JP2023082228A - Synchronous motor and motor assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a synchronous motor in which energy required for exciting an excitation element is reduced.SOLUTION: A synchronous motor includes a rotor, a stator, a first magnetic field, a second magnetic field, and an excitation element. The first field includes a plurality of permanent magnets wrapped around the axis of rotation. The second field includes a plurality of permanent magnets wrapped around the axis of rotation and the rotor. The excitation element is disposed in a space between the permanent magnets in the second field to generate a varying magnetic field that rotates the rotor. Each of the permanent magnets of the first magnetic field generates a magnetic field having magnetic lines of force in a direction perpendicular to the radial direction viewed from the rotation axis. Each of the permanent magnet of the second field generates a magnetic field having magnetic lines of force in a direction coinciding with the radial direction seen from the rotation axis. The excitation element includes an excitation coil that generates a varying magnetic field, and a soft magnetic material that is adjacent to the excitation coil and is magnetized in the same direction as the magnetic lines of force of the magnetic field applied from the outside.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

The present invention relates to a synchronous motor and a motor assembly provided with this synchronous motor.

A synchronous motor is a rotor that rotates around a single axis of rotation. A motor that realizes With respect to this synchronous motor, there is a technique of arranging a plurality of permanent magnets around the rotor in such a manner that the magnetic poles on the rotor side are either S poles or N poles. It was publicly known (see, for example, Patent Document 1 below).

JP-A-55-136867

In the prior art described in Patent Document 1, an electromagnet, which is an exciting element disposed between permanent magnets surrounding the rotor, is arranged such that the rotor-side end of the electromagnet is of the same kind as the rotor-side magnetic pole of the permanent magnet. A fluctuating magnetic field is generated by exciting the magnetic poles of For this reason, in the conventional technology described above, when exciting the excitation element, the permanent magnet and the electromagnet surrounding the rotor must be repelled and biased by their mutual magnetic force. required a lot of energy.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention makes it possible, in a synchronous motor, to avoid requiring a large amount of energy when exciting an exciting element.

According to one aspect of the invention, a synchronous motor is provided that includes a rotor, a stator, a first field, a second field, and an excitation element. Here, the rotor is capable of rotational motion rotating around a single rotation axis. Also, the stator is arranged to surround the rotating shaft and the rotor. Also, the first magnetic field is an assembly having a plurality of permanent magnets arranged in the rotor around the axis of rotation. Also, the second field is an assembly having a plurality of permanent magnets disposed in the stator so as to encircle the axis of rotation and the rotor. Also, the excitation element is disposed in at least one of the spaces between the permanent magnets in the second magnetic field and generates a varying magnetic field that imparts angular momentum to the first magnetic field to rotate the rotor. be. Each permanent magnet of the first magnetic field is arranged so that its magnetization direction is perpendicular to the radial direction as seen from the rotation axis, thereby generating a magnetic field having magnetic lines of force in the direction perpendicular to the radial direction. generate. Each permanent magnet of the second magnetic field has its magnetic pole on the rotor side unified to either S pole or N pole, and its magnetization direction coincides with the radial direction viewed from the rotating shaft. A magnetic field having magnetic lines of force in a direction coinciding with this radial direction is generated. The excitation element is an assembly comprising an excitation coil and a soft magnetic material. Here, the excitation coil can generate a fluctuating magnetic field by being excited so that the end on the rotor side becomes the same kind of magnetic pole as the magnetic pole on the rotor side in each permanent magnet of the second field. coil. In addition, the soft magnetic material is adjacent to the excitation coil, protrudes from the stator toward the rotor, and is magnetized in the same direction as the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field in response to the magnetic field applied from the outside. is.

According to the above synchronous motor, when the exciting element is excited, the rotor-side end of the soft magnetic body adjacent to the exciting coil is different from the rotor-side magnetic poles of the permanent magnets and the exciting coil of the second field. They function as magnetic poles of a different kind, providing a refuge for magnetic field lines passing through these poles. As a result, when the excitation element is excited, the excitation coil and the permanent magnets of the second field are prevented from repelling each other due to their magnetic force, thereby avoiding the need for a large amount of energy to excite the excitation element. be able to.

In addition, in the above synchronous motor, when the rotor is stationary, the first magnetic field is in a magnetically unstable balanced state. At this time, if the magnetic field generated by the excitation element is varied, this variation becomes a perturbation that breaks the balanced state, and serves as a trigger that gives the first magnetic field an angular momentum that rotates the rotor. As a result, the stopped rotor of the synchronous motor can be easily moved, and the electrical energy required to start the synchronous motor can be reduced.

In the above synchronous motor, when the rotor is rotating, each of the magnetic fields of the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field generates a force having a directional component that moves the stator and rotor away from each other. As a result, it is possible to reduce the catching of the rotating rotor in the synchronous motor and to reduce the electric energy required to drive the synchronous motor.

In the above-described synchronous motor, it is preferable that one excitation element is provided in each of the spaces, and the excitation coils operate synchronously.

According to the above synchronous motor, it is possible to operate a plurality of excitation elements so as not to interfere with each other, thereby increasing the driving force of the rotor rotated by the excitation elements.

In the synchronous motor described above, the excitation element is an assembly in which the first coil and the second coil, which are two coils adjacent to each other in the direction of rotation of the rotor, are connected to wiring systems independent of each other. is preferred. In this embodiment, the first coil and the second coil each have a core made of soft magnetic material that is magnetized in the same direction as the magnetic field applied from the outside. Furthermore, the synchronous motor has a controller for switching between a first control state and a second control state. Here, in the first control state, current is passed through the first coil to function as an excitation coil, while no current is passed through the second coil. This is the state in which the core functions as a soft magnetic material. In the second control state, the core of the first coil functions as a soft magnetic material by not passing current through the first coil, while current is passed through the second coil and the second coil is activated. This is a state in which the coil functions as an excitation coil.

According to the above synchronous motor, the permanent magnet of the first field is positioned opposite the exciting coil, and the fluctuating magnetic field generated by this exciting coil converts the angular momentum that rotates the rotor into the first field. When the angular momentum is no longer given to the first magnetic field, the coils serving as the exciting coils can be replaced to give the above angular momentum to the first magnetic field.

In the above synchronous motor, when the coils that become the excitation coils are exchanged, the coils to which the current does not flow are changed to maintain the induced electromotive force in the direction that maintains the magnetic field generated in this coil. It functions as an inductor that produces As a result, it is possible to reduce the loss due to the attraction of the core of the coil, through which the current is not passed, to the permanent magnet of the first magnetic field.

