JP2023055598A - Method of avoiding frost damage by shading - Google Patents

Method of avoiding frost damage by shading Download PDF

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JP2023055598A
JP2023055598A JP2021186016A JP2021186016A JP2023055598A JP 2023055598 A JP2023055598 A JP 2023055598A JP 2021186016 A JP2021186016 A JP 2021186016A JP 2021186016 A JP2021186016 A JP 2021186016A JP 2023055598 A JP2023055598 A JP 2023055598A
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frost damage
damage
flower buds
frost
shading
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JP7357381B2 (en
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嘉光 鈴木
Yoshimitsu Suzuki
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Abstract

To provide a method of avoiding frost damage.SOLUTION: The lowest temperature is confirmed on the day of frost, and only when frost damage is expected, a shade is made by a sunlight shield before the direct sunlight hits flower buds; this allows the frozen flower bud cells to thaw slowly and return to their original state, sparing them from damage, as long as the flower buds are not exposed to direct light until the outside temperature is at which they thaw.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

本発明は、果樹の凍霜被害を朝日を遮ぎることで、回避する。 The present invention avoids frost damage to fruit trees by blocking the morning sun.

農作物の凍霜害対策は、長年にわたり、燃焼法、散水氷結法、防霜ファン、被覆法、等で実施されてきたが、労力や経費の面で実施されるケースは少なく、期待する経営的メリットも十分でない。 For many years, measures against frost damage to crops have been implemented by the combustion method, the water freezing method, the anti-frost fan, the covering method, etc., but there are few cases where it is implemented in terms of labor and costs, and the expected business benefits is not enough.

近年、地球温暖化の影響から果樹等の樹木の生育の前進化が見られ、世界各地で大規模な凍霜害が発生している。 In recent years, pre-evolution of the growth of trees such as fruit trees has been observed due to the effects of global warming, and large-scale frost damage has occurred in various parts of the world.

また、日本国内でも４月以降、霜注意報が連日発表され、その都度農家は上記の方法で対処することを知っていても、高齢化も進んでおり、対処のタイミングを逃がし、甚大な被害が発生している。 In addition, even in Japan, frost warnings have been issued every day since April, and even if farmers know to deal with them with the above methods, the aging of the population is progressing, and they miss the timing to deal with them, resulting in serious damage. is occurring.

２００３年 植物の生長調節 Ｖｏｌ．３８．Ｎｏ．２ ２４０－２４８ 瀬古澤由彦・弦間 洋（筑波大学 農林学系）「果樹の凍霜害防止対策の現状」2003 Plant Growth Regulation Vol. 38. No. 2 240-248 Yoshihiko Sekozawa and Hiroshi Gemma (Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba) “Current status of countermeasures against frost damage to fruit trees”

１９５７年 日本気象学会「天気」特別号 田沢 博「霜害の機構とその防止法について」1957 Meteorological Society of Japan "Weather" Special Issue Hiroshi Tazawa "On the mechanism of frost damage and its prevention method"

凍霜害の発生メカニズムで、現在、有力視されている要因は、「植物細胞の凍結」と「融解後の水分ストレスによる細胞障害」である。 The factors that are currently considered to be the leading factors in the occurrence mechanism of frost damage are "freezing of plant cells" and "cell damage due to water stress after thawing".

本発明は、この考え方［０００７］に基づいて解決する技術である。
すなわち、「凍結細胞の解凍過程で生じる水分ストレスを大きくしない」の命題を解決するための技術である。The present invention is a technology that solves the problem based on this idea [0007].
In other words, it is a technique for solving the proposition "do not increase water stress generated in the process of thawing frozen cells".

本発明は、果樹の花芽が膨らんで、被害発生の生育ステージに入った時期から実施する技術である。 The present invention is a technique that is implemented from the time when flower buds of fruit trees swell and they enter the growth stage where damage occurs.

Figure 2023055598000001
の日出近くに、温度を確認した上で対策の必要性の最終判断を行う。
Figure 2023055598000001
Near sunrise, the final decision on the need for countermeasures will be made after confirming the temperature.

Figure 2023055598000002
ように工夫する。
Figure 2023055598000002
devised to

Figure 2023055598000003
して花芽を隠す。
Figure 2023055598000003
to hide the flower buds.

凍った花芽の細胞は、外気温の上昇でゆっくり解凍させることで、正常な状態に戻り凍霜害が回避され、開花・結実、高品質安定生産が可能となる。 By slowly thawing the frozen flower bud cells as the outside temperature rises, they return to their normal state, avoid frost damage, and enable flowering, fruiting, and high-quality, stable production.

このことにより、生産性の向上が図られ、産地銘柄の向上や農業後継者の育成拡大に大きく貢献することになる。 As a result, productivity will be improved, and it will greatly contribute to the improvement of production area brands and the expansion of cultivation of agricultural successors.

