JP2024053277A - Method for disinfecting pathogens and disinfectant for pathogens - Google Patents

Method for disinfecting pathogens and disinfectant for pathogens Download PDF

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JP2024053277A
JP2024053277A JP2022159417A JP2022159417A JP2024053277A JP 2024053277 A JP2024053277 A JP 2024053277A JP 2022159417 A JP2022159417 A JP 2022159417A JP 2022159417 A JP2022159417 A JP 2022159417A JP 2024053277 A JP2024053277 A JP 2024053277A
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洋 内海
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Abstract

【課題】毒性が低く少ない環境負荷で病原菌を有効に消毒できる病原菌の消毒方法および病原菌の消毒剤を提供する。【解決手段】細胞壁8に保護物質を含む病原菌3を消毒する病原菌3の消毒方法であって、病原菌3に対してアルカリ性液を接触させる第一工程と、アルカリ性液を接触させてから所定時間以上経過後の病原菌3に対して酸性液又は中性液を接触させる第二工程と、を備える。【選択図】図1[Problem] To provide a method and a disinfectant for pathogens that can effectively disinfect pathogens with low toxicity and little environmental load. [Solution] The method for disinfecting pathogens 3 that contain a protective substance in the cell wall 8 includes a first step of contacting the pathogens 3 with an alkaline liquid, and a second step of contacting the pathogens 3 with an acidic liquid or a neutral liquid after a predetermined time has elapsed since the contact with the alkaline liquid. [Selected Figure] Figure 1

Description

本発明は、細胞壁に保護物質を含む病原菌を消毒する病原菌の消毒方法および病原菌の消毒剤に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for disinfecting pathogens that contain protective substances in their cell walls, and a disinfectant for pathogens.

従来、例えば牛、羊、山羊等の反芻動物の疾病として、ヨーネ病が知られている。ヨーネ病については、現在のところ、感染防御に効果のあるワクチン、あるいは治療に有効な抗生物質がなく、また、細胞壁に多量の脂質を有して消毒に対する耐性効果が高いことから、ヨーネ病の病原菌であるヨーネ菌の消毒剤として、消石灰や塩素剤等の劇薬が用いられる(例えば、非特許文献1参照。)。 Conventionally, Johne's disease has been known as a disease of ruminants such as cattle, sheep, and goats. Currently, there is no vaccine that is effective in preventing infection with Johne's disease, nor is there an antibiotic that is effective in treating the disease. In addition, because the cell wall of the Johne's disease bacterium contains a large amount of lipids and the bacterium is highly resistant to disinfection, toxic chemicals such as hydrated lime and chlorine agents are used as disinfectants for the pathogenic bacterium of Johne's disease, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

永田礼子、-最新の家畜疾病情報(XIII)-ヨーネ病、日本獣医師会雑誌、Vol.69 No.2(2016) p.66-68Reiko Nagata, The latest information on livestock diseases (XIII) - Johne's disease, Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association, Vol. 69 No. 2 (2016) pp. 66-68

しかしながら、一般に劇薬はヒトや動物への毒性を有しているだけでなく、環境負荷も大きい。そこで、例えばヨーネ菌等、脂質やその他の保護物質により菌自体を保護する、消毒に対する耐性効果が高い病原菌を、より毒性が低く、かつ少ない環境負荷で有効に消毒できる方法が望まれている。 However, generally speaking, highly toxic chemicals are not only toxic to humans and animals, but also place a large burden on the environment. Therefore, there is a need for a method that can effectively disinfect pathogens such as Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, which are highly resistant to disinfection and protect themselves with lipids and other protective substances, with less toxicity and less burden on the environment.

本発明は、このような点に鑑みなされたもので、毒性が低く少ない環境負荷で病原菌を有効に消毒できる病原菌の消毒方法および病原菌の消毒剤を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in consideration of these points, and aims to provide a method and a disinfectant for pathogens that are less toxic and can effectively disinfect pathogens with a small environmental impact.

