導体により回転子２０側の導体が電磁誘導を受け、紙面の表から裏に向けて起電力が発生することを示している。 The small circle "○" on the rotor 20 side indicates that the conductor on the rotor 20 side is not subjected to electromagnetic induction by the conductor on the opposite side of the stator 10. The double circle "◎" indicates that the conductor on the rotor 20 side is subjected to electromagnetic induction by the conductor on the opposite side of the stator 10, generating an electromotive force from the back of the page to the front. The × circle "(×)" indicates that the conductor on the rotor 20 side is subjected to electromagnetic induction by the conductor on the opposite side of the stator, generating an electromotive force from the front of the page to the back.
また、図中、「Ｎ」、「Ｓ」は、磁極ｒ１－ｒ８と磁極ｓ１－ｓ１２に発生する磁気極性を示している。尚、回転子２０の円筒鉄心２１を円形では無く、８角形状に表示しているが、磁極ｒ１－ｒ８の位置を明確にするためである。 In addition, in the figure, "N" and "S" indicate the magnetic polarities generated in magnetic poles r1-r8 and magnetic poles s1-s12. Note that the cylindrical core 21 of the rotor 20 is shown as an octagon rather than a circle in order to clarify the positions of the magnetic poles r1-r8.
図３－５は、ある瞬間のブラシレスモータ１の各部位の動作を段階的に説明するものである。図３において、Ｕ相が正、Ｖ相とＷ相が負の時点において、固定子巻線１２ｕ１、１２ｕ２の内周側には、図面上から下に向けて電流が流れる（図中（×））。固定子１０の円筒鉄心１１への巻き方は同一方向であるから、固定子巻線１２ｖ１、１２ｖ２、１２ｗ１、１２ｗ２の内周側には、図面下から上に向けての電流が流れる（図中◎）。 Figure 3-5 explains step by step the operation of each part of the brushless motor 1 at a certain moment. In Figure 3, when the U phase is positive and the V and W phases are negative, current flows from the top to the bottom of the figure on the inner periphery of the stator windings 12u1 and 12u2 (indicated by (x) in the figure). Because the windings around the cylindrical core 11 of the stator 10 are in the same direction, current flows from the bottom to the top of the figure on the inner periphery of the stator windings 12v1, 12v2, 12w1, and 12w2 (indicated by ◎ in the figure).
ここにおいて、固定子１０と回転子２０の間に挟まれた固定子巻線１２、回転子巻線２２の導体にのみ着目するものとする。固定子１０と回転子２０の間の導体は、固定子１０の円筒鉄心１１と回転子２０の円筒鉄心２１の間で磁気的に外界より遮蔽されており、かつ固定子巻線１２、回転子巻線２２により誘導される磁界は、固定子１０と回転子２０の間にのみ作用するからである。 Here, attention is focused only on the conductors of the stator winding 12 and rotor winding 22 sandwiched between the stator 10 and rotor 20. This is because the conductors between the stator 10 and rotor 20 are magnetically shielded from the outside world between the cylindrical core 11 of the stator 10 and the cylindrical core 21 of the rotor 20, and the magnetic field induced by the stator winding 12 and rotor winding 22 acts only between the stator 10 and rotor 20.
固定子巻線１２により各磁極ｓ１－ｓ１２に発現する極性は、図３Ａに示す通りであるが、特に、隣合った磁極が同一の磁極を示す箇所（ｓ１２とｓ１の間、ｓ２とｓ３の間、ｓ６とｓ７の間、ｓ８とｓ９の間）では、円筒鉄心１１から内周に飛び出す磁界が顕著である。 The polarity expressed by the stator winding 12 at each of the magnetic poles s1-s12 is as shown in FIG. 3A, but the magnetic field projecting from the cylindrical core 11 to the inner circumference is particularly noticeable in the locations where adjacent magnetic poles show the same magnetic polarity (between s12 and s1, between s2 and s3, between s6 and s7, and between s8 and s9).
