JP2024004925A - Measuring apparatus and measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

To accurately and efficiently measure an outer diameter or an inner diameter of a workpiece.SOLUTION: A measuring apparatus 1 includes an inner diameter measuring part 10 for measuring an inner diameter d of an annular workpiece W, a thickness measuring part 30 for measuring thickness t in a radial direction R of the workpiece W, and an outer diameter calculation part 40 for calculating an outer diameter D of the workpiece W, on the basis of the measured value of the inner diameter d of the workpiece W measured by the inner diameter measuring part 10 and the measured value of the thickness t of the workpiece W measured by the thickness measuring part 30. The inner diameter measuring part 10 is composed of a first gauge 51 and a second gauge 52 which are arranged on opposite sides relative to a central axis Wa of the workpiece W and face the inner diameter d of the workpiece W. The thickness measuring part 30 is composed of the first gauge 51, and a third gauge 53 which faces the first gauge 51 through the thickness t of the workpiece W in the radial direction R of the workpiece W and faces the outer diameter D of the workpiece W.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present disclosure relates to a measuring device and a measuring method.

Various techniques are known for measuring the outer or inner diameter of annular workpieces. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an in-process sizing control method when machining the inner diameter or outer diameter of an annular workpiece. In this method, before starting machining, the outer diameter as the diameter of the non-machined surface in the standard state is measured in advance, and during machining, the wall thickness dimension is measured with an in-process gauge, and the workpiece is machined based on both measured values. Calculate the inner diameter as the diameter of the face moment by moment.

The outer diameter as the diameter of the non-machined surface of the annular workpiece is precisely and precisely measured in advance in a measurement chamber in a standard state, and is stored in an outer diameter size memory.

JP-A-58-171260 (especially pages 3 and 4 and Figure 1)

In Patent Document 1, the diameter (inner diameter) of the processed surface of the workpiece is not directly measured, but is measured based on the diameter dimension of the non-processed surface (outer diameter) of the workpiece and the wall thickness dimension of the workpiece. Thereby, measurement errors due to distortion of the workpiece during processing can be reduced, and the diameter (inner diameter) of the processed surface of the workpiece can be measured with higher accuracy.

However, in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to precisely measure the diameter (outer diameter) of the unprocessed surface of the workpiece in a standard state in a measurement chamber. That is, before measuring the diameter (outer diameter) of the unprocessed surface of the workpiece, it is necessary to remove the workpiece from the machine tool, and after measuring the diameter (outer diameter), it is necessary to reinstall the workpiece into the machine tool.

Then, when the workpiece is attached to the machine tool, machining of the workpiece is resumed. During processing of the workpiece, while measuring the wall thickness dimension of the workpiece, the diameter (inner diameter) of the workpiece surface to be processed is measured based on the diameter (outer diameter) of the non-processed surface of the workpiece and the wall thickness dimension of the workpiece. .

In Patent Document 1, the work is required to be attached to and removed from the machine tool before and after measuring the diameter (outer diameter) of the non-machined surface of the work, so it takes time and effort to process the work and measure the dimensions of the work. It takes a lot of time and is inefficient.

The present disclosure has been made in view of this point, and its purpose is to accurately and efficiently measure the outer diameter or inner diameter of a workpiece.

A measuring device according to the present disclosure includes: a diameter measuring section that measures one of an outer diameter and an inner diameter of an annular workpiece; a wall thickness measuring section that measures a wall thickness of the workpiece in a radial direction; a second diameter calculating section that calculates the other of the outer diameter and inner diameter of the workpiece based on the measured value of the one diameter by the diameter measuring section and the measured value of the wall thickness by the wall thickness measuring section; The one diameter measuring section is composed of a first gauge and a second gauge that are arranged on opposite sides with respect to the center of the workpiece and facing the one diameter, and the wall thickness measuring section is configured to and a third gauge that faces the first gauge in the radial direction through the thickness of the workpiece and faces the other diameter.

During machining of a workpiece, the tool is pressed against the workpiece, which causes the workpiece to bend, especially if the workpiece is thin and easily deformed. For this reason, even if an attempt is made to directly measure the outer diameter or inner diameter of the workpiece during processing, the outer diameter or inner diameter of the workpiece cannot be accurately measured. On the other hand, even if the tool is pressed against the workpiece, the thickness of the workpiece hardly changes.

