JP2023041206A - Building with combined use of natural ventilation and forcible ventilation - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a building with combined use of natural ventilation and forcible ventilation, which uses a natural ventilation increasing phenomenon in a building which occurs in a winter season, secures a necessary amount of ventilation of the building with a minimum fan power, switches between natural ventilation and forcible ventilation or maintains an optimization of the necessary amount of ventilation, and reduces the ventilation cost of an air supply fan.SOLUTION: A ventilation blowing unit 16 having an outside air purification filter 18 and an air supply fan 19 is arranged in a building main body having an air tight structure having an exhaust port at a high position separated from an outside air introduction port such that the ventilation blowing unit 16 is in communication with the inside of the building main body from the outside air introduction port. The ventilation blowing unit 16 performs type-2 ventilation, which introduces outside air into the building main body from the outside air introduction port and discharges inside air from the exhaust port. The ventilation blowing unit 16 comprises an air supply fan control device for controlling an outside air supply volume of the air supply fan 19 according to a change in an outside air temperature detected by an outside air temperature sensor 22, and selecting natural air supply or forcible air supply or using both of them in combination to stably supply a necessary ventilation volume to the building main body throughout the year.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present invention switches between natural ventilation and forced ventilation by controlling the amount of air supplied by an air supply fan according to the outside air temperature that varies depending on the season, and uses both of them to ensure the required ventilation amount of the building throughout the year, and The present invention relates to a combined natural ventilation and forced ventilation type building in which the annual ventilation cost is reduced by stopping the air supply fan.

There are two types of ventilation methods in buildings: natural ventilation and forced ventilation using ventilation fans. Natural ventilation is achieved by placing the air supply port on the lower side of the building and the exhaust port on the higher side of the building as far apart as possible. Even if there is no air supply, outside air is naturally introduced from the air supply port and released from the exhaust port. In this natural ventilation, the amount of ventilation is increased by increasing the height difference between the air supply port and the exhaust port. Ventilation volume can be secured.

On the other hand, there are three types of forced ventilation in buildings: forced supply/exhaust type, forced air supply type, and forced exhaust type. For all types, the Building Standards Act stipulates the required ventilation volume so that indoor air is replaced with outdoor air at a rate of 0.5 times per hour. It is necessary to adjust the air volume of the ventilation fan according to the conditions such as the difference) and the capacity to secure a certain amount of the required ventilation volume.

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However, natural ventilation has the problem that ventilation efficiency is affected by fluctuations in outdoor air temperature from season to season. In addition, with forced ventilation, the necessary ventilation volume of the building can be secured, but if there is a temperature difference between indoors and outdoors due to a drop in the outside air temperature, the natural ventilation volume will increase in proportion to all the gaps in the building. , there is a problem that extra heating energy is required to heat the added outside air as a result of adding the outside air amount more than the required ventilation amount.

The present invention has been devised in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and utilizes the increase in the natural ventilation volume of the building that occurs in winter to ensure the required ventilation volume of the building with the minimum amount of fan power, and to combine natural ventilation with natural ventilation. To provide a combined natural ventilation and forced ventilation type building in which the required ventilation volume is maintained at an appropriate level by switching or using forced ventilation together, and the ventilation cost of an air supply fan is reduced.

(1) The means of the present invention according to claim 1 configured to solve the above-described problems is
A ventilation blower unit having an outside air purification filter and an air supply fan is provided in a building body having an airtight structure in which an exhaust port is provided at a high place away from the outside air introduction port and communicated from the outside air introduction port to the inside of the building body, In a building that performs type 2 ventilation in which outside air is introduced into the building main body from the outside air introduction port by a ventilation blower unit and indoor air is pushed out from the exhaust port, the ventilation blower unit includes an outside air temperature sensor, By controlling the amount of outside air supplied by the air supply fan according to the change in the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor, natural air supply or forced air supply is selected, or both are used to provide the necessary ventilation in the building body. It is equipped with an air supply fan control device for stable supply of air volume throughout the year.
(2) The air supply fan control device selects the air volume of the air supply fan from normal, weak, and stopped depending on the building conditions regarding the shape and volume of the building body and changes in the outside air temperature. should be
(3) Further, the air supply fan control device may be configured so that a plurality of operation start temperatures can be selected in each operating mode of the air supply fan of normal, weak, and stopped.
(4) Further, the ventilation blower unit includes a casing having an inlet connected to an outside air introduction pipe and an outlet connected to an outside air supply pipe, an outside air purification filter provided in the casing, and a downstream of the outside air purification filter. and an air supply fan located on the side of the casing.
(5) Further, the ventilation blower unit may be provided with a bypass pipe that bypasses the casing and connects the outside air introduction pipe and the outside air supply pipe.
(6) Further, it is preferable to provide an outside air induction effect by providing a throttle nozzle at the outlet of the casing toward the outside air supply pipe.
(7) Further, the bypass pipe is preferably heat-insulating.
(8) Further, it is preferable to provide a humidity-linked opening/closing louver at the exhaust port.

