JP2023061037A - Method for preserving animal or plant or excavated cultural artifact - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a method for preserving an animal or a plant or an excavated cultural artifact, which can preserve the animal or the plant or the excavated cultural artifact in a state before the excavation for a long time and enables size stability and preservation stability.SOLUTION: A method for preserving an animal or a plant or an excavated cultural artifact comprises: a first step of dipping an object to be preserved such as an excavated cultural artifact in a water-soluble solvent containing low-grade alcohol; a second step of dipping the object passed through the first step in a water-insoluble solvent to replace the object-dipped water-soluble solvent with the water-insoluble solvent; and a third step of solidifying the object passed through the second step to be dipped in the water-insoluble solvent. The water-insoluble solvent is prepared by adding a cationic surfactant to high-grade alcohol mainly containing saturation alcohol of a melting point of 50-70°C. When necessary, a lignophenol or a lignocresol is used as a supplement/complementary color agent for the water-insoluble solvent.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a method for long-term preservation of animals, plants, and excavated cultural relics in the state they were before they were excavated, in particular, a method for preserving animals, plants, or excavated cultural relics (hereinafter referred to as "relics, etc.") using higher alcohol. Regarding improvements.

In general, relics are the cultural heritage of mankind, and their preservation is extremely important in order to elucidate the lifestyles of mankind and the changes in the environment. Therefore, when preserving relics and the like, it is desired that the relics and the like be preserved for many years in the state in which they existed.

By the way, relics found on land, especially those excavated from trenches surrounding ruins, are usually buried in clay or mud layers, so they may contain water in a supersaturated state. many. For this reason, relics, etc. after excavation, especially wooden relics, decompose and flow out the cellulose, which is the main component. It can be deformed to some extent. Animals and plants also shrink as drying progresses, and they may deform to the extent that they cannot retain their original shape.

For this reason, conventionally, as a measure to preserve the original shape of objects to be preserved such as relics (hereinafter referred to as "objects"), the objects are treated with a water-soluble resin such as heat-melted polyethylene glycol. A method of impregnation (polyethylene glycol impregnation method), a method of impregnating with a mixture of tertiary butyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol at a constant ratio, followed by vacuum freeze drying (vacuum freeze drying method), or a higher alcohol method of impregnating with a melt of

However, in the polyethylene glycol impregnation method, if polyethylene glycol is used near its melting temperature, it is feared that it will undergo aerial oxidation over a long period of time and change over time into a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol. In addition, since polyethylene glycol is water-soluble and absorbs moisture in the air, it also has the drawback that objects after storage treatment (hereinafter referred to as "post-treatment objects") are prone to deformation and cracking. In order to improve the storage stability, there are the drawbacks that the installation environment such as facilities for storage must be prepared, and the number of days required for the impregnation treatment is long.

On the other hand, the vacuum freeze-drying method also has the same problem of preservability as described above because polyethylene glycol is contained in the inside of the object as much as 50 to 60%. In addition, there is a tendency that the larger the object to be preserved, the larger the rate of change in shape.

Therefore, a method using higher alcohol has been proposed as a preservation method that is not affected by temperature even at room temperature, can significantly shorten the number of days of preservation treatment, and can preserve the original shape of relics for a long period of time ( See Patent Document 1). The method for preserving excavated cultural relics using higher alcohol described in Patent Document 1 has already been provided by the applicant of the present application.

Patent Literature 1 describes two methods of preserving excavated cultural relics, which consist of the following steps. In other words, this method of preserving excavated cultural relics includes immersing the excavated cultural relics in a water-soluble solvent consisting of a linear or branched alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms to replace the impregnation water of the cultural relics with the water-soluble solvent. 1 step, a compound consisting only of a saturated higher alcohol having 16 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkylene oxide is added to a poorly water-soluble solvent consisting of a higher alcohol composition in an amount that does not exceed the melting point range of the higher alcohol composition (melting point The cultural relic impregnated with the water-soluble solvent is immersed in the poorly water-soluble solvent prepared by adding a limited amount within the range to maintain the range, and the cultural relic is impregnated with the poorly water-soluble solvent. and a third step of solidifying the cultural relic impregnated with the poorly water-soluble solvent.