In the above synchronous motor, it is preferable that the plurality of permanent magnets in the second magnetic field include the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet. Here, the first permanent magnet is adjacent to the excitation element from the upstream side in the rotational direction. The second permanent magnet is adjacent to the excitation element from the downstream side in the rotation direction, and sandwiches the excitation element from both the upstream side and the downstream side together with the first permanent magnet. In addition, the first coil and the second coil are arranged in the rotation direction in the space between the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet, and the first coil is arranged closer to the second coil than the second coil. are also positioned on the upstream side. The controller performs the first control during the period from when the permanent magnet of the first field provided in the rotating rotor passes through the position facing the first permanent magnet until it reaches the position facing the first coil. realize the state. Also, the controller realizes the second control state from when the permanent magnet of the first field passes the position facing the first coil until it reaches the position facing the second coil.

According to the above synchronous motor, the controller operates to lengthen the time during which the fluctuating magnetic field that gives the angular momentum that rotates the rotor acts on the first magnetic field, so that the rotor can be rotated more smoothly.

In the synchronous motor described above, each coil in the excitation element is preferably a solenoid coil formed by winding a wire around salient poles protruding from a side surface of the stator facing the rotation shaft toward the rotation shaft. In this aspect, the permanent magnets of the second magnetic field are arranged such that the distance from the edge adjacent to the exciting element to the rotation axis is longer than the first distance. there is Here, the first distance is the shortest distance from the tip of the salient pole of the solenoid coil adjacent to the edge to the rotating shaft.

According to the above synchronous motor, when the permanent magnet of the first field faces the exciting coil and the distance between the permanent magnet and the exciting coil becomes relatively close, the permanent magnet of the first field and the permanent magnets of the second field are relatively far apart. As a result, when the fluctuating magnetic field of the excitation coil acts on the permanent magnet of the first field, the influence of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet of the second field on this action can be reduced.

In the above synchronous motor, it is preferable that one excitation element is arranged in each of the spaces. In this aspect, the salient poles in each excitation element are arranged such that their first distances are equal. Further, the permanent magnets of the second magnetic field are arranged so that the second distance, which is the shortest distance from the end on the rotating shaft side to the rotating shaft, is equal. Also, the first distance is set to be the same distance as the second distance.

According to the above-described synchronous motor, both the magnetic fields of the permanent magnets of the second field and the exciting coil act strongly on the permanent magnets of the first field, thereby increasing the driving force of the rotor. can be done.

In the synchronous motor described above, each coil in the excitation element is preferably a solenoid coil formed by winding a wire around salient poles protruding from a side surface of the stator facing the rotation shaft toward the rotation shaft. In this aspect, the end of the salient pole of the solenoid coil on the rotating shaft side is provided with a weak magnetic structure that partially weakens the strength of the magnetic field generated at the end when the solenoid coil is excited. It is

According to the above synchronous motor, when the excitation coil of the excitation element operates, the strength of the magnetic field generated at the end of the first magnetic field on the permanent magnet side is weakened, so that the excitation coil The energy required for operation can be reduced.

In the above synchronous motor, it is preferable that the weak magnetic structure is a structure in which the number of turns of windings at the ends of the solenoid coil is partially reduced.

As a method of providing a weak magnetic structure in which the strength of the generated magnetic field is partially weakened in the solenoid coil, in addition to the method of partially reducing the number of turns of the winding, the core of the solenoid coil (winding A method is known in which a part of an object around which a coil is wound is made of a material having a lower magnetic permeability than the other part. Here, since the synchronous motor described above employs a method of partially reducing the number of turns of the windings at the ends of the solenoid coil, some of the salient poles around which the windings are wound have a higher magnetic permeability than the other portions. It does not need to be made of a material with a low molecular weight, thus reducing the labor involved in producing a synchronous motor.

Also provided is an invention of a motor assembly comprising a plurality of the above synchronous motors. Here, the multiple synchronous motors include a first motor and a second motor that share one shaft as a rotation axis. In the first motor, the permanent magnets of the first field and the excitation elements are equiangularly isotropically arranged so that the permanent magnets of the first field are aligned with the rotor during the rotational motion. A first state of being attracted to a permanent magnet of a second field on the downstream side in the direction of rotation is achieved. In the second motor, the permanent magnets of the first field and the excitation elements are equiangularly isotropically arranged so that the permanent magnets of the first field rotate during the rotational motion. A second state is achieved that attracts the permanent magnets of the second field downstream in the direction. The timing at which the first state is realized and the timing at which the second state is realized are set to be different timings.

According to the motor assembly described above, the timing at which the magnetic attraction that causes the rotation of the shaft occurs can be increased by cooperation between the first motor and the second motor, thereby making the rotation of the shaft smoother. .

In the above motor assembly, the permanent magnets of the second field in the second motor are equiangularly isotropically arranged, and at the timing when the first state is realized, A mode in which the excitation element faces each other is preferred.

According to the above motor assembly, in the second motor, the permanent magnet of the first magnetic field faces the exciting element, and the fluctuating magnetic field generated by this exciting element converts the angular momentum that rotates the shaft into the first magnetic field. The attraction of each permanent magnet of the first field to the permanent magnet of the second field in the first motor when the field is de-energized causes the shaft to rotate.

The synchronous motor and motor assembly of the present invention can reduce energy loss due to magnetic field disturbances associated with the activation and deactivation of excitation elements.

It is a right side view showing motor assembly 10 concerning one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. 2; 4 is an end view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 3; FIG. FIG. 4 is an end view taken along line VV of FIG. 3; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining operations of a first motor 20 and a second motor 30 in FIG. 3; 4. It is explanatory drawing which demonstrates the operation|movement of the 1st motor 20 and the 2nd motor 30 of FIG. 3 in the aspect developed|developed so that 20 A of cylindrical surfaces of FIG. 4 might be a plane. 4. It is explanatory drawing which demonstrates the operation|movement of the 1st motor 20 and the 2nd motor 30 of FIG. 3 in the aspect developed|developed so that 20 A of cylindrical surfaces of FIG. 4 might be a plane. 4. It is explanatory drawing which demonstrates the operation|movement of the 1st motor 20 and the 2nd motor 30 of FIG. 3 in the aspect developed|developed so that 20 A of cylindrical surfaces of FIG. 4 might be a plane.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Below, the form for implementing this invention is demonstrated using drawing.

First, a motor assembly 10 according to one embodiment of the invention will be described. This motor assembly 10, as shown in FIG. 3, comprises a first motor 20 and a second motor 30, each of which is a synchronous motor according to one embodiment of the present invention. These first motor 20 and second motor 30 share one shaft 11 and rotate this shaft 11 with electrical energy supplied from the controller 10B.

In the present embodiment, the controller 10B is a power supply device capable of outputting both alternating current and direct current, and the waveform of the output current is, for example, a sine wave, triangular wave, rectangular wave, pulse wave. It is a power supply that can be set to any waveform including As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the shaft 11 has both ends formed into a long cylindrical round shaft portion 11A, and an intermediate portion sandwiched between the round shaft portions 11A is formed into a long square shaft. A square shaft portion 11B having a prismatic shape is formed.