According to this configuration, the other diameter of the workpiece is calculated based on the diameter of one side of the workpiece measured before machining and the wall thickness of the workpiece measured during machining. Thereby, the diameter of the other side of the workpiece can be measured with high accuracy during processing of the workpiece.

Further, one diameter of the workpiece is measured by the first gauge and the second gauge, and the wall thickness of the workpiece is measured by the first gauge and the third gauge. That is, by simply changing the combination of gauges, it is possible to switch between measuring the diameter of one side of the workpiece and measuring the wall thickness of the workpiece. Therefore, the diameter and wall thickness of one side of the workpiece can be efficiently measured during the machining cycle (without unnecessary work such as attaching and detaching the workpiece to and from the machine tool).

As described above, the outer diameter or inner diameter of the workpiece can be measured accurately and efficiently.

In one embodiment, the other diameter measuring section further includes a second diameter measuring section that measures the other diameter, and the second diameter measuring section connects the third gauge to the second gauge through the wall thickness of the workpiece in the radial direction. and a fourth gauge facing the other diameter.

According to this configuration, for example, when the workpiece is thick and difficult to deform, the diameter of the other side of the workpiece can be easily measured by directly measuring the diameter of the other side of the workpiece using the third and fourth gauges. can do.

In one embodiment, the one diameter is an inner diameter, the other diameter is an outer diameter, and the first gauge, the second gauge, and the third gauge are a tool for the outer diameter of the workpiece. They are arranged side by side along the direction intersecting the pressing direction.

When the tool is pressed against the outer diameter of the workpiece, the workpiece stretches in a direction intersecting the pressing direction. That is, the first gauge, the second gauge, and the third gauge are arranged along the elongation direction of the workpiece. If an attempt was made to directly measure the outer diameter of the workpiece along the elongation direction, the measurement error due to the elongation of the workpiece would increase. On the other hand, the wall thickness of the workpiece is hardly affected by the elongation of the workpiece.

According to this configuration, since the outer diameter of the workpiece is calculated based on the inner diameter of the workpiece and the wall thickness of the workpiece, the first gauge, the second gauge, and the third gauge are arranged side by side along the elongation direction of the workpiece. Even if the workpiece is stretched, the outer diameter of the workpiece can be measured with high accuracy without being affected by the elongation of the workpiece. That is, the degree of freedom in arranging the gauges can be increased.

The measuring method according to the present disclosure includes a diameter measuring step of measuring one of the outer diameter and inner diameter of an annular workpiece before processing the workpiece, and measuring the wall thickness of the workpiece in the radial direction. a wall thickness measurement step in which the inner diameter is measured, a measurement value of the one diameter measured before the processing in the one diameter measurement step, and a measurement value of the wall thickness measured during the processing in the wall thickness measurement step. a second diameter calculation step of calculating the other of the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the workpiece based on the above, and in the one diameter measurement step, the one diameter is on opposite sides of the center of the workpiece. The thickness is measured by a first gauge and a second gauge which are arranged in the direction of the workpiece in the radial direction, and in the wall thickness measurement step, the wall thickness is measured by the first gauge and the wall thickness of the workpiece in the radial direction. and a third gauge that faces the first gauge across the thickness and faces the other diameter.

According to the present disclosure, the outer diameter or inner diameter of a workpiece can be measured accurately and efficiently.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a measuring device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 1 according to the second embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail based on the drawings. The following description of preferred embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the present disclosure, its applications, or its uses.

<First embodiment>
(measuring device)
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a measuring device 1. As shown in FIG. The measuring device 1 is installed in a grinding machine (not shown) as a machine tool. The measuring device 1 is mainly used to measure the outer diameter D of an annular (ring-shaped) work W. The workpiece W has, for example, an annular shape.

The workpiece W is held at one end in the axial direction by a chuck (not shown) of a grinding machine. The workpiece W gripped by the chuck is rotated around the central axis Wa by driving a main shaft (not shown). The outer diameter D of the workpiece W is supported by two shoes 2 and 3. The grinding machine is a so-called shoe centerless type. The grinding machine is capable of multiple machining of the workpiece W.