図４も図３と同時点の様子を示している。図において、円筒鉄心１１の内側に存在する固定子巻線１２の導体により、円筒鉄心２１の外周側に存在する回転子巻線２２の導体が電磁誘導を受けて、逆方向の起電力が発生する。尚、回転子の円筒鉄心２１の中心側に存在する回転子巻線２２の導体は、円筒鉄心２１により遮蔽されるため、電磁誘導を受けない。同様に、図３においては、回転子巻線２２ｒ１、２２ｒ５には裏から表へ、回転子巻線２２ｒ２、２２ｒ３、２２ｒ４、２２ｒ６、２２ｒ７、２２ｒ８には表から裏への起電力が発生する。回転子巻線２２は正転／反転巻きが交互であるため、回転子巻線２２を１本の連続した導体としてみれば、一部の起電力は打ち消し合うことになる。図５Ａの場合、隣合って表から裏への起電力が発生する箇所の起電力は打ち消し合う。結局、回転子巻線２２全体では、時計回りに一周する電流が流れる。 Figure 4 shows the same state as Figure 3. In the figure, the conductor of the stator winding 12 inside the cylindrical core 11 causes the conductor of the rotor winding 22 on the outer periphery of the cylindrical core 21 to undergo electromagnetic induction, generating an electromotive force in the opposite direction. The conductor of the rotor winding 22 on the center side of the rotor's cylindrical core 21 is shielded by the cylindrical core 21 and is not subjected to electromagnetic induction. Similarly, in Figure 3, an electromotive force is generated from back to front in the rotor windings 22r1 and 22r5, and from front to back in the rotor windings 22r2, 22r3, 22r4, 22r6, 22r7, and 22r8. Since the rotor winding 22 alternates between forward and reverse windings, if the rotor winding 22 is viewed as a single continuous conductor, some of the electromotive forces will cancel each other out. In the case of Figure 5A, the electromotive forces at adjacent points where electromotive forces are generated from front to back cancel each other out. As a result, current flows in a clockwise direction through the entire rotor winding 22.
図５も図３と同時点の様子を示している。図４に示したように、回転子巻線２２全体を一周する電流が発生すると、回転子２０の各磁極ｒ１－ｒ８に図示の通りの極性が現れる。 Figure 5 shows the situation at the same time as Figure 3. As shown in Figure 4, when a current is generated that flows around the entire rotor winding 22, the polarity shown in the figure appears on each of the magnetic poles r1-r8 of the rotor 20.
図６は、３相交流電源の位相が３０°進んだ時点の様子を示している。図３－５との相違は、まず固定子１０側は、Ｖ相の電圧がゼロになっている点である。このため、固定子巻線１２ｖ１、１２ｖ２による極性が消失する。次に、回転子２０側では、回転子巻線２２ｒ１、２２ｒ２及び２２ｒ５、２２ｒ６に主に起電力が発生する。隣合う回転子巻線２２には、反対方向の起電力が発生するため、回転子巻線２２全体では、時計回りに一周する電流が流れる。これは図５の時と同様の電流の向きであり、回転子２０の各磁極に現れる極性は同一である。尚、回転子巻線２２ｒ３、２２ｒ４、２２ｒ７、２２ｒ８にも少なからず起電力は発生しているが説明を簡単化するために省略している。 Figure 6 shows the state when the phase of the three-phase AC power supply is advanced by 30°. The difference from Figure 3-5 is that, first, on the stator 10 side, the voltage of the V phase is zero. Therefore, the polarity of the stator windings 12v1 and 12v2 disappears. Next, on the rotor 20 side, electromotive forces are mainly generated in the rotor windings 22r1, 22r2, 22r5, and 22r6. Since electromotive forces in the opposite directions are generated in the adjacent rotor windings 22, a current flows in a clockwise direction in the entire rotor winding 22. This is the same current direction as in Figure 5, and the polarity that appears at each magnetic pole of the rotor 20 is the same. Note that electromotive forces are also generated to a certain extent in the rotor windings 22r3, 22r4, 22r7, and 22r8, but are omitted for the sake of simplicity.
図７は、３相交流電源の位相がさらに３０°進んだ時点の様子を示している。Ｖ相が正になっている。このため、隣合った磁極ｓ４、ｓ５及び磁極ｓ１０、ｓ１１に同一極性が現れる。 Figure 7 shows the state when the phase of the three-phase AC power supply advances by another 30°. Phase V is now positive. As a result, the same polarity appears at adjacent magnetic poles s4, s5 and magnetic poles s10, s11.
一方、回転子２０側では、回転子巻線２２ｒ３、２２ｒ４及び２２ｒ５、２２ｒ６に紙面裏から表向きの起電力が現れる。先の説明と同様に、打ち消し合う起電力を考慮すると、回転子巻線２２全体では、時計回りに一周する電流が流れる。これは図５、図６の時と同様の電流の向きであり、回転子２０の各磁極に現れる極性も同一である。 On the other hand, on the rotor 20 side, electromotive forces appear in the rotor windings 22r3, 22r4, 22r5, and 22r6, facing from the back of the page to the front. As explained above, when considering the canceling electromotive forces, a current flows in a clockwise direction in the entire rotor winding 22. This is the same direction of the current as in Figures 5 and 6, and the polarity that appears on each magnetic pole of the rotor 20 is also the same.
