JP2724047B2 - Excavated cultural relics and how to preserve them - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an excavated cultural relic that can be preserved for a long period of time before excavating relics excavated from various tumuli and archeological sites, and a method for preserving the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, excavated cultural relics are a cultural heritage of mankind, and are not only interesting for modern people to know the ancient way of life, but also important as a cultural heritage of mankind from the viewpoint of new and new knowledge. . Therefore, it is desirable that excavated cultural relics be preserved for a long time before excavation.

[0003] By the way, relics excavated from archeological sites, as well as relics found on land, especially relics excavated from archeological trenches, are usually buried in a clay layer and are impregnated with water in a supersaturated state. . Because of this, cultural artifacts after excavation,
In particular, wooden remnants, in which cellulose, the main component, collapses and flows out, and initially retains its external form barely due to water content, but undergoes severe shrinkage as drying progresses, and finally deforms so as not to retain its original shape. Therefore, as a conventional method of preserving excavated cultural relics, PEG, a water-soluble resin, is used.
(Polyethylene glycol) or a method of impregnating tertiary butyl alcohol and PEG at a fixed ratio and freeze-drying in vacuum is generally adopted.

[0004]

However, in this PEG impregnation method, the difference between the molecular weight of water (about 18) contained in a relic and the molecular weight of PEG (generally 4000) is abnormally large, and rapid impregnation occurs. When the treatment is performed, relics shrink violently, and not only the original shape before excavation cannot be retained, but also inconveniences such as cracks occur. To prevent this, the relics are immersed in water placed in a constant temperature water bath, PEG is dissolved in water at a rate of, for example, 1% every few days, and the PEG concentration is gradually increased to replace the water content of the relics with PEG. I do. For this reason, the processing work usually takes several months to several years for large relics, and a long processing time makes it impossible to cope with many excavated relics. In addition, PEG is water-soluble and absorbs moisture in the air, which often causes defects such as deformation and cracking of relics after the preservation process. There are difficulties in sex.

On the other hand, even in the vacuum freeze-drying method, since the PEG is impregnated with 50-60% inside the relic, the same low-humidity surrounding environment as above is required for storage. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an excavated relic that can be stored for a long period of time without being affected by humidity or the like even in a normal temperature state in view of the above problems. Another object of the present invention is to significantly reduce the number of days for preservation treatment, to maintain the original shape of the excavated relics before excavation for a long period of time, and to maintain the original shape even by humidity and the like in the preservation surrounding environment. It is an object of the present invention to provide a possible method of preserving excavated relics.

[0006]

According to the present invention, there is provided a cultural relic excavated by the present invention, wherein the excavated cultural relic includes cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol,
It is characterized by being impregnated and solidified with only one selected from behenyl alcohol. The preservation method is a step of immersing a cultural relic in lower alcohol to replace the impregnated water of the cultural relic with a lower alcohol, and using the cultural relic as a higher alcohol, only one selected from cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol. A method of preserving the method comprising: a step of substituting a lower alcohol with a higher alcohol for impregnation of a cultural relic and a step of solidifying a cultural relic impregnated with the higher alcohol, or a method of immersing the cultural relic in a lower alcohol Replacing the impregnated water of the cultural relics with lower alcohols, and immersing the cultural relics in higher alcohols to replace the impregnated lower alcohols of the cultural relics with higher alcohols by at least 40%;
A method of freezing and drying a cultural relic impregnated with a lower alcohol and a higher alcohol under vacuum.

The relics of the present invention are impregnated and solidified with only one of the higher alcohols selected from cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol. It can be stored semi-permanently without doing anything. Especially,
Since the impregnated higher alcohol is poorly water-soluble, no problems such as deformation and cracking occur even in a humid storage environment. Although there is no specific method for obtaining a cultural relic having such an excellent long-term preservation property, the preservation method or the method of the present invention is optimal. According to the method, not only the processing period can be shortened by 1/5 or more than the conventional PEG impregnation method or vacuum freeze-drying method, and the storage performance after the processing is excellent.
Thus, the method is as follows.

First, in the preservation method, the excavated cultural relic is immersed in lower alcohol to replace the water contained in the relic with lower alcohol. In this process, a relic is obtained in which the water impregnated with supersaturation in the relic is completely replaced with a lower alcohol. Next, the relic is immersed in one selected from cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol as higher alcohols, and the impregnated lower alcohol in the relic is replaced with higher alcohol, and the lower alcohol and higher alcohol are completely replaced. Get.
Finally, the relics impregnated with higher alcohols are solidified in air at normal temperature and pressure to obtain the cultural relics of the present invention.

