JP2023503127A - 黒色腫の発症を予防する方法 - Google Patents
黒色腫の発症を予防する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
黒色腫は、主に皮膚の表皮の基底層および眼の中層に位置するメラノサイト(メラニンを産生する色素含有細胞)から発症する悪性腫瘍である(Hurst E A et al., Archives of Dermatology Research, 2003, 139: 1067-1073)。このタイプの病状は、すべての悪性皮膚病変の10パーセントを占める。その年間発生率は5%である。1940年代以降、黒色腫の発生率は毎年2倍になっている。黒色腫は、男性の間で6番目に多い癌であり、女性の間で7番目に多い癌である。皮膚黒色腫の平均発生率は、地中海諸国の年間10万人あたり3~5症例から、北欧諸国の年間10万人あたり12~20症例までさまざまであり、増加が続いている。死亡率は毎年10万人あたり2~3症例であり、地理的場所によって若干の変化があり、過去10年にわたって比較的安定したままとなっている。遺伝的に素因のある集団の紫外線への曝露の増加によって、少なくとも部分的に、過去数十年にわたって黒色腫の発生率の着実な増加がもたらされている[Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), 2010, p. 294-300]。悪性黒色腫は皮膚癌による死亡の60~80%の原因であり、その5年生存率は14%である。米国では、人口の2%がこのタイプの皮膚癌と診断されており、これは毎年およそ10,000人の死亡の原因となっている。同時に、黒色腫は全身転移の可能性が非常に高い腫瘍である。
一態様では、黒色腫の発症を予防するための方法が提供される。この方法は、外科的介入や周囲の正常組織に対する損傷なしに悪性腫瘍の発症を効果的に抑制し、さらに高い抗転移効果を示す。特許請求された方法を使用することによって、化学療法薬の特徴であるように、身体に悪影響を与えることなく、黒色腫の発症の有効な阻害を達成することが可能になる。この方法は、それを必要とする対象に、アスパラギン酸塩の形態の亜鉛の軽同位体を投与することを含む。黒色腫の発症を予防するための開示された方法において使用される医薬組成物が提供され、これは、治療有効量で64Zne(Asp)2を含む。開示された方法は、低い毒性効果とともに、腫瘍細胞の増殖を阻害するのに高い有効性を有する。
以下の特徴を有するB16黒色腫細胞を実験に使用した。
由来:ハツカネズミ(Mus musculus)皮膚(C57BL/6マウス)
腫瘍増殖の特徴:短期インキュベーション、急速な増殖、自発的転移の欠如。
腫瘍接種性は100%である。この黒色腫の腫瘍増殖を引き起こす細胞の最小用量は、マウスの皮下注射あたりわずか100~1000である。
動物の平均余命は21~31日である。
腫瘍細胞集団は不均質であり、高度に色素沈着した領域およびメラニンの含有量が少ない断片の両方を含む。
核型:染色体数は30から80まで変化し、2n=40、モダル数は72染色体(14%)であり、倍数性は3%である。すべての細胞には、ロバートソン型転座による2~8個の染色体間会合(interchromosomal associations)が含まれている。
ケージ内のすべての動物を、死亡率またはそれらの健康状態の異常性のなんらかの兆候を判定するために毎日検査した。なんらかの異常が検出されるたびに徹底的な検査を行った。すべての異常性を記録した。
群番号1:対照群、B16黒色腫細胞をi.c.注射されたマウス;
群番号2:B16黒色腫細胞をi.c.注射され、腫瘍細胞を接種された後5日目に64Zne(Asp)2の腫瘍内注射をされたマウス;
群番号3:B16黒色腫細胞をi.c.注射され、腫瘍細胞を接種された後11日目に64Zne(Asp)2の腫瘍内注射をされたマウス
[実施例2]
血行性転移の実験モデルは、B16黒色腫細胞の接種が可能である実験で使用された。これらの細胞の特徴を実施例1に示す。細胞を、標準的な条件下でインビトロにて培養した。移植用に、腫瘍細胞を0.02%ベルセン溶液で基質から除去し、血球計算器でトリパンブルーの存在下にて懸濁液の細胞充実性および生存率を評価し、懸濁液を、1×106細胞/mlの濃度に調整した。黒色腫細胞を、0.05mlの懸濁液(0.5×106細胞/マウス)で動物の背部領域に皮内(IC)注射した。腫瘍細胞接種の24時間前に、マウスの背部の毛皮の一部を脱毛クリームで除去した。実験では、B16マウス黒色腫から単離した細胞を使用した。細胞を、標準的な条件下でインビトロにて培養した。接種のために、腫瘍細胞を0.02%ベルセン溶液で基質から除去した。得られた細胞懸濁液の細胞充実性および生存率を、トリパンブルーの存在下で血球計算器を用いて評価した。細胞濃度を、生理食塩水で1×106細胞/mlに調整した。黒色腫細胞を、0.2mlの懸濁液(0.2×106細胞/マウス)で外側尾静脈にIV注射した。
群番号1:対照群、B16黒色腫細胞をIV注射され、溶媒(重水素減少水)をIV注射されたマウス;
群番号2:B16黒色腫細胞をIV注射され、腫瘍細胞を接種されてから24時間後に64Zne(Asp)2をIV注射されたマウス;
群番号3:B16黒色腫細胞をIV注射され、腫瘍細胞を接種されてから45分後に64Zne(Asp)2をIV注射されたマウス。
V=4/3×πr3、式中、Vは転移容量(mm3)であり;rは転移半径(mm)である。
[実施例3]
実験動物からの皮膚黒色腫の試料および健康な動物から採取した対応する試料中の種々の化学元素の同位体の分布を分析し、実験で比較した。微量元素の測定には、グロー放電質量分析法を使用した。分析用の試料を以下のように調製した。
・ダイナミックレンジ>1012線形、自動クロスキャリブレーション(マトリックス元素(100%)から超微量(ppt)まで);
・感度(ピーク高さ、総イオン電流):>1×1010cps、1.6*10-9A;
・ダークノイズ<0.2cps
・質量分解能>10000;
・質量安定性25ppm/8時間
研究の結果を表5に示す。
[実施例4]
Claims (11)
- 黒色腫を処置するか、または黒色腫の発症を予防する方法であって、それを必要とする患者への治療有効量の64Zne(Asp)2を含む組成物の投与を含む、方法。
- 前記組成物が水溶液である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が腫瘍内または静脈内に投与される、請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法。
- 64Zne(Asp)2が2分子のアスパラギン酸を含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 0.2μg/kg患者体重/日~2000mg/kg患者体重/日の64Zne(Asp)2を、前記患者に投与する、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 0.01mg/kg/日~5mg/kg/日の64Zne(Asp)2を、前記患者に投与する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 0.1mg/kg/日~1mg/kg/日の64Zne(Asp)2を、前記患者に投与する、請求項5または請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、1日1回投与される、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、1日2回以上で投与される、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、溶媒として重水素減少水をさらに含む、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 黒色腫を処置する前記方法が、黒色腫転移を予防、遅延、または改善する方法である、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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