JP2023104761A - Power source device and power management system - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a power source device that can generate reverse flow power while minimizing power purchases of power.SOLUTION: A power source device 10 includes a power source unit 12 that is connected to a power line 2 connected to a power system 1, and a control unit 13 that controls operation of the power source unit 12. The control unit 13 is configured to define a target output value of output power to be supplied from the power source unit 12 to the power line 2 such that the target output value is greater, by a prescribed value, than a load power of a power load device 4 connected to the power line 2.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present invention relates to a power supply device including a power supply unit connected to a power line connected to a power system, and a control unit that controls the operation of the power supply unit, and to a power supply management system.

Patent Document 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2019-092235) describes a power generation control device that reliably maintains the inequality of power generation output<load power, that is, always prohibits reverse power flow.
Specifically, the power generation control device described in Patent Document 1 sets a time zone with small load fluctuations and a time zone with large load fluctuations. The power generation output is controlled so that the difference between the load and the power generation output) becomes small, and the power generation output is controlled so that the received power increases during times when the load fluctuation is large.

In other words, if the received power is small during times when the load fluctuation is large, the received power may become a negative value when the load power suddenly decreases, that is, the power generation output may flow backward to the power system. In the invention described in Document 1, since the power generation output is controlled so that the received power increases during times when the load fluctuation is large, the possibility of the received power becoming a negative value is low. less likely to occur. Also, even if the received power is reduced during a period of time when the load fluctuation is small, it is unlikely that the received power will become a negative value when the load power suddenly decreases. Therefore, in the invention described in Patent Document 1, power generation efficiency is improved by performing control so that the received power becomes smaller during times when the load fluctuation is small, that is, the power generation output becomes larger.

JP 2019-092235 A

Unlike Patent Document 1, which always prohibits reverse power flow, there are cases in which it is required to operate the power generator so as to allow reverse power flow. In such a case, it is necessary to avoid a situation in which power is purchased without reverse power flow.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its object is to provide a power supply device and a power management system that can generate reverse flow power while suppressing the occurrence of purchased power as much as possible. at the point.

A power supply device according to the present invention for achieving the above object is characterized in that the power supply device includes a power supply section connected to a power line connected to a power system, and a control section for controlling the operation of the power supply section. hand,
The control unit is configured to set a target output value of output power supplied from the power supply unit to the power line to a value larger than load power of a power load device connected to the power line by a predetermined value. at the point.
Here, the power supply section may include a fuel cell.
Moreover, the power supply unit may include a charging/discharging unit.

According to the above characteristic configuration, even if the load power of the power load device increases, if the amount of increase is within the predetermined value, there is a high possibility that the output power will be larger than the load power.
Therefore, it is possible to provide a power supply device capable of generating reverse flow power while suppressing the generation of purchased power as much as possible.

Another characteristic configuration of the power supply device according to the present invention is that the control unit controls the maximum load power of the power load device connected to the same power line to which the power supply unit is connected during a predetermined period in the past. The point is that the larger the difference between the value and the minimum value, the larger the predetermined value.

If the increase in output power cannot keep up with the increase in load power simply by setting the target output value to be higher than the load power, the load power may become larger than the actual output power. .
However, in this characteristic configuration, the larger the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load power, the larger the predetermined value, that is, the larger the target output value. Even if the speed of increase of the load power is slower than that of the load power, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the actual output power becomes smaller than the load power.

Still another characteristic configuration of the power supply device according to the present invention is that the control section determines the predetermined value to be a larger value as the rising change performance of the output power of the power supply section is lower.
Here, the control section can determine the rising change performance by referring to the actual rising speed of the output power of the power supply section.
Further, the control unit can determine the increase change performance by referring to the designed increase speed of the output power of the power supply unit.
Furthermore, the control unit selects the actual speed of increase of the output power of the power supply unit from among the actual speed of increase of the output power of the power supply unit and the design speed of increase of the output power of the power supply unit. The climb rate can be referenced to determine the climb change performance.

If the increase in output power cannot keep up with the increase in load power simply by setting the target output value to be higher than the load power, the load power may become larger than the actual output power. .
However, in this characteristic configuration, the lower the rising change performance of the output power of the power supply unit (for example, the lower the rising speed of the output power), the larger the predetermined value is set. can reduce the possibility that the actual output power will be smaller than the load power.