太陽光の遮へいによる日陰の創出と花芽の保護Creating shade and protecting flower buds by blocking sunlight

Figure 2023055598000004
Figure 2023055598000004

Figure 2023055598000005
を隠す。
Figure 2023055598000005
hide the

Figure 2023055598000006
Figure 2023055598000006

Claims (1)

早春、果樹の花芽が膨らんだ頃に、無風で強い放射冷却により花芽が凍結してしまった朝、日の出前までに樹体の東側に太陽光遮へい物を立て、朝日の直射光を遮って日陰を創出し、その内で凍結した花芽を外気温上昇に従って、ゆっくり解凍すれば凍霜害は回避される。In early spring, when the flower buds of the fruit trees swelled, the flower buds were frozen due to strong radiative cooling with no wind. is created, and if the frozen flower buds are thawed slowly as the outside temperature rises, frost damage can be avoided.
JP2021186016A 2021-10-06 2021-10-06 How to avoid frost damage by blocking light Active JP7357381B2 (en)

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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51127439U (en) * 1975-04-09 1976-10-15
JPS5344325A (en) * 1976-10-05 1978-04-21 Shigeru Kuroyanagi Automatic controlling method of electric fan for preventing frost damage
JPH0412834U (en) * 1990-05-21 1992-01-31
JPH07115856A (en) * 1993-10-21 1995-05-09 Nepon Inc Method for controlling freezing and frost injury and apparatus therefor
JPH08242707A (en) * 1995-03-06 1996-09-24 Yamamoto Mfg Co Ltd Device for preventing frost damage
JP3038837U (en) * 1996-12-18 1997-06-30 名古屋電気株式会社 Protective netting equipment for orchards
JPH09298958A (en) * 1996-05-13 1997-11-25 Masayoshi Matsuda Fruit covering device
JP2006109804A (en) * 2004-10-18 2006-04-27 Fulta Electric Machinery Co Ltd Frost protection apparatus using high frost protection fan having multiple head (multi-head system; several sets) and frost protection method using the same
JP2016093109A (en) * 2014-11-12 2016-05-26 英夫 大石 Agricultural greenhouse, and greenhouse for cherry

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51127439U (en) * 1975-04-09 1976-10-15
JPS5344325A (en) * 1976-10-05 1978-04-21 Shigeru Kuroyanagi Automatic controlling method of electric fan for preventing frost damage
JPH0412834U (en) * 1990-05-21 1992-01-31
JPH07115856A (en) * 1993-10-21 1995-05-09 Nepon Inc Method for controlling freezing and frost injury and apparatus therefor
JPH08242707A (en) * 1995-03-06 1996-09-24 Yamamoto Mfg Co Ltd Device for preventing frost damage
JPH09298958A (en) * 1996-05-13 1997-11-25 Masayoshi Matsuda Fruit covering device
JP3038837U (en) * 1996-12-18 1997-06-30 名古屋電気株式会社 Protective netting equipment for orchards
JP2006109804A (en) * 2004-10-18 2006-04-27 Fulta Electric Machinery Co Ltd Frost protection apparatus using high frost protection fan having multiple head (multi-head system; several sets) and frost protection method using the same
JP2016093109A (en) * 2014-11-12 2016-05-26 英夫 大石 Agricultural greenhouse, and greenhouse for cherry

Non-Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
" 氷点下になった時など植物内の水は凍結しないのか？", みんなの広場, JPN7023000577, 4 February 2006 (2006-02-04), JP, pages 1 - 2, ISSN: 0005099001 *
"佐藤錦 作柄を決める3つの条件", 山形味の農園, JPN7023000570, 1 January 2023 (2023-01-01), JP, pages 1 - 5, ISSN: 0005099002 *
中川行夫 : "果樹の凍害", 農業気象, vol. 第３６巻第４号, JPN7023000573, 1981, JP, pages 279 - 286, ISSN: 0005098997 *
今村拓幸 外３名: "気象災害等を踏まえた農作業のポイント", 今月の技術と経営, vol. 第５５７号, JPN7022005708, 9 March 2020 (2020-03-09), JP, pages 1 - 13, ISSN: 0005098995 *
佐久間宜昭 外２名: "落葉果樹4樹種の凍霜害危険度予測モデル", 園芸学研究, vol. 第１２巻第４号, JPN7023000575, 2013, JP, pages 403 - 409, ISSN: 0005098999 *
吉田静夫 外１名: "急速溶解の害", 低温科学 生物編, JPN7022005710, 25 December 1967 (1967-12-25), JP, pages 71 - 79, ISSN: 0005098994 *
多比良和生 外４名: "ナシ園の多目的防災網被覆による温度上昇効果と防霜効果", 茨城県農業総合センター園芸研究所研究報告, vol. 第５号, JPN7023000572, 1997, JP, pages 1 - 6, ISSN: 0005098992 *
小中原実 外１名: "カンキツの寒害防除に関する研究(第2報)", 農業気象, vol. 第２５巻第１号, JPN7023000574, 1969, JP, pages 31 - 37, ISSN: 0005098998 *
萩原栄輝 外３名: "スモモおよびオウトウの開花期における低温許容限界", 山梨県果樹試験所研究報告, vol. 第１２号, JPN7023000576, 2011, JP, pages 61 - 66, ISSN: 0005099000 *
藤島宏之 外２名: "簡易雨よけ栽培によるキウイフルーツ「レインボーレッド」の晩霜被害軽減効果", 福岡県農業総合試験場研究報告３１(２０１２), JPN7023000571, 2012, JP, pages 60 - 62, ISSN: 0005098996 *
酒井昭 外１名: "霜害におよぼす融解速度の影響", 低温科学 生物編, JPN7022005709, 25 December 1967 (1967-12-25), JP, pages 59 - 70, ISSN: 0005098993 *

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