An outer diameter grinding wheel 4 serving as a tool is pressed against the outer diameter D of the workpiece W. The outer diameter grinding wheel 4 is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the workpiece W. The outer diameter grinding wheel 4 rotates around a central axis 4a. The rotational direction Wb of the workpiece W and the rotational direction 4b of the outer diameter grinding wheel 4 are opposite to each other.

Similarly, an inner diameter grinding wheel 5 as a tool is pressed against the inner diameter d of the workpiece W. The inner diameter grinding wheel 5 is arranged on the inner circumferential side of the workpiece W.

The measuring device 1 includes an inner diameter measuring section (one diameter measuring section) 10, an outer diameter measuring section (the other diameter measuring section) 20, a wall thickness measuring section 30, an outer diameter calculating section (the other diameter calculating section) 40, Equipped with The measuring device 1 also includes a first gauge 51, a second gauge 52, a third gauge 53, and a fourth gauge 54.

Each of the gauges 51 to 54 is, for example, a known contact type sensor. Each of the gauges 51 to 54 itself measures the amount of displacement from a reference point (zero point). The reference point is set (zero set) by the master work. For example, a contact sensor has a built-in extendable spindle. Note that each of the gauges 51 to 54 may be a non-contact type sensor such as an eddy current type, an optical type, an ultrasonic type, or a laser type.

The first gauge 51 and the second gauge 52 are generally used to measure the inner diameter d, which is one of the outer diameter D and the inner diameter d of the workpiece W. The first gauge 51 and the second gauge 52 are arranged on opposite sides of the central axis Wa of the work W. The first gauge 51 and the second gauge 52 face the inner diameter (one diameter) d of the workpiece W.

The third gauge 53 and the fourth gauge 54 are usually used to measure the outer diameter D, which is the other of the outer diameter D and the inner diameter d of the workpiece W. The third gauge 53 and the fourth gauge 54 are arranged on opposite sides of the central axis Wa of the workpiece W.

The third gauge 53 faces the first gauge 51 in the radial direction R of the workpiece W, with the thickness t of the workpiece W interposed therebetween. The third gauge 53 faces the outer diameter (the other diameter) D of the workpiece W.

The fourth gauge 54 faces the second gauge 52 in the radial direction R of the workpiece W, with the wall thickness t of the workpiece W interposed therebetween. The fourth gauge 54 faces the outer diameter (the other diameter) D of the workpiece W.

The first gauge 51 (third gauge 53) and the second gauge 52 (fourth gauge 54) do not necessarily have to be arranged 180° exactly opposite to each other with respect to the central axis Wa of the workpiece W, but may be slightly deviated from 180°. You can.

By combining the first gauge 51 and the second gauge 52, the inner diameter d of the workpiece W can be measured. When the third gauge 53 and the fourth gauge 54 are combined, the outer diameter D of the workpiece W can be measured. By combining the first gauge 51 and the third gauge 53, it becomes possible to measure the wall thickness t of the work W in the radial direction R. When the second gauge 52 and the fourth gauge 54 are combined, the thickness t of the workpiece W in the radial direction R can be measured.

Here, when the outer diameter side grinding wheel 4 is pressed in the pressing direction A against the outer diameter D of the workpiece W, the workpiece W is deformed by being sandwiched between the outer diameter side grinding wheel 4 and the two shoes 2 and 3. do. Then, the workpiece W largely extends in a direction in which the outer diameter grinding wheel 4 and the two shoes 2 and 3 do not exist (hereinafter referred to as "stretching direction B"). The stretching direction B is a direction intersecting the pressing direction A, for example, a direction B perpendicular to the pressing direction A.

Note that the pressing direction A is also the direction in which the outer diameter side grinding wheel 4 moves with respect to the outer diameter D of the workpiece W. The first gauge 51, the second gauge 52, the third gauge 53, and the fourth gauge 54 may be arranged side by side along the stretching direction B.