The first motor 20, as shown in FIGS. 2-4, comprises a first magnetic field 23 which is an assembly having a plurality (four in this embodiment) of permanent magnets 23A. Also, as shown in FIG. 5, the second motor 30 includes a first magnetic field system 33 which is an assembly having a plurality of (four in this embodiment) permanent magnets 33A. In this embodiment, an annular spacer is provided between the first magnetic field 23 of the first motor 20 and the first magnetic field 33 of the second motor 30 to prevent them from approaching each other. 10C (see FIG. 3) is provided.

Here, the second motor 30 is the same as the first motor 20 except that the arrangement position of the permanent magnet 33A is different from the arrangement position of the permanent magnet 23A in the first motor 20 (see FIG. 2). has exactly the same configuration as For this reason, in the following, the detailed description of the first motor 20 and the second motor 30 will be representatively given by the description of each configuration of the first motor 20 . Then, each configuration of the second motor 30 is assigned a reference number obtained by replacing the tens digit of the reference number assigned to each configuration of the first motor 20 with "3". detailed description is omitted.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the first motor 20 includes a disk-shaped rotor 21 in which a first magnetic field 23 is arranged, and a stator 22 arranged around the rotor 21. Prepare. The rotor 21 is integrated with the square shaft portion 11B of the shaft 11 by cooling fit, so that the rotor 21 can rotate around (circumferentially) the axis of the shaft 11 as the rotation axis 10A. be done. The stator 22 is formed to form a regular dodecagonal cylinder, and is placed in the housing 12 with the rotor 21 accommodated inside the cylinder, thereby surrounding the rotating shaft 10A and the rotor 21. placed in the state.

The housing 12 is a metal circular duct extending along the axis of the shaft 11 (that is, the rotation axis 10A), as shown in FIGS. A base fitting 12A is provided on the outer surface of the housing 12 for screwing the housing 12 to another article (not shown).

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the inner surface of the housing 12 is engaged with the stator 22 inserted in the housing 12 so that the stator 22 can move radially and circumferentially of the shaft 11. There are provided four engaging portions 12B forming a base for regulating the. Long screws 12D longer than the circular duct formed by the housing 12 (see FIG. 1) are inserted one by one through these engaging portions 12B.

Both ends of the circular duct formed by the housing 12 are closed by closing plates 12C, as shown in FIGS. These closing plates 12C are fixed to the housing 12 by fastening to four long screws 12D. Each of the two closing plates 12C has a bearing 12E to pivotally support the shaft 11 so that it can rotate.

The stator 22, as shown in FIG. 4, is a cylinder made of a soft magnetic material (for example, silicon iron). 4 salient poles 22A and 8 salient poles 22A and 8 salient poles from the inner side of the cylinder (the side facing the rotating shaft 10A in FIG. 4) toward the inner side (the side facing the rotating shaft 10A in FIG. 4). 22B is projected. These salient poles 22A and 22B are made of the same soft magnetic material as the stator 22 cylinder. In this embodiment, each salient pole 22A, 22B of the stator 22 in the first motor 20 and each salient pole 32A, 32B (see FIG. 5) of the stator 32 in the second motor 30 are arranged around the shaft 11. The amount of misalignment in the direction is set to 0°.

Each of the four salient poles 22A is an inner peripheral rib extending in the height direction (the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 4) in the cylinder of the stator 22, and is equiangularly isotropic on the inner surface of the cylinder of the stator 22. distributed. These salient poles 22A protrude toward the inner side of the cylinder of the stator 22 (the side facing the rotating shaft 10A in FIG. 4), and each of the protruding tip end faces is a square prism with the rotating shaft 10A as the central axis. It is made into the plane which makes each side.

Each of the eight salient poles 22B is a plate-shaped inner peripheral rib extending in the height direction (the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 4) of the cylinder of the stator 22, and is set between the four salient poles 22A. A set of two is arranged in each of the four spaces 20B. These salient poles 22B protrude toward the inner side of the cylinder of the stator 22 (the side facing the rotating shaft 10A in FIG. 4) with a projection amount longer than that of the salient poles 22A.

In each salient pole 22B, the end portion 22C on the side of the rotating shaft 10A is hollowed out so that the protruding end surface forms part of the virtual cylindrical surface 20A with the rotating shaft 10A as the central axis. It is In other words, in each salient pole 22B, the first distance 10D, which is the shortest distance from the tip of the end portion 22C on the rotating shaft 10A side to the rotating shaft 10A, is made equal.

The rotor 21 is mounted on the outer surface of a phenolic resin cylinder that is tightly fitted to the square shaft portion 11B of the shaft 11. The rotor 21 penetrates the cylinder in the height direction (the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 2). Four dovetail grooves 21A are arranged equiangularly and isotropically. As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, four permanent magnets 23A (specifically, neodymium magnets, for example) of the first magnetic field 23 are attached one by one to these dovetail grooves 21A.

Each permanent magnet 23A has a dovetail shape corresponding to the dovetail groove 21A, and is fitted over the entire length of the dovetail groove 21A so as not to be separated from the dovetail groove 21A. As a result, the four permanent magnets 23A of the first magnetic field 23 form an assembly that surrounds the rotating shaft 10A in the rotor 21. As shown in FIG. Here, the dovetail groove refers to a groove in which the width of the opening portion is narrower than the width of the bottom portion by sloping the wall portion, and the sliding dovetail is a groove. It is a plate-like portion that can be fitted into the dovetail groove by being slid into the dovetail groove from the direction in which the dovetail groove extends.

In the second motor 30, the rotor 31 is a cylinder made of phenolic resin that is tightly fitted to the angular shaft portion 11B of the shaft 11, as shown in FIG. Four dovetail grooves 31A extending through the cylinder in the height direction (the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 2) are equiangularly isotropically arranged on the outer surface of the cylinder. Four permanent magnets 33A (specifically, neodymium magnets, for example) of the first magnetic field 33 are attached one by one to these dovetail grooves 31A.

Each permanent magnet 33A has a dovetail shape corresponding to the dovetail groove 31A, and is fitted over the entire length of the dovetail groove 31A so as not to be separated from the dovetail groove 31A. Thus, in the second motor 30, the four permanent magnets 33A of the first magnetic field 33 form an assembly arranged in the rotor 31 so as to surround the rotating shaft 10A. Further, the permanent magnets 23A of the first field 23 in the first motor 20 and the permanent magnets 33A of the first field 33 in the second motor 30 are located at positions when viewed in the circumferential direction of the shaft 11. A first amount (45° in FIGS. 4 and 5), which is the amount of deviation, is fixed so as not to change.