The characteristic configuration of the power supply management system according to the present invention for achieving the above object is the power supply unit installed in each of a plurality of facilities, and the power supply unit between the plurality of power supply units from a remote location outside the facility. and a management device capable of communicating and determining the predetermined value and instructing the power supply device.

According to the above characteristic configuration, in a facility where the power supply device is installed, even if the load power of the power load device increases, the output power is higher than the load power as long as the increase is within the predetermined value. more likely to grow.
Therefore, it is possible to provide a power supply management system capable of generating reverse power flow power while suppressing power purchase as much as possible in a facility where power supply devices are installed.

Another characteristic configuration of the power supply management system according to the present invention is that the management device is connected to the same power line to which the power supply unit of the power supply device is connected, during a predetermined period in the past of the power load device connected to the power line. The larger the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load power, the larger the predetermined value instructed to the power supply.

In a facility where a power supply is installed, the target output value of the output power of the power supply is set to a predetermined value higher than the load power of the power load device connected to the same power line to which the power supply section of the power supply is connected. If the increase in output power cannot follow the increase in load power, there is a possibility that the load power will become larger than the actual output power.
However, in this characteristic configuration, the management device increases the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load power of the power load device connected to the same power line to which the power supply unit of the power device is connected. By increasing the predetermined value to be instructed to the power supply device, that is, by increasing the target output value, even if the rate of increase in the output power is slower than the rate of increase in the load power, the actual output power is equal to the load power. less likely to be smaller than

Still another characteristic configuration of the power supply management system according to the present invention is that the management device increases the predetermined value to be instructed to the power supply unit as the rising change performance of the output power of the power supply unit included in the power supply unit becomes lower. It is at the point of deciding on a large value.
Here, the management device can refer to the actual increase rate of the output power of the power supply unit of the power supply device to determine the increase change performance.
Further, the management apparatus can determine the increase change performance by referring to the designed increase rate of the output power of the power supply unit provided in the power supply apparatus.
Furthermore, the management device selects the actual rate of increase of the output power of the power supply unit provided in the power supply device, and the design rate of increase of the output power of the power supply unit provided in the power supply device from the The rising change performance can be determined by referring to the actual rising speed of the output power of the power supply unit provided in the power supply device.

In a facility where a power supply is installed, the target output value of the output power of the power supply is set to a predetermined value higher than the load power of the power load device connected to the same power line to which the power supply section of the power supply is connected. If the increase in output power cannot follow the increase in load power, there is a possibility that the load power will become larger than the actual output power.
However, in this characteristic configuration, the management device increases the predetermined value to be instructed to the power supply unit as the output power rise change performance of the power supply unit included in the power supply unit is lower (for example, the output power rise rate is lower). By determining the value, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the actual output power will be smaller than the load power even if the rate of increase of the output power is slower than the rate of increase of the load power.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between facilities, management devices, and aggregation coordinators; It is a figure which shows the structural example of a facility. It is a figure which shows transition of load electric power, a target output value, and actual output electric power. It is a figure which shows transition of load electric power, a target output value, and actual output electric power. It is a figure which shows transition of load electric power, a target output value, and actual output electric power. It is a figure which shows transition of load electric power, a target output value, and actual output electric power.

<First embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between a facility 20 in which a fuel cell device 10 and a power load device 4 are installed, a management device 30, and an aggregation coordinator 40. As shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the facility 20. As shown in FIG. The power supply management system can communicate between the fuel cell devices 10 installed in each of the plurality of facilities 20 and capable of outputting power, and the plurality of fuel cell devices 10 from a remote location outside the facility 20. and a management device 30 .
The fuel cell device 10 corresponds to the "power supply device" of the present invention.

The management device 30 is also called a resource aggregator or the like, and transmits control information to the fuel cell device 10 and the power load device 4 as energy resources on the consumer side to the facility 20 that has concluded a VPP (Virtual Power Plant) service contract. By doing so, it is a business operator that controls the energy resources on the consumer side. The aggregation coordinator 40 is a business operator that aggregates the amount of electric power controlled by each management device 30 and conducts power transactions with general power transmission/distribution companies and retail power companies in the electricity trading market or the like.