Another method for preserving excavated cultural relics includes a first step similar to the first step above, and immersing the cultural relics impregnated in the water-soluble solvent in a poorly water-soluble solvent prepared in the same manner as above. a second step of substituting up to 40% of the impregnated water-soluble solvent of the cultural relic with the poorly water-soluble solvent, and a third step of freezing and drying the water-soluble solvent and the cultural relic impregnated with the poorly water-soluble solvent under vacuum. , consisting of

Japanese Patent No. 4634517

By the way, when preserving relics by classifying them according to their conditions of existence, state of deterioration, thickness, material, etc., various treatment conditions such as ``antibacterial and sterilizing properties of the preserving solution are required.'' It is necessary to choose carefully and apply the method according to the object. Even in the above-described method using a higher alcohol, efforts and improvements are required to allow the higher alcohol to penetrate into the details of the structure of the object and to minimize deformation and cracking of the object after treatment due to crystallization during solidification. .

The present invention has been made with a focus on the current situation, and is based on the use of higher alcohol as a method of preserving relics, etc., and the post-preservation treatment has a fine structure. To provide a method for preserving relics which can be preserved for a long period of time without being affected by humidity, external temperature, biological external factors, etc. even at room temperature and without changing the state before preservation treatment. there is

In the method for preserving animals, plants, or excavated cultural relics according to claim 1 of the present invention, an object to be preserved, which is an animal, plant, or excavated cultural relic, is immersed in a water-soluble solvent consisting of a linear or branched alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. A first step of replacing the impregnation water of the object to be preserved with a water-soluble solvent, and the object to be preserved that has been impregnated with the water-soluble solvent through the first step is saturated alcohol with a melting point of 50 to 70 ° C a second step of substituting the poorly water-soluble solvent for the impregnated water-soluble solvent of the object to be preserved by immersing it in a poorly water-soluble solvent containing a cationic surfactant added to a higher alcohol as the main component; and a third step of solidifying the preservation treatment object impregnated with the sparingly water-soluble solvent. This storage method is abbreviated as "storage method 1" for convenience.

In the method for preserving animals, plants, or excavated cultural relics according to claim 2 of the present invention, an object to be preserved, which is an animal, plant, or excavated cultural relic, is immersed in a water-soluble solvent consisting of a linear or branched alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. A first step of replacing the impregnation water of the object to be preserved with a water-soluble solvent, and the object to be preserved that has been impregnated with the water-soluble solvent through the first step is saturated alcohol with a melting point of 50 to 70 ° C a second step of substituting at least 40% of the impregnated water-soluble solvent of the object to be preserved with the poorly water-soluble solvent by immersing the object in a slightly water-soluble solvent containing a cationic surfactant added to a higher alcohol as the main component; and a third step of freezing and drying under vacuum the object to be preserved that has been impregnated with the water-soluble solvent or poorly water-soluble solvent through the second step. This storage method is abbreviated as "storage method 2" for convenience.

In the storage methods 1 and 2, the first step of immersing the object in the water-soluble solvent is performed prior to the second step of immersing the object in the poorly water-soluble solvent. This is because the impregnating water of the object is not smoothly replaced with the poorly water-soluble solvent, even if the impregnation water is used, and the poorly water-soluble solvent is difficult to spread to the details of the tissue of the object. Therefore, if the first step of immersing the object in the water-soluble solvent is performed prior to the second step, as in the storage methods 1 and 2, the impregnation water of the object dissolves into the water-soluble solvent, The water-soluble solvent is smoothly replaced with the solvent, and then the second step of immersing the object in the poorly water-soluble solvent is performed, so that the water-soluble solvent impregnated in the object is an alcohol-based difficult solvent similar to the water-soluble solvent. This is because the water-soluble solvent is smoothly replaced with the water-soluble solvent, and the poorly water-soluble solvent penetrates into the details of the tissue of the object in a short period of time, thereby improving the dimensional stability of the object after treatment.