In the present invention, the lower alcohol is not limited as long as it can be replaced with the impregnated water of the relics, but it is preferably soluble in water at normal temperature and pressure for convenience of treatment. Examples of such lower alcohols include ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol and the like. Cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol as higher alcohols can be substituted for the lower alcohols, are suitable for the preservation environment of relics, are insoluble or only slightly soluble in water, and are solid at room temperature. When these higher alcohols are used, the temperature is set according to each melting point, and the higher alcohols are liquefied.

In the preservation method, the impregnated water of the cultural relic is replaced with a lower alcohol, and after the impregnated water is completely replaced with the lower alcohol, the impregnated lower alcohol is replaced with at least 40% of the higher alcohol. Thereafter, if the relics containing the lower alcohol and the higher alcohols are frozen and dried under vacuum, only the lower alcohols evaporate and disappear from the relics, and become the cultural relics of the present invention.

The substitution ratio of the lower alcohol and the higher alcohol in the method is such that the lower alcohol first impregnated is at least 40% higher than the higher alcohol subsequently impregnated.
% Is sufficient, preferably 45-60.
%, Particularly preferably about 50%. The lower alcohol used in the method is almost the same as the above method, except that the freezing point of tertiary butyl alcohol and the rapid freezing after impregnation at about 23 ° C. are easy, and the tertiary butyl alcohol is easily vaporized under vacuum. It is most suitable for tert-butyl alcohol to fly itself during the replacement of relics with impregnated water and the replacement of higher alcohols.
The higher alcohol may be appropriately selected from cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol.

The cultural artifacts referred to in the present invention are wood products (wood pieces, round wooden boats, etc.) excavated from various archeological sites, tumuli, etc., metal products (circular mirrors, bronze dots, swords, fishing hooks, ironware, etc.), earth products. Includes various relics such as (earthenware, etc.), animal products (textiles, human bones, animal bones, etc.) and animal and plant excavated items (leaves, fruits, hemp fabrics, etc.).

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A preservation method for obtaining excavated cultural relics according to the present invention will be described below based on embodiments. However, in this embodiment, a piece of wood will be described as an example of an excavated relic discovered from an archeological site.

First, in the preservation method, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), methyl alcohol 3 as a lower alcohol among the water-soluble solvents of the previous example is put in a suitable container 2, and one piece of wood 1 is placed in the methyl alcohol 3. Soak for several days from day. During the immersion, the impregnated moisture of the wood piece 1 is gradually replaced by the methyl alcohol 3, and all the impregnated moisture in the wood piece 1 is replaced by the methyl alcohol 3. After the immersion, the wooden piece 1 is taken out of the container 2. Thereby, the wood piece 1 in which the impregnated water in the tissue is completely replaced with the methyl alcohol 3 is obtained. During the immersion, the concentration of methyl alcohol 3 decreases as the impregnated moisture in the wood piece 1 leaches into the methyl alcohol 3, and is replaced several times with new methyl alcohol on the way.

Thereafter, as a pre-process of the next step, FIG.
As shown in (b), a mixed solution 5 of an equal amount of methyl alcohol, which is a lower alcohol, and stearyl alcohol, which is a higher alcohol, is placed in a thermostat 4, and the wood piece 1 is immersed in the mixed solution 5 for several days. At this time, since the melting point of stearyl alcohol is about 56 ° C., the mixture 5 is kept at 58 ° C. This pretreatment prevents cracks and shrinkage of the wood chips due to the difference in concentration between the wood chips and the impregnated lower alcohol (methyl alcohol) when the wood chips are immersed in a higher alcohol (stearyl alcohol) as a poorly water-soluble solvent in the next step. This is for prevention.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), stearyl alcohol 7 dissolved at about 60 ° C. as a higher alcohol of a poorly water-soluble solvent is put into a thermostat 6, and the wood piece 1 is immersed in the stearyl alcohol 7. Then, it is left for several days while maintaining the temperature at about 60 ° C. Thereby, the methyl alcohol in the wood piece 1 is completely replaced with the stearyl alcohol 7 in the thermostat 6. During the replacement, the methyl alcohol in the wood piece 1 is leached out into the stearyl alcohol 7 in the thermostat 6, but the methyl alcohol has a boiling point of about 60 ° C. and evaporates completely, and all the liquid in the thermostat 6 is stearyl alcohol. It becomes 7. Incidentally, the boiling point of stearyl alcohol 7 is about 210 ° C. After the replacement is completed, the wood piece 1 is taken out of the thermostat 6.