The inner diameter measuring section 10 is composed of a first gauge 51 and a second gauge 52, and measures the inner diameter d of the workpiece W. The outer diameter measuring section 20 includes a third gauge 53 and a fourth gauge 54, and measures the outer diameter D of the workpiece W.

The wall thickness measuring section 30 includes a first gauge 51 and a third gauge 53, and measures the wall thickness t of the workpiece W in the radial direction R. Note that the wall thickness measuring section 30 may include a second gauge 52 and a fourth gauge 54.

The outer diameter calculation section 40 is composed of a microcomputer and a program, and is built into the grinding machine. The outer diameter calculating section 40 is electrically connected to each of the gauges 51-54, and receives signals from each of the gauges 51-54.

The outer diameter calculating section 40 calculates the measured value of the inner diameter d of the workpiece W measured by the inner diameter measuring section 10 (the first gauge 51 and the second gauge 52) and the wall thickness measuring section 30 (the first gauge 51 and the third gauge 53). ) The outer diameter D of the workpiece W is calculated based on the measured value of the wall thickness t of the workpiece W (D=d+2t).

(Measuring method)
A measurement method using the measurement device 1 will be explained. In the measuring method using the measuring device 1, it is possible to calculate the outer diameter D based on the inner diameter d and the wall thickness t, and it is also possible to directly measure the outer diameter D as usual.

The measurement method includes a preparation step, an inner diameter measurement step as one diameter measurement step, a wall thickness measurement step, an outer diameter calculation step as the other diameter calculation step, and a completion step. The measurement method is applied particularly when the workpiece W is thin and easily deformed.

First, in a preparation step, preparations are made to measure the inner diameter d of the workpiece W. Specifically, turning the inner diameter d and outer diameter D of the workpiece W using a lathe, heat treating the workpiece W, grinding the end face of the workpiece W using a grinder, rough grinding the outer diameter D of the workpiece W using a grinder, and grinding the workpiece W using a grinder. Rough grinding of the inner diameter d of the workpiece W is performed.

Next, in the inner diameter measurement process, finish grinding as processing of the workpiece W is not yet performed. In the inner diameter measuring step, the inner diameter d of the workpiece W is measured by the inner diameter measuring section 10 (first gauge 51 and second gauge 52) before finishing grinding of the workpiece W.

Next, in the wall thickness measurement process, finish grinding of the outer diameter D of the workpiece W is performed by the outer diameter side grinding wheel 4. In the wall thickness measurement step, the wall thickness t of the workpiece W in the radial direction R is measured by the wall thickness measurement unit 30 (first gauge 51 and third gauge 53) during finish grinding of the outer diameter D of the workpiece W. .

Next, in the outer diameter calculation step, finish grinding of the outer diameter D of the workpiece W by the outer diameter side grinding wheel 4 is continued. In the outer diameter calculation step, based on the measured value of the inner diameter d of the workpiece W measured before finish grinding in the inner diameter measurement step and the measured value of the wall thickness t of the workpiece W measured during finish grinding in the wall thickness measurement step. , the outer diameter D of the workpiece W is calculated during finish grinding of the workpiece W (D=d+2t).

Finally, in the completion step, finish grinding (processing) of the inner diameter d of the workpiece W is performed by the inner diameter grinding wheel 5.

Note that when the workpiece W is thick and difficult to deform, the outer diameter D of the workpiece W may be directly measured by the outer diameter measuring section 20 (the third gauge 53 and the fourth gauge 54).

(effect)
During finish grinding of the workpiece W, the outer diameter side grinding wheel 4 is pressed against the outer diameter D of the workpiece W, so the workpiece W is bent, especially when the workpiece W is thin and easily deformed (see 2 in Fig. 1). (See dot-dashed line). For this reason, even if an attempt is made to directly measure the outer diameter D of the workpiece W during finish grinding of the workpiece W, the outer diameter D of the workpiece W cannot be accurately measured. On the other hand, even if the outer diameter side grinding wheel 4 is pressed against the outer diameter D of the workpiece W, the wall thickness t of the workpiece W hardly changes.

According to this embodiment, the outer diameter D of the workpiece W is determined based on the inner diameter d of the workpiece W measured before finish grinding of the workpiece W and the wall thickness t of the workpiece W measured during finish grinding of the workpiece W. Calculate (D=d+2t). Thereby, the outer diameter D of the workpiece W can be measured with high accuracy during finish grinding of the workpiece W.

