JP2023528537A - 急性肺傷害及び急性呼吸窮迫症候群を処置するための方法及び組成物 - Google Patents
急性肺傷害及び急性呼吸窮迫症候群を処置するための方法及び組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2020年3月20日に出願された米国仮出願第62/992,826号及び2020年5月19日に出願された米国仮出願第63/027,092号の利益を主張し、これらの各々は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書で言及される全ての刊行物、特許、及び特許出願は、あたかも各個々の刊行物、特許、又は特許出願が参照により組み込まれることが具体的かつ個別に示されているのと同程度に、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
細胞カルシウムホメオスタシスは、細胞内カルシウムレベル及び動きの制御に関与する調節系の総和の結果である。細胞のカルシウム恒常性は、少なくとも部分的に、カルシウム結合によって、並びに、例えば、小胞体、筋小胞体、ミトコンドリア、及びエンドソーム及びリソソームを含むエンドサイトーシスオルガネラを含む細胞内オルガネラの膜を横切るカルシウムの移動によって、原形質膜を横切って細胞の内外にカルシウムが移動することによって達成される。
1)サイトゾル中のIP3の上昇(受容体刺激後、又はIP3自体若しくは非代謝類似体Ins(2,4,5)P3のような関連同族体でサイトゾルを透析した後)、
2)ER膜を透過処理するためのCa2+イオノフォア(例えば、イオノマイシン)の適用、
3)高濃度のCa2+キレート剤(例えば、EGTA又はBAPTA)で細胞質を透析することで、ストアから漏出するCa2+をキレート化し、したがってストアの補充を防止こと、
4)タプシガルジン、シクロピアゾン酸及びジ-tert-ブチルヒドロキノンのような筋小胞体Ca2+-ATPアーゼ(SERCA)阻害剤への曝露、
5)チメロサールのような薬剤を用いてIP3受容体を静止時レベルのInsP3に感作すること、及び
6)N,N,N’,N’-テトラキス(2-ピリジルメチル)エチレンジアミン(TPEN)のような膜透過性金属Ca2+キレート剤を直接ストアに装填すること。
質量作用を介して、TPENは、総ストアCa2+を変化させることなく遊離管腔内Ca2+濃度を低下させ、その結果、ストア枯渇依存性シグナルが生成される。
カルシウムの放出に起因する小胞体等の細胞内カルシウムストア部中のカルシウム濃度の低下は、細胞外培地から細胞内へのカルシウムの流入に対するシグナルを提供する。細胞質カルシウム濃度の持続的な「プラトー」上昇をもたらすこのカルシウムの流入は、一般に、電位依存性原形質膜チャネルに依存せず、カルシウムによるカルシウムチャネルの活性化を伴わない。このカルシウム流入機構は、容量性カルシウム流入(CCE)、カルシウム放出活性化、ストア作動性又は枯渇作動性カルシウム流入と呼ばれる。ストア作動性によるカルシウム流入は、特徴的な特性を有するイオン電流として記録することができる。この電流は、ISOC(ストア作動性電流)又はICRAC(カルシウム放出活性化電流)と呼ばれる。
ストア作動性カルシウム流入は、細胞内カルシウムストア内のカルシウムのレベルによって調節される。細胞内カルシウムストア部は、ストア部からのカルシウムの放出を活性化するか、又はストア部へのカルシウムの取込みを阻害する、生理学的又は薬理学的であり得る薬剤に対する感受性によって特徴付けられ得る。様々な細胞が、細胞内カルシウムストアの特徴付けにおいて試験されており、ストアは、IP3並びにIP3受容体、タプシガルギン、イオノマイシン及び/又は環状ADP-リボース(cADPR)に影響を及ぼす化合物を含むがこれらに限定されない様々な薬剤に感受性であると特徴づけられている(例えば、Berridge(1993)Nature 361:315-325;Churchill and Louis(1999)Am.J.Physiol.276:C426-C434;Dargie et al.(1990)Cell Regul.1:279-290;Gerasimenko et al.(1996)Cell 84:473-480;Gromoda et al.(1995)FEBS Lett.360:303-306;Guse et al.(1999)Nature 398:70-73を参照されたい)。