Since the present invention is constructed as described above, it has the following effects.
(1) Control the amount of outside air supplied to the building by an air supply fan according to changes in the outside air temperature, select natural air supply or forced air supply, or use both to stabilize the required amount of ventilation inside the building throughout the year. Since it is supplied, the operating cost of the air supply fan can be reduced.
(2) It is possible to reduce the operating cost of the air supply fan by selecting the air volume of the air supply fan from three modes (normal, weak, and stopped) according to the building conditions regarding the shape and volume of the building body and changes in the outside air temperature. can.
(3) Since the air supply fan control device is provided with a plurality of selectable operation start temperatures in each operation mode of the air supply fan, normal, weak, and stopped, the area of the building such as cold districts, the shape of the building, the volume, etc. An appropriate temperature can be selected in consideration of the conditions of
(4) The ventilation unit that supplies outside air to the building has a bypass pipe that bypasses the casing and connects the outside air introduction pipe and the outside air supply pipe, ensuring sufficient ventilation even when the supply fan is stopped. can do.
(5) Since the throttle nozzle is provided at the outflow port of the casing toward the outside air supply pipe, an outside air induction effect can be obtained.
(6) Since the bypass pipe has heat insulating properties, it is possible to maintain the temperature of cold outside air introduced in winter.

1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a building according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the ventilation blower unit; FIG. 3 is a plan view of an operating panel showing three modes of the ventilation fan control device, normal, weak, and stopped. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between natural ventilation and forced ventilation. FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a ventilation blower unit provided with a bypass pipe;

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the figure, 1 is a two-story building with an airtight structure, 2 is a building body that constitutes the building 1, the building body 2 is a slab 3 installed on the ground G, a foundation 4 provided on the slab 3, and the It is roughly composed of four outer walls 5 erected on a foundation 4 and a roof portion 6 provided on the outer walls 5 .

Inside the building body 2, an underfloor space 8 is defined by a first-floor section 7 provided facing the slab 3, and a vertical partition section 9 consisting of a first-floor ceiling section and a second-story floor section defines the building body 2. The inside is divided into a first-floor space 10 and a second-floor space 11 . A reference numeral 12 denotes a stairway that communicates the first floor space 10 and the second floor space 11 and serves as an air passage.

The building main body 2 has the structure described above, and is positioned near the underfloor space 8 and provided with an outside air inlet 13 on one surface of the outer wall 5. Then, an exhaust port 14 is provided in the outer wall 5. - 特許庁
Reference numeral 15 is a humidity-linked opening/closing louver provided at the exhaust port 14 . The humidity-linked opening/closing type louver 15 has a function of opening and closing according to the level of humidity in the building 1. When the house 1 is not at home, the amount of humidity exhausted is reduced, so the opening/closing louver 15 is closed and the outside air inlet 13 into the building 1 is closed. Heating capacity is suppressed by reducing the amount of outside air introduced, and energy saving is achieved.

Reference numeral 16 denotes a ventilation blower unit provided to ventilate the building 1 . Reference numeral 17 denotes a metal casing that constitutes the ventilation blower unit 16. The casing 17 includes a top plate 17A forming an inlet port _17A1 , a bottom plate _17B forming an outlet port 17B1, and the top plate 17A and bottom plate 17B. It is formed into a rectangular box shape from four body plates 17C, 17C, . . . provided between them. The casing 17 is lined with a heat insulating material (not shown) such as a foam material to have a heat insulating property, thereby preventing the temperature of the introduced outside air from rising. Inside the casing 17, an outside air purification filter 18 is provided on the upstream side, and an air supply fan 19 for sucking and pushing out the outside air is provided on the downstream side.