Further, in the storage methods 1 and 2, in the second step of immersing the object impregnated with the water-soluble solvent in the first step in the poorly water-soluble solvent, saturated alcohol having a melting point of 50 to 70 ° C. is mainly used. It is necessary to properly use a sparingly water-soluble solvent obtained by adding a cationic surfactant (soluble in a higher alcohol) to a higher alcohol, depending on the state of the object. For example, if a fragile or embrittled object is treated at a high temperature, the object tends to deform or shrink, and conversely, if the object is treated at a low temperature, It has been found that the dimensional stability of the post-processed object tends to decrease due to the influence of the external temperature. To explain this further, although it is possible to process objects in relatively good condition at relatively high temperatures, due to the nature of the objects, processing at a high temperature of 70°C or higher may not be suitable for the objects. It has been found to be susceptible to shrinkage and deformation. On the other hand, when using a higher alcohol with a melting point of 50 ° C. or less, the object is solidified through the third step (storage method 1), or the object is placed under vacuum through the third step. It has been found that the higher alcohol may melt when freezing or drying (preservation method 2) at , and the treated object is easily affected by the external temperature. From this, it can be said that it is appropriate to use saturated alcohols having a melting point of 50 to 70° C. depending on the treatment temperature.

In the storage method 2 above, the replacement ratio of the water-soluble solvent and the poorly water-soluble solvent obtained by adding a cationic surfactant to a higher alcohol is at least about 40% of the water-soluble solvent that is first impregnated. It suffices if the solvent is replaced with a poorly water-soluble solvent, preferably about 40 to 60%, particularly about 50%. When at least about 40% of the water-soluble solvent with which the object is first impregnated is replaced with the poorly water-soluble solvent with which the object is impregnated later, the object is frozen and dried under vacuum via a third step. As a result, only the water-soluble solvent evaporates and disappears from the object, and the sparingly water-soluble solvent penetrates into the details of the tissue of the object, thereby improving the dimensional stability of the object after treatment.

In the method for preserving animals, plants, or excavated cultural relics according to claim 3 of the present invention, the content of the cationic surfactant in the poorly water-soluble solvent is an amount that does not exceed the melting point range of the higher alcohol. It is. "The content of the cationic surfactant in the poorly water-soluble solvent does not exceed the melting point range of the higher alcohol" means that the melting point of the poorly water-soluble solvent is reduced by the cationic surfactant added to the poorly water-soluble solvent. It means the amount of cationic surfactant to be added such that the melting point range of the slightly water-soluble solvent does not exceed the melting point range of the higher alcohol, even if the range changes.

A method for preserving animals, plants, or excavated cultural relics according to claim 4 of the present invention is characterized in that lignophenol or lignocresol is added to the poorly water-soluble solvent. A treatment using a higher alcohol, specifically, the second step of preservation methods 1 and 2 in which the object is immersed in a poorly water-soluble solvent obtained by adding a cationic surfactant to a higher alcohol, the object to be preserved turns white. There are times when you can see the phenomenon. This phenomenon is an obstacle to preserving the processed object while maintaining its original shape before excavation. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, lignophenol and lignocresol derived from natural products are added to the poorly water-soluble solvent for the purpose of complementary color, and this lignophenol and lignocresol are added to a cationic interface having bactericidal and antibacterial properties. It can be said that it is desirable to use it in combination with an active agent. Cationic surfactants with antibacterial and bactericidal properties are added to higher alcohols, and in some cases, lignophenol or lignocresol derived from natural products, which are said to have anti-termite and antiseptic properties, are supplements and colorants. When used as a higher alcohol, it penetrates into an object, etc. better than when only a higher alcohol is used, and the dimensional stability of the object after treatment is improved. In addition, when the object is an animal or plant, the storage stability is also improved.

In the method for preserving animals, plants, or excavated cultural relics according to claim 5 of the present invention, the slightly water-soluble solvent is 2 to 15 wt% of a cationic surfactant with respect to 85 to 98 wt% of a higher alcohol having 16 to 22 carbon atoms. is added. When the amount of the cationic surfactant added is less than 2 wt%, the effect of the addition of the cationic surfactant is difficult to be exhibited, and when the amount of the cationic surfactant added exceeds 15 wt%, the cationic surfactant is added to the higher alcohol. It becomes difficult to secure the required amount of the sparingly water-soluble solvent containing the surfactant.