請求項1記載の病原菌の消毒方法は、細胞壁に保護物質を含む病原菌を消毒する病原菌の消毒方法であって、前記病原菌に対してアルカリ性液を接触させる第一工程と、前記アルカリ性液を接触させてから所定時間以上経過後の前記病原菌に対して酸性液又は中性液を接触させる第二工程と、を備えるものである。 The method for disinfecting pathogens according to claim 1 is a method for disinfecting pathogens that contain a protective substance in their cell walls, and includes a first step of contacting the pathogens with an alkaline liquid, and a second step of contacting the pathogens with an acidic liquid or a neutral liquid after a predetermined time has elapsed since the contact with the alkaline liquid.

請求項2記載の病原菌の消毒方法は、細胞壁に保護物質を含む病原菌を消毒する病原菌の消毒方法であって、前記病原菌に対してアルカリ性液を接触させる第一工程と、前記アルカリ性液を接触させてから所定時間以上経過後の前記病原菌に対して酸性液を接触させる第二工程と、を備え、前記第一工程で用いる前記アルカリ性液は、被電解水を電気分解する電解装置の陰極側から得られるアルカリ性電解水であり、前記第二工程で用いる前記酸性液は、前記電解装置の陽極側から得られる次亜塩素酸水であるものである。 The method for disinfecting pathogens according to claim 2 is a method for disinfecting pathogens that contain a protective substance in their cell walls, and includes a first step of contacting the pathogens with an alkaline liquid, and a second step of contacting the pathogens with an acidic liquid after a predetermined time has elapsed since the contact with the alkaline liquid. The alkaline liquid used in the first step is alkaline electrolyzed water obtained from the cathode side of an electrolysis device that electrolyzes water to be electrolyzed, and the acidic liquid used in the second step is hypochlorous acid water obtained from the anode side of the electrolysis device.

請求項3記載の病原菌の消毒方法は、請求項2記載の病原菌の消毒方法において、アルカリ性電解水および次亜塩素酸水は、それぞれ無塩型又は低塩型の電解水であるものである。 The method for disinfecting pathogens described in claim 3 is the method for disinfecting pathogens described in claim 2, in which the alkaline electrolyzed water and the hypochlorous acid water are each salt-free or low-salt electrolyzed water.

請求項4記載の病原菌の消毒剤は、請求項1又は2に用いる病原菌の消毒剤であって、アルカリ性液を主成分とする第一液と、酸性液又は中性液を主成分とする第二液と、を有するものである。 The pathogen disinfectant described in claim 4 is a pathogen disinfectant used in claim 1 or 2, and has a first liquid whose main component is an alkaline liquid, and a second liquid whose main component is an acidic liquid or a neutral liquid.

本発明によれば、毒性が低く少ない環境負荷で病原菌を有効に消毒できる。 The present invention allows for effective disinfection of pathogens with low toxicity and minimal environmental impact.

本発明の一実施の形態の病原菌の消毒方法を(a)および(b)に模式的に示す説明図である。1A and 1B are explanatory diagrams showing a schematic diagram of a pathogen disinfection method according to one embodiment of the present invention.

本発明の一実施の形態について、図面を参照して説明する。 An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

本実施の形態の消毒剤は、アルカリ性液を主成分とする第一液1と、酸性液又は中性液、好ましくは酸性液を主成分とする第二液2と、を有し、病原菌(病原性細菌)3の消毒(殺菌)に用いるものである。ここで、「主成分とする」とは、液を構成する成分中の主なものであることを意味する。したがって、本実施の形態では、第一液1および第二液2に、主成分の機能を阻害しない他の成分を含むことを排除するものではない。 The disinfectant of this embodiment has a first liquid 1 whose main component is an alkaline liquid, and a second liquid 2 whose main component is an acidic or neutral liquid, preferably an acidic liquid, and is used for disinfecting (killing) pathogens (pathogenic bacteria) 3. Here, "main component" means that it is the main component among the components that make up the liquid. Therefore, this embodiment does not exclude the inclusion of other components in the first liquid 1 and the second liquid 2 that do not inhibit the function of the main component.