図８は、３相交流電源の位相がさらに３０°進んだ時点の様子を示している。図７との相違は、Ｕ相の電圧がゼロになっている点である。このため、固定子巻線１２ｕ１、１２ｕ２による極性が消失する。 Figure 8 shows the state when the phase of the three-phase AC power supply advances by another 30°. The difference from Figure 7 is that the voltage of the U phase is zero. As a result, the polarity of the stator windings 12u1 and 12u2 disappears.
一方、回転子２０側の回転子巻線２２ｒ２、２２ｒ３、２２ｒ４、２２ｒ６、２２ｒ７、２２ｒ８に起電力が発生するが、互いに打ち消しあうことが各所で発生し、回転子巻線２２全体では、時計回りに一周する電流が流れる。これは図５、図６、図７の時と同様の電流の向きであり、回転子２０の各磁極に現れる極性も同一である。 Meanwhile, electromotive forces are generated in rotor windings 22r2, 22r3, 22r4, 22r6, 22r7, and 22r8 on the rotor 20 side, but these cancel each other out in various places, and a current flows in a clockwise direction throughout the rotor winding 22. This is the same current direction as in Figures 5, 6, and 7, and the polarity that appears on each magnetic pole of the rotor 20 is also the same.
図９に、図５の３相電源の位相から３０°ずつ進めたときの固定子１０において、隣合った磁極に同じ極性が現れる箇所を「Ｎ」及び「Ｓ」で示した。位相が進むにつれて、「Ｎ」「Ｓ」の箇所が、反時計回りに移動していることが分かる。一方、図１０において、図５の３相電源の位相の時点において、図５に示した回転子２０の位置よりも回転子２０が反時計回りの位置にいたときの各磁極の極性を示した。時計回りを正としたとき、図５Ａは－２２．５°、図５Ｂは－３０°、図５Ｃは－４５°である。他の角度においても同様であるが、説明を省略する。唯一、－４５°の位置において、電流が消失したため磁極が消失したが、他の角度においては、各磁極の極性は同じである。回転子２０は、例外（－４５°）を除いて、各磁極には、同一の極性が現れる。これは、回転子２０に、永久磁石を配置したことと同じになっている。固定子巻線１２から回転子巻線２２に、非接触で電力が供給され、かつ整流化された電流が回転子巻線２２を流れているということができる。 In FIG. 9, the points where the same polarity appears on adjacent magnetic poles in the stator 10 when the phase of the three-phase power supply in FIG. 5 is advanced by 30° each are shown as "N" and "S". As the phase advances, it can be seen that the "N" and "S" points move counterclockwise. Meanwhile, in FIG. 10, the polarity of each magnetic pole is shown when the rotor 20 is in a counterclockwise position from the position of the rotor 20 shown in FIG. 5 at the time of the phase of the three-phase power supply in FIG. 5. When clockwise is positive, FIG. 5A is -22.5°, FIG. 5B is -30°, and FIG. 5C is -45°. The same is true for other angles, but the explanation will be omitted. Only at the position of -45°, the magnetic pole disappeared because the current disappeared, but at other angles, the polarity of each magnetic pole is the same. With the exception of (-45°), the same polarity appears on each magnetic pole of the rotor 20. This is the same as placing a permanent magnet on the rotor 20. It can be said that power is supplied contactlessly from the stator winding 12 to the rotor winding 22, and that rectified current flows through the rotor winding 22.
このように、本実施例のブラシレスモータ１によれば、固定子１０により発生する回転磁界により、回転子２０が永久磁石のように機能して回転する。回転子２０への電力供給は非接触で有り、かつ回転子２０に誘導される電流は特段の整流回路を設けることなく整流されている。よって、ブラシレスモータ１は、自己始動が可能で有る。 Thus, with the brushless motor 1 of this embodiment, the rotor 20 functions like a permanent magnet and rotates due to the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator 10. Power is supplied to the rotor 20 without contact, and the current induced in the rotor 20 is rectified without the need for a special rectifier circuit. Therefore, the brushless motor 1 is capable of self-starting.
