JP2023538463A - がん及び自己免疫疾患及び炎症性疾患を治療する方法 - Google Patents
がん及び自己免疫疾患及び炎症性疾患を治療する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
- 造血幹前駆細胞(HSPC)を提供するステップ、
- 標的細胞上の抗原を認識する細胞外抗原認識ドメインを含む外因性構築物で前記HSPCを形質転換するステップ、
- 典型的には1つ以上のサイトカイン、増殖因子、インターフェロン(IFN)及び/又はアリール炭化水素受容体(AHR)アンタゴニスト(例えばステムレゲニン-1)を含み得る、1つ以上の培地中で前記HSPCをインキュベートするステップであって、それにより、前記HSPCは前駆体pDCに及びpDCに分化する、ステップ
を含む、操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞(pDC)を産生する方法を提供する。
- 造血幹前駆細胞(HSPC)を提供するステップ、
- 典型的には1つ以上のサイトカイン、増殖因子、インターフェロン(IFN)及び/又はアリール炭化水素受容体(AHR)アンタゴニスト(例えばステムレゲニン-1)を含み得る、1つ以上の培地中で前記HSPCをインキュベートするステップであって、それにより、前記HSPCは前駆体pDCに及びpDCに分化する、ステップ、
- 標的細胞上の抗原を認識する細胞外抗原認識ドメインを含む外因性構築物で前記pDCを形質転換するステップ
を含む、操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞(pDC)を産生する方法を提供する。
本発明は、標的細胞上の抗原を認識する細胞外抗原認識ドメインを含む外因性構築物をそれらの表面上に発現する、操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞、及びこのような細胞を使用して疾患を治療する方法を提供し、細胞は、細胞外抗原認識ドメインが標的細胞に結合すると免疫応答を活性化する。外因性構築物は、細胞が、特定の標的細胞を認識して結合し、結合すると免疫応答を活性化することを可能にする。好ましい実施形態では、外因性構築物は、膜貫通ドメインと、細胞外抗原認識ドメインが標的細胞に結合すると細胞において免疫応答を活性化する細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインとをさらに含む。
a)抗CD19 scFvである細胞外抗原認識ドメイン、
b)CD8膜貫通ドメイン、
c)4-1BB細胞内シグナル伝達ドメイン、
d)CD3z細胞内シグナル伝達ドメイン、及び
e)BGHポリ(A)細胞内シグナル伝達ドメイン、
又は(a)~(e)の2つ以上、例えば(a)~(e)の3つ又は4つ
を含む、キメラ抗原受容体である。
a)プロモーター、例えばPGK、
b)抗CD19 scFvである細胞外抗原認識ドメイン、
c)NOTCH1
d)Gal4-VP64転写因子、及び
e)任意選択で、ウッドチャック肝炎ウイルス(WHV)転写後調節要素(WPRE)
を含む、synNotch受容体であり、
操作された細胞はまた、
a)synNotch受容体中の転写因子に応答するプロモーター、例えば、Gal4に対する標的配列である5xUAS要素が先行する最小CMVプロモーター、
b)IL-12、
c)IRES、
d)マーカー、例えばmCherry、
e)プロモーター、例えばPGKと、それに続くレポーター、例えばtBFP、及び
f)任意選択で、ウッドチャック肝炎ウイルス(WHV)転写後調節要素(WPRE)
を含む、応答要素を含む。
本発明で使用するための操作された細胞は、形質細胞様樹状細胞(pDC)である。形質細胞様樹状細胞(pDC)は、免疫系において多面的な役割を有し、これにより、それらは、本発明の標的化治療に大いに適応可能なものとなる。pDCは、免疫応答を開始するだけでなく、外因性抗原及び内因性抗原に対する寛容性を誘導する能力も有する、細胞性免疫における重要なエフェクターである(Swiecki, and Colonna, Nat Rev Immunol, 2015. 15(8))。pDCは、従来のDCとは異なる。なぜならば、それらの発生の最終段階が骨髄内で生じ、それらの抗原が、受容体媒介性エンドサイトーシスによって取り込まれ、それらが、高レベルのインターフェロン調節因子7を発現し、また、それらが、主にtoll様受容体(TLR)7及び9を介して病原体を感知するからである(Swiecki and Colonna, Nat Rev Immunol, 2015. 15(8)、及びTangand Cattral, Cell Mol Life Sci, 2016)。これらのパターン認識受容体を介して、病原体の核酸は、pDCを活性化して、高レベルのI型インターフェロン(IFN)を産生することができる。こうして、活性化されたpDCは、抗原提示細胞(APC)活性と組み合わされたサイトカイン産生を介して、自然免疫系と適応免疫系とをつなぐ。さらに、pDC機能性はまた、感染中に抗ウイルス状態を達成し、ワクチン接種の状況で重要なアジュバント活性を提供するために、また、活性化の際の免疫原性抗腫瘍応答を促進するために不可欠である(Swiecki, and Colonna, Nat Rev Immunol, 2015. 15(8)、Tovey, et al. Biol Chem, 2008. 389(5)、及びRajagopal, et al. Blood, 2010. 115(10): p. 1949-57)。しかし、pDCの過度の活性化は、ウイルス感染、自己免疫疾患及び腫瘍形成を含む、いくつかの疾患の病因と関連しているため、微妙なバランスが維持されなければならない(Swiecki and Colonna, Nat Rev Immunol, 2015. 15(8)、及びTang and Cattral, Cell Mol Life Sci, 2016)。