In the method for preserving animals, plants, or excavated cultural relics according to claim 6 of the present invention, 3% of the poorly water-soluble solvent is replaced with a part of the cationic surfactant contained in the poorly water-soluble solvent. Lignophenol or lignocresol is added to the upper limit. Mixtures of higher alcohols, which are poorly water-soluble solvents, and cationic surfactants may solidify. In this case, if a higher alcohol mixture (sparingly water-soluble solvent) with a melting point of 50 to 70°C in which a part of the cationic surfactant is replaced with natural lignophenol or lignocresol is used, the The formation of crystals is prevented, and cracking is also prevented. For this reason, it becomes possible to more reliably fill the minute portions of the tissue of the object with the sparingly water-soluble solvent, and a treated object in which the tissue is completely replaced with the sparingly water-soluble solvent can be obtained. As a result, the crystal densification, dimensional stability, and storage stability of the treated object are further improved, which is effective for preservation treatment of a wide range of objects. Therefore, in order to maintain the dimensional stability of the object after treatment, depending on the state of the object to be treated, a higher alcohol mainly composed of saturated alcohol with a melting point of 50 to 70 ° C. and a soluble, bactericidal and A mixture comprising a cationic surfactant having antibacterial properties, or a mixed composition in which a part of the cationic surfactant having bactericidal and antibacterial properties is replaced with naturally derived lignophenol or lignocresol Best to use.

In the storage methods 1 and 2, a higher alcohol having 16 to 22 carbon atoms, a cationic surfactant, and a composition containing lignophenol or lignocresol partially substituted with a higher alcohol having 8 to 22 carbon atoms that is soluble in a composition containing It is also possible to add 12 fatty acid glycols, cellulose alkyl ethers, termite inhibitors, colorants, and the like.

In the present invention, higher alcohols having a melting point of 50-70° C. have 16-22 carbon atoms. Typical examples of such higher alcohols include the following.
- Cetyl alcohol 70 (melting point 50-54°C, _C16 alcohol 70-75%, _C18 alcohol 25-30%)
- Cetyl alcohol 50 (melting point 52-55°C, _C16 alcohol 50-55%, _C18 alcohol 45-50%)
・Stearyl alcohol (melting point 57.5-59.5°C, _C16 alcohol 20% or less, _C18 alcohol 80-90%)
・Behenyl alcohol 65 (melting point 65-70°C, _C22 alcohol 65-70%, _C20 alcohol 20% or less, _C18 alcohol 20% or less)
・Cetostearyl alcohol (melting point 54-56°C, _C16 alcohol 45-55%, _C18 alcohol 45-65%)

The cationic surfactant added to the higher alcohol having 16 to 22 carbon atoms and having a melting point of 50 to 70° C. is soluble in the higher alcohol and has a saturated or unsaturated long chain of 8 to 22 carbon atoms in its structure. It contains a chain alkyl group, and the following can be exemplified, for example.
・Dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride ・Tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride ・Stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride ・Hexadecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride ・Octadecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride ・Oleyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride ・Behenyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride ・Cetylpyridinium chloride

In addition, lignophenol and lignocresol, which can be used by partially substituting cationic surfactants containing long-chain alkyl groups with saturated or unsaturated carbon atoms of 8 to 22, replace lignin contained in natural wood with phenol or cresol. It has an estimated molecular weight of 1,000 to 5,000 and a thermal pour point of 130 to 170° C., and is manufactured by Fujii Engineering & Design Co., Ltd. at a manufacturing plant on the island of Okinoshima.

The animals and plants included in relics and the like as used in the present invention generally refer to all animals and plants. Excavated cultural relics include products excavated from various ruins and ancient tombs (pieces of wood, dugout canoes, wooden implements, etc.), metal products (round mirrors, bronze bells, swords, fishing hooks, ironware, etc.), earthenware (pottery, etc.), and animals. It includes various relics such as products (textiles, human bones, animal bones, etc.) and excavated animal and plant materials (tree leaves, textiles, nuts, seeds, hemp, silk, lacquered films, etc.).

According to the method for preserving relics and the like according to the present invention, compared to the method for preserving relics and the like using only higher alcohol as a poorly water-soluble solvent, the solid processed object has a finer structure after processing. In addition, according to the method for preserving relics and the like according to the present invention, not only can it be used for a wider range of objects, but also the post-treatment object is less susceptible to humidity, external temperature, etc. Long-term storage is possible. In addition, a composition of a poorly water-soluble solvent higher alcohol and a cationic surfactant, or a composition containing a higher alcohol and a cationic surfactant partially substituted with lignophenol or lignocresol is treated. Since the fine structure of the post-processed object will be formed, the post-processed object will not absorb moisture in the storage ambient environment and will not cause problems such as aging and cracking. Furthermore, post-treatment objects, such as post-treatment animals and plants, having such properties can be obtained in a shorter treatment time.