In this embodiment, the four permanent magnets 23A of the first motor 20 are, as shown in FIG. By being pinched, it is prevented from coming off from the dovetail groove 21A. Here, the spacer 10</b>C is sandwiched between the rotor 21 of the first motor 20 and the rotor 31 of the second motor 30 so as to be fixed to the shaft 11 so as not to move. The plate cover 21B is fixed by screwing to the end face of the rotor 21 opposite to the second motor 30 (left side in FIG. 3).

As a result, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the four permanent magnets 23A are semi-embedded in which only the ends 23D on the stator 22 side are exposed to the outer surface of the rotor 21 and the rest are buried inside the rotor 21. is said to be in the state of Here, as shown in FIG. 2, each end portion 23D has an end surface on the side of the stator 22 so as not to come into contact with the stator 22 and each structure provided in this stator 22. The shape is rounded so as to form two cylindrical surfaces 23E.

By the way, in the first motor 20, each permanent magnet 23A of the first magnetic field 23, as shown in FIG. direction along the circumferential direction of the shaft 10A). Therefore, each permanent magnet 23A generates a magnetic field 23B having magnetic lines of force 23C in a direction orthogonal to the radial direction viewed from the rotating shaft 10A. In the present embodiment, each permanent magnet 23A has an N pole on one side (counterclockwise side in FIG. 4) viewed in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 10A, and the other side (clockwise side in FIG. 4). is the S pole, the directions of the magnetic poles seen in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 10A are arranged in a uniform state.

Further, four permanent magnets 24A (specifically, for example, neodymium magnets) each having a flat plate surface are attached to the tip end surfaces of the four salient poles 22A. In the present embodiment, each permanent magnet 24A has a beveled surface (that is, a bevel). Also, each permanent magnet 24A is attached in such a manner that the beveled surface of the permanent magnet 24A faces the stator 22 side.

Each of the four permanent magnets 24A is a single-pole magnet magnetized in its plate thickness direction. The N pole appearing on one side of the plate surface faces the rotor 21 side, and the S pole appearing on the other side is a salient pole. It is attached so as to cover the entire tip surface of 22A. As a result, the four permanent magnets 24A form an assembly that surrounds the rotor 21 in the stator 22. As shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the four permanent magnets 24A are each fixed to the salient poles 22A by screwing.

The four permanent magnets 24A are arranged so that their magnetization directions are aligned with the radial direction as seen from the rotating shaft 10A, so that the magnetic field having the magnetic lines of force 24C in the direction aligned with the radial direction. 24B is generated. That is, the assembly of four permanent magnets 24A functions as a second magnetic field 24 that generates a magnetic field 24B having magnetic lines of force 24C directed radially toward the rotation axis 10A.

Further, in the second motor 30, as shown in FIG. 5, four permanent magnets 34A (specifically, for example Neodymium magnets are attached one by one. An assembly of these permanent magnets 34A functions as a second magnetic field 34 that generates a magnetic field 34B having magnetic lines of force 34C directed radially toward the rotation axis 10A. From here, each permanent magnet 24A of the second field 24 in the first motor 20 and each permanent magnet 34A of the second field 34 in the second motor 30 are viewed in the circumferential direction of the shaft 11. It can be said that the second amount, which is the amount of positional deviation, is fixed so as not to change. It can also be said that the second amount (45° in FIGS. 4 and 5) is set to be a different amount from the first amount (45° in FIGS. 4 and 5).

In the first motor 20, each of the eight salient poles 22B is wound with a winding 25C (see FIG. 2) and functions as an iron core of a solenoid coil. These solenoid coils receive a current output from the controller 10B (see FIG. 1) and generate a variable magnetic field or steady magnetic field corresponding to the waveform of this current. Here, the magnetic field generated by each solenoid coil can be of a strength capable of attracting or repelling each permanent magnet 23A of the first magnetic field 23 by magnetic force.

Therefore, each solenoid coil is arranged in each space 20B set between the salient poles 22A, and two coils adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 10A form a set (assembly). This assembly functions as an excitation element 25 capable of generating a varying magnetic field that imparts angular momentum to each permanent magnet 23A of the first field 23 to rotate the rotor 21 .

In this embodiment, each solenoid coil is provided with a structure in which the number of turns of the winding 25C at the end 22C on the rotating shaft 10A side of each salient pole 22B is partially reduced. This structure partially weakens the strength of the magnetic field generated at the ends 22C of the salient poles 22B when each solenoid coil is excited, and corresponds to the "weak magnetic structure" in the present invention. .

In the following, in each excitation element 25, the solenoid coil positioned on one side (counterclockwise side in FIG. 4) as seen in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 10A is referred to as the first coil 25A, and the other side (the 4, the solenoid coil located on the clockwise side) will be described as the second coil 25B.

That is, it can be said that the first motor 20 is provided with four exciting elements 25 arranged one by one in the space 20B between the salient poles 22A. Each magnetizing element 25 can also be said to be an assembly with a plurality of coils, including two adjacent coils, a first coil 25A and a second coil 25B. Also, the first coil 25A and the second coil 25B are arranged in the space 20B between the permanent magnets 24A of the second magnetic field 24 in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 10A (that is, the rotating direction of the rotor 21). It can be said that it is arranged in a state of

By the way, as shown in FIG. 4, the four permanent magnets 24A in the second magnetic field 24 each extend from the end on the rotating shaft 10A side to the rotating shaft 10A in the central portion 24D viewed in the plate width direction. the shortest distance. This shortest distance (hereinafter also referred to as “second distance 10E”; see FIG. 4) is set to be the same distance as the first distance 10D described above for any of the four permanent magnets 24A. .

In other words, each permanent magnet 24A of the second field 24 is in contact with the imaginary cylindrical surface 20A described above at its central portion 24D. From here, each permanent magnet 24A of the second magnetic field 24 has a distance 24H from the end edge 24E adjacent to the exciting element 25 to the rotating shaft 10A in these permanent magnets 24A, which is longer than the first distance 10D described above. It can be said that they are arranged so as to be long (see FIG. 2).

In addition, in the four exciting elements 25 of the first motor 20, the first coils 25A are all incorporated into one wiring system 25D and operate in synchronization with each other, as shown in FIG. Further, all of the second coils 25B are incorporated in one wiring system 25E independent of the wiring system 25D and operate in synchronization with each other. Therefore, all the exciting coils of the four exciting elements 25 in the first motor 20 operate synchronously.

Here, the mode of operation of the first motor 20 will be described mainly with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9. FIG. In this description, the direction of rotation of the rotor 21 is such that the S pole of the permanent magnet 23A attached to the rotor 21 is on the front side of the rotation (right side in FIG. 7). In this orientation of rotation, the first coil 25A is positioned upstream of the rotation relative to the second coil 25B.

