JP2023142555A - building - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a building capable of improving environment in a lower space in a simple structure.SOLUTION: In a building (1), an indoor space (6) is formed with a top wall (2), side walls (3, 4) supporting the top wall (2) from downward and a floor part (5) situated inside the side walls (3, 4). The building (1) comprises an upper low-radiation member (24) situated in an upper space (61) of the indoor space (6) and formed with a heat radiation material having heat radiation property and a lateral low-radiation member (34, 44) arranged on an inner surface of an upper area of the side walls (3, 4) enclosing the upper space (61) of the indoor space (6) and formed with the heat radiation material having the heat radiation property. The low-radiation member is not provided at a lower area of the side walls (3, 4) enclosing a lower space (62) of the indoor space (6).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a building, and particularly to a building in which an indoor space is formed by a ceiling wall, a side wall that supports the ceiling wall from below, and a floor located inside the side wall.

Large buildings such as typical factories, warehouses, temporary facilities, and stores have high ceilings and large indoor spaces, so they tend to use a lot of energy when cooling them. Therefore, in order to reduce the amount of energy used, a technique has been proposed in which the indoor space is divided into upper and lower areas and only the lower space is air-conditioned.

For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 11-141937 (Patent Document 1), the indoor space in a large-scale building with a high roof is divided into a high-temperature attic space and a low-temperature above-floor space, and a small fan is placed in the above-floor space. It is disclosed that only the space above the floor is cooled.

Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-7257 (Patent Document 2) describes a method of fixing a low emissivity building material to the back side of a building's interior base material to prevent an increase in indoor temperature due to heat from the outside in the summer. In addition, it is disclosed that indoor heat in winter is prevented from leaking to the outside.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-141937 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-7257

The large building described in Patent Document 1 has a complicated structure because it is necessary to install downward and sideways blowers on the wiring and light mounts located in the middle of the height of the building. Furthermore, if the blower is not constantly operated, the space above the floor (the space below) will become hot.

Further, Patent Document 2 only discloses that the low emissivity building material is used as the interior of a building, but does not mention specific installation locations.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a building that has a simple structure and can improve the environment of the space below. shall be.

A building according to an aspect of the present invention is a building in which an indoor space is formed by a ceiling wall, a side wall that supports the ceiling wall from below, and a floor located inside the side wall, and wherein an upper low-emissivity member formed of a thermally emissive material having thermal emissivity and located on the inner surface of the upper region of the side wall surrounding the upper space of the indoor space and a side formed of a thermally emissive material having thermal emissivity; The low emissivity member is not provided in the lower region of the side wall surrounding the lower space of the indoor space.

Preferably, the height H of the side wall is 3 m or more, and the height of the upper region of the side wall is in the range of 1/3H or more and 1/2H or less.

Preferably, the upper low emissivity member and the side low emissivity member are formed of aluminum.

Preferably, the upper low emissivity member and the side low emissivity member are continuous.

Preferably, an upper insulating material is provided between the ceiling wall and the upper low emissivity member, a side insulating material is provided in the side wall, and the side insulating material is provided between the side wall and the upper low emissivity member. is established between.

Preferably, side insulation is provided in the lower region of the side wall and not in the upper region of the side wall.

Preferably, the lower space is provided with an air conditioner that air-conditions the air in the lower space.

Preferably, the air conditioner is a heater whose air blowing direction is directed toward the floor.

According to the building of the present invention, although it has a simple structure, it is possible to improve the environment of the space below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing a building according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the roof of the building according to the first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing a building according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing a building according to the second embodiment. FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view schematically showing a building with a general folded plate roof.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, the same reference numerals are attached to the same or corresponding parts in the drawings, and the description thereof will not be repeated.

First, prior to describing the building according to this embodiment, the indoor environment of a large building such as a typical factory, warehouse, temporary facility, or store will be briefly described with reference to FIG.

Referring to FIG. 5, the roofing material 102 of the building 101 is comprised of, for example, a folded-plate roofing material 102. When the roofing material 102 receives solar heat, the temperature of the roofing material 102 becomes high, and the roofing material 102 emits strong radiant heat. Therefore, the temperature inside the indoor space 106 becomes high due to the radiant heat from the roof material 102.