1 is a process diagram showing a method for preserving relics and the like according to the present invention; FIG. FIG. 4 is a process diagram showing another method of preserving relics and the like according to the present invention;

The present invention will be described in more detail below.

In FIG. 1 showing preservation method 1, in the first step, an object is immersed in a water-soluble solvent consisting of a linear (saturated) or branched alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and the impregnated water of the object is immersed in the water-soluble solvent. replace with . By going through this first step, an object is obtained in which water contained in the object in a supersaturated state is replaced with a water-soluble solvent.

In the next second step, the object impregnated with the water-soluble solvent through the first step is added to a higher alcohol mainly composed of saturated alcohol with a melting point of 50 to 70 ° C. and a cationic surfactant. The object is immersed in the poorly water-soluble solvent to replace the impregnated water-soluble solvent of the object with the poorly water-soluble solvent. In this second step, lignophenol or lignocresol is added to the sparingly water-soluble solvent, if necessary. Further, lignophenol or lignocresol is added up to 3% of the poorly water-soluble solvent in place of part of the cationic surfactant contained in the poorly water-soluble solvent. Through this second step, an object in which the water-soluble solvent is completely replaced with the poorly water-soluble solvent is obtained.

Finally, in the third step, the object impregnated with the sparingly water-soluble solvent is cooled and solidified in the air at normal temperature and normal pressure. As a result, a post-processing object for which storage processing by storage method 1 has been completed is obtained.

In FIG. 2 showing storage method 2, in the first step, the object is immersed in a water-soluble solvent consisting of a linear (saturated) or branched alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and the impregnated water of the object is immersed in the water-soluble solvent. replace with . By going through this first step, an object is obtained in which water contained in the object in a supersaturated state is replaced with a water-soluble solvent.

In the next second step, the object impregnated with the water-soluble solvent through the first step is added to a higher alcohol mainly composed of saturated alcohol with a melting point of 50 to 70 ° C. and a cationic surfactant. At least 40% of the impregnated water-soluble solvent of the object is replaced with the poorly water-soluble solvent by immersing it in the poorly water-soluble solvent. In this second step, lignophenol or lignocresol is added to the sparingly water-soluble solvent, if necessary. Further, lignophenol or lignocresol is added up to 3% of the poorly water-soluble solvent in place of part of the cationic surfactant contained in the poorly water-soluble solvent.

Finally, in the third step, the object impregnated with the water-soluble solvent and the sparingly water-soluble solvent is freeze-dried under vacuum. As a result, only the water-soluble solvent evaporates and disappears from the object, and the object after the preservation treatment by preservation method 2 is completed is obtained.

Next, the embodiment will be described with specific examples.

[Example 1]
In Example 1, a case where a piece of wood as an excavated relic discovered from an archaeological site is treated according to preservation method 1 will be described as an example.

In the first step, a piece of wood is placed in methyl alcohol (methanol), which is a water-soluble solvent, and immersed in it for one to several days. During the immersion, all of the moisture in the wood chip is replaced with methyl alcohol, and a wood chip in which all of the water content in the wood chip structure is replaced with methyl alcohol is obtained. During the immersion in methyl alcohol, the moisture contained in the wood leaches out into the methyl alcohol and the concentration of methyl alcohol decreases.

As a pretreatment for the second step, methyl alcohol as a lower alcohol and stearyl alcohol as a higher alcohol (C ₁₈ /90%, C ₁₆ /10%, melting point 60.5 ° C.) 95% and benzalkonium type A mixed composition (melting point 60.19°C) with 5% stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, which is a cationic surfactant, is put in a constant temperature vessel and melted at 62°C, and a piece of wood is placed in the one kept at 62°C. , to soak for several days. This pretreatment is performed to prevent the difference in concentration and molecular weight from methyl alcohol, which is a lower alcohol contained in the wood chip, when the wood chip is immersed in a mixed composition of a higher alcohol and a cationic surfactant in the second step. It is intended to prevent cracks and shrinkage of the wood pieces caused by it.

In the second step, a mixed composition of stearyl alcohol, which is a higher alcohol, and stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, which is a benzalkonium-type cationic surfactant, is placed in a thermostat and dissolved at 62°C. Then, a piece of wood is immersed in a medium kept at 62°C for several days. This replaces the methyl alcohol in the piece of wood with a composition consisting of stearyl alcohol and stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride. After completion of replacement, remove the wood piece from the thermostat.