３相交流電源を用いた場合、固定子分割数ｍ（第２の等角度間隔で固定子１０の一周を分割して得られる数）、回転子の磁極数ｎに応じて最大の回転速度が決まる。固定子分割数ｍ、回転子の磁極数ｎの組み合わせと、最大の回転速度の関係を、図１１に示した。３相交流電源の場合で一般化すると以下の通りである。第２の等角度で一周が分割されて得られる固定子分割数ｍは、相数３のｐ倍（ｐは自然数）である。回転子の磁極数ｎは、正転巻き／反転巻きの交互性を有する必要から、必然的に偶数である。一方、磁極数ｎは、ｐで除したときに４のｑ倍（ｑは自然数）であることが必要である。本実施例の場合、ｐは２、固定子分割数ｍは８であり、８を２で除したときに４になっている。 When a three-phase AC power supply is used, the maximum rotation speed is determined according to the number of stator divisions m (the number obtained by dividing one revolution of the stator 10 at the second equal angle interval) and the number of magnetic poles n of the rotor. The relationship between the combination of the number of stator divisions m and the number of magnetic poles n of the rotor and the maximum rotation speed is shown in FIG. 11. The generalization for the case of a three-phase AC power supply is as follows. The number of stator divisions m obtained by dividing one revolution at the second equal angle is p times the number of phases 3 (p is a natural number). The number of magnetic poles n of the rotor is necessarily an even number because it is necessary to have alternation between forward winding and reverse winding. On the other hand, the number of magnetic poles n must be q times 4 (q is a natural number) when divided by p. In this embodiment, p is 2, the number of stator divisions m is 8, and 8 divided by 2 is 4.
３相交流電源の周波数に対して、図中に示した周波数分割数で割ることにより、最大回転数が得られる。例えは、固定子６極、回転子８極のブラシレスモータの場合は、周波数分割数は４となっている。よって、６０Ｈｚの場合、６０／４＝１５（回転／秒）を得ることができる。図において、固定子を１５極、回転子を１２０極にすることにより、６０Ｈｚの場合に、１（回転／秒）のブラシレスモータを得ることができる。このように、多様な極数の設定により、最大回転数を自由に設定することができる。 The maximum rotation speed can be obtained by dividing the frequency of the three-phase AC power supply by the frequency division number shown in the figure. For example, in the case of a brushless motor with a 6-pole stator and 8-pole rotor, the frequency division number is 4. Therefore, at 60 Hz, 60/4 = 15 (revolutions/second) can be obtained. In the figure, by making the stator 15 poles and the rotor 120 poles, a brushless motor of 1 (revolutions/second) can be obtained at 60 Hz. In this way, the maximum rotation speed can be freely set by setting a variety of pole numbers.
本実施例のブラシレスモータ１によれば、固定子巻線１２と回転子巻線２２の相互間で受給電をして、固定子巻線１２と回転子巻線２２が発生する磁力を始動回転力にした「磁力線磁力モータ」を実現する事ができる。回転子２０への給電のための手段を固定子巻線１２と回転子巻線２２とは別に装備する必要がないだけでなく、回転子２０は円筒鉄心２１にて中心部に空洞化することができ、誘導磁力による発熱が無い。さらに、回転子巻線２２からの発熱を中心部に空洞に拡散することで、冷却を最大化することができる。尚、本実施例のブラシレスモータ１では、固定子分割数ｍが６であるため、固定子巻線１２ｕ１と固定子巻線１２ｕ２、固定子巻線１２ｖ１と固定子巻線１２ｖ２、固定子巻線１２ｗ１と固定子巻線１２ｗ２が直列に接続されていたが、固定子分割数ｍが３のときには、固定子巻線１２ｕ１、固定子巻線１２ｖ１、固定子巻線１２ｗ１が１つずつになる。逆に、固定子分割数ｍを増やすときには、同相の固定子巻線１２を直列に接続することはいうまでもない。 The brushless motor 1 of this embodiment can realize a "magnetic force motor" in which power is supplied between the stator winding 12 and the rotor winding 22, and the magnetic force generated by the stator winding 12 and the rotor winding 22 serves as the starting rotational force. Not only is it unnecessary to provide a means for supplying power to the rotor 20 separate from the stator winding 12 and the rotor winding 22, but the rotor 20 can be hollowed out in the center by the cylindrical iron core 21, so there is no heat generation due to induced magnetic force. Furthermore, by diffusing the heat generated from the rotor winding 22 to the cavity in the center, cooling can be maximized. In the brushless motor 1 of this embodiment, the number of stator divisions m is 6, so the stator windings 12u1 and 12u2, the stator windings 12v1 and 12v2, and the stator windings 12w1 and 12w2 are connected in series, but when the number of stator divisions m is 3, there is only one each of the stator windings 12u1, 12v1, and 12w1. Conversely, when the number of stator divisions m is increased, it goes without saying that the stator windings 12 of the same phase are connected in series.