The management device 30 sequentially collects and stores power information such as the output power of the fuel cell device 10 , the load power of the power load device 4 , and the receiving point power at the facility 20 from the plurality of facilities 20 . In this embodiment, the term “load power of the power load device 4 ” means the total load power of all the power load devices 4 provided in the facility 20 . In addition, the receiving point power of the facility 20 includes both the received power from the power system 1 to the facility 20 and the reverse flow power from the facility 20 to the power system 1 . The management device 30 then predicts the power that can be supplied from each facility 20 in a predetermined future time period, and transmits the prediction to the aggregation coordinator 40 . This power that can be supplied is an adjustment margin such as the ability to increase or decrease the power at the receiving point of the facility 20 . In this embodiment, "increase the power at the power receiving point" means increasing the power received from the power system 1 to the power line 2 or decreasing the reverse power flow from the power line 2 to the power system 1. , "lowering the power at the power receiving point" means reducing the power received from the power system 1 to the power line 2 or increasing the reverse flow power from the power line 2 to the power system 1.

For example, in order to increase the receiving point power of the facility 20, at least one of decreasing the output power of the fuel cell device 10 and increasing the load power of the power load device 4 is performed. The increase adjustment margin for increasing the point power indicates how much margin there is for reducing the output power of the fuel cell device 10 and how much margin there is for increasing the load power of the power load device 4 . In addition, in order to lower the receiving point power of the facility 20, at least one of increasing the output power of the fuel cell device 10 and decreasing the load power of the power load device 4 is performed. The reduction adjustment margin for decreasing the point power indicates how much margin there is for increasing the output power of the fuel cell device 10 and how much margin there is for decreasing the load power of the power load device 4 .

Also, the management device 30 determines the baseline power reception point power in the plurality of facilities 20 managed by itself. This baseline power receiving point power is predicted when each facility 20 does not supply the adjustment capacity (that is, including the adjustment capacity provided to the power transmission and distribution business operator and the supply capacity provided to the retail electricity business operator, etc.). , corresponds to the sum of the receiving point power of each facility 20 .

Aggregation coordinator 40 aggregates available power received from each management device 30 and conducts bidding in power trading markets such as supply and demand adjustment market, wholesale power market, capacity market, etc. Conducts electricity transactions with retail electricity suppliers. Then, when the aggregation coordinator 40 receives a supply command for adjustment capacity or the like in a predetermined future control target period from a general power transmission and distribution business operator or a retail electricity company with which the aggregation coordinator 40 has traded, The adjustment force and the like are distributed and transmitted to each management device 30 .

When receiving a delivery command from the aggregation coordinator 40 , the management device 30 distributes and transmits to each facility 20 the adjustment power and the like specified in the delivery command. As a result, in each facility 20, the control of the fuel cell device 10 and the electric power load device 4 as the energy resource on the consumer side is performed in a predetermined control target period in the future. As a result, adjustment power or the like for increasing or decreasing the receiving point power of the facility 20 is provided.

A facility 20 is provided with a fuel cell device 10 as a power supply device and a power load device 4 . Furthermore, in this embodiment, the facility 20 is also provided with a photovoltaic power generation device. The fuel cell device 10 , the power load device 4 and the solar power generation device are connected to a power line 2 interconnected with the power system 1 . A power meter 3 is installed on the power line 2 to measure the power at the receiving point of the facility 20 .

Information about the power at the receiving point measured by the power meter 3 is transmitted to the management device 30 via the gateway 5 and router 6 . For example, information about the power at the receiving point is transmitted to the management device 30 at predetermined timing such as every 10 seconds.

The power load device 4 is, for example, various devices such as a lighting device and an air conditioner, and can receive power supply from at least one of the fuel cell device 10 installed in the facility 20 and the power system 1 .

The fuel cell device 10 includes a fuel cell unit 12 as a power supply unit connected to a power line 2 connected to a power system 1, and converts the power generated by the fuel cell unit 12 into a predetermined voltage, frequency, and phase, and transmits the power line 2. a power conversion unit 11 that supplies power to the fuel cell unit 12, a fuel cell control unit 13 as a control unit that controls the operation of the fuel cell unit 12 and the power conversion unit 11, and a storage unit 14 that stores information handled by the fuel cell device 10 Prepare. The fuel cell device 10 may also include a fuel reformer that generates hydrogen, which is the fuel gas for the fuel cell section 12 .