Finally, the wooden relic 1 is cooled and solidified at room temperature to obtain the cultural relic of the present invention. This cultural relic (a piece of wood) retains its original shape before it was excavated, and can be stored semi-permanently without any deformation. Next, a storage method will be described. The method is almost the same as the method up to the intermediate step. First, tertiary butyl alcohol, which is a lower alcohol, is placed in a container as a water-soluble solvent. The excavated relics (wood chips) are immersed in butyl alcohol for one to several days, and the impregnated water in the wood chips is completely replaced with butyl alcohol. Of course, as in the previous method, the concentration of butyl alcohol decreases due to the water content of the pieces of wood during immersion.

As a pretreatment in the next step, a mixture of an equal amount of tertiary butyl alcohol (lower alcohol) and stearyl alcohol (higher alcohol) is placed in a thermostat in the same manner as in the method, and wood chips are added to the mixture for several days. Put it in. This pretreatment prevents cracks and shrinkage of the wood chips due to the difference in concentration between tertiary butyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol in the next step. At this time, the melting point of tertiary butyl alcohol is about 23 ° C., and that of stearyl alcohol is about 56 ° C.
Therefore, keep the mixture at about 40 ° C.

Thereafter, the wood chips are immersed in stearyl alcohol, which is a higher alcohol as a poorly water-soluble solvent, for several days. Here, the immersion is terminated when the tertiary butyl alcohol impregnated in the wood pieces is replaced with about 50% of stearyl alcohol, and the wood pieces are taken out. Then, after quick freezing in a freezer, the wooden pieces are frozen and dried under vacuum using a vacuum freeze dryer. As a result, all of the impregnated tertiary butyl alcohol in the wood piece is sucked and disappears, but stearyl alcohol remains in the wood piece structure because it is a hardly sublimable solid. As the drying progresses, the wood solidifies and becomes a cultural relic of the present invention. Of course, the obtained cultural relics (wood pieces) can be preserved permanently while retaining the original shape before excavation.

[0020]

The excavated cultural relics and the method for preserving the same according to the present invention are configured as described above and have the following effects. (1) Cultural relics are made by impregnating and solidifying only one of the higher alcohols selected from cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol, and the form before excavation does not change due to the influence of humidity, etc. It can be stored for a long time (semi-permanently).

(2) The storage method is a conventional PEG
Compared with the impregnation method or the vacuum freeze-drying method, the processing period required for storage is greatly reduced, and a large number of excavated relics can be stored at once. (3) In addition, the preservation method is such that, while retaining the form of the excavated relic in a state before excavation, the relic can be stored semipermanently at room temperature without deformation or decay due to humidity or the like.

(4) In the excavated relics treated by the preservation method, the excavated relics are finally impregnated and solidified with higher alcohols (only one selected from cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol). Compared to the method of impregnating with a natural PEG, it does not absorb moisture existing in the storage environment and does not have any problems such as aging and cracking. (5) Since higher alcohols (cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol) have low molecular weights,
Because it is easy to impregnate the excavated relics and only one type is used,
The work is simple and the cost is low. (6) The cultural relics and preservation method of the present invention having the above excellent effects (1) to (5) are unique, and are extremely important for long-term preservation of excavated relics as a valuable cultural heritage of mankind. Becomes

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a process chart for explaining a procedure of a storage method of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Wood piece (excavated relic) 2 Container 4.6 Incubator 3 Methyl alcohol (Water-soluble solvent) 5 Mixture of water-soluble solvent and poorly water-soluble solvent 7 Stearyl alcohol (Poorly water-soluble solvent)

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Takayasu Hizuka 184-1125 Takahata-cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture (56) References JP-A-2-22004 (JP, A) JP-A-50-59168 (JP, A)

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] [1] Higher alcohol is used for excavated cultural relics.
Cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, beheni
An excavated cultural relic characterized by impregnating and solidifying only one selected from alcohol . A step of substituting a lower alcohol impregnation water culture relics wherein by immersing the excavated cultural relics lower alcohol, cultural relics as higher alcohol, cetyl alcohol
, Stearyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol
A method for preserving an excavated cultural relic comprising a step of immersing the relic in only one type to replace the lower alcohol impregnated with the cultural relic with a higher alcohol, and a step of solidifying the cultural relic impregnated with the higher alcohol. 3. A step of immersing the excavated cultural relic in lower alcohol to replace the impregnated water of the cultural relic with lower alcohol, and immersing the cultural relic in higher alcohol to convert the impregnated lower alcohol of the cultural relic into higher alcohol at least. 40%
A method of preserving excavated cultural relics, comprising the steps of: substituting to a lower extent, and freezing and drying the cultural relics impregnated with lower alcohol and higher alcohol under vacuum. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein said lower alcohol is tertiary butyl alcohol.