Among the permanent magnets 24A in the second magnetic field 24, those adjacent to the excitation element 25 from the upstream side (left side in FIG. 7) in the rotational direction of the rotor 21 are designated as first permanent magnets 24F. The magnets adjacent from the side (the right side in FIG. 8) are the second permanent magnets 24G. In other words, the second permanent magnet 24G sandwiches the excitation element 25 together with the first permanent magnet 24F from both upstream and downstream sides of the rotation (right and left sides in FIG. 9).

In the first motor 20, the excitation element 25 is operated by a current 10F having a predetermined repeating pattern, output by the controller 10B. This repeating pattern of the current 10F has an energization time during which the current 10F flows and a pause time during which the current 10F does not flow. In the following, the state where the end portion 23D of the permanent magnet 23A faces the central portion 24D of the first permanent magnet 24F (see the solid line in FIG. 7) is changed to the state facing the central portion 24D of the second permanent magnet 24G. (See virtual lines in FIG. 9). 7 to 9, only one of each of the four permanent magnets 23A in the first motor 20 and the four permanent magnets 33A in the second motor 30 is shown for simplicity of explanation. .

At the timing when the end portion 23D of the permanent magnet 23A faces the central portion 24D of the first permanent magnet 24F, as shown in FIG. 2 coil 25B is set to a first control state in which no current flows.

In this first control state, the first coil 25A functions as an excitation coil that generates a variable magnetic field 25F that is excited so that the end 22C on the rotor 21 side becomes the N pole. Here, the N pole is a magnetic pole of the same kind as the magnetic pole on the rotor 21 side in each permanent magnet 24A of the second magnetic field 24 . Therefore, in the first control state, the permanent magnet 23A is attracted with its south pole to the first coil 25A of the excitation element 25, thereby imparting angular momentum to rotate the rotor 21 and the shaft 11. FIG. Also, the second coil 25B functions as an inductor that generates an electromotive force induced by the fluctuating magnetic field 25F generated by the first coil 25A.

The salient pole 22B of the second coil 25B is a soft magnetic material that is magnetized in the same direction as the magnetic lines of force according to the varying magnetic field 25F of the first coil 25A and the magnetic field 24B of the permanent magnet 24A applied from the outside. function as That is, the salient pole 22B of the second coil 25B has an end portion 22C, which is the end on the rotor 21 side, which is the magnetic pole ( It functions as a magnetic pole (S pole) different from the N pole). The salient pole 22B of the second coil 25B serves as an escape (passage) for magnetic lines of force from the N pole to the S pole in each permanent magnet 24A of the second magnetic field 24 and the first coil 25A.

In the first control state, the S pole of the permanent magnet 23A also receives magnetic attraction from the edge portion 24E of the first permanent magnet 24F with the N pole facing the rotor 21 side. However, the distance 24H from the edge 24E to the rotating shaft 10A is longer than the distance (first distance 10D) from the rotating shaft 10A to the end 22C of the salient pole 22B. The shortest distance 10G between the S pole of the permanent magnet 23A and the edge 24E of the first permanent magnet 24F is compared with the shortest distance 10H from the S pole of the permanent magnet 23A to the end 22C of the salient pole 22B. , is longer by the difference between the distance 24H and the first distance 10D. Also, the attractive force of the magnetic force decreases in inverse proportion to the square of the distance between the magnetic poles on which this attractive force acts. Therefore, in the permanent magnet 23A, the influence of the attractive force of the magnetic force received from the edge portion 24E of the first permanent magnet 24F is smaller than the influence of the attractive force of the magnetic force received from the first coil 25A.

Further, at the timing when the first motor 20 is in the first control state, the permanent magnet 33A of the first field magnet 33 in the second motor 30 moves toward the second field downstream in the rotation direction of the rotor 31. A second state in which magnet 34 is attracted to permanent magnet 34A is realized. This attracting action becomes angular momentum that rotates the shaft 11 and is transmitted to the rotor 21 of the first motor 20 via this shaft 11 .

Due to the combination of the actions described above, the permanent magnet 23A reaches a position facing the first coil 25A. Note that the controller 10B of the present embodiment controls the time from when the end portion 23D of the permanent magnet 23A passes the position facing the first permanent magnet 24F to when it reaches the position facing the first coil 25A. , to realize the first control state.

When the end portion 23D of the permanent magnet 23A faces the first coil 25A, as shown in FIG. 8, the current 10F output by the controller 10B does not flow through the first coil 25A and flows through the second coil 25B. A second control state is entered. In this second control state, the second coil 25B functions as an excitation coil that generates a varying magnetic field (not shown) that excites the end 22C on the rotor 21 side to become the N pole. Here, the N pole is a magnetic pole of the same kind as the magnetic pole on the rotor 21 side in each permanent magnet 24A of the second magnetic field 24 .

Therefore, in the second control state, the N pole of the permanent magnet 23A repels the N pole of the first permanent magnet 24F on the side of the rotor 21, and the S pole of the second coil 25B of the excitation element 25 attracted to. This gives the permanent magnet 23A angular momentum that rotates the rotor 21 and the shaft 11 .

In the second control state, the salient poles 22B of the first coil 25A are magnetized in the same direction as these magnetic lines of force in response to the externally applied varying magnetic field of the second coil 25B and the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 24A. It functions as a soft magnetic material. That is, the salient pole 22B of the first coil 25A has an end 22C, which is the end on the rotor 21 side, which is the rotor 21 side magnetic pole ( It functions as a magnetic pole (S pole) different from the N pole). The salient pole 22B of the first coil 25A serves as an escape (passage) for magnetic lines of force (not shown) directed from the N pole to the S pole in each permanent magnet 24A of the second magnetic field 24 and the second coil 25B. .

In the second control state, the N pole of the permanent magnet 23A generates a magnetic attractive force with respect to the salient pole 22B of the first coil 25A functioning as the different magnetic pole (S pole). Let However, the first coil 25A functions as an inductor that generates induced electromotive force due to the disappearance of the fluctuating magnetic field 25F (see FIG. 7) generated by itself and the fluctuating magnetic field generated by the second coil 25B. As a result, the end 22C of the salient pole 22B of the first coil 25A delays the timing of functioning as the magnetic pole (S pole) of the different type, so that the end 23D of the permanent magnet 23A faces the second coil 25B. Allow to reach position. Note that the controller 10B of the present embodiment is configured so that the end portion 23D of the permanent magnet 23A passes through the position facing the first coil 25A until reaching the position facing the second coil 25B. Realize the second control state.

When the end 23D of the permanent magnet 23A faces the second coil 25B, as shown in FIG. 9, the current 10F output by the controller 10B does not flow through either the first coil 25A or the second coil 25B. A third control state is entered. In this third control state, the permanent magnet 23A repels the north pole of the first permanent magnet 24F, which is on the rotor 21 side, and the south pole of the second permanent magnet 24G, which is on the rotor 21 side. It becomes the first state in which it is attracted to the N pole. This gives the permanent magnet 23A angular momentum that rotates the rotor 21 and the shaft 11 .