本発明は、操作された細胞を対象に投与するステップを含む、対象における疾患を治療する方法であって、細胞が、標的細胞上の抗原を認識する細胞外抗原認識ドメインを含む外因性構築物をその表面上に発現し、細胞が、細胞外抗原認識ドメインが標的細胞に結合すると免疫応答を活性化し、かつ細胞が、形質細胞様樹状細胞である、方法を提供する。したがって、本発明は、新しい養子細胞療法を提供する。養子細胞療法は、エクスビボ(ex vivo)で増殖させた細胞、最も一般的には免疫由来細胞の宿主への移入であり、移入細胞の免疫学的機能性及び特徴を移入することを目的としている。養子細胞療法は、様々な免疫調節効果及び活性を有する様々な移入免疫細胞を使用するが、がん及び自己免疫疾患及び炎症性疾患を治療するために十分に確立されている。
本発明の好ましい実施形態では、本発明の方法及び細胞は、がんの治療に使用するためのものである。免疫調節因子を分泌し、かつ免疫阻害性の腫瘍微小環境を変化させるpDCの能力は、がんを治療するのに特に有用であることが予想される。また、がん細胞は、細胞外抗原認識ドメインによって認識され得る特定の抗原を提示し、健康な細胞を避けて腫瘍部位に標的化療法を提供する。
本発明の好ましい実施形態では、本発明の方法及び細胞は、自己免疫疾患又は炎症性疾患の治療に使用するためのものである。免疫調節因子を分泌し、かつ炎症組織又は自己免疫攻撃の部位を変化させるpDCの能力は、自己免疫疾患及び炎症性疾患を治療するのに特に有用であることが予想される。また、自己免疫疾患は、患者の免疫系によって標的とされる特定の自己抗原によって引き起こされることが多く、これらの自己抗原は、細胞外抗原認識ドメインによって認識され、炎症部位に標的化治療を提供することができる。同様に、炎症を起こしている、又は移植された特定の組織は、本発明の細胞における細胞外抗原認識ドメインを使用して標的とすることができる。
操作されたpDCは、任意の適切な方法によって生成してよい。著しい量のpDCを生成するための例示的な方法は、WO2018/206577に提供される。本発明はまた、操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞を生成する方法を提供する。
- 造血幹前駆細胞(HSPC)を提供するステップ、
- 標的細胞上の抗原を認識する細胞外抗原認識ドメインを含む外因性構築物で前記HSPCを形質転換するステップ、
- 典型的には1つ以上のサイトカイン、増殖因子、インターフェロン(IFN)及び/又はアリール炭化水素受容体(AHR)アンタゴニスト(例えばステムレゲニン-1)を含み得る、1つ以上の培地中で前記HSPCをインキュベートするステップであって、それにより、前記HSPCは前駆体pDCに及びpDCに分化する、ステップ
を含む。
- 造血幹前駆細胞(HSPC)を提供するステップ、
- 典型的には1つ以上のサイトカイン、増殖因子、インターフェロン(IFN)及び/又はアリール炭化水素受容体(AHR)アンタゴニスト(例えばステムレゲニン-1)を含み得る、1つ以上の培地中で前記HSPCをインキュベートするステップであって、それにより、前記HSPCは前駆体pDCに及びpDCに分化する、ステップ、
- 標的細胞上の抗原を認識する細胞外抗原認識ドメインを含む外因性構築物で前記pDCを形質転換するステップ
を含む。
- 造血幹前駆細胞(HSPC)を提供するステップ、
- 典型的には1つ以上のサイトカイン、増殖因子、インターフェロン(IFN)及び/又はアリール炭化水素受容体(AHR)アンタゴニスト(例えばステムレゲニン-1)を含み得る、1つ以上の培地中で前記HSPCをインキュベートするステップであって、それにより、前記HSPCは前駆体pDCに及びpDCに分化する、ステップ、及び
- 標的細胞上の抗原を認識する細胞外抗原認識ドメインを含む外因性構築物で、分化前の前記HSPCを形質転換するか、又は分化後の前記pDCを形質転換するステップ
を含む。
- 造血幹前駆細胞(HSPC)を提供するステップ、
- 標的細胞上の抗原を認識する細胞外抗原認識ドメインを含む外因性構築物で前記HSPCを形質転換するステップ、
- サイトカイン及び増殖因子を含む第1の培地中で前記HSPCをインキュベートするステップであって、それにより、前記HSPCが前駆体pDCに分化する、ステップ、
- インターフェロン(IFN)を前記第1の培地に添加して、第2の培地を得るステップであって、それにより、前記前駆体pDCはpDCに分化する、ステップ
を含む。