アルカリ性液は、脂質等の保護物質を分解する効果を有する。アルカリ性液は、脂質等の保護物質を分解する洗剤等でもよいが、本実施の形態では、好ましくはアルカリ性電解水(電解生成アルカリ性水)が用いられる。また、酸性液および中性液は、任意の薬液等の液でもよいが、酸性液としては、好ましくは酸性電解水(電解生成酸性水)が用いられ、中性液としては、好ましくは中性電解水(電解生成中性水)が用いられる。 The alkaline liquid has the effect of decomposing protective substances such as lipids. The alkaline liquid may be a detergent that decomposes protective substances such as lipids, but in this embodiment, alkaline electrolyzed water (electrolytically generated alkaline water) is preferably used. The acidic liquid and neutral liquid may be any liquid such as a chemical solution, but the acidic liquid is preferably acidic electrolyzed water (electrolytically generated acidic water), and the neutral liquid is preferably neutral electrolyzed water (electrolytically generated neutral water).

アルカリ性電解水および酸性電解水は、既知の二室型、あるいは三室型の電解装置により塩化ナトリウム水溶液、塩酸、あるいはそれらの混合水等の被電解水を電気分解することで生成される還元水である。アルカリ性電解水および酸性電解水は、塩害を防止するために、無塩、又は、低塩のものが好ましく、本実施の形態では、例えば三室型の電解装置により生成される無塩型のアルカリ性電解水および酸性電解水が用いられる。 Alkaline electrolyzed water and acidic electrolyzed water are reduced waters produced by electrolyzing electrolyzed water such as sodium chloride aqueous solution, hydrochloric acid, or a mixture of these waters using a known two-chamber or three-chamber electrolysis device. In order to prevent salt damage, it is preferable that the alkaline electrolyzed water and acidic electrolyzed water are salt-free or low-salt, and in this embodiment, salt-free alkaline electrolyzed water and acidic electrolyzed water produced by, for example, a three-chamber electrolysis device is used.

一例として、アルカリ性電解水は、電解装置の陰極側での電気分解反応により生成されるものである。アルカリ性電解水としては、例えばpH10、好ましくはpH11.0以上のものが好適に用いられる。本実施の形態のアルカリ性電解水は、経時的に空気に触れることで中性に戻っていく、毒性や環境負荷が極めて低いものである。 As an example, alkaline electrolyzed water is produced by an electrolysis reaction on the cathode side of an electrolysis device. As alkaline electrolyzed water, for example, pH 10, preferably pH 11.0 or higher, is suitably used. The alkaline electrolyzed water of this embodiment returns to neutral over time when exposed to air, and has extremely low toxicity and environmental impact.

また、酸性電解水は、以下の通り、電解装置の陽極側での電気分解反応により生成される次亜塩素酸(HClO)水である。 Acidic electrolyzed water is hypochlorous acid (HClO) water produced by an electrolysis reaction on the anode side of an electrolysis device, as follows:

O → 2H+1/2O+2e
2Cl → Cl+2e
Cl+HO ⇔ HClO+HCl
H2O → 2H + +1/ 2O2 + 2e-
2Cl- Cl2 + 2e-
Cl2 + H2O ⇔ HClO + HCl

酸性電解水としては、例えばpH2.2~7.5、有効塩素濃度10~100ppm、好ましくはpH2.7~5.0、有効塩素濃度10~60ppmの弱酸性次亜塩素酸水が好適に用いられる。すなわち、本実施の形態の酸性電解水は、食品添加物として指定される次亜塩素酸水であって、安定性が低く、空気との接触等により短時間で分解される、毒性や環境負荷が極めて低いものである。 As the acidic electrolyzed water, for example, weakly acidic hypochlorous acid water with a pH of 2.2 to 7.5 and an effective chlorine concentration of 10 to 100 ppm, preferably a pH of 2.7 to 5.0 and an effective chlorine concentration of 10 to 60 ppm is preferably used. In other words, the acidic electrolyzed water of this embodiment is hypochlorous acid water designated as a food additive, which has low stability, decomposes in a short time when in contact with air, and has extremely low toxicity and environmental impact.