細胞におけるシグナル伝達プロセスのアゴニスト活性化は、例えば、IP3受容体チャネルの開口による小胞体のカルシウム透過性の劇的な増加、及びストア作動性カルシウム流入による原形質膜の劇的な増加を含み得る。これらのカルシウム透過性の増加は、2つの構成要素:IP3受容体の活性化中の小胞体からのカルシウム放出の「スパイク」と、細胞外培地から細胞質へのカルシウムの流入に起因するカルシウムレベルの持続的上昇であるプラトー期と、に分離することができるサイトゾルカルシウム濃度の増加に関連する。刺激すると、約100nMの静止細胞内遊離カルシウム濃度は、細胞のマイクロドメインにおいて全体的に1μMを超えて高くなり得る。細胞は、ミトコンドリア、小胞体及びゴルジ等のオルガネラによる生理学的緩衝を含む、内因性カルシウム緩衝液でこれらのカルシウムシグナルを調節する。内膜の単輸送体を介したカルシウムのミトコンドリア取込みは、大きな負のミトコンドリア膜電位によって駆動され、蓄積されたカルシウムは、ナトリウム依存性及び非依存性の交換体、並びにいくつかの状況下では透過性遷移孔(PTP)を介してゆっくりと放出される。したがって、ミトコンドリアは、細胞活性化の期間中にカルシウムを取り込むことによってカルシウム緩衝液として作用することができ、後にゆっくり放出することができる。小胞体へのカルシウムの取込みは、筋小胞体カルシウムATPアーゼ(SERCA)によって調節される。ゴルジへのカルシウムの取込みは、P型カルシウム輸送ATPアーゼ(PMR1/ATP2C1)によって媒介される。更に、IP3受容体活性化時に放出される有意な量のカルシウムが、原形質膜カルシウムATPaseの作用によって細胞から押し出されるという証拠がある。例えば、原形質膜カルシウムATPアーゼは、ヒトT細胞及びJurkat細胞におけるカルシウムクリアランスの主要な機構を提供するが、ナトリウム/カルシウム交換もヒトT細胞におけるカルシウムクリアランスに寄与する。カルシウムストアオルガネラ内で、カルシウムイオンは、例えば、カルセクエストリン、カルレティキュリン及びカルネキシン等の特殊なカルシウム緩衝タンパク質に結合することができる。更に、カルシウムスパイクを調節し、カルシウムイオンの再分布を補助するカルシウム緩衝タンパク質がサイトゾルに存在する。したがって、細胞質カルシウムレベルを低下させることができるこれら及び他の機構のいずれかに関与するタンパク質及び他の分子は、細胞質カルシウム緩衝に関与、参与及び/又は提供するタンパク質である。したがって、細胞質カルシウム緩衝は、SOCチャネルを介した持続的カルシウム流入又はCa2+放出のバーストの期間中に細胞質Ca2+レベルを調節するのに役立つ。細胞質Ca2+レベルの大きな増加又はストア再充満はSOCEを不活性化する。
カルシウムストアの細胞内変化に加えて、ストア作動性カルシウム流入は、ストア作動性変化の結果又はそれに加えて生じる多数の事象に影響を及ぼす。例えば、Ca2+流入は、セリンホスファターゼであるカルシニューリンを含む多数のカルモジュリン依存性酵素の活性化をもたらす。細胞内カルシウムの増加によるカルシニューリンの活性化は、肥満細胞脱顆粒等の急性分泌過程をもたらす。活性化されたマスト細胞は、ヒスタミン、ヘパリン、TNFα及びβ-ヘキソサミニダーゼ等の酵素を含む予め形成された顆粒を放出する。B及びT細胞増殖等のいくつかの細胞事象は、細胞内カルシウムの持続的な増加を必要とする持続的なカルシニューリンシグナル伝達を必要とする。NFAT(活性化T細胞の核因子)、MEF2及びNFκBを含むいくつかの転写因子がカルシニューリンによって調節される。NFAT転写因子は、免疫細胞を含む多くの細胞型において重要な役割を果たす。免疫細胞において、NFATは、サイトカイン、ケモカイン及び細胞表面受容体を含む多数の分子の転写を媒介する。NFATのための転写エレメントが、IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-8、IL-13等のサイトカイン、同様にまた、腫瘍壊死因子アルファ(TNFα)、顆粒球コロニー刺激因子(G-CSF)及びγ-インターフェロン(γ-IFN)のプロモータの中に見出されている。
CRACチャネル及び免疫応答
カルシウムチャネル阻害剤
-ジヒドロ-13,4-オキサジアゾール-2-イル)-5-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピラゾール-1-イル)ピリジン-2-イル)-2-ナフタミド;5-(1-(6-((2,6-ジフルオロベンジル)アミノ)ピリジン-3-イル)-5-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピラゾール-3-イル)-3-メチル-1,3,4-オキサジアゾール-2(3H)-オン;5-(1-(6-((2-クロロ-6-フルオロベンジル)アミノ)ピリジン-3-イル)-5-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピラゾール-3-イル)-3-メチル-1,3,4-オキサジアゾール-2(3H)-オン;5-(1-(6-(2-フルオロ-6-メチルベンジル)アミノ)ピリドム-3-イル)-5-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピラゾール-3-イル)-3-メチル-1,3,4-オキサジアゾール-2(3H)-オン;N-(2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-6-(3-(4-メチル-5-オキソ-4,5-ジヒドロ-1,3,4-オキサジアゾール-2-イル)-5-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピラゾール-1-イル)ニコチンアミド;又はN-(2-クロロ-6-フルオロフェニル)-6-(3-(4-メチル-5-オキソ-4,5-ジヒドロ-1,3,4-オキサジアゾール-2-イル)-5-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピラゾール-1-イル)ニコチンアミドのうちのいずれか1つを含む。