Reference numeral 20 denotes an outside air introduction pipe whose tip end side is connected to the introduction port _17A1 of the top plate 17A, and the base end side of the outside air introduction pipe 20 is connected to the outside air introduction port 13 mentioned above. Reference numeral 21 denotes an outside air supply pipe connected to the outlet port _17B1 of the bottom plate 17B. The tip 21A of the outside air supply pipe 21 opens into the underfloor space 8, and discharges the introduced outside air to the underfloor space 8. is. Reference numeral 22 denotes an outside air temperature sensor provided in the casing 17 near the introduction port _17A1 , which constantly detects the temperature of the outside air to be introduced and sends a temperature signal to the supply fan controller 23, which will be described later.

Reference numeral 23 denotes an air supply fan control device for controlling the operation of the air supply fan 19 in three modes of normal, weak, and stopped in order to maintain the necessary ventilation volume of 0.5 times per hour in the building body 2 . As shown in FIG. 3, the air supply fan control device 23 has normal operation (a) in summer, weak operation (b) in spring and autumn (between seasons), which is approximately half the air volume of normal operation (a), and stop operation (natural operation) in winter. Ventilation) It is configured in three modes of c.
The air supply fan control device 23 is set with six selectable operation start temperatures within the range of 12° C. to 17° C. in the normal operation mode functioning in summer. In the weak operation stage, which functions during the transition period between spring and autumn, and supplies approximately half the air volume of the normal operation stage, 11 selectable operation start temperatures are set within the range of -3°C to +16°C. There is. In the stop operation c functioning in winter, 11 selectable operation start temperatures are set within the range of -7°C to 15°C.
Here, the operating modes A, B, and C of the air supply fan 19 are provided with different operation start temperatures that can be selected depending on the average temperature of each season in the living area, the outside air introduction port 13 and the exhaust port 14. It corresponds to buildings with different conditions such as perspective difference and volume. Therefore, each operation start temperature is selected when the ventilation blower unit 16 is installed.

The air supply fan control device 23 is provided with temperature selection switches 23A, 23B, and 23C for selecting the operation start temperature from among the operation start temperatures for each of the three modes (a) to (c). The starting temperature of the supply fan 19 is selected in consideration of temperature fluctuations. To explain an example of operation, the temperature is set to 12°C for normal operation (a), 4°C for weak operation (b), and -5°C for stop operation (c).

In addition, the above-mentioned set temperature is an example, and considering the conditions of the building 1, the climatic conditions of the land, etc., it is set to 16 ° C. for normal operation A, 14 ° C. for weak operation B, and 11 ° C. for stop operation C. Each operation (a), (b), and (c) may be switched according to the fluctuation of the outside air temperature in each season.

This embodiment is constructed as described above, and its operation will be described below. The ventilation frequency of Building 1 is set at 0.5 times per hour, and the required ventilation volume can be maintained by forced ventilation. As a result, the number of times of ventilation gradually increases and exceeds the necessary ventilation volume of the building, and the room temperature drops. There is also waste in that a heating device for this purpose is also required.

On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the air supply amount of the forced ventilation by the air supply fan 19 is reduced in response to the increase in the outside air due to the natural ventilation due to the decrease in the outside air temperature, and the sum of the natural ventilation amount and the forced ventilation amount is characterized by maintaining the required ventilation throughout the year (Fig. 4). As a result, the operating cost of the air supply fan 19 can be reduced, and the heating cost when the temperature inside the building 1 is lowered can be covered by the operating cost of the air supply fan 19 .