Note that the building 101 does not need to have a ceiling below the roof material 102. The "ceiling" is a member that partitions the space located below the roofing material 102, that is, the entire indoor space 106 surrounded by the roofing material 102, the floor part 105, and the walls 103, 104, into upper and lower parts without any gaps. Note that in the building 101, the roofing material 102 and the plurality of beams supporting the roofing material 102 may be exposed in the indoor space 106.

In addition, the height of a typical large building up to the roof material 102 is 3 m or more, and depending on the building, the height may be 10 m or 20 m, so as a natural principle, temperature stratification is formed within the indoor space 106. be done. That is, the upper space 161 on the roofing material 102 side of the indoor space 106 has a high temperature, while the lower space 162 on the floor 105 side of the indoor space 106 has a lower temperature than the upper space 161. In addition, in FIG. 5, the lower space 162 is shown by a bold line.

Since people stay in the lower space 162, cooling air conditioning is performed to improve the environment of the lower space 162, especially in the summer. On the other hand, as described above, the temperature of the upper space 161 becomes high due to the radiant heat from the roof material 102, and the radiant heat reaches the lower space 162 as well. Therefore, convection occurs between the upper space 161 and the lower space 162, and the high-temperature air in the upper space 161 and the low-temperature air in the lower space 162 mix, resulting in a phenomenon in which cooling air conditioning does not work in the lower space 162. .

Especially in the summer, when air conditioning is used, the cold air in the lower space 162 conducts heat to the walls 103, 104 and the floor 105 of the lower space 162 and escapes to the outdoor space, and the hot air in the outdoor space Because heat is conducted to the lower space 162, the lower space 162 cannot be efficiently air-conditioned.

In order to improve the environment of the lower space 162, in this embodiment, a low emissivity member is placed only in the upper space 161, thereby preventing the transmission of solar radiation from the lower surface of the roof material 102, especially in summer. The environment of the lower space 162 is improved by suppressing heat and suppressing radiant heat generated by heating in the lower space 162 from being radiated outdoors during winter or the like. Below, such a building will be explained in detail.

(Embodiment 1)
A building 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Like a building 101 such as a general factory, the building 1 has a roof (ceiling wall) 2, side walls 3, 4, which face each other and support the roof 2 from below, and inner walls of the side walls 3, 4. and a floor section 5 located on one side. Note that the ceiling wall is a wall located vertically above the indoor space 6 among the plurality of walls that partition the indoor space 6, and is a wall that defines the ceiling. The ceiling wall in this embodiment is the roof portion 2, but if a ceiling is provided, the ceiling may serve as the ceiling wall. A case where the ceiling serves as a ceiling wall will be described in Embodiment 2.

In the building 1, an indoor space 6 is formed by a roof 2, side walls 3, 4, . . . , and a floor 5. The indoor space 6 includes an upper space 61 located on the roof 2 side and a lower space 62 located below the upper space 61 and on the floor 5 side.

With particular reference to FIG. 2, the roof portion 2 will be described. The roof part 2 has a multi-layer structure, and includes a first roofing material 21 whose surface faces outdoors, an upper insulation material 22 placed on the back side of the first roofing material 21, and an upper insulation material 22 placed on the back side of the upper insulation material 22. and an upper low emissivity member 24 disposed on the back side of the second roofing material 23. In other words, in the roof part 2, the upper low emissivity member 24 is attached to the back side of a so-called double folded plate roof in which the upper insulating material 22 is sandwiched between the first roofing material 21 and the second roofing material 23. It is a structure where

The first roof material 21 is typically a folded plate roof, and is made of, for example, a steel plate or a galvalume steel plate (registered trademark) coated with paint. By using a steel plate with high solar reflectance as the first roof material 21, it is possible to further reduce the radiation on the back surface of the roof portion 2. In addition, it is preferable that the 2nd roofing material 23 is the same structure as the 1st roofing material 21.

The upper heat insulating material 22 is sandwiched between the first roofing material 21 and the second roofing material 23. Specifically, the upper heat insulating material 22 is preferably attached over the entire lower surface of the first roofing material 21 and the entire upper surface of the second roofing material 23. As the upper heat insulating material 22, for example, a heat insulating material such as glass wool or expanded polyolefin foam is used. The upper insulation material 22 is mainly used to prevent dew condensation on the first roof material 21. The thickness of the heat insulating material is 4 mm or more and 10 mm or less, preferably 5 mm or more and 10 mm or less.