Further, the inner diameter d of the workpiece W is measured by the first gauge 51 and the second gauge 52 (inner diameter measuring section 10), and the wall thickness of the workpiece W is measured by the first gauge 51 and the third gauge 53 (thickness measuring section 30). Measure t. That is, simply by changing the combination of the gauges 51 to 54, it is possible to switch between measuring the inner diameter d of the workpiece W and measuring the wall thickness t of the workpiece W.

Therefore, the inner diameter d and wall thickness t of the workpiece W can be efficiently measured during the machining cycle (without unnecessary work such as attaching and detaching the workpiece W to the grinder).

As described above, the outer diameter D of the workpiece W can be measured accurately and efficiently.

When the workpiece W is thick and difficult to deform, the outer diameter of the workpiece W can be determined by directly measuring the outer diameter D of the workpiece W using the third gauge 53 and the fourth gauge 54 (outer diameter measuring section 20). D can be easily measured.

When the outer diameter side grinding wheel 4 is pressed against the outer diameter D of the workpiece W, the workpiece W is elongated in an elongation direction B orthogonal to the pressing direction A. Here, the first gauge 51, the second gauge 52, the third gauge 53, and the fourth gauge 54 are arranged along the stretching direction B of the workpiece W.

If it is attempted to directly measure the outer diameter D of the workpiece W along the elongation direction B using the third gauge 53 and the fourth gauge 54, the measurement error due to the elongation of the workpiece W will increase. On the other hand, the wall thickness t of the work W is hardly affected by the elongation of the work W.

In this embodiment, the outer diameter D of the workpiece W is calculated based on the inner diameter d of the workpiece W and the wall thickness t of the workpiece W, so the first gauge 51, the second gauge 52, the third gauge 53, and the fourth gauge 54 are arranged side by side along the elongation direction B of the workpiece W, the outer diameter D of the workpiece W can be measured with high accuracy almost unaffected by the elongation of the workpiece W. That is, the degree of freedom in arranging the gauges 51 to 54 can be increased.

<Second embodiment>
As shown in FIG. 2, the measuring device 1 according to the second embodiment is substantially the same as the measuring device 1 according to the first embodiment, except that the combination of gauges 51 to 54 is changed (reference numeral The arrangement of 51 to 54 is different between FIG. 1 and FIG. 2).

The measuring device 1 includes an outer diameter measuring section 10 that measures the outer diameter D of an annular workpiece W, a wall thickness measuring section 30 that measures the wall thickness t of the workpiece W in the radial direction R, and a workpiece that is measured by the outer diameter measuring section 10. An inner diameter calculating section 40 that calculates the inner diameter d of the workpiece W based on the measured value of the outer diameter D of the workpiece W and the measured value of the wall thickness t of the workpiece W by the wall thickness measuring section 30 is provided.

The outer diameter measuring section 10 includes a first gauge 51 and a second gauge 52 that are arranged on opposite sides of the central axis Wa of the workpiece W and face the outer diameter D of the workpiece W.

The wall thickness measurement unit 30 includes a first gauge 51, a third gauge 53 that faces the first gauge 51 in the radial direction R of the workpiece W through the wall thickness t of the workpiece W, and faces the inner diameter d of the workpiece W. It is made up of.

The measuring device 1 may further include an inner diameter measuring section 20 that directly measures the inner diameter d of the workpiece W. The inner diameter measuring section 20 includes a third gauge 53 and a fourth gauge 54 that faces the second gauge 52 in the radial direction R of the workpiece W through the wall thickness t of the workpiece W and faces the inner diameter d of the workpiece W. It is configured.

The measuring method according to another embodiment includes an outer diameter measuring step of measuring the outer diameter D of the annular workpiece W before finish grinding the workpiece W, and measuring the wall thickness t in the radial direction R of the workpiece W before finish grinding the workpiece W. In the wall thickness measurement step, the outer diameter D of the workpiece W measured before finish grinding in the outer diameter measurement step, and the wall thickness t of the workpiece W measured during finish grinding in the wall thickness measurement step. and an inner diameter calculation step of calculating the inner diameter d of the workpiece W based on the measured value.