In the third control state, each of the salient poles 22B of the first coil 25A and the second coil 25B is a soft magnetic material that is magnetized in the same direction as the magnetic lines of force according to the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 24A applied from the outside. function as That is, each salient pole 22B has an end 22C, which is the end on the rotor 21 side, of a magnetic pole (S pole) different from the magnetic pole (N pole) on the rotor 21 side in each permanent magnet 24A of the second magnetic field 24. ). Each salient pole 22B serves as an escape (passage) for magnetic lines of force (not shown) directed from the N pole to the S pole in each permanent magnet 24A of the second magnetic field 24 .

In the third control state, the N pole of the permanent magnet 23A generates a magnetic attractive force with respect to each of the salient poles 22B functioning as the different magnetic poles (S poles). However, the salient pole 22B of the first coil 25A has a long distance from the N pole of the permanent magnet 23A, and the influence of the attractive force of the magnetic force generated therebetween is so small that it can be ignored. In addition, the second coil 25B functions as an inductor that generates an induced electromotive force accompanying the disappearance of the fluctuating magnetic field generated by itself. Delay the timing of functioning. This allows the permanent magnet 23A to reach a position where its end 23D faces the second coil 25B. Note that the controller 10B of the present embodiment reaches a position where the end portion 23D of the permanent magnet 23A faces the central portion 24D of the second permanent magnet 24G after passing the position facing the second coil 25B. Until the time, the third control state is realized.

Also, at the timing when the permanent magnet 23A of the first motor 20 is in the first state, the permanent magnet 33A of the first magnetic field 33 of the second motor 30 is on the downstream side in the rotation direction of the rotor 31. It faces the excitation element 25 to each other. Therefore, the action of attracting the permanent magnet 23A to the second permanent magnet 24G in the first motor 20 is transmitted through the shaft 11 to the rotor 31 of the first motor 30 in the second motor 30. It provides angular momentum that rotates 31.

When the end portion 23D of the permanent magnet 23A faces the central portion 24D of the second permanent magnet 24G, the controller 10B switches its control state from the third control state to the first control state. As a result, the permanent magnet 23A repeats the above-described operation with the permanent magnet 24A, the end portion 23D of which is currently facing, as the first permanent magnet 24F, thereby causing the rotor 21 to rotate.

Here, the permanent magnets 23A of the first magnetic field 23, the permanent magnets 24A of the second magnetic field 24, and the excitation elements 25 in the first motor 20 are, as shown in FIG. are arranged equiangularly isotropically (that is, so as to have four-fold symmetry about the rotating shaft 10A). Therefore, each permanent magnet 23A and each excitation element 25 are allowed to face each other (see phantom lines in FIG. 4). Therefore, the permanent magnets 23A operate synchronously without interfering with each other, thereby increasing the driving force for rotating the rotor 21 .

5, the permanent magnets 33A of the first magnetic field 33, the permanent magnets 34A of the second magnetic field 34, and the excitation elements 35 in the second motor 30 are respectively They are arranged equiangularly isotropically (that is, so as to be four-fold symmetrical about the rotating shaft 10A). Therefore, each permanent magnet 33A and each excitation element 35 are allowed to face each other (see solid lines in FIG. 5).

By the way, as described above, the second motor 30 has the permanent magnets 33A of the first magnetic field 33 arranged in the same position as the permanent magnets 23A of the first magnetic field 23 in the first motor 20. It is set to be different from the set position (see FIG. 2). Specifically, the permanent magnets 33A of the first magnetic field 33 in the second motor 30 are opposed to the permanent magnets 23A of the first magnetic field 23 and the excitation elements 25 in the first motor 20. 4), the permanent magnets 34A of the second field 34 in the second motor 30 are arranged to face each other (see the phantom lines in FIG. 5). there is

According to the first motor 20 described above, when the exciting element 25 is excited, the rotor-side end of the salient pole 22B adjacent to the exciting coil is aligned with each permanent magnet 24A of the second magnetic field 24 and the rotor of the exciting coil. It functions as a magnetic pole different from the magnetic poles on the side, and thus serves as an escape field for the magnetic lines of force passing through these magnetic poles. As a result, when the excitation element 25 is excited, the magnetic force of the excitation coil and the permanent magnets 24A of the second magnetic field 24 repels each other. You can avoid becoming

In addition, in the first motor 20 described above, when the rotor 21 is stationary, the first magnetic field 23 is in a magnetically unstable balanced state. At this time, when the magnetic field generated by the excitation element 25 fluctuates, this fluctuation becomes a perturbation that destroys the balanced state, and serves as a trigger that gives the first magnetic field 23 angular momentum to rotate the rotor 21 . As a result, the stationary rotor 21 of the first motor 20 can be easily moved, and the electrical energy required for starting the first motor 20 can be reduced.

Further, in the first motor 20 described above, when the rotor 21 is rotating, the magnetic fields 23B and 24B of the first magnetic field 23 and the second magnetic field 24 move the stator 22 and the rotor 21 away from each other. Generate a force that has a directional component. As a result, the rotor 21 rotating in the first motor 20 is less likely to get caught, and the electrical energy required to drive the first motor 20 can be reduced.

Further, according to the above-described first motor 20, the plurality of excitation elements 25 can be operated without interfering with each other, thereby increasing the driving force of the rotor 21 rotated by the excitation elements 25.

Further, in the first motor 20 described above, the permanent magnet 23A of the first magnetic field 23 is sometimes positioned in the exciting element 25 at a position facing the solenoid coil functioning as the exciting coil. Then, the fluctuating magnetic field generated by the solenoid coil functioning as the excitation coil no longer gives the first magnetic field 23 the angular momentum for rotating the rotor 21 . At this time, the coils serving as the exciting coils in the exciting element 25 can be exchanged to give the angular momentum to the first magnetic field 23 .

In addition, in the first motor 20 described above, when the coils that become the excitation coils are replaced, the coils to which the current does not flow are induced to maintain the induced electromotive force in the direction that maintains the magnetic field generated in the coils. It functions as an inductor that generates electromotive force. As a result, it is possible to reduce the loss due to the attraction of the core of the coil through which the current does not flow with the permanent magnet 23A of the first magnetic field 23 .