Thus, it is possible to realize the fuel cell device 10 that has the function of a power supply device used in a power management system and that includes the fuel cell unit 12 as a power supply unit.

The fuel cell control unit 13 can adjust the output power from the fuel cell device 10 to the power line 2 between a predetermined upper limit output power and a predetermined lower limit output power. For example, the fuel cell control unit 13 can keep the output power of the fuel cell device 10 at the upper limit output power and operate the fuel cell device 10 continuously. The fuel cell control unit 13 can also cause the output power of the fuel cell device 10 to follow the load power of the power load device 4 . For example, the fuel cell control unit 13 adjusts the output power of the fuel cell device 10 so that the power measured by the power measurement unit 8 (that is, the power supplied from the power system 1) is zero or close to zero. By doing so, an operation that follows the load power of the power load device 4 can be performed.

Since the fuel cell control unit 13 has information about the output power supplied from the power conversion unit 11 to the power line 2 and information about the power measured by the power measurement unit 8, the load power of the power load device 4 (= output power + measured power) can be derived. If the sign of the power measured by the power measuring unit 8 is positive, it means that the load power is greater than the output power of the fuel cell device 10, and the sign of the power measured by the power measuring unit 8 is negative. means that the output power of the fuel cell device 10 is greater than the load power.

The fuel cell device 10 is connected to a remote controller 7 that is operated by a user of the facility 20 to issue commands to the fuel cell device 10 . Information about the output power and information about the load power of the fuel cell device 10 are transmitted to the management device 30 via the remote controller 7 and the router 6 . For example, the information about the output power and the information about the load power of the fuel cell device 10 are transmitted to the management device 30 at a predetermined timing such as every minute.

Next, operations of the management device 30 and the fuel cell device 10 will be described.
In this embodiment, the power supply management system can communicate between the fuel cell devices 10 installed in each of the plurality of facilities 20 and the plurality of fuel cell devices 10 from a remote location outside the facility 20. and a management device 30 . The fuel cell control unit 13 sets the target output value of the output power supplied from the fuel cell unit 12 to the power line 2 to a value larger than the load power of the power load device 4 connected to the power line 2 by a predetermined value. It is configured. This predetermined value is determined by the management device 30 and instructed to the fuel cell device 10 .

[Predetermined value determination method 1A]
As described above, the management device 30 receives information about the load power of the power load device 4 of each of the plurality of fuel cell devices 10 from each fuel cell device 10 . Then, for each of the plurality of fuel cell devices 10, the management device 30 controls the power load device 4 connected to the same power line 2 to which the fuel cell unit 12 included in the fuel cell device 10 is connected for a predetermined period in the past. The larger the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load power, that is, the larger the fluctuation range, the larger the predetermined value to be instructed to the fuel cell device 10 is set. FIG. 3 shows an example in which the difference between the maximum and minimum values of load power is large, and FIG. 4 shows an example in which the difference between the maximum and minimum values of load power is small.

In the example shown in FIG. 3, the management device 30 determines a large value of +200 W as the predetermined value α when the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load power in the past predetermined period is large. . Then, the management device 30 instructs the determined predetermined value α=+200W to the fuel cell device 10 . As a result, the fuel cell control unit 13 of the fuel cell device 10 sets the target output value of the output power supplied from the fuel cell unit 12 to the power line 2 (that is, supplied from the power conversion unit 11 to the power line 2) as load power. set to a value that is +200 W greater than That is, the fuel cell control unit 13 adjusts the output power of the fuel cell device 10 so that the power measured by the power measurement unit 8 is −200 W, that is, the reverse flow power to the power system 1 is 200 W. Adjust. By setting such a target output value, as shown in FIG. 3, the actual output power is larger than the load power and changes while following the load power well.