これらの化合物のそれぞれは、カルシウムチャネル阻害剤又はSOC阻害剤の一例でもある。
本明細書に記載される化合物は、場合によっては、ジアステレオマー、エナンチオマー、又は他の立体異性体の形態として存在し得る。本明細書に提示される化合物は、全てのジアステレオマー、エナンチオマー、及びエピマー形態、並びにそれらの適切な混合物を含む。立体異性体の分離は、クロマトグラフィによって、又はジアステレオマーの形成よって、及び再結晶、又はクロマトグラフィ、又はそれらの任意の組み合わせによる分離によって行うことができる(Jean Jacques,Andre Collet,Samuel H.Wilen,‘‘Enantiomers,Racemates and Resolutions’’,John Wiley And Sons,Inc.,1981、この開示に関して、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる)。立体異性体は、立体選択的合成によっても得ることができる。
いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書に記載の化合物の合成は、化学文献に記載の手段を使用して、本明細書に記載の方法を使用して、又はそれらの組合わせによって達成される。更に、本明細書に提示される溶媒、温度及び他の反応条件は変化し得る。
ALI及びARDSは、胃内容物の吸引、微生物感染、敗血症及び外傷等の様々な病原因子を含む致死的かつ複雑な呼吸器合併症である。ALI/ARDSには2つの主要な病理学的特徴があり、肺組織における浮腫及び好中球蓄積である。最初の炎症性刺激は、肺内皮及び/又は上皮バリアを破壊し、タンパク質に富む体液の血管外漏出を誘発し、肺浮腫をもたらす。これらの刺激はまた、間質及び肺胞気腔への好中球浸潤を引き起こす。浸潤した好中球は、エラスターゼ及び活性酸素種を分泌することによって肺実質細胞を損傷し、炎症促進性サイトカインの更なる産生及び炎症細胞の活性化を誘導する。これらの物理的及び化学的組織損傷は、空気交換の障害及び重症の呼吸機能障害をもたらす。
いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書に記載の組成物を対象に投与する方法が本明細書に開示される。いくつかの実施形態は、組成物を対象に投与する等、本明細書に記載の組成物の使用に関する。
カルシウムチャネル阻害剤と、ALI又はARDSを処置するための少なくとも1つの化合物との組み合わせ投与のための組成物及び投与レジメンが本明細書に開示される。いくつかの実施形態では、投与レジメンは、ALI又はARDSを処置するための化合物の対象への投与、及び細胞内カルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤の投与を含む。
本明細書に記載のカルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤の少なくとも1つを含む医薬組成物を本明細書で提供することができる。場合によっては、医薬組成物は、カルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤の少なくとも1つと、本明細書に開示されるALI及び/又はARDSを処置するための化合物の少なくとも1つと、を含む。
他に定義されない限り、本明細書で使用される全ての技術用語及び科学用語は、特許請求される主題が関係する一般に理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。本明細書における用語について複数の定義がある場合、このセクションのものが優先する。URL又は他のそのような識別子又はアドレスを参照する場合、そのような識別子は変更することができ、インターネット上の特定の情報が行き来することができるが、インターネットを検索することによって同等の情報を見つけることができることが理解される。これへの参照は、そのような情報の利用可能性及び公開されていることを証明する。