Further, according to the first motor 20 described above, the controller 10B operates to lengthen the time during which the fluctuating magnetic field that gives the angular momentum that rotates the rotor 21 acts on the first magnetic field 23, thereby making the rotor 21 smoother. can be rotated to

Further, according to the above-described first motor 20, the permanent magnet 23A of the first magnetic field 23 sometimes faces the solenoid coil functioning as an exciting coil in the exciting element 25. As shown in FIG. At this time, the distance between the permanent magnet 23A and the solenoid coil functioning as the excitation coil becomes relatively short, and the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 23A of the first magnetic field 23 and the permanent magnet 24A of the second magnetic field 24 increase. the distance between them is relatively long. As a result, when the permanent magnet 23A of the first magnetic field 23 is acted upon by the variable magnetic field of the solenoid coil functioning as the excitation coil, the magnetic field 24B of the permanent magnet 24A of the second magnetic field 24 responds to this action. It can reduce the impact.

Further, according to the above-described first motor 20, the second distance 10E, which is the shortest distance from each permanent magnet 24A of the second magnetic field 24 to the rotating shaft 10A, is from the end of the solenoid coil of the exciting element 25. The distance is the same as the first distance 10D, which is the shortest distance to the rotary shaft 10A. As a result, the magnetic field 24B of each permanent magnet 24A of the second field system 24 and the magnetic field of the solenoid coil functioning as an exciting coil in the exciting element 25 strongly act on each permanent magnet 23A of the first field system 23, Accordingly, the driving force of the rotor 21 can be increased.

Further, according to the above-described first motor 20, when the solenoid coil functioning as an exciting coil in the exciting element 25 operates, the electric field generated at the end portion 22C of the first magnetic field 23 on the permanent magnet 23A side is generated. can weaken the strength of the magnetic field. As a result, the energy required to operate the solenoid coil functioning as the exciting coil in the exciting element 25 can be reduced.

Further, in the above-described first motor 20, a method of partially reducing the number of turns of the winding 25C at the end portion 22C of the solenoid coil in the excitation element 25 is adopted. For this reason, it is not necessary to form a part of the salient pole 22B around which the winding 25C is wound with a material having a lower magnetic permeability than the other part, and therefore, the labor for producing the first motor 20 can be reduced. can be done.

In addition, in the above-described motor assembly 10, the timing at which the attraction by the magnetic force that causes the rotation of the shaft 11 is increased by the cooperation of the first motor 20 and the second motor 30, so that the rotation of the shaft 11 is smoother. can be

Further, according to the motor assembly 10 described above, the permanent magnets 33A of the first magnetic field 33 in the second motor 30 face the excitation element 35, and the fluctuating magnetic field generated by the excitation element 35 is applied to the shaft. There are times when the first field 33 does not have the angular momentum to rotate 11 . At this time, the permanent magnets 23A of the first magnetic field 23 in the first motor 20 are attracted to the permanent magnets 24A of the second magnetic field 24, so that the shaft 11 can be rotated.

Further, in the motor assembly 10 described above, the rotation phase of the first field 23 seen from the second field 24 in the first motor 20 and the rotation phase of the second field 34 in the second motor 30 A phase shift is set with the first magnetic field 33 . This phase shift causes one of the permanent magnets 23A of the first field 23 in the first motor 20 and the permanent magnets 33A of the first field 33 in the second motor 30 to stabilize. To prevent the other from being in a balanced state when it is in a balanced state. Therefore, both the permanent magnets 23 of the first field 23 in the first motor 20 and the permanent magnets 33A of the first field 33 in the second motor are prevented from being in a stable balanced state. , the rotors 21 and 31 and the shaft 11 can be easily rotated.

In the above, the form for implementing this invention was demonstrated with the one Embodiment. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various substitutions, modifications and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Thus, the detailed description may include all substitutions, modifications and alterations that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the claims appended hereto. For example, as modes for carrying out the present invention, the following various modes can be implemented.

(1) In the motor assembly described above, in the first motor and the second motor, the first amount, which is the amount of displacement of the first magnetic field, is not 0°, and the position of the second magnetic field is also By setting the second amount, which is the amount of deviation, to 0°, the first amount and the second amount are different amounts. However, the first quantity and the second quantity may be different quantities, in that the second quantity is not 0° and the first quantity is also 0°. . Also, the first amount and the second amount may not be 0° and may be different amounts.

(2) Application of the present invention is not limited to a motor assembly comprising a first motor and a second motor, each of which is a synchronous motor. That is, the present invention can be applied to a synchronous motor that drives alone. Moreover, the present invention can be applied to a motor assembly having three or more synchronous motors. In this configuration, each synchronous motor may share its shaft or rotate a separate shaft.

(3) In the synchronous motor of the present invention, the number of permanent magnets in the first field, the number of permanent magnets in the second field, and the number of excitation elements are set arbitrarily. number can be changed. Here, when the number of permanent magnets of the second field is large (for example, five or more), the distance from the edge of these permanent magnets to the rotation axis and the shortest distance from the solenoid coil of the exciting element to the rotation axis The difference from the distance (that is, the first distance) becomes smaller. In this case, the rotor-side surface of each permanent magnet of the second magnetic field is made to be a surface convex toward the rotor, so that the distance from the edge of the permanent magnet to the rotation axis and the first distance It is preferable to increase the difference between

(4) In the synchronous motor of the present invention, the excitation element is not limited to a set (assembly) of two solenoid coils. That is, the coil of the excitation element can be any type of coil, for example a spider coil or a honeycomb coil. In addition, the coil of the excitation element has a weak magnetic structure that partially weakens the strength of the magnetic field generated at the end by configuring a part of the core with a material having a lower magnetic permeability than the other part. may be set. Also, the coil of the excitation element may not have a weak magnetic structure in which the strength of the generated magnetic field is partially weakened. Also, the coils of the excitation element may be an assembly comprising three or more coils. In this case, it is possible to appropriately set which of the plurality of coils forming the assembly is to be supplied with current and to which is not to be supplied with current. Alternatively, the coil of the excitation element may be an assembly including a soft magnetic body on which no winding is wound and one excitation coil adjacent to the soft magnetic body. In this case, the direction in which the soft magnetic bodies and the exciting coils are arranged is not limited to the rotation direction of the rotor, and can be set as appropriate, for example, along the rotation axis of the rotor.

(5) In the synchronous motor of the present invention, the controller is not limited to one that operates the excitation element by outputting a current having a predetermined repeating pattern. That is, the controller may include, for example, sensors for detecting the positions of the permanent magnets of the first magnetic field, and control the current output to the excitation elements according to the positions of these permanent magnets.

(6) In the synchronous motor of the present invention, one or both of the permanent magnets in the first field and the permanent magnets in the second field are connected to the first motor 20 ( (see FIG. 4) can be reversed.