一方で、以下の特性を有する。
１．回転力発生が固定子磁極と回転子磁極との吸引力によるものであるため、固定子磁極と回転子磁極間との間隔が離れた場合、始動トルクが得られにくい。
２．固定子磁極と、回転子磁極の数を増加させると、始動トルクを増加することができる一方で、電源周波数に対する最大回転数が低下する。
On the other hand, it has the following characteristics:
1. Because rotational force is generated by the attractive force between the stator poles and rotor poles, if the distance between the stator poles and rotor poles is large, it is difficult to obtain starting torque.
2. Increasing the number of stator poles and rotor poles can increase the starting torque, but the maximum rotation speed relative to the power supply frequency decreases.
［実施例２］
実施例１のブラシレスモータにおいては３相交流電源として正弦波の３相交流電源を利用したが、三角波、台形波、方形波、ノコギリ波、階段波の３相交流電源によっても、実施例１のブラシレスモータ１は回転する。
[Example 2]
In the brushless motor of the first embodiment, a sine wave three-phase AC power supply is used as the three-phase AC power supply. However, the brushless motor 1 of the first embodiment can also be rotated by a three-phase AC power supply having a triangular wave, a trapezoidal wave, a square wave, a sawtooth wave, or a stepped wave.
［実施例３］
本実施例のブラシレスモータは、一般家庭用の商用電灯である単相交流電源にて回転するモータである。ブラシレスモータの運転に当たっては、既存の単相誘導モータと同一の電源を利用することができる。本実施例においても、位相をずらすシフト回路（コンデンサ）を使った擬似的な２相の電源６を利用する。
[Example 3]
The brushless motor of this embodiment is a motor that rotates with a single-phase AC power source, which is the same as that used for commercial household lighting. The brushless motor can be operated using the same power source as that used for existing single-phase induction motors. This embodiment also uses a pseudo two-phase power source 6 that uses a shift circuit (capacitor) to shift the phase.
先の実施例と同様に、回転子１０は、磁性体を輪状にした円筒鉄心２１に、回転子巻線２２を周方向に巻き付けて形成される。回転子巻線２２は、角度６０°の第１の等角度間隔に、正転巻き、反転巻きで順に施されており、直列に接続されて全体で一周する閉ループになっている。回転子巻線２２を一周する電流が流れると、回転子巻線２２の巻き方が反転する夫々の位置に磁極ｒ１－ｒ６が発現することになる。よって、円筒鉄心２１は、その周側面に第１の等角度間隔に合計６極の磁極を有している。回転子の磁極数は正転巻き／反転巻きの交互性を有する必要から、必然的に偶数でなければならない。 As in the previous embodiment, the rotor 10 is formed by winding the rotor winding 22 circumferentially around a cylindrical core 21 made of a ring-shaped magnetic material. The rotor winding 22 is wound in the forward direction and then in the reverse direction at a first equal angular interval of 60°, and is connected in series to form a closed loop that goes around once as a whole. When a current flows around the rotor winding 22, magnetic poles r1-r6 appear at each position where the winding of the rotor winding 22 reverses. Therefore, the cylindrical core 21 has a total of six magnetic poles at the first equal angular interval on its circumferential side. The number of magnetic poles of the rotor must necessarily be an even number because of the need to have alternating forward and reverse windings.
図１２Ａに、電源６で使用するブラシレスモータ５を示す。固定子３０について説明すると、円筒鉄心３１を第１の等角間隔で分割し、夫々に電源６の一方の相を接続される固定子巻線３２と、他方の相が接続される固定子巻線３３が交互の順に巻かれている。円筒鉄心３１の各弧の固定子巻線３２、３３の導体は回転軸方向（紙面の表裏方向）に平行で、巻く方向も一定としてある。また、固定子巻線３２が主巻線、固定子巻線３３が副巻線として機能するように、電源６に結線されている。第２の等角度間隔は９０°であり、固定子分割数ｍは４である。 Figure 12A shows a brushless motor 5 used with a power source 6. Regarding the stator 30, a cylindrical core 31 is divided at a first equal angle interval, and stator windings 32 connected to one phase of the power source 6 and stator windings 33 connected to the other phase are wound in an alternating order. The conductors of the stator windings 32, 33 of each arc of the cylindrical core 31 are parallel to the direction of the rotation axis (the front and back direction of the paper), and the winding direction is also constant. In addition, the stator winding 32 is connected to the power source 6 so that it functions as the main winding and the stator winding 33 as the secondary winding. The second equal angle interval is 90°, and the number of stator divisions m is 4.