In the example shown in FIG. 4, the management device 30 determines the predetermined value α to be a small value of +100 W when the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load power in the past predetermined period is small. . Then, the management device 30 instructs the determined predetermined value α=+100W to the fuel cell device 10 . As a result, the fuel cell control unit 13 of the fuel cell device 10 sets the target output value of the output power supplied from the fuel cell unit 12 to the power line 2 (that is, supplied from the power conversion unit 11 to the power line 2) as load power. set to a value that is +100 W greater than That is, the fuel cell control unit 13 adjusts the output power of the fuel cell device 10 so that the power measured by the power measurement unit 8 is −100 W, that is, the reverse flow power to the power system 1 is 100 W. Adjust. By setting such a target output value, as shown in FIG. 4, the actual output power is larger than the load power and changes while following the load power well.

Thus, in the facility 20 where the fuel cell device 10 is installed, the target output value of the output power of the fuel cell device 10 is set to the power load connected to the same power line 2 as the fuel cell unit 12 of the fuel cell device 10. If the increase in the output power cannot follow the increase in the load power simply by setting the load power of the device 4 to be larger than the load power by a predetermined value, the load power may become larger than the actual output power. However, in this determination method 1A, the greater the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load power, the greater the management device 30 increases the predetermined value to be instructed to the fuel cell device 10, i.e., the target output value. By increasing it, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the actual output power will be smaller than the load power even if the rate of increase in the output power is slower than the rate of increase in the load power.

[Predetermined value determination method 1B]
The management device 30 determines a larger value for the predetermined value to be instructed to the fuel cell device 10 as the rising change performance of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 provided in the fuel cell device 10 is lower. FIG. 5 shows an example in which the rising change performance of the output power is low, and FIG. 6 shows an example in which the rising change performance of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 is high.

For example, the management device 30 receives information about the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 (that is, the output power of the power conversion unit 11) from each of the plurality of fuel cell devices 10, as described above. The management device 30 can derive the rate of increase in the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 for each of the plurality of fuel cell devices 10 . As a result, the management device 30 can determine the average value, the minimum value, the maximum value, and the like of the rate of increase in output power over a predetermined period in the past as values corresponding to the performance of increasing output power. In other words, the management device 30 refers to the actual increase speed of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 provided in the fuel cell device 10 (that is, the actually measured increase speed) to determine the increase change performance. Then, the management device 30 determines the predetermined value in accordance with the determined increase change performance of the output power. For example, the management device 30 sets the predetermined value to a large value when the rising speed of the output power is low, and sets the predetermined value to a small value when the rising speed of the output power is high.

Alternatively, the management device 30 stores, for each of the plurality of fuel cell devices 10, information about the design increase speed of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 included in the fuel cell device 10. FIG. As a result, the management device 30 determines the climbing change performance with reference to the designed climbing speed. For example, the management device 30 sets the predetermined value to a large value when the design output power rise speed is low, and sets the predetermined value to a small value when the design output power rise speed is high. .

Alternatively, the management device 30 determines whether the fuel cell device 10 is the actual increase speed of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 provided in the fuel cell device 10 or the design increase speed of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12. The increase change performance may be determined with reference to the actual increase speed of the output power of the provided fuel cell unit 12 . In other words, when the management device 30 stores both the actual increase speed of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 provided in the fuel cell device 10 and the design increase speed of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12, Among them, the predetermined value can be determined by referring to the actual increase speed of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 . In other words, the actually measured value takes precedence.

In the example shown in FIG. 5, the management device 30 determines that the rate of increase in the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 provided in the fuel cell device 10 is low, that is, that the performance of increasing output power is low, and sets the predetermined value α to A large value of +200 W is determined. Then, the management device 30 instructs the determined predetermined value α=+200W to the fuel cell device 10 . Then, the fuel cell control unit 13 of the fuel cell device 10 sets the target output value of the output power supplied from the fuel cell unit 12 to the power line 2 (that is, supplied from the power conversion unit 11 to the power line 2) higher than the load power. Set to +200W higher. That is, the fuel cell control unit 13 adjusts the output power of the fuel cell device 10 so that the power measured by the power measurement unit 8 is −200 W, that is, the reverse flow power to the power system 1 is 200 W. Adjust. By setting such a target output value, as shown in FIG. 5, the actual output power changes while well following the load power.