The upper low emissivity member 24 is a member that is made of a thermally emissive material and has low thermally emissive properties. The upper low emissivity member 24 is attached over the entire lower surface of the second roofing material 23. The emissivity of the thermally emissive material is 0.9 or less, preferably 0.5 or less, and more preferably 0.4 or less. As the heat-radiating material having heat-radiating properties, for example, a material containing aluminum, copper, or the like is used. Upper low emissivity member 24 is typically a coating or film. The thickness of the upper low emissivity member 24 is preferably thinner than the upper heat insulating material 22, and is preferably 1 mm or less.

In this way, by making the roof part 2 of the building have a multilayer structure consisting of the first roofing material 21, the upper insulating material 22, the second roofing material 23, and the upper low emissivity member 24, radiation from the back surface of the roofing part 2 can be reduced. Heat can be suppressed. Thereby, the temperature increase in the space 61 above the indoor space 6 can be reduced. In this embodiment, a double folded plate roof in which the upper insulation material 22 is sandwiched between the first roofing material 21 and the second roofing material 23 is used, but a simple folded plate roof in which the second roofing material 23 is not provided is used. It may be. In that case, the roof part 2 is composed of the first roofing material 21 , the upper insulating material 22 , and the upper low emissivity member 24 , and the upper low emissivity member 24 is attached to the back surface of the upper insulating material 22 .

Next, the side walls 3 and 4 will be explained. The height H1 of the side walls 3 and 4 is 3 m or more, preferably 4 m or more and 7 m or less, but may be as large as 10 m or 20 m. The side walls 3 and 4 are formed of a plurality of pillars and an exterior material, and have a simple structure without interior materials.

The side walls 3 and 4 include wall parts 31 and 41 whose surfaces face outdoors, side heat insulators 32 and 42 arranged on the indoor space 6 side of the wall parts 31 and 41, and side heat insulators 32 and 42. It includes side low-emissivity members 34 and 44 that are disposed on the indoor space 6 side and are made of a heat-radiating material that has heat-radiating properties. The side low emissivity members 34 and 44 are disposed on the inner surfaces of the upper regions of the walls 31 and 41 surrounding the upper space 61 of the indoor space 6, and are disposed on the lower regions of the walls 31 and 41 surrounding the lower space 62. It has not been done.

It is preferable that the side heat insulating materials 32 and 42 are provided along the entire surface of the wall portion 31. As a result, the indoor space 6 of the building 1 is covered in all directions by the upper insulating material 22 and the side insulating materials 32 and 42, making it difficult for the heat in the indoor space 6 to escape to the outdoors, thereby improving the heat retention effect of the indoor space 6. can be improved. Furthermore, the side heat insulators 32 and 42 may be made of the same material as the top heat insulator 22. The method of arranging the side insulation materials 32 and 42 is not particularly limited, but for example, an exterior insulation panel in which the exterior material and the insulation material are integrally formed may be used, or the insulation material may be placed between the exterior material and the pillars. It's okay.

The side low emissivity members 34 and 44 are hanging parts that hang down from the edge of the upper low emissivity member 24 mentioned above along the upper regions of the walls 31 and 41. The upper regions of the walls 31 and 41 correspond to the upper space 61 of the indoor space 6, and the lower regions of the walls 31 and 41 correspond to the lower space 62 of the indoor space 6. It is preferable that the side low-emissivity members 34, 44 are provided in the upper space 61, which is a space where humans do not stay, and the side low-emissivity members 34, 44 are not provided in the lower space 62, which is a region where humans stay. Specifically, the range (height) H2 of the side low emissivity members 34, 44 is set to 1/3 or more and 1/2 or less of the height H1 of the side walls 3, 4, and no low emissivity member is provided. It is preferable that the range (height) H3 is set to 1/2 or more and 1/3 or less of the height H1 of the side walls 3 and 4. It is preferable that the side low emissivity members 34 and 44 are provided so as to be exposed to the indoor space 6 side.

By providing the side low emissivity members 34, 44 not on the entire surface of the side walls 3, 4, but partially providing them, the area used by the low emissivity members can be reduced, so costs can be reduced. can. Furthermore, since the low emissivity member has a glossy surface, it easily reflects light and sound and is likely to affect the radio waves of communication equipment. However, by providing it only in the upper region of the side walls 3 and 4, Glare and reverberation can be made less likely to occur in the space 62 below the indoor space 6, and the influence on communication radio waves can be reduced.