電源６のａ端子、ｃ端子は、単相電源７に直結しており、２相交流電源６のｂ端子は位相をずらす位相シフト回路８（コンデンサ）を介している。固定子巻線３２、３３は、共通に電源６のｃ端子に接続され、固定子巻線３２は電源６のａ端子に、固定子巻線３３は電源６のｂ端子に接続されている。図１２Ｂには、固定子巻線３２、３３の接続構成が示されている。 The a-terminal and c-terminal of the power supply 6 are directly connected to the single-phase power supply 7, and the b-terminal of the two-phase AC power supply 6 is connected via a phase shift circuit 8 (capacitor) that shifts the phase. The stator windings 32 and 33 are commonly connected to the c-terminal of the power supply 6, with the stator winding 32 connected to the a-terminal of the power supply 6 and the stator winding 33 connected to the b-terminal of the power supply 6. Figure 12B shows the connection configuration of the stator windings 32 and 33.
回転子２０側は、磁極数ｎが６になっている。本実施例のブラシレスモータ５では、固定子３０側の固定子分割数ｍを、電源６の相数２を２倍にした４にしている。２相の電源６を用いるブラシレスモータ５を一般化する場合は、回転子２０の磁極数ｎと固定子分割数ｍの比を、２：３、２：５、２：７、２：９・・・の関係（比の前項が２、後項が３以上の奇数）とすることで始動する。回転子の磁極数ｎを増やすと回転時のトルクは増加し、始動を得やすくなるが、他方、電源周波数に対する回転数が低下する。図１２Ｃは、固定子分割数ｍが４、磁極数ｎが１４、すなわち比を２：７（前項が２、後項が７）で試作したブラシレスモータ５が運転されている様子を示している。 The number of magnetic poles n on the rotor 20 side is 6. In the brushless motor 5 of this embodiment, the number of stator divisions m on the stator 30 side is 4, which is twice the number of phases of the power supply 6, which is 2. When generalizing a brushless motor 5 using a two-phase power supply 6, the ratio of the number of magnetic poles n of the rotor 20 to the number of stator divisions m is 2:3, 2:5, 2:7, 2:9, etc. (the first term of the ratio is 2, and the second term is an odd number of 3 or more) to start the motor. Increasing the number of magnetic poles n of the rotor increases the torque during rotation and makes it easier to start the motor, but on the other hand, the rotation speed relative to the power supply frequency decreases. Figure 12C shows the operation of a prototype brushless motor 5 with the number of stator divisions m being 4 and the number of magnetic poles n being 14, i.e., a ratio of 2:7 (the first term is 2, the second term is 7).
以上本実施例においては、インナーロータのブラシレスモータ１を説明したが、アウターロータのブラシレスモータに適用することも可能である。
尚、出願人は、以上説明したブラシレスモータを、「ＷｉｓｓＷｏｄ Ｍｏｔｏｒ」と呼び、将来の実用モータの開発、完成を願うものである。
In the above embodiment, the inner rotor brushless motor 1 has been described, but the present invention can also be applied to an outer rotor brushless motor.
The applicant calls the brushless motor described above the "WissWod Motor" and hopes to develop and complete a practical motor in the future.