中性電解水としては、上記のアルカリ性電解水と酸性電解水とを適宜の割合で混合したものが好適に用いられ、より好ましくは、有効塩素濃度以外が食品衛生法で規定される食品製造用水に合致するものが用いられる。中性電解水としては、水道水基準の、例えばpH5.8~8.6のものが好適に用いられる。 As the neutral electrolyzed water, a mixture of the alkaline electrolyzed water and the acidic electrolyzed water in an appropriate ratio is preferably used, and more preferably, the neutral electrolyzed water is used that meets the standards for water for food production stipulated in the Food Sanitation Act, except for the effective chlorine concentration. As the neutral electrolyzed water, water with a pH of, for example, 5.8 to 8.6, which is the standard for tap water, is preferably used.

図1(a)に、病原菌3の一例を模式的に示す。一般に、病原菌3は、染色体を含む核4およびタンパク質等を含む細胞質5を有する原形質、原形質を覆う例えば二重の細胞膜6,7、および、細胞膜6,7を覆う細胞壁8等を有する。細胞壁8に多量の脂質あるいはタンパク質等の保護物質を含む病原菌3は、その多量の保護物質によって保護されているために消毒液が細胞壁8を通過しにくく、消毒液に対する耐性効果つまり抵抗性が高く、消石灰や塩素剤等の劇薬の消毒液でないと消毒効果が弱い一方で、劇薬の消毒液は環境負荷が大きい。このような病原菌3の一例として、特に牛、羊、山羊等の反芻動物や野生鳥獣における感染性腸炎(ヨーネ病)の原因菌としての抗酸菌であるヨーネ菌は、現在のところ有効なワクチンや治療薬もなく、飼育環境を清浄に保ったり、動物の感染を早期発見して隔離したりする等の対策が取られているものの、その効果が十分とは言えない。 Figure 1 (a) shows a schematic diagram of an example of a pathogenic bacterium 3. In general, the pathogenic bacterium 3 has a protoplasm having a nucleus 4 containing chromosomes and a cytoplasm 5 containing proteins, for example, double cell membranes 6 and 7 covering the protoplasm, and a cell wall 8 covering the cell membranes 6 and 7. The pathogenic bacterium 3 containing a large amount of protective substances such as lipids or proteins in the cell wall 8 is protected by the large amount of protective substances, so that the disinfectant does not easily pass through the cell wall 8, and has a high resistance to disinfectants, and the disinfectant effect is weak unless the disinfectant is a highly toxic disinfectant such as hydrated lime or chlorine agent, while the highly toxic disinfectant has a large environmental load. One example of such a pathogenic bacterium 3 is Mycobacterium avium, an acid-fast bacterium that causes infectious enteritis (Johne's disease) in ruminants such as cows, sheep, and goats, and wild birds and animals. At present, there is no effective vaccine or treatment for Mycobacterium avium, and although measures such as keeping the rearing environment clean and early detection and isolation of infected animals are taken, the effects are not sufficient.

そこで、本実施の形態による病原菌の消毒方法は、当該病原菌3に対して、まず、図1(a)に示すように、アルカリ性液を含む第一液1を十分量接触させることで、病原菌3の細胞壁8に含まれる保護物質を溶かして除去し、抵抗性を低下させる第一工程と、図1(b)に示すように、この第一工程において第一液(アルカリ性液)1を接触させてから所定時間以上経過した後の病原菌3に対してさらに酸性液又は中性液を含む第二液2を接触させることで、消毒(殺菌)する第二工程と、を含む。つまり、「所定時間」は、病原菌3に応じて設定される時間であり、病原菌3の細胞壁8に含まれる保護物質を所定以上取り除くのに必要な、例えば数十秒~数分、例えば5分以下の予め決められた時間とする。なお、第二工程については、第二液2を接触させた病原菌3に対して、第一工程よりも短時間で、基本的に瞬時に殺菌、消毒効果が生じる。 The method for disinfecting pathogens according to this embodiment includes a first step in which a sufficient amount of a first liquid 1 containing an alkaline liquid is brought into contact with the pathogens 3 as shown in FIG. 1(a) to dissolve and remove protective substances contained in the cell walls 8 of the pathogens 3, thereby reducing resistance, and a second step in which a second liquid 2 containing an acidic or neutral liquid is brought into contact with the pathogens 3 after a predetermined time or more has elapsed since the first liquid (alkaline liquid) 1 was brought into contact with the pathogens 3 in the first step, thereby disinfecting (killing) the pathogens. In other words, the "predetermined time" is a time set according to the pathogens 3, and is a predetermined time, for example, several tens of seconds to several minutes, for example, 5 minutes or less, that is required to remove a predetermined amount of protective substances contained in the cell walls 8 of the pathogens 3. In addition, in the second step, the sterilization and disinfection effect is basically instantaneous, and is shorter than the first step, in the pathogens 3 that have been brought into contact with the second liquid 2.