In the third step, the piece of wood is cooled and solidified at room temperature to obtain a post-treatment object (piece of wood), which is a cultural relic preserved according to preservation method 1. A post-treatment object treated in this manner retains its original shape before excavation, and can be semi-permanently preserved without being deformed. In addition, the post-treatment object has the reversibility necessary for preservation treatment of this kind of cultural relic.

As in Example 1, a mixed composition of stearyl alcohol, which is a higher alcohol, and stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, which is a benzalkonium-type cationic surfactant, was used as a sparingly water-soluble solvent for storage treatment. The solid post-treatment object (1) was compared with the solid post-treatment object (2) after preservation treatment using only stearyl alcohol as the poorly water-soluble solvent. That is, regarding the post-treatment objects (1) and (2), the tangential, radial and vertical dimensional changes of the wood pieces after the preservation treatment were compared between the post-treatment and one month after the treatment.

[Dimensional change]
Object after processing Tangential direction Radial direction Vertical direction (1) 1.2% 0.2% 0%
(2) 2.0% 1.7% 0%

From this, the solid after-treatment object (1) preserved by the preservation method 1 is a solid object preserved by the preservation method that does not contain stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, which is a benzalkonium-type cationic surfactant. It can be seen that the tangential and radial dimensional changes are small compared to the processed object (2). In addition, the benzalkonium-type cationic surfactant used here is a kind of cationic surfactant, and in the presence of a higher alcohol, it adsorbs to an object having a negative (-) charge and is particularly excellent. In addition to exhibiting antibacterial and bactericidal properties, it also exhibits antiseptic properties against viruses. For this reason, the cationic surfactant added to the higher alcohol protects the post-treatment object by the antibacterial and bactericidal properties of the benzalkonium-type cationic surfactant, and the post-treatment object is preserved in its original form before excavation. It can be stored semi-permanently while being held.

[Example 2]
In Example 2, a case in which a piece of wood as an excavated relic discovered from an archaeological site is treated according to preservation method 2 will be described as an example.

Preservation method 2 is also substantially the same as preservation method 1 up to the intermediate steps. That is, in the first step, a piece of wood is placed in tertiary butyl alcohol, which is a type of lower alcohol, which is a water-soluble solvent, and is immersed in it for one to several days. During the immersion, all of the moisture in the wood chip is replaced with tertiary butyl alcohol, and a wood chip in which all the moisture content in the wood chip texture is replaced with tertiary butyl alcohol is obtained. During the immersion in tertiary butyl alcohol, the moisture contained in the wood leaches out into the tertiary butyl alcohol and the concentration of tertiary butyl alcohol decreases. Replace with butyl alcohol.

In the same manner as in Example 1, as a pretreatment for the next step 2, tertiary butyl alcohol, which is a lower alcohol, stearyl alcohol, which is a higher alcohol, and cetylpyrroli, which is a cationic surfactant, were added. A mixed composition of 4.5% dinium chloride and 0.5% lignophenol (melting point 60.19°C) was placed in a constant temperature vessel and melted at 62°C. Soak for several days. This pretreatment is intended to prevent cracking and shrinkage of the wood piece due to the difference in concentration and molecular weight between the tertiary butyl alcohol and the higher alcohol, which is a poorly water-soluble solvent, in the second step. .

In the second step, a mixed composition of stearyl alcohol similar to the above, which is a higher alcohol, 4.5% cetylpyridinium chloride, which is a cationic surfactant, and 0.5% lignophenol (melting point 60.91 ° C. ) is placed in a constant temperature vessel and melted at 62°C, and the piece of wood is immersed in the solution maintained at 62°C for several days. When about 50% of the tertiary butyl alcohol in the piece of wood has been replaced with the mixed composition of stearyl alcohol, cetylpyridinium chloride and lignophenol, the immersion is terminated and the piece of wood is removed from the thermostat.

In the third step, the wood chips are rapidly frozen in a freezer and then dried using a vacuum freeze-drying apparatus. As a result, all of the tertiary butyl alcohol remaining in the wood piece sublimates and disappears. remain within. As the drying progresses, the piece of wood solidifies, and finally a solid post-treatment object preserved by the preservation method 2 is obtained. The processed object (wood piece), which is a cultural relic processed by this preservation method 2, retains its original shape before excavation, and can be preserved semi-permanently without being deformed. In addition, the post-treatment object has the reversibility necessary for preservation treatment of this kind of cultural relic.