It is preferable that the side low emissivity members 34, 44 are provided continuously with the upper low emissivity member 24. Continuous means not only that it is provided as a single sheet, but also that parts of it are connected. The side low emissivity members 34 and 44 are preferably formed with the same configuration (for example, material and thickness) as the upper low emissivity member 24, but may be different.

The floor portion 5 is an earthen floor formed by, for example, pouring concrete or the like. The floor portion 5 is not provided with a low emissivity member. Although not shown, the floor portion 5 may be formed of a heat insulating material. In that case, the heat insulating material arranged in the floor part 5 is preferably the same as the upper heat insulating material 22 of the roof part 2 and the side heat insulating materials 32, 42 of the side walls 3, 4.

It is preferable that the lower space 62 is provided with air conditioners 81 and 82 that air condition the air in the lower space 62. Particularly in the summer, the air conditioners 81 and 82 are air conditioners that can perform cooling operation mainly in the lower space 62, and are, for example, of a stationary type or a wall-mounted type. The air outlets of the air conditioners 81 and 82 are preferably inclined in the horizontal direction or below the horizontal direction, and upward rather than downward in the vertical direction. Thereby, it is possible to suppress mixing of the high temperature air in the upper space 61 heated by the roof part 2 and the low temperature air in the lower space 62, and to circulate the air only in the lower space 62.

Regarding the selection of the air conditioner, by selecting the area to be cooled in the lower space 62 and calculating or simulating the amount of radiant heat reduction from the roof 2, the equipment capacity can be improved compared to the previously installed air conditioner. Since it is possible to use an air conditioner with a low

FIG. 3 shows a structure in which the building 1 of the first embodiment is applied particularly to the winter season. The structure of the building 1 is similar to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, but the floor section 5A and the air conditioner 83A are different.

As shown in FIG. 3, it is preferable that floor heating is provided over the entire floor 5A of the building 1A. Further, it is preferable that the lower space 62 is provided with a floor-standing air conditioner 83A that heats the air in the lower space. The air conditioner 83A is a down-blow type heater whose air blowing direction is directed toward the floor 5A. Thereby, the floor portion 5A is further warmed, and radiant heat is generated from the floor portion 5A. In this embodiment, the upper low emissivity member 24 is disposed on the roof 2, and the side low emissivity members 34, 44 are disposed on the side walls 3, 4, so that the radiant heat from the floor 5A is transferred to the outside. It is possible to suppress the outflow.

The building 1 of this embodiment has an upper low emissivity member 24 on the roof 2 and side low emissivity members 34 and 44 on the side walls 3 and 4, so that solar heat can be reduced, especially in the summer. It is possible to prevent the temperature of the indoor space 6 from rising due to heat generation, and it is possible to prevent the radiant heat of the indoor space 6 from leaking outdoors, especially in winter, thereby improving the temperature environment of the space 62 below the indoor space 6. can be done.

Furthermore, especially in the summer, the upper regions of the roof 2 and side walls 3 and 4 are exposed to more solar heat, but by providing low emissivity members only in the areas exposed to solar heat, the indoor space 6 can be radiant heat can be suppressed. Therefore, even if the cooling equipment capacity is reduced, the lower space 62 of the indoor space 6 can be sufficiently cooled, so that energy saving can be improved.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing a building 1B according to the second embodiment. The building 1B of the second embodiment differs from the building 1 of the first embodiment described above in that it has a ceiling portion 25B. The side walls 3 and 4 may be the same as in the first embodiment.

The roof portion 2 of this embodiment is formed only of the first roof material 21 formed of a folded plate roof. A ceiling portion 25B is provided below the first roof material 21. In this embodiment, this ceiling portion 25B is a ceiling wall. An attic space 26B is formed between the first roof material 21 and the ceiling part 25B. The ceiling portion 25B is a partition plate that separates the indoor space 6 and the attic space 26B.

An upper insulating material 22B is provided on the indoor space 6 side of the ceiling portion 25B, and an upper emissivity member 24B is provided on the indoor space 6 side of the upper insulating material 22B. The upper heat insulating material 22B and the upper emissivity member 24B are provided on the entire surface of the ceiling portion 25B. As in the above embodiment, the upper emissivity member 24B is preferably exposed to the indoor space 6 side. Furthermore, it is preferable that the upper insulating material 22B and the side insulating materials 32, 42 are continuous, and the upper emissivity member 24B and the side low emissivity members 34, 44 are continuous.