In the example shown in FIG. 6, the management device 30 determines that the rate of increase in the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 is high, that is, that the output power increase change performance is high, and determines the predetermined value α to be a small value of +100 W. are doing. Then, the management device 30 instructs the determined predetermined value α=+100W to the fuel cell device 10 . Then, the fuel cell control unit 13 of the fuel cell device 10 sets the target output value of the output power supplied from the fuel cell unit 12 to the power line 2 (that is, supplied from the power conversion unit 11 to the power line 2) higher than the load power. Set to +100W higher. That is, the fuel cell control unit 13 adjusts the output power of the fuel cell device 10 so that the power measured by the power measurement unit 8 is −100 W, that is, the reverse flow power to the power system 1 is 100 W. Adjust. By setting such a target output value, as shown in FIG. 6, the actual output power changes while following the load power satisfactorily.

Thus, in the facility 20 where the fuel cell device 10 is installed, the target output value of the output power of the fuel cell device 10 is set to the power load connected to the same power line 2 as the fuel cell unit 12 of the fuel cell device 10. If the increase in the output power cannot follow the increase in the load power only by setting the load power of the device 4 to be larger than the load power by a predetermined value, there is a possibility that the actual increase in the output power cannot follow the increase in the load power. However, in this determination method 1B, the predetermined value to be instructed to the fuel cell device 10 is set to a larger value as the rising change performance of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 is lower (for example, as the rate of increase of the output power is lower). That is, by increasing the target output value, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the actual output power will be smaller than the load power even if the rate of increase in the output power is slower than the rate of increase in the load power.

As described above, in the facility 20 in which the fuel cell device 10 is installed, even if the load power of the power load device 4 increases, if the increase is within the predetermined value, the fuel cell The output power of the device 10 is more likely to be greater than the load power. Therefore, in the facility 20 where the fuel cell device 10 is installed, it is possible to provide a power supply management system capable of generating reverse flow power while suppressing the generation of purchased power as much as possible.

<Second embodiment>
The second embodiment differs from the above embodiment in that the fuel cell device 10 as a power supply device determines the predetermined value. The second embodiment will be described below, but the description of the same configuration as the above embodiment will be omitted.

The fuel cell control unit 13 sets the target output value of the output power supplied from the fuel cell unit 12 to the power line 2 to a value larger than the load power of the power load device 4 connected to the power line 2 by a predetermined value. It is configured. This predetermined value can be set as appropriate.

[Predetermined value determination method 2A]
The fuel cell control unit 13 detects the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load power of the power load device 4 connected to the same power line 2 to which the fuel cell unit 12 is connected in a predetermined period in the past, that is, The predetermined value can be determined to be a larger value as the fluctuation width is larger. FIG. 3 shows an example in which the difference between the maximum and minimum values of load power is large, and FIG. 4 shows an example in which the difference between the maximum and minimum values of load power is small.

In the example shown in FIG. 3, the fuel cell control unit 13 sets the predetermined value α to a large value of +200 W when the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load power in the past predetermined period is large. ing. Then, the fuel cell control unit 13 sets the target output value of the output power supplied from the fuel cell unit 12 to the power line 2 (that is, supplied from the power conversion unit 11 to the power line 2) to a value larger than the load power by +200 W. set. That is, the fuel cell control unit 13 adjusts the output power of the fuel cell device 10 so that the power measured by the power measurement unit 8 is −200 W, that is, the reverse flow power to the power system 1 is 200 W. Adjust. By setting such a target output value, as shown in FIG. 3, the actual output power changes while well following the load power.

In the example shown in FIG. 4, the fuel cell control unit 13 sets the predetermined value α to a small value of +100 W when the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load power in the past predetermined period is small. ing. Then, the fuel cell control unit 13 sets the target output value of the output power supplied from the fuel cell unit 12 to the power line 2 (that is, supplied from the power conversion unit 11 to the power line 2) to a value larger than the load power by +100 W. set. That is, the fuel cell control unit 13 adjusts the output power of the fuel cell device 10 so that the power measured by the power measurement unit 8 is −100 W, that is, the reverse flow power to the power system 1 is 100 W. Adjust. By setting such a target output value, as shown in FIG. 4, the actual output power changes while well following the load power.