[Example 3]
In this Example 3, a case where a variety of rice (tortoise tail) seven days after harvesting is treated according to the storage method 1 will be described as an example.

In the first step 1, one strain of rice (turtle tail) is placed in methyl alcohol, which is a water-soluble solvent, and soaked for several days. During immersion, all of the moisture in the rice is replaced with methyl alcohol, and rice in which all of the moisture contained in the rice tissue is replaced with methyl alcohol is obtained. During the immersion in methyl alcohol, the water contained in the rice leaches out into the methyl alcohol and the concentration of methyl alcohol decreases.

As a pretreatment for the second step, methyl alcohol, which is a lower alcohol, stearyl alcohol, which is a higher alcohol, and 4.5% of stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, which is a benzalkonium-type cationic surfactant, were used. (melting point: 60.19°C) is placed in a constant temperature vessel and melted at 62°C. The reason for performing this pretreatment is as described above.

In the second step, stearyl alcohol similar to the above, which is a higher alcohol, 4.5% stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, which is a benzalkonium-type cationic surfactant, and 0.5% lignocresol as an adjuvant. The mixed composition (melting point 60.20° C.) is placed in a constant temperature vessel and melted at 62° C., and the pretreated rice is immersed in the temperature maintained at 62° C. for several days. This completely replaces the methyl alcohol in rice with a mixed composition of stearyl alcohol, stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and lignocresol. After completion of replacement, the rice plants are taken out from the thermostat.
In the third step, the rice plant is cooled and solidified at room temperature to obtain the post-treatment object (rice plant) that has been preserved according to preservation method 1. A post-treatment object, which is a cultural relic treated in this way, retains its original shape before excavation and can be preserved semi-permanently without being deformed. In addition, the post-treatment object has the reversibility necessary for preservation treatment of this kind of cultural relic.

Regarding the dimensional stability, the length of the portion along the vein (leaf vein direction portion) and the length of the portion perpendicular to the vein (horizontal portion) of 10 leaves of rice before treatment were measured. , was compared with the length measured at the same position in the treated rice. Object after preservation treatment using a mixed composition comprising stearyl alcohol, which is a higher alcohol, stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, which is a benzalkonium-type cationic surfactant, and lignocresol (1) On the other hand, the treated object (2) after preservation treatment using only stearyl alcohol as the poorly water-soluble solvent was similarly measured before and after the treatment, and the treated object (1 ) The dimensional changes before and after the treatment of (2) were compared.

[Dimensional change]
Object after processing Vein direction Lateral direction (1) 0.01% 0.1%
(2) 0.015% 0.2%

From this, it can be seen that the processed object (1) preserved by the preservation method 1 has smaller dimensional changes in the leaf vein direction and lateral direction than the post-processed object (2).

[Example 4]
In this Example 4, a case where a 98-cm-long female Edobra shark was treated according to preservation method 1 will be described.

In the first step, a 98-cm-long Edobra shark is immersed in a water-soluble solvent, methyl alcohol, for several days. All of the water in the edobra shark is replaced by methyl alcohol during soaking. As a result, an Edo-breasted shark in which all of the water contained in the tissues of the Edo-breasted shark is replaced with methyl alcohol is obtained. During the immersion in methyl alcohol, the water contained in the edobra shark leaches out into the methyl alcohol and the concentration of methyl alcohol decreases.

Thereafter, as a pretreatment for the second step, methyl alcohol, which is a lower alcohol of a water-soluble solvent, and stearyl alcohol, which is a higher alcohol of a slightly water-soluble solvent (C ₁₈ /90%, C ₁₆ /10%, melting point 60.5) ° C)) and 13% of cetylpyridinium chloride, a cationic surfactant having bactericidal and antibacterial properties (melting point 64.66 ° C), was placed in a thermostat and melted at 66 ° C. , immerse pretreated edobra sharks in a solution maintained at 66°C and leave for several days. The reason for performing this pretreatment is as described above.