本明細書で使用される場合、「標的タンパク質」という用語は、本明細書に記載の化合物、例えば化合物Aの群からの構造を有する化合物によって結合され得る、又はそれと相互作用し得るタンパク質又はタンパク質の一部を指す。特定の実施形態において、標的タンパク質は、STIMタンパク質である。特定の実施形態において、標的タンパク質は、Oraiタンパク質である。
前臨床データは、CRACチャネル阻害剤が肺損傷の処置に有用であるという概念を裏付けている。CRACチャネルの阻害剤であるBTP2を用いた試験は、マウスにおける全身エンドトキシン投与の2時間後に送達され、内皮細胞Ca2+流動の著しい減少及び肺傷害の測定値の急激な減少をもたらした。BTP2はまた、人工呼吸器誘発性肺損傷のラットモデルにおいて内皮肺機能障害及び肺炎症を抑制することが認められた。最後に、N-(5-(6-クロロ-2,2-ジフルオロベンゾ[d][1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル)ピラジン-2-イル)-2-フルオロ-6-メチルベンズアミド注射エマルジョン(IE)の静脈内注入は、肺傷害を含む二次的合併症を伴う急性膵炎のラットモデルにおいて、肺ミエロペルオキシダーゼ活性(すなわち、好中球浸潤)並びにサイトカインTNFα及びIL-6のmRNAレベルを低下させることが認められた。
ラットで行われた安全性薬理試験は、N-(5-(6-クロロ-2,2-ジフルオロベンゾ[d][1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル)ピラジン-2-イル)-2-フルオロ-6-メチルベンズアミド(化合物1)を含む医薬組成物によって誘発される中枢神経系又は呼吸器系に対する有害作用を示さなかった。化合物1は、カルシウム放出活性化カルシウム(CRAC)チャネルを阻害する本明細書に記載の組成物の非限定的な例である。用量制限有害臨床的及び心血管作用が、化合物1を25mg/kg IVで投与した単一の遠隔測定したカニクイザルにおいて認められた。より低用量(1、3及び10mg/kg)での心血管データは、収縮期/拡張期動脈圧及び負の変時作用(軽度及び非有害)の一過性の非用量関連の軽度から中程度の増加を全用量及びプラセボ処置動物で示した。
第1相臨床試験を実施して、ALI及び/ARDSを有するか、又はALI及び/又はARDSを発症するリスクがある被験者、例えば、ALI/ARDSをもたらす可能性が高い感染したCOVID-19又は他の呼吸器ウイルス/細菌について、本明細書に開示される医薬組成物の安全性、忍容性、薬物動態及び薬力学を評価する。
単回漸増用量及び複数回漸増用量試験
N-(5-(6-クロロ-2,2-ジフルオロベンゾ[d][1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル)ピラジン-2-イル)-2-フルオロ-6-メチルベンズアミド(化合物1)の2つの第1相試験を、単一漸増用量(SAD)試験(化合物1試験101)及び複数漸増用量(MAD)試験(化合物1試験102)を健康な被験者で行った。化合物1試験101(表1)では、32人の健康な被験者を5つの群に登録し、活性物質の単回投与を受ける被験者とプラセボとの3:1の比でランダム化した。各群の用量レベルを表1に示す。エマルジョンの用量体積をSAD試験群の全ての被験者について1.3mL/kgに固定し、化合物1又はプラセボの注射用エマルジョンを4時間のIV注入によって投与した。
AP並びにそれに伴うSIRS及び低酸素血症を有する患者において、化合物1の第2相オープンラベル用量反応多施設試験を行った(化合物1試験201)。スクリーニング時にSIRSのみを有する1人の患者をランダム化した。この試験の主な目的は、安全性及び忍容性を評価することであった。副次的な目的は、化合物1の有効性及びPKプロフィールを評価することであった。
化合物1試験202では、急性膵炎患者、AP患者(SIRS及び/又は低酸素血症の存在にかかわらず)における化合物1の薬力学的及び薬物動態学的試験に、2.08mg/kgの化合物1の注射用エマルジョンの単回IV注入を投与し、分析のために血液、血漿及び血清を回収した。最初に5人の患者を登録し、次いで必要に応じて更に4人の患者を登録することを計画した。最終的に、7人の患者を試験のためにスクリーニングし、7人全員が試験に登録し、試験を完了した。1日目及び2日目に、それぞれPD及びPK分析のための血液及び血漿試料を、化合物1の投与完了の30分後及び化合物1の投与開始から24時間後に得た。5日目及び10日目に入院した患者において、血液及び血漿試料を得た。先に退院した場合は、退院時に試料を採取した。退院後、患者は30日目に病院に戻り、最終的な血液及び血漿試料を提供した。
重症のCOVID-19肺炎患者において化合物1を評価するために、第2相臨床試験を実施する。この試験では、急性呼吸窮迫症候群(ARDS)への進行のリスクがある重症COVID-19肺炎患者における化合物1の使用を調査する。
1.RT-PCRアッセイで確立されたCOVID-19の診断。
2.以下の症状の少なくとも1つ:
o発熱、咳、喉の痛み、倦怠感、頭痛、筋肉痛、安静時又は運動時の呼吸困難、錯乱、又は呼吸窮迫。
3.以下の臨床徴候の少なくとも1つ:
o呼吸数≧30、心拍数≧125、室内空気中でSaO2<93%、又はSaO2≧93%を維持するために鼻カニューレによって>2Lの酸素を必要とするか、又はパルスオキシメトリから推定されるか、動脈血ガスによって決定されるPaO2/FiO2<300。
4.肺のCXR又はCTスキャンのいずれかによって記録される肺炎と一致する呼吸器浸潤物又は異常の存在。
5.患者は18歳以上である。
6.妊娠可能な女性患者は、39ヶ月間妊娠を試みてはならず、男性パートナと性的に活動的である場合、化合物1の最後の投与後39ヶ月間、許容可能な避妊方法を実施する意思がある。
7.妊娠可能な女性パートナと性的に活動的な男性患者は、化合物1の最後の投与後39ヶ月間、許容され得る避妊方法を実施する意思がある。男性患者は39ヶ月間精子を提供してはならない。
8.患者は、参加するための、及びプロトコルの全ての態様と協力するためのインフォームドコンセントを自発的に提供する意思があり、提供することができるか、又は自発的に提供する意思があり、提供することができる法定代理人(LAR)を有する。
1.予測される生存期間又は延命処置の中止までの時間は<7日であると予想される。
2.挿管拒否表示。
3.睡眠時呼吸障害にのみ使用される持続的気道陽圧又は二段階気道陽圧(CPAP/BIPAP)を除く在宅人工呼吸(非侵襲的換気又は気管切開による)。
4.気管内挿管。
5.高流量鼻カニューレ、非侵襲的陽圧換気、又はECMOによって酸素が送達されている。
6.SBP<90若しくはDBP<60又は血管収縮薬の使用によって定義されるショック。
7.多臓器機能不全障害又は不全。
8.陽性インフルエンザA又はB試験。
9.局所標準治療として試験された呼吸パネルによって検出された病原体。
10.以下の病歴を有する患者。
a.臓器移植又は血液移植
b.HIV
c.活動性B型肝炎又はC型肝炎感染
11.現在の処置。
a.化学療法
b.同意時の糖質コルチコイド
c.同意時の免疫抑制薬又は免疫療法(禁止されている免疫抑制薬及び免疫療法のリストについては5.3節)
d.血液透析又は腹膜透析
12.患者は妊娠していることが知られているか、又は看護中である。
13.現在、同意時の治験薬又は治療用医療機器の別の試験に参加中。
14.卵に対するアレルギー又は化合物1の任意の構成要素に対する既知の過敏性。
・TEAE及びSAEの発生率
・TEAE及びSAEの強度及び関係
・バイタルサイン及び安全性検査結果の臨床的に有意な変化
・PaO2/FiO2の変化
・生存日数及び機械的換気なしの日数
・生存退院までの時間
・30日目及び60日目の死亡率
・IL-6、IL-17、TNF-α、サイトカインパネル、及びプロカルシトニンレベルの変化
第2相試験の中間結果を以下のように得た。18人の重症COVID-19肺炎患者が登録されており、そのうち12人が処置されており、化合物1の注射用エマルジョンで処置されており、6人が標準的なケアを受けている。3つの施設が現在患者を登録している。登録された患者の11人が部位1にあり(8人が処置され、3人がSOC)、3人が部位2にあり(1人が処置され、2人がSOC)、4人が部位3にある(3人が処置され、1人がSOC)。重症のCOVID-19を有する被験者は、低流量酸素処置を必要とした被験者であった。
・安全性:安全に進行すると判断
・患者のベースライン特性
・退院までの時間
・入院期間にわたるPaO2/FiO2の発生
・順序尺度分析
CRACチャネルは、免疫細胞におけるサイトカイン放出をもたらすカルシウム-カルシニューリン経路において近位の役割を果たし得る。図7に示すように、CRACチャネルはカルシウム-カルシニューリン経路を制御し得る。表8~10のデータによって実証されるように、化合物1(CRAC阻害剤の非限定的な例)は、ヒトリンパ球からのサイトカイン放出の強力な濃度依存的阻害をもたらす。
CRACチャネル阻害剤は、肺内皮を安定化させ、炎症誘発性サイトカイン放出を遮断し、COVID-19患者の呼吸器合併症を潜在的に緩和する。Dダイマーのレベルは、COVID-19患者の疾患重症度及び死亡リスクと相関している。Dダイマーレベルに対するCRACチャネル阻害の効果を調査した。
重症COVID-19肺炎患者17人をAuxora及び9人を標準治療(SOC)に無作為化した。Auxoraで処置された患者と標準的なケアを受けている患者との間の回復率の差を図11に要約する。回復率は、患者が8点順序尺度の基準6、7、又は8を満たした最初の日として定義される(1。死亡 2.入院、侵襲的機械換気又はECMOを必要とする 3.入院、非侵襲的医療換気又は高流量補充酸素を必要とする 4.入院、低流量の補充酸素を必要とする 5.入院、補充酸素を必要としないが、継続的な医療を必要とする 6.入院しており、補充酸素又は継続的な医療を必要としない 7.退院し、補充酸素を必要とする 8.退院し、補充酸素を必要としない)Auxoraで処置した患者は、SOCで処置した患者(12日間)よりも回復までの時間の中央値が短かった(5日間)。回復率比は1.87(95%信頼区間[CI]、0.72対4.89)であった。