In the outer diameter measurement step, the outer diameter D of the workpiece W is measured by a first gauge 51 and a second gauge 52 that are arranged on opposite sides of the central axis Wa of the workpiece W and face the outer diameter D of the workpiece W. .

In the wall thickness measurement process, the wall thickness t of the workpiece W is determined by the distance between the first gauge 51 and the inner diameter d of the workpiece W, which is opposite to the first gauge 51 through the wall thickness t of the workpiece W in the radial direction R of the workpiece W. It is measured by the facing third gauge 53.

<Other embodiments>
Although the present disclosure has been described above using preferred embodiments, such descriptions are not limiting, and of course, various modifications are possible.

The stretching direction B does not necessarily need to be perpendicular to the pressing direction A, and may intersect diagonally. On the other hand, the diameter calculating section 40 may not be built into the grinding machine, but may be provided independently from the grinding machine. The measuring device 1 may be introduced into a machine tool other than a grinding machine (for example, a lathe).

There is no need to have four gauges, just three at least. That is, a combination of three gauges in total, two on the inner diameter side and one on the outer diameter side, or a combination of three gauges in total, one on the inner diameter side and two on the outer diameter side, may be used.

The present disclosure can be applied to measuring devices and measuring methods, so it is extremely useful and has high industrial applicability.

d Inner diameter D Outer diameter t Wall thickness W Workpiece Wa Center axis Wb Rotating direction R Radial direction A Pressing direction B Elongation direction 1 Measuring device 2 Shoe 3 Shoe 4 Outer diameter grinding wheel (tool)
4a Central axis (center)
4b Rotation direction 5 Inner diameter grinding wheel (tool)
10 Inner diameter measuring section (outer diameter measuring section, one diameter measuring section)
20 Outer diameter measuring section (inner diameter measuring section, other diameter measuring section)
30 Wall thickness measurement section 40 Outer diameter calculation section (inner diameter calculation section, other diameter calculation section)
51 1st gauge 52 2nd gauge 53 3rd gauge 54 4th gauge

Claims (4)

a diameter measuring part that measures one of the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the annular workpiece;
a wall thickness measurement unit that measures the wall thickness of the workpiece in the radial direction;
a second diameter calculating section that calculates the other of the outer diameter and inner diameter of the workpiece based on the measured value of the one diameter by the one diameter measuring section and the measured value of the wall thickness by the wall thickness measuring section; and,
The one diameter measuring section is composed of a first gauge and a second gauge that are arranged on opposite sides with respect to the center of the workpiece and face the one diameter,
The wall thickness measuring section includes the first gauge and a third gauge that faces the first gauge through the wall thickness of the workpiece in the radial direction and faces the other diameter. ,measuring device. The measuring device according to claim 1,
Further comprising a second diameter measuring section that measures the diameter of the other diameter,
The other diameter measuring section includes the third gauge and a fourth gauge that faces the second gauge through the wall thickness of the workpiece in the radial direction and faces the other diameter. ,measuring device. The measuring device according to claim 1,
The one diameter is an inner diameter,
The other diameter is an outer diameter,
The first gauge, the second gauge, and the third gauge are arranged side by side along a direction intersecting a direction in which a tool presses the outer diameter of the workpiece. a diameter measuring step of measuring one of the outer diameter and inner diameter of the annular workpiece before processing the workpiece;
a wall thickness measuring step of measuring the wall thickness of the workpiece in the radial direction while processing the workpiece;
Based on the measured value of the one diameter measured before the processing in the one diameter measuring step and the measured value of the wall thickness measured during the processing in the thickness measuring step, a second diameter calculation step of calculating the other diameter of the inner diameters,
In the one diameter measuring step, the one diameter is measured by a first gauge and a second gauge that are arranged on opposite sides with respect to the center of the workpiece and face the one diameter,
In the wall thickness measurement step, the wall thickness is determined by the first gauge, and a third gauge that faces the first gauge in the radial direction through the wall thickness of the workpiece and faces the other diameter; Measured by, measurement method.