In the next second step, a mixed composition (melting point 64.66° C.) of stearyl alcohol, which is a higher alcohol, and 13% cetylpyridinium chloride, which is a cationic surfactant, is placed in a thermostat. The pretreated edobra shark is immersed in a solution that is melted at 66°C and maintained at 66°C, and left for several days. As a result, methyl alcohol in the edobra shark is completely replaced with a mixed composition of stearyl alcohol and cetylpyridinium chloride, which are poorly water-soluble solvents. After completion of the substitution, remove the edobra shark from the incubator.
In the third step, the Edo bull shark is cooled and solidified at room temperature to obtain a cured solid post-treatment object (Ed bull shark). The edobra shark treated in this way retains its original shape before treatment, and can be preserved semi-permanently without being deformed. Also, the treated edobra shark has the reversibility necessary for conservation treatment.

Regarding the dimensional stability, the total length of the treated solid (1) was measured before and after the treatment, and the dimensional change before and after the treatment was calculated.

As a comparison target for this post-treatment solid (1), the following post-treatment solid (2) was prepared. A 96-cm-long female Edobra shark is immersed in a water-soluble solvent, methyl alcohol, for several days. Thereafter, as a pretreatment, a mixture of methyl alcohol and the same stearyl alcohol as above was dissolved at 63° C. in a constant temperature vessel, and the edobra shark was placed in a solution maintained at 63° C. and immersed for several days. Next, in a thermostatic chamber, only stearyl alcohol, which is a higher alcohol, was placed in the thermostatic chamber and dissolved at 65° C., and the pretreated edobra shark was immersed in the solution maintained at 63° C. for several days. After the methyl alcohol in the edobra shark was completely replaced with stearyl alcohol, the edoab shark was taken out of the thermostat and cooled at room temperature to solidify. As a result, a solid post-treatment object (2) is obtained after preservation treatment using only stearyl alcohol as the poorly water-soluble solvent. For this post-treatment object (2), the total length before and after treatment was also measured, the dimensional change before and after the treatment was calculated, and the dimensional changes before and after the treatment of the post-treatment objects (1) and (2) were compared.

[Dimensional change]
Total length of object after treatment (1) 0.14%
(2) 0.25%

From this, it can be seen that the post-treatment object (1) subjected to preservation treatment has a smaller dimensional change in the total length than the post-treatment object (2).

Claims (6)

A first step of immersing an object to be preserved, which is an animal or plant or an excavated cultural relic, in a water-soluble solvent consisting of a linear or branched alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms to replace the impregnation water of the object to be preserved with the water-soluble solvent. and,
The object to be preserved, which has been impregnated with a water-soluble solvent through the first step, is treated with a sparingly water-soluble solvent made by adding a cationic surfactant to a higher alcohol mainly composed of a saturated alcohol with a melting point of 50 to 70°C. a second step of immersing and replacing the impregnated water-soluble solvent of the object to be preserved with a poorly water-soluble solvent;
a third step of solidifying the preservation treatment object impregnated with the sparingly water-soluble solvent through the second step;
A method for preserving animals, plants, or excavated cultural relics, characterized by comprising: A first step of immersing an object to be preserved, which is an animal or plant or an excavated cultural relic, in a water-soluble solvent consisting of a linear or branched alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms to replace the impregnation water of the object to be preserved with the water-soluble solvent. and,
The object to be preserved, which has been impregnated with a water-soluble solvent through the first step, is treated with a sparingly water-soluble solvent made by adding a cationic surfactant to a higher alcohol mainly composed of a saturated alcohol with a melting point of 50 to 70°C. a second step of immersing and replacing at least 40% of the impregnated water-soluble solvent of the preservation treatment object with the poorly water-soluble solvent;
a third step of freezing and drying under vacuum the object to be preserved that has been impregnated with the water-soluble solvent or poorly water-soluble solvent through the second step;
A method for preserving animals, plants, or excavated cultural relics, characterized by comprising: 3. The method for preserving animals, plants or excavated cultural relics according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of the cationic surfactant in the slightly water-soluble solvent does not exceed the melting point range of the higher alcohol. 4. The method for preserving animals, plants or excavated cultural relics according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein lignophenol or lignocresol is added to the slightly water-soluble solvent. 5. The poorly water-soluble solvent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein 2 to 15% of a cationic surfactant is added to 85 to 98% of a higher alcohol having 16 to 22 carbon atoms. Conservation methods for the described flora and fauna or excavated cultural relics. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein lignophenol or lignocresol is added up to 3% of the poorly water-soluble solvent in place of part of the cationic surfactant contained in the poorly water-soluble solvent. Preservation methods for flora and fauna or excavated cultural relics.

Images