一部の患者で重症である全身性炎症反応と相まって、重症COVID-19肺炎患者の比較的高い死亡率は、COVID-19肺炎の病理生物学が他の呼吸器のウイルス性及び細菌性病原体とは異なるという推測を導く。
Claims (33)
- 対象の急性肺傷害(ALI)又は急性呼吸窮迫症候群(ARDS)を処置するための方法であって、治療有効量の細胞内カルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤を前記対象に投与することを含む、対象の急性肺傷害(ALI)又は急性呼吸窮迫症候群(ARDS)を処置するための方法。
- 急性肺傷害(ALI)又は急性呼吸窮迫症候群(ARDS)を発症するリスクがある対象におけるALI又はARDSを予防するための方法であって、治療有効量の細胞内カルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤を前記対象に投与することを含む、急性肺傷害(ALI)又は急性呼吸窮迫症候群(ARDS)を発症するリスクがある対象におけるALI又はARDSを予防するための方法。
- 前記ALI又はARDSが肺炎を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記肺炎が重症肺炎を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記肺炎が重篤肺炎を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記肺炎がウイルス性肺炎を含む、請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ウイルス性肺炎が、コロナウイルス、アデノウイルス、インフルエンザウイルス、ライノウイルス、又は呼吸器合胞体ウイルスによるウイルス性肺炎を含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記ウイルス性肺炎が、コロナウイルスによるウイルス性肺炎を含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記コロナウイルスが、SARS-CoV、SARS-CoV-2、又はMERS-CoVである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記コロナウイルスがSARS-CoV-2である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記ウイルス性肺炎が、インフルエンザウイルスによるウイルス性肺炎を含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記インフルエンザウイルスが、インフルエンザA、インフルエンザB、インフルエンザC、又はインフルエンザDを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記肺炎が重症又は重篤COVID-19肺炎を含む、請求項3~12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ALI又はARDSが人工呼吸器によって引き起こされる、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ALIを有するとして前記対象を同定することを更に含む、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ARDSを有するとして前記対象を同定することを更に含む、請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記治療有効量の細胞内カルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤を投与した後、サイトカインの発現レベルが前記対象においてベースラインレベルから低下する、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記サイトカインが、IL-2、IL-6、IL-7、IL-17、TNF-α、IFN-α、IFN-β、IFN-ω、及びIFN-γからなる群から選択される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記治療有効量の細胞内カルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤を投与した後、D-ダイマーの発現レベルが前記対象においてベースラインレベルから低下する、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞内カルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤がストア作動性カルシウム(SOC)チャネル阻害剤である、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞内カルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤がCa2+放出活性化(CRAC)チャネル阻害剤である、請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞内カルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤が間質相互作用分子1(STIM1)タンパク質を含むチャネルを阻害する、請求項1~21のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞内カルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤が、Orai1タンパク質を含むチャネルを阻害する、請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞内カルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤が、Orai2タンパク質を含むチャネルを阻害する、請求項1~23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞内カルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤が、N-(5-(6-エトキシ-4-メチルピリジン-3-イル)ピラジン-2-イル)-2,6-ジフルオロベンズアミド、N-(5-(2-エチル-6-メチルベンゾ[d]オキサゾール-5-イル)ピリジン-2-イル)-3,5-ジフルオロイソニコチンアミド、N-(4-(1-エチル-3-(チアゾール-2-イル)-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル)フェニル)-2-フルオロベンズアミド、N-(5-(1-エチル-3-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル)ピラジン-2-イル)-2、4,6-トリフルオロベンズアミド、4-クロロ-1-メチル-N-(4-(1-メチル-3-(トリフルオロメチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル)フェニル)-1H-ピラゾール-5-カルボキサミド、N-(4-(3-(ジフルオロメチル)-5-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-1-イル)-3-フルオロフェニル)-2,6-ジフルオロベンズアミド、N-(4-(3-(ジフルオロメチル)-5-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-1-イル)-3-フルオロフェニル)-2,4,6-トリフルオロベンズアミド、N-(4-(3-(ジフルオロメチル)-1-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル)-3-フルオロフェニル)-2,4,6-トリフルオロベンズアミド、4-クロロ-N-(3-フルオロ-4-(1-メチル-3-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル)フェニル)-1-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-カルボキサミド、3-フルオロ-4-(1-メチル-3-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル)-N-((3-メチルイソチアゾール-4-イル)メチル-アニリン)、N-(5-(7-クロロ-2,3-ジヒドロ-[1,4]ジオキシノ[2,3-b]ピリジン-6-イル)ピリジン-2-イル)-2,6-ジフルオロベンズアミド、N-(2,6-ジフルオロベンジル)-5-(1-エチル-3-(チアゾール-2-イル)-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル)ピリミジン-2-アミン、3,5-ジフルオロ-N-(3-フルオロ-4-(3-メチル-1-(チアゾール-2-イル)-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)フェニル)イソニコチンアミド、5-(1-メチル-3-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル)-N-(2,4,6