In this way, if the increase in output power cannot follow the increase in load power simply by setting the target output value of the output power to be larger than the load power by a predetermined value, the load power will be larger than the actual output power. may become. However, in this determination method 2A, the larger the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load power, the larger the predetermined value, that is, the larger the target output value. is slower than the load power rise rate, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the actual output power will be smaller than the load power.

[Predetermined value determination method 2B]
The fuel cell control unit 13 sets the predetermined value to a larger value as the output power increase performance of the fuel cell unit 12 is lower. FIG. 5 shows an example in which the rising change performance of the output power is low, and FIG. 6 shows an example in which the rising change performance of the output power is high.

For example, the fuel cell control unit 13 can measure the actual increase speed of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 (that is, the output power of the power conversion unit 11) and store it in the storage unit 14. FIG. As a result, the fuel cell control unit 13 can determine the average value, the minimum value, the maximum value, etc. of the rate of increase in output power over a predetermined period in the past as values corresponding to the performance of increasing output power. That is, the fuel cell control unit 13 refers to the actual increase speed of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 to determine the increase change performance. Then, the fuel cell control unit 13 determines the predetermined value according to the determined output power increase change performance. For example, the fuel cell control unit 13 sets the predetermined value to a large value when the actual increase speed of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 is low, and sets the predetermined value to a large value when the actual increase speed of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 is high. determines the predetermined value to be a small value.

Alternatively, the fuel cell control unit 13 stores information about the design increase speed of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 . As a result, the fuel cell control unit 13 refers to the designed rising speed to determine the rising change performance. For example, the fuel cell control unit 13 sets the predetermined value to a large value when the design output power rise speed is low, and sets the predetermined value to a small value when the design output power rise speed is high. decide.

Alternatively, the fuel cell control unit 13 selects the actual rate of increase in the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 and the design rate of increase in the output power of the fuel cell unit 12. Climb rate may be referenced to determine climb change performance. That is, the fuel cell control unit 13 stores both the actual increase rate of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 measured by the fuel cell device 10 and the designed increase rate of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12. If so, the predetermined value can be determined by referring to the actual increase speed of the output power of the fuel cell unit 12 among them. In other words, the actually measured value takes precedence.

In the example shown in FIG. 5, the fuel cell control unit 13 determines that the actual increase speed of the output power is low, that is, that the output power increase change performance is low, and determines the predetermined value α to be a large value of +200 W. ing. Then, the fuel cell control unit 13 sets the target output value of the output power supplied from the fuel cell unit 12 to the power line 2 (that is, supplied from the power conversion unit 11 to the power line 2) to a value larger than the load power by +200 W. set. That is, the fuel cell control unit 13 adjusts the output power of the fuel cell device 10 so that the power measured by the power measurement unit 8 is −200 W, that is, the reverse flow power to the power system 1 is 200 W. Adjust. By setting such a target output value, as shown in FIG. 5, the actual output power changes while well following the load power.

In the example shown in FIG. 6, the fuel cell control unit 13 determines that the rate of rise of the output power is high, that is, that the output power rise change performance is high, and determines the predetermined value α to be a small value of +100 W. . Then, the fuel cell control unit 13 sets the target output value of the output power supplied from the fuel cell unit 12 to the power line 2 (that is, supplied from the power conversion unit 11 to the power line 2) to a value larger than the load power by +100 W. set. That is, the fuel cell control unit 13 adjusts the output power of the fuel cell device 10 so that the power measured by the power measurement unit 8 is −100 W, that is, the reverse flow power to the power system 1 is 100 W. Adjust. By setting such a target output value, as shown in FIG. 6, the actual output power changes while following the load power satisfactorily.

In this way, if the increase in output power cannot follow the increase in load power simply by setting the target output value of the output power to be larger than the load power by a predetermined value, the actual increase in output power will be greater than the load power. It may not be able to keep up with the increase. However, in this determination method 2B, the lower the rising change performance of the output power of the power supply unit (for example, the lower the rising speed of the output power), the larger the predetermined value is set. Even if it is slower than the power increase speed, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the actual output power will be smaller than the load power.