このように、アルカリ性液を用いて細胞壁8に含まれる脂質等の保護物質を除去して保護物質による消毒に対する耐性効果を低下させた病原菌3に対して、酸性液又は中性液を用いて消毒をすることにより、毒性が低く、少ない環境負荷で当該病原菌3を効果的に消毒できる。特に、酸性液は、保護物質が除去された病原菌3の細胞膜6,7を透過し、内部の核4、タンパク質、膜輸送系等を酸化作用により破壊し細胞を分断するので、中性液よりも病原菌3の消毒効果が大きい。 In this way, by using an acidic or neutral liquid to disinfect pathogens 3 whose resistance to disinfection by protective substances has been reduced by removing protective substances such as lipids contained in the cell walls 8 using an alkaline liquid, the pathogens 3 can be effectively disinfected with low toxicity and little environmental load. In particular, an acidic liquid permeates the cell membranes 6, 7 of the pathogens 3 from which protective substances have been removed, destroying the internal nucleus 4, proteins, membrane transport system, etc. through an oxidative action and dividing the cells, and therefore has a greater disinfecting effect on pathogens 3 than a neutral liquid.

また、「所定時間」は、数分以下の予め決められた時間であるため、短時間での消毒が可能になる。例えば、施設等の広範囲を消毒する場合等、アルカリ性液の接触開始から範囲全体への接触が終了するまでの時間が所定時間以上掛かる消毒対象であれば、第一工程が終了した時点で、最初にアルカリ性液を接触させた部分から順次病原菌3の細胞壁8に含まれる保護物質の除去が進んでいるので、実質的に待機時間が生じることなくそのまま第二工程に移行することが可能になる。 In addition, the "predetermined time" is a predetermined time of a few minutes or less, making it possible to disinfect in a short time. For example, if the disinfection target is one that takes more than a predetermined time from the start of contact with the alkaline liquid to the end of contact with the entire area, such as when disinfecting a wide area of a facility, once the first step is completed, the protective substances contained in the cell walls 8 of the pathogens 3 will have been removed successively from the area that was first contacted with the alkaline liquid, making it possible to move directly to the second step without any substantial waiting time.

また、第一液1に含まれるアルカリ性液と第二液2に含まれる酸性液とは、塩化ナトリウム水溶液あるいは塩酸等の被電解水を電気分解する同一の電解装置での電気分解反応によって陰極側と陽極側とにそれぞれアルカリ性電解水および次亜塩素酸水として製造し別個に取り出すことができるため、消毒剤の製造が容易で、安価な消毒剤を提供できる。第二液2に中性液を含むものを用いる場合でも、中性液は、同一の電解装置での電気分解反応によって製造されたアルカリ性電解水と酸性電解水との混合により中性電解水として容易に製造できるため、消毒剤の製造が容易で、安価な消毒剤を提供できる。 The alkaline liquid contained in the first liquid 1 and the acid liquid contained in the second liquid 2 can be produced as alkaline electrolyzed water and hypochlorous acid water on the cathode and anode sides, respectively, by electrolysis reaction in the same electrolysis device that electrolyzes the water to be electrolyzed, such as a sodium chloride aqueous solution or hydrochloric acid, and can be taken out separately, making it easy to produce a disinfectant and providing an inexpensive disinfectant. Even if a neutral liquid is used as the second liquid 2, the neutral liquid can be easily produced as neutral electrolyzed water by mixing the alkaline electrolyzed water and acidic electrolyzed water produced by electrolysis reaction in the same electrolysis device, making it easy to produce a disinfectant and providing an inexpensive disinfectant.