-トリフルオロベンジル)ピリジン-2-アミン、N-(5-(1-エチル-3-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル)ピリジン-2-イル)-2,4,6-トリフルオロベンズアミド、N-(5-(5-クロロ-2-メチルベンゾ[d]オキサゾール-6-イル)ピラジン-2-イル)-2,6-ジフルオロベンズアミド、N-(5-(6-エトキシ-4-メチルピリジン-3-イル)チアゾール-2-イル)-2,3,6-トリフルオロベンズアミド、N-(5-(1-エチル-3-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピラゾール-5-yl)ピリジン-2-イル)-2,3,6-トリフルオロベンズアミド、2,3,6-トリフルオロ-N-(3-フルオロ-4-(1-メチル-3-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル)フェニル)ベンズアミド、2,6-ジフルオロ-N-(4-(5-メチル-2-(トリフルオロメチル)オキサゾール-4-イル)フェニル)ベンズアミド、又はN-(5-(6-クロロ-2,2-ジフルオロベンゾ[d][1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル)ピラジン-2-イル)-2-フルオロ-6-メチルベンズアミド、あるいはその薬学的に許容される塩、薬学的に許容される溶媒和物、又は薬学的に許容されるプロドラッグの構造を有する化合物である、請求項1~24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞内カルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤が、化学名N-(5-(6-クロロ-2,2-ジフルオロベンゾ[d][1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル)ピラジン-2-イル)-2-フルオロ-6-メチルベンズアミドの化合物、又はその薬学的に許容される塩、薬学的に許容される溶媒和物、若しくは薬学的に許容されるプロドラッグである、請求項1~25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞内カルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤が、化学名2,6-ジフルオロ-N-(1-(4-ヒドロキシ-2-(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジル)-1H-ピラゾール-3-イル)ベンズアミドの化合物、又はその薬学的に許容される塩、薬学的に許容される溶媒和物、若しくは薬学的に許容されるプロドラッグである、請求項1~26のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 細胞内カルシウムシグナリング阻害剤と、ALI又はARDSを治療するための少なくとも1つの化合物と、を含む組成物。
- 治療有効量の請求項25に記載の化合物と、薬学的に許容される賦形剤と、を含む医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物が、プロスタグランジン阻害剤、補体阻害剤、βアゴニスト、β-2アゴニスト、顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子、コルチコステロイド、N-アセチルシステイン、スタチン、グルカゴン様ペプチド-1(7-36)アミド(GLP-1)、骨髄系細胞上に発現されるトリガー受容体(TREM1)ブロッキングペプチド、17-アリルアミノ-17-デメトキシゲルダナマイシン(17-AAG)、腫瘍壊死因子(TNF)に対する抗体、組換えインターロイキン(IL)-1受容体アンタゴニスト、ベシル酸シサトラクリウム、抗ウイルス剤、レムデシビル、ヒドロキシクロロキン、クロロキン、及びアンジオテンシン変換酵素(ACE)阻害剤からなるリストから選択される、請求項28又は29に記載の組成物。
- ALI又はARDSを治療するための化合物の対象への投与、及び細胞内カルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤の投与を含む、投薬レジメン。
- ALI又はARDSを発症するリスクがある対象においてALI又はARDSを予防するための組成物であって、治療有効量の細胞内カルシウムシグナル伝達阻害剤を投与することを含む、ALI又はARDSを発症するリスクがある対象においてALI又はARDSを予防するための組成物。
- 治療有効量の請求項32に記載の組成物と、薬学的に許容される賦形剤と、を含む医薬組成物。
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