(Modified example)
In the first and second embodiments described above, the side heat insulators 32 and 42 are provided along the entire surface of the walls 31 and 41 in the vertical direction, but they are provided only in the lower regions of the side walls 3 and 4 surrounding the lower space 62. Good too. That is, the side heat insulators 32, 42 may be provided only in the upper regions of the side walls 3, 4, and the side heat insulators 32, 42 may be provided only in the lower regions of the side walls 3, 4. As a result, especially in summer, radiant heat due to solar radiation can be suppressed in the upper space 61 which is easily exposed to solar heat, and cold air generated by air conditioning can be prevented from flowing outdoors in the lower space 62 where people stay. Furthermore, especially in winter, it is possible to suppress the warm air that has moved upward due to the providence of nature from flowing out into the outdoor space, and to suppress the warm air generated by heating in the lower space 62 where people stay from flowing out into the outdoors. can.

In this way, by providing the side heat insulating materials 32, 42 only in the upper regions of the side walls 3, 4, and providing the side heat insulating materials 32, 42 only in the lower regions of the side walls 3, 4, energy saving performance is further improved. be able to. Furthermore, since it is sufficient to provide the heat insulating material and the low emissivity member only partially, costs can be further reduced.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the upper heat insulating material 22 is arranged between the ceiling wall and the upper low emissivity member, but the upper insulating material 22 is not an essential component, and the upper low emissivity member is simply placed on the back side of the ceiling wall. It is sufficient if a rate member is provided.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the upper low emissivity member 24 is in close contact with the entire back surface of the upper insulating material 22; however, the upper low emissivity member 24 is in close contact with the entire back surface of the upper insulating material 22. There's no need. For example, a plate-shaped low emissivity member may be provided below the valley surface of the first roof material 21 of the folded plate roof to which the upper heat insulating material 22 is attached.

Although the building of the above embodiment has been described as being used for a general factory, warehouse, temporary facility, store, or other building, it may be used for other buildings such as an office building. Specifically, the present invention can be effectively applied to any building in which the roof portion 2 or the ceiling is exposed to the indoor space 6 and the height from the floor portion 5 to the roof portion 2 is high.

The above-mentioned embodiments disclosed this time are illustrative in all respects, and are not the basis for a limited interpretation. Therefore, the technical scope of the present invention is not interpreted only by the above-described embodiments, but is defined based on the claims. In addition, all changes within the meaning and range equivalent to the description of the claims are included.

1, 1A, 1B Building, 2 Roof (ceiling wall), 3, 4 Side wall, 5, 5A Floor, 6 Indoor space, 21 First roofing material, 22, 22B Upper insulation material, 23 Second roofing material, 24 , 24B upper emissivity member, 25B ceiling (ceiling wall), 31, 41 wall, 32, 42 side insulation material, 61 upper space, 62 lower space, 81, 82, 83A air conditioner, 101 building, 102 roof material, 103, 104 wall, 105 floor, 106 indoor space, 161 upper space, 162 lower space.

Claims (8)

A building in which an indoor space is formed by a ceiling wall, a side wall that supports the ceiling wall from below, and a floor located inside the side wall,
an upper low emissivity member located in a space above the indoor space and formed of a thermally emissive material having thermally emissive properties;
a side low-emissivity member disposed on the inner surface of the upper region of the side wall surrounding the upper space of the indoor space and made of a heat-radiating material having heat-radiating properties;
A building, wherein a lower region of the side wall surrounding a lower space of the indoor space is not provided with a low emissivity member. The height H of the side wall is 3 m or more,
The building according to claim 1, wherein the height of the upper region of the side wall is in a range of 1/3H or more and 1/2H or less. The building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the upper low emissivity member and the side low emissivity member are made of aluminum. The building according to claim 1, wherein the upper low emissivity member and the side low emissivity member are continuous. An upper heat insulating material is provided between the ceiling wall and the upper low emissivity member,
The side wall is provided with a side insulation material,
The building according to claim 4, wherein the side insulation material is provided between the side wall and the side low emissivity member. 6. A building according to claim 5, wherein the side insulation is provided in a lower region of the side wall and not in an upper region of the side wall. The building according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the lower space is provided with an air conditioner that conditions the air in the lower space. The building according to claim 7, wherein the air conditioner is a heater whose air blowing direction is directed toward the floor.

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