１、５ ブラシレスモータ
３ 軸受け支持部材
４ 基台
６ 電源
７ 単相交流電源
８ 位相シフト回路
１０、３０ 固定子
１１、２１、３１ 円筒鉄心
１２、３２、３３ 固定子巻線
１３ 引き出し線
２０ 回転子
２２ 回転子巻線
２３、２５ ハブ
２４、２６ 回転軸
Reference Signs List 1, 5 Brushless motor 3 Bearing support member 4 Base 6 Power source 7 Single-phase AC power source 8 Phase shift circuit 10, 30 Stator 11, 21, 31 Cylindrical core 12, 32, 33 Stator winding 13 Lead wire 20 Rotor 22 Rotor winding 23, 25 Hub 24, 26 Rotating shaft
本発明の回転子と前記回転子に同心状の固定子とを有して３相交流電源により回転するブラシレスモータでは、
前記回転子は、輪状にした回転子の円筒鉄心と、前記回転子の円筒鉄心の内周側から外周側にかけて周回するように巻かれる回転子巻線とを有し、
前記固定子は、輪状にした固定子の円筒鉄心と、前記固定子の円筒鉄心の内周側から外周側にかけて周回するように巻かれる固定子巻線とを有し、
前記回転子巻線は、第１の等角度間隔毎に前記回転子の円筒鉄心に巻く方向が反転されており、前記回転子と前記固定子との間に現れる前記回転子巻線の導体が回転軸方向に平行に延び、かつ外部から給電される接続を持たずに、前記回転子巻線の全体を電流が一周する閉ループになっており、さらに、前記回転子と前記固定子との間に現れる回転子巻線の導体の延びる方向が、前記第１の等角度間隔毎に前記回転軸方向の向きに対して交互に順方向と逆方向となっており、
前記固定子巻線は、前記固定子の円筒鉄心の一周にわたって巻く方向を一定に、かつ第２の等角度間隔の位置に交流電源の各相が順に接続されており、前記回転子と前記固定子との間に現れる固定子巻線の導体が回転軸方向に平行に延び、かつ、その延びる方向が、前記回転子と前記固定子との間の一周にわたって前記回転軸方向の向きに対して同一方向となっており、
前記第２の等角度で一周が分割されて得られる固定子分割数ｍは相数３のｐ倍（ｐは自然数）であり、前記第１の等角度で一周が分割されて得られる磁極数ｎは、ｐで除したときに４のｑ倍（ｑは自然数）であることを特徴とする。
本発明の回転子と前記回転子に同心状の固定子とを有して２相の電源により回転するブラシレスモータでは、
前記回転子は、輪状にした回転子の円筒鉄心と、前記回転子の円筒鉄心の内周側から外周側にかけて周回するように巻かれる回転子巻線とを有し、
前記固定子は、輪状にした固定子の円筒鉄心と、前記固定子の円筒鉄心の内周側から外周側にかけて周回するように巻かれる固定子巻線とを有し、
前記回転子巻線は、第１の等角度間隔毎に前記回転子の円筒鉄心に巻く方向が反転されており、前記回転子と前記固定子との間に現れる前記回転子巻線の導体が回転軸方向に平行に延び、かつ外部から給電される接続を持たずに、前記回転子巻線の全体を電流が一周する閉ループになっており、さらに、前記回転子と前記固定子との間に現れる回転子巻線の導体の延びる方向が、前記第１の等角度間隔毎に前記回転軸方向の向きに対して交互に順方向と逆方向となっており、
前記固定子巻線は、前記固定子の円筒鉄心の一周にわたって巻く方向を一定に、かつ第２の等角度間隔の位置に交流電源の各相が順に接続されており、前記回転子と前記固定子との間に現れる固定子巻線の導体が回転軸方向に平行に延び、かつ、その延びる方向が、前記回転子と前記固定子との間の一周にわたって前記回転軸方向の向きに対して同一方向となっており、
前記第２の等角度で一周が分割されて得られる固定子分割数ｍと前記第１の等角度で一周が分割されて得られる磁極数ｎの比は、比の前項が２で後項が３以上の奇数であることを特徴とする。
In the brushless motor of the present invention, which has a rotor and a stator concentric with the rotor and is rotated by a three-phase AC power source,
The rotor has a ring-shaped cylindrical core and a rotor winding wound around the cylindrical core from the inner periphery to the outer periphery,
The stator includes a ring-shaped cylindrical core and a stator winding wound around the cylindrical core from the inner periphery to the outer periphery,
the rotor winding has a direction in which it is wound around the cylindrical core of the rotor reversed at first equal angular intervals, the conductor of the rotor winding appearing between the rotor and the stator extends parallel to the direction of the rotation axis, and forms a closed loop in which a current goes around the entire rotor winding without any connection to an external power supply, and further, the extending direction of the conductor of the rotor winding appearing between the rotor and the stator alternates between a forward direction and a reverse direction with respect to the direction of the rotation axis at the first equal angular intervals,
the stator winding has a constant winding direction around one revolution of the cylindrical core of the stator, and each phase of an AC power source is connected in sequence to positions at second equiangular intervals; the conductors of the stator winding appearing between the rotor and the stator extend parallel to the direction of the rotation axis, and the extending direction is the same as the direction of the rotation axis around one revolution between the rotor and the stator;
The number of stator divisions m obtained by dividing one revolution at the second equal angle is p times the number of phases, 3 (p is a natural number), and the number of magnetic poles n obtained by dividing one revolution at the first equal angle is q times 4 (q is a natural number) when divided by p.