10 Motor assembly 10A Rotating shaft 10B Controller 10C Spacer 10D First distance 10E Second distance 10F Current 10G Shortest distance 10H Shortest distance 11 Shaft 11A Round shaft portion 11B Square shaft portion 12 Housing 12A Base fitting 12B Engagement portion 12C Covering plate 12D long screw 12E bearing 20 first motor (synchronous motor)
20A Cylindrical surface 20B Space 21 Rotor 21A Dovetail groove 21B Plate cover 22 Stator 22A Salient pole 22B Salient pole 22C End 23 First magnetic field 23A Permanent magnet 23B Magnetic field 23C Line of magnetic force 23D End 23E Cylindrical surface 24 Second magnetic field 24A Permanent magnet 24B Magnetic field 24C Magnetic field line 24D Central portion 24E Edge portion 24F First permanent magnet 24G Second permanent magnet 24H Distance 25 Exciting element 25A First coil 25B Second coil 25C Winding 25D Wiring system 25E Wiring system 25F Variable magnetic field 30 Second motor (synchronous motor)
30A Cylindrical surface 30B Space 31 Rotor 31A Dovetail groove 31B Plate cover 32 Stator 32A Salient pole 32B Salient pole 32C End 33 First magnetic field 33A Permanent magnet 33B Magnetic field 33C Line of magnetic force 33D End 33E Cylindrical surface 34 Second magnetic field 34A Permanent magnet 34B Magnetic field 34C Magnetic field line 34D Central portion 34E Edge portion 34F First permanent magnet 34G Second permanent magnet 35 Exciting element 35A First coil 35B Second coil 35C Winding 35D Wiring system 35E Wiring system

Claims (10)

a rotor capable of rotary motion rotating around one rotary shaft;
a stator arranged to surround the rotating shaft and the rotor;
a first magnetic field that is an assembly having a plurality of permanent magnets arranged in the rotor around the axis of rotation;
a second magnetic field, which is an assembly having a plurality of permanent magnets disposed in the stator and surrounding the axis of rotation and the rotor;
an excitation element disposed in at least one of the spaces between the permanent magnets in the second magnetic field for generating a varying magnetic field that imparts angular momentum to the first magnetic field to rotate the rotor;
with
Each permanent magnet of the first magnetic field is arranged so that its magnetization direction is orthogonal to the radial direction as viewed from the rotating shaft, and thus has magnetic lines of force in the direction orthogonal to the radial direction. generate a magnetic field,
Each permanent magnet of the second magnetic field has a magnetic pole on the rotor side that is unified to either an S pole or an N pole, and its magnetization direction is a radial direction viewed from the rotating shaft. generate a magnetic field having magnetic lines of force in a direction coinciding with the radial direction,
The excitation element is
A coil that is capable of generating the variable magnetic field by exciting the end on the rotor side to have the same magnetic poles as the magnetic poles on the rotor side in each permanent magnet of the second magnetic field. an excitation coil that is
a soft magnetic body adjacent to the excitation coil, protruding from the stator toward the rotor, and magnetized in the same direction as the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field applied from the outside;
is an assembly with
synchronous motor. A synchronous motor according to claim 1,
The excitation elements are arranged one by one in each of the spaces, and the excitation coils operate synchronously.
synchronous motor. A synchronous motor according to claim 1 or claim 2,
The excitation element is an assembly in which a first coil and a second coil, which are two coils adjacent to each other in the rotational direction of the rotor, are connected to independent wiring systems,
The first coil and the second coil each comprise a core made of a soft magnetic material magnetized in the same direction as the magnetic field applied from the outside,
moreover,
Current is passed through the first coil to function as the excitation coil, while no current is passed through the second coil, so that the core of the second coil is made the soft magnetic material. a first control state, which is a state of functioning;
By not passing current through the first coil, the core of the first coil functions as the soft magnetic material, while current is passed through the second coil to make the second coil the exciting coil. a second control state, which is a functioning state;
Equipped with a controller that switches between
synchronous motor. A synchronous motor according to claim 3,
In the plurality of permanent magnets in the second field,
a first permanent magnet adjacent to the excitation element from the upstream side in the rotational direction;
a second permanent magnet that is adjacent to the excitation element from the downstream side in the rotational direction and sandwiches the excitation element together with the first permanent magnet from both the upstream side and the downstream side;
includes
The first coil and the second coil are arranged in the space between the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet, the first coil being the upstream of the second coil. arranged in a state of being positioned on the side,
The controller is
During the period from when the permanent magnet of the first field provided in the rotating rotor passes through the position facing the first permanent magnet until it reaches the position facing the first coil, the first to realize the control state of
Realizing the second control state from when the permanent magnet of the first magnetic field passes the position facing the first coil until it reaches the position facing the second coil;
synchronous motor. A synchronous motor according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Each coil in the excitation element is a solenoid coil formed by winding a winding around a salient pole that protrudes toward the rotation shaft from a side surface on the rotation shaft side of the stator,
Each permanent magnet of the second magnetic field has a distance from the edge portion adjacent to the exciting element to the rotation axis of the salient pole of the solenoid coil adjacent to the edge portion. , arranged to be longer than a first distance, which is the shortest distance from the tip on the rotating shaft side to the rotating shaft,
synchronous motor. A synchronous motor according to claim 5,
The excitation elements are arranged one by one in each of the spaces,
the salient poles in each of the excitation elements are arranged so that the first distance is equal;
Each permanent magnet of the second magnetic field is arranged so that a second distance, which is the shortest distance from the end on the rotating shaft side to the rotating shaft, is equal,
The first distance is set to be the same distance as the second distance,
synchronous motor. A synchronous motor according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
Each coil in the excitation element is a solenoid coil formed by winding a winding around a salient pole that protrudes toward the rotation shaft from a side surface on the rotation shaft side of the stator,
A weak magnetic structure is provided at the end of the salient pole of the solenoid coil on the side of the rotating shaft to partially weaken the strength of the magnetic field generated at the end when the solenoid coil is excited. is being
synchronous motor. A synchronous motor according to claim 7,
The weak magnetic structure is a structure in which the number of turns of the winding at the end of the solenoid coil is partially reduced.
synchronous motor. A motor assembly comprising a plurality of the synchronous motors according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The plurality of synchronous motors includes a first motor and a second motor sharing one shaft as the rotation axis,
In the first motor, the permanent magnets of the first field and the excitation elements are equiangularly isotropically arranged so that the permanent magnets of the first field and the excitation elements of the first field are arranged equiangularly and isotropically during the rotational movement. achieving a first state in which magnets are attracted to permanent magnets of the second field downstream in the direction of rotation of the rotor;
In the second motor, each permanent magnet of the first field and each of the excitation elements are equiangularly isotropically arranged so that each of the permanent magnets of the first field during the rotational motion achieving a second state in which magnets are attracted to permanent magnets of the second field downstream in the direction of rotation;
The timing at which the first state is realized and the timing at which the second state is realized are set to be different timings.
motor assembly. A motor assembly according to claim 9, comprising:
Each permanent magnet of the second magnetic field in the second motor is equiangularly isotropically arranged, and at the timing when the first state is realized, the excitation element in the second motor facing each other with
motor assembly.

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