As described above, in the fuel cell device 10 of the present embodiment, even if the load power of the power load device 4 increases, if the increase is within the predetermined value, the output power of the fuel cell device 10 is higher. It is more likely that it will be greater than the load power. Therefore, it is possible to provide the fuel cell device 10 that can generate reverse flow power while suppressing the generation of purchased power as much as possible.

<Another embodiment>
<1>
In the above embodiment, the configuration of the power supply device and the power management system of the present invention has been described with specific examples, but the configuration can be changed as appropriate.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the power supply unit included in the power supply device has the fuel cell unit 12, but the power supply unit may be another device capable of outputting electric power. For example, the power supply unit may be a device that includes a charge/discharge unit such as a storage battery. In this case, a charging/discharging device having the function of a power supply device used in a power management system and having a charging/discharging unit as a power supply unit is realized.
Alternatively, the power supply may be a device or the like that includes an engine and a generator driven by the engine.

<2>
In the above-described embodiment, the specific numerical values of the predetermined value α used when setting the target output value are illustrated, but these numerical values are described for the purpose of illustration and can be changed as appropriate. Also, the changes in the load power, the target output value, and the actual output power shown in FIGS. 3 to 6 are shown for illustrative purposes, and differ from actual numerical values.

<3>
The configurations disclosed in the above embodiments (including other embodiments, the same applies hereinafter) can be applied in combination with the configurations disclosed in other embodiments unless there is a contradiction, and the configurations disclosed in this specification The embodiments are exemplifications, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and can be modified as appropriate without departing from the scope of the present invention.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for a power supply device and a power management system capable of generating reverse flow power while suppressing power purchases as much as possible.

1 power system 2 power line 3 power meter 4 power load device 5 gateway 6 router 7 remote control 8 power measurement unit 10 fuel cell device (power source device)
11 power conversion unit 12 fuel cell unit (power supply unit)
13 fuel cell control unit (control unit)
14 storage unit 20 facility 30 management device 40 aggregation coordinator

Claims (14)

A power supply device comprising: a power supply unit connected to a power line connected to a power system; and a control unit controlling the operation of the power supply unit,
The control unit is configured to set a target output value of output power supplied from the power supply unit to the power line to a value larger than load power of a power load device connected to the power line by a predetermined value. Power supply. 2. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein said power supply unit comprises a fuel cell. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the power supply unit includes a charging/discharging unit. As the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load power in the past predetermined period of the power load device connected to the same power line to which the power supply unit is connected increases, the control unit The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the predetermined value is determined to be a large value. The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control unit sets the predetermined value to a larger value as the output power of the power supply unit has a lower rising change performance. 6. The power supply device according to claim 5, wherein said control unit determines said increase change performance with reference to an actual increase speed of said output power of said power supply unit. 6. The power supply device according to claim 5, wherein said control unit determines said increase change performance with reference to a designed increase speed of said output power of said power supply unit. The control unit determines the actual increase speed of the output power of the power supply unit from among the actual increase speed of the output power of the power supply unit and the design increase speed of the output power of the power supply unit. 6. The power supply device according to claim 5, wherein said rising change performance is determined by reference. The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is installed in each of a plurality of facilities;
and a management device capable of communicating with the plurality of power supply devices from a remote location outside the facility, and determining the predetermined value and instructing the power supply devices. The management device determines a value between a maximum value and a minimum value of the load power of the power load device connected to the same power line to which the power source section of the power source device is connected, during a predetermined period in the past. 10. The power management system according to claim 9, wherein the larger the difference, the larger the predetermined value to be instructed to the power supply. 10. The power management system according to claim 9, wherein the management device determines a larger value as the predetermined value to be instructed to the power supply device as the output power change performance of the power supply unit provided in the power supply device is lower. 12. The power management system according to claim 11, wherein said management device refers to an actual rate of increase in said output power of said power supply unit provided in said power supply device to determine said increase change performance. 12. The power management system according to claim 11, wherein said management device refers to a designed rise speed of said output power of said power supply unit provided in said power supply device to determine said rise change performance. The management device selects an actual rate of increase in the output power of the power supply unit provided in the power supply device and a designed rate of increase in the output power of the power supply unit provided in the power supply device. 12. The power management system according to claim 11, wherein the increase change performance is determined by referring to the actual increase speed of the output power of the provided power supply unit.

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