特に、アルカリ性電解水および次亜塩素酸水を、無塩型又は低塩型の電解水とすることで、消毒に使用した後の消毒液による塩害を防止できる。 In particular, by using salt-free or low-salt alkaline electrolyzed water and hypochlorous acid water, salt damage caused by the disinfectant after it has been used for disinfection can be prevented.

そして、上記の消毒剤は、第一液1および第二液2のそれぞれについて、ヒトや動物への毒性が低く、環境負荷が小さいため、例えば畜産農場において、手指、衣服、靴、物品、車両、施設等の定期的な消毒・除菌処理に利用しやすく、踏込消毒槽や施設内の洗浄、散布、あるいは病原菌の住処である土や堆肥に対して噴霧する等して好適に用いることができる。 The above disinfectants, the first liquid 1 and the second liquid 2, each have low toxicity to humans and animals and have a small environmental impact, and therefore can be easily used, for example, on livestock farms for regular disinfection and sterilization of hands, clothes, shoes, objects, vehicles, facilities, etc., and can be suitably used for cleaning or spraying inside step-in disinfection tanks and facilities, or spraying on soil and compost, which are habitats for pathogens.

1 第一液
2 第二液
3 病原菌
8 細胞壁
1 First liquid 2 Second liquid 3 Pathogen 8 Cell wall

Claims (4)

細胞壁に保護物質を含む病原菌を消毒する病原菌の消毒方法であって、
前記病原菌に対してアルカリ性液を接触させる第一工程と、
前記アルカリ性液を接触させてから所定時間以上経過後の前記病原菌に対して酸性液又は中性液を接触させる第二工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする病原菌の消毒方法。
A method for disinfecting pathogens that contain a protective substance in their cell walls, comprising:
A first step of contacting the pathogen with an alkaline liquid;
a second step of contacting the pathogen with an acidic or neutral liquid after a predetermined time has elapsed since the contact with the alkaline liquid;
A method for disinfecting pathogens, comprising:
細胞壁に保護物質を含む病原菌を消毒する病原菌の消毒方法であって、
前記病原菌に対してアルカリ性液を接触させる第一工程と、
前記アルカリ性液を接触させてから所定時間以上経過後の前記病原菌に対して酸性液を接触させる第二工程と、を備え、
前記第一工程で用いる前記アルカリ性液は、被電解水を電気分解する電解装置の陰極側から得られるアルカリ性電解水であり、
前記第二工程で用いる前記酸性液は、前記電解装置の陽極側から得られる次亜塩素酸水である
ことを特徴とする病原菌の消毒方法。
A method for disinfecting pathogens that contain a protective substance in their cell walls, comprising:
a first step of contacting the pathogen with an alkaline liquid;
A second step of contacting the pathogen with an acidic liquid after a predetermined time has elapsed since the contact with the alkaline liquid,
The alkaline liquid used in the first step is alkaline electrolyzed water obtained from the cathode side of an electrolysis device that electrolyzes water to be electrolyzed,
The method for disinfecting pathogens, wherein the acidic solution used in the second step is hypochlorous acid water obtained from the anode side of the electrolysis device.
アルカリ性電解水および次亜塩素酸水は、それぞれ無塩型又は低塩型の電解水である
ことを特徴とする請求項2記載の病原菌の消毒方法。
The method for disinfecting pathogens according to claim 2, wherein the alkaline electrolyzed water and the hypochlorous acid water are each a salt-free or low-salt electrolyzed water.
請求項1又は2に用いる病原菌の消毒剤であって、
アルカリ性液を主成分とする第一液と、
酸性液又は中性液を主成分とする第二液と、を有する
ことを特徴とする病原菌の消毒剤。
A disinfectant for pathogens according to claim 1 or 2,
A first liquid containing an alkaline liquid as a main component;
A disinfectant for pathogens, comprising: a second liquid having an acidic liquid or a neutral liquid as a main component.
JP2022159417A 2022-10-03 2022-10-03 Method for disinfecting pathogens and disinfectant for pathogens Pending JP2024053277A (en)

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