- 造血幹前駆細胞(HSPC)を提供するステップ、
- 標的細胞上の抗原を認識する細胞外抗原認識ドメインを含む外因性構築物で前記HSPCを形質転換するステップ、
- サイトカイン及び増殖因子を含む第1の培地中で前記HSPCをインキュベートするステップであって、それにより、前記HSPCが前駆体pDCに分化する、ステップ、
- 幹細胞因子(SCF)及びステムレゲニン1(SR1)を第1の培地中に添加して、高収量の前駆体pDCを得るステップ、
- インターフェロン(IFN)を含む第2の培地を提供するステップ、
- 前記第2の培地中のインターフェロン(IFN)を、前駆体pDCを含む前記第1の培地に添加するステップであって、それにより、前記前駆体pDCは、変化して、第2の培地中の高収量の完全に活性化され分化したpDCを得、それにより、前記前駆体pDCはpDCに分化する、ステップ
を含む。
開示される製品及び方法の様々な適用が、当技術分野における具体的な必要性に合わせて適合され得ることを理解すべきである。本明細書で使用される用語は、本発明の特定の実施形態を説明することだけを目的としており、限定することは意図されないことも理解すべきである。
造血幹/前駆細胞HSPCを、CCR5に対するCas9酵素sgRNAからなるリボ核タンパク質(RNP)複合体で電気穿孔した。その後、細胞を、図7Aに示される相同性指向性修復のためのCCR5相同性アームが隣接するCAR構築物を保有するアデノ随伴ウイルス6(AAV6)で形質導入した。続いて、細胞をSC-pDCに分化させた。図7Bは、代表的なFACSプロットを示し、SC-pDCにおける抗CD19 CAR構築物の発現を示す(偽=AAV6ベクターを受けなかった細胞)。図7Cは、3人のドナーについての抗CD19 CAR+ SC-pDCのパーセンテージを示すカラム図を示す。
細胞の30%が抗CD19 CARを発現するプライミングされたSC-pDC(RNP+ドナー)、又は構築物を発現しないSC-pDC(偽+ドナー)を、TLR7(R837)、TLR9(CpGA)に対するアゴニストで20時間刺激するか、又は無刺激のまま(UT)とした。
細胞の30%が抗CD19 CARを発現するSC-pDC(RNP+ドナー)、又は構築物を発現しないSC-pDC(偽+ドナー)を、I型及びII型IFNを補充した培地中で3日間プライミングするか(図9A)、又はプライミングしないままとした(図9B)。その後、細胞を、CD19+標的細胞株(NALM-6)と、1:1のエフェクター:標的の比率で共培養した。潜在的なバックグラウンドを排除するために、標的細胞を、エフェクター細胞なし(0:1)でも播種した。20時間後、上清を回収し、サイトカインIFN-ベータ、IL-6、CXCL10及びTNF-アルファのレベルを、Mesoscaleマルチプレックスサイトカインアッセイ(MSD)を使用して定量化した。データは、1人のドナーからのものである。
SC-pDCが、SynNotch成分で形質導入され、受容体及び応答要素の両方を首尾よく発現できることを確認するために、図10に模式的に示されるように、SynNotch SC-pDCを生成した。
SC-pDCによって発現されるSynNotch成分が機能できること、及びSynNotch SC-pDCが特定の細胞を標的とし、認識し、かつ特定の細胞を認識した際に応答、特に免疫応答を活性化するのに効果的であることを確認するため、先行する実施例に従って生成されたSynNotch SC-pDC細胞の活性化を分析した。
実施例4及び5に記載される形質導入及び活性化を、別のドナーからのHSPCを用いて繰り返した。実施例4に記載されるように、HSPCの形質導入、pDCへの分化、及び16日間の培養後、SC-pDCを単離し、プライミングし、その後、図14に示されるように、synNotch受容体及び応答要素の発現を、pDC(系統陰性、CD11c陰性、CD303+細胞)で評価した。これらのデータは、pDCが首尾よく形質導入され、SynNotch受容体及びSynNotch応答要素の両方を首尾よく発現できることをさらに確認する。
実施例4及び5に記載される形質導入及び活性化を、別のドナーからのHSPCを用いて繰り返した。実施例4に記載されるように、HSPCの形質導入、pDCへの分化、及び16日間の培養後、SC-pDCを単離し、プライミングし、その後、図16に示されるように、synNotch受容体及び応答要素の発現を、SC-pDC(系統陰性、CD11c陰性、CD303+細胞)で評価した。これらのデータは、pDCが首尾よく形質導入され、SynNotch受容体及びSynNotch応答要素の両方を首尾よく発現できることをさらに確認する。
Claims (15)
- 操作された細胞を対象に投与するステップを含む、対象における疾患を治療する方法であって、
細胞が、標的細胞上の抗原を認識する細胞外抗原認識ドメインを含む外因性構築物をその表面上に発現し、
細胞が、細胞外抗原認識ドメインが標的細胞に結合すると免疫応答を活性化し、かつ
細胞が、形質細胞様樹状細胞である、方法。 - 疾患が、がん、自己免疫疾患、又は炎症性疾患である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 標的細胞上の抗原を認識する細胞外抗原認識ドメインを含む外因性構築物をその表面上に発現する、操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞。