In the brushless motor of the present invention , which has a rotor and a stator concentric with the rotor and is rotated by a two-phase power source,
The rotor has a ring-shaped cylindrical core and a rotor winding wound around the cylindrical core from the inner periphery to the outer periphery,
The stator includes a ring-shaped cylindrical core and a stator winding wound around the cylindrical core from the inner periphery to the outer periphery,
the rotor winding has a direction in which it is wound around the cylindrical core of the rotor reversed at first equal angular intervals, the conductor of the rotor winding appearing between the rotor and the stator extends parallel to the direction of the rotation axis, and forms a closed loop in which a current goes around the entire rotor winding without any connection to an external power supply, and further, the extending direction of the conductor of the rotor winding appearing between the rotor and the stator alternates between a forward direction and a reverse direction with respect to the direction of the rotation axis at the first equal angular intervals,
the stator winding has a constant winding direction around one revolution of the cylindrical core of the stator, and each phase of an AC power source is connected in sequence to positions at second equiangular intervals; the conductors of the stator winding appearing between the rotor and the stator extend parallel to the direction of the rotation axis, and the extending direction is the same as the direction of the rotation axis around one revolution between the rotor and the stator;
The ratio between the number of stator divisions m obtained by dividing one revolution at the second equal angle and the number of magnetic poles n obtained by dividing one revolution at the first equal angle is characterized in that the first term of the ratio is 2 and the second term is an odd number of 3 or more.
Claims (2)
回転軸方向に導体が平行になるように、かつ第１の等角度間隔毎に巻く方向を反転させて円筒鉄心に一周巻かれた巻線を有する回転子と、
前記回転軸方向に導体が平行になるように、巻く方向を一定として円筒鉄心に、第２の等角度間隔の位置に、交流電源の各相が順に接続される固定子巻線が巻かれ、前記回転子と同心状の固定子とを具備し、
前記第２の等角度で一周が分割されて得られる固定子分割数ｍは相数３のｐ倍（ｐは自然数）であり、前記第１の等角度で一周が分割されて得られる磁極数ｎは、ｐで除したときに４のｑ倍（ｑは自然数）であることを特徴とするブラシレスモータ。
A brushless motor rotated by a three-phase AC power source,
a rotor having a winding wound around a cylindrical core in such a manner that the conductor is parallel to the direction of rotation and the winding direction is reversed at first equal angular intervals;
a stator concentric with the rotor, the stator winding being wound around a cylindrical core with a constant winding direction so that the conductors are parallel to the direction of the rotation axis, the stator winding being wound at positions spaced at second equal angular intervals in sequence to each phase of an AC power source;
A brushless motor characterized in that the number of stator divisions m obtained by dividing one revolution at the second equal angles is p times the number of phases, 3 (p is a natural number), and the number of magnetic poles n obtained by dividing one revolution at the first equal angles is q times 4 (q is a natural number) when divided by p.
回転軸方向に導体が平行になるように、かつ第１の等角度間隔毎に巻く方向を反転させて円筒鉄心に一周巻かれた巻線を有する回転子と、
前記回転軸方向に導体が平行になるように、巻く方向を一定として円筒鉄心に、第２の等角度間隔の位置に、交流電源の各相が順に接続される固定子巻線が巻かれ、前記回転子と同心状の固定子とを具備し、
前記第２の等角度で一周が分割されて得られる固定子分割数ｍと前記第１の等角度で一周が分割されて得られる磁極数ｎの比は、比の前項が２で後項が３以上の奇数であることを特徴とするブラシレスモータ。
A brushless motor that rotates using a two-phase power supply,
a rotor having a winding wound around a cylindrical core in such a manner that the conductor is parallel to the direction of rotation and the winding direction is reversed at first equal angular intervals;
a stator concentric with the rotor, the stator winding being wound around a cylindrical core with a constant winding direction so that the conductors are parallel to the direction of the rotation axis, the stator winding being wound at positions spaced at second equal angular intervals in sequence to each phase of an AC power source;
A brushless motor characterized in that the ratio between the number of stator divisions m obtained by dividing one revolution at the second equal angle and the number of magnetic poles n obtained by dividing one revolution at the first equal angle is an odd number, with the first term of the ratio being 2 and the second term being 3 or greater.
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| JP5115141B2 (en) | 2007-10-18 | 2013-01-09 | 奥村遊機株式会社 | Pachinko machine |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05115141A (en) * | 1991-10-22 | 1993-05-07 | Toshiba Corp | Slotless motor |
| JP2006020476A (en) * | 2004-07-05 | 2006-01-19 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Motor |
| JP2009106002A (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2009-05-14 | Tokyo Univ Of Science | Electromagnetic rotating machine |
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| JP2009284626A (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2009-12-03 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | Stator of rotating machine and motor |
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