- 免疫応答が、サイトカイン、例えば炎症促進性サイトカイン若しくは抗炎症性サイトカインの分泌を含むか、又は宿主免疫細胞、例えばTreg又は細胞傷害性リンパ球の動員若しくは活性化を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法又は操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞。
- 外因性構築物が、膜貫通ドメインと、細胞外抗原認識ドメインが標的細胞に結合すると細胞において免疫応答を活性化する細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインとをさらに含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法又は操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞。
- 構築物が、キメラ抗原受容体又は合成Notch受容体である、請求項5に記載の方法又は操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞。
- 細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインが、1つ以上のTCRシグナル伝達成分を含むか、又は1つ以上の転写因子を含む、請求項5又は請求項6に記載の方法又は操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞。
- 細胞外抗原認識ドメインが、単鎖抗体フラグメント(scFv)又は組み換えT細胞受容体である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法又は操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞。
- 細胞外抗原認識ドメインが、腫瘍関連抗原、自己免疫疾患に関連する自己抗原、又は組織特異的抗原を認識する、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法又は操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞。
- 操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞が、幹細胞由来の形質細胞様樹状細胞である、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法又は操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞。
- 操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞が、TRAIL、CD123、CD303、CD304、CD4、HLA-DR、I型IFN、II型IFN、III型IFN、IRF7、TLR7及び/又はTLR9を発現する、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法又は操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞。
- 請求項3~11のいずれか一項に記載の操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞、及び薬学的に許容可能な担体を含む、医薬組成物。
- 疾患を治療する方法に使用するための、請求項3~11のいずれか一項に記載の操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞。
- がん、自己免疫疾患又は炎症性疾患の治療に使用するための、請求項3~11のいずれか一項に記載の操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞。
- 以下、
- 造血幹前駆細胞(HSPC)を提供するステップ、
- サイトカイン、増殖因子及び/又はインターフェロン(IFN)を含む1つ以上の培地中で前記HSPCをインキュベートするステップであって、それにより、前記HSPCは前駆体pDCに及びpDCに分化する、ステップ、1つ以上のサイトカイン、増殖因子、インターフェロン(IFN)及び/又はアリール炭化水素受容体(AHR)アンタゴニスト(例えばステムレゲニン-1)を含み得る、1つ以上の培地中で前記HSPCをインキュベートするステップであって、それにより、前記HSPCは前駆体pDCに及びpDCに分化する、ステップ、及び
- 標的細胞上の抗原を認識する細胞外抗原認識ドメインを含む外因性構築物で、分化前の前記HSPCを形質転換するか、又は分化後の前記pDCを形質転換するステップ
を含む、操作された形質細胞様樹状細胞を含む治療用組成物を生成する方法。
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