FIG. 5 relates to a modification of this embodiment, which is characterized in that a bypass pipe 31 bypassing the casing 17 is provided between the outside air introduction pipe 20 and the outside air supply pipe 21 . The bypass pipe 31 has an outer surface covered with a heat-insulating material so as to have a heat-insulating property, and is intended to maintain the temperature of the introduced low-temperature outside air.
The role of the bypass pipe 31 is that the longer the intake fan 19 is stopped, the more power consumption is reduced. is increased to ensure a sufficient amount of ventilation while suppressing the operation of the air supply fan 19 due to the extension of the stop time.

Reference numeral 32 denotes a conical throttle nozzle projecting toward the outside air supply pipe ₂₁ at the outlet 17B1 of the bottom plate 17B. The throttle nozzle 32 is for efficiently inducing the outside air introduced into the casing 17 to the outside air supply pipe 21 by the outside air induction action.

1 Building 2 Building main body 13 Outside air inlet 14 Exhaust port 15 Humidity-linked open/close louver 16 Ventilation blower unit 17 Casing 18 Outside air purification filter 19 Air supply fan 20 Outside air introduction pipe 21 Outside air supply pipe 22 Outside air temperature sensor 23 Air supply fan controller 31 Bypass pipe 32 Restriction nozzle A Normal operation B Weak operation C Stop operation

(1) The means of the present invention according to claim 1 configured to solve the above-mentioned problems is an airtight structure building body ( 2), a ventilation blower unit (16) having an outside air purification filter (18) and an air supply fan (19) is provided in communication with the building body (2) from the outside air inlet (13), and the ventilation blower is provided. In a building (1) that performs type 2 ventilation in which outside air is introduced into the building body (2) from the outside air introduction port (13) by a unit (16) and indoor air is pushed out from the exhaust port (14), The ventilation blower unit (16) is provided with an outside air temperature sensor (22) and a plurality of operation start temperatures selectable in each operation mode of normal, weak, and stopped of the air supply fan (19). A fan control device (23) is provided, and the air supply fan control device (23) controls the amount of outside air supplied by the air supply fan (19) according to the change in the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor (22). Then, either natural air supply or forced air supply is selected, or both are used to stably supply the required ventilation volume throughout the year in the main building (2).
(2) Then, the air supply fan control device (23) adjusts the air volume of the air supply fan (19) to normal or weak depending on the building conditions regarding the shape and volume of the building body (2) and changes in the outside air temperature. , and stop.
₍ 3) In addition, the _ventilation blower unit (16 ) has a casing (17 ), an outside air purification filter (18) provided in the casing (17), and an air supply fan (19) provided in the casing (17) downstream of the outside air purification filter (18) Good to configure.
(4) Further, the ventilation blower unit (16) is provided with a bypass pipe (31) that bypasses the casing (17) and connects the outside air introduction pipe (20) and the outside air supply pipe (21). good.
(5) Furthermore, it is preferable to provide a throttle nozzle (32) at the outlet (17B ₁ ) of the casing (17) toward the outside air supply pipe (21) to obtain an outside air induction effect.
(6) Further, the bypass pipe (31) is preferably heat insulating.
(7) Further, it is preferable to provide a humidity-linked opening/closing louver (15) at the exhaust port (14).

Claims (8)

A ventilation blower unit having an outside air purification filter and an air supply fan is provided in a building body having an airtight structure in which an exhaust port is provided at a high place away from the outside air introduction port and communicated from the outside air introduction port to the inside of the building body, In a building that performs type 2 ventilation in which outside air is introduced into the building main body from the outside air introduction port by a ventilation blower unit and indoor air is pushed out from the exhaust port, the ventilation blower unit includes an outside air temperature sensor and a supply. An air fan control device is provided, and the air supply fan control device controls the amount of outside air supplied by the air supply fan according to the change in the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor, and selects natural air supply or forced air supply. Or, in combination, a natural ventilation and forced ventilation combined type building that stably supplies the required ventilation volume throughout the year in the building body. 2. The air supply fan control device selects the air volume of the air supply fan from normal, weak, and stopped in accordance with building conditions relating to the shape and volume of the building body and changes in outside air temperature. A building with both natural and forced ventilation as described. 3. The combined natural ventilation and forced ventilation system according to claim 2, wherein said air supply fan control device is configured so that a plurality of operation start temperatures can be selected in each operation mode of normal, weak, and stopped of said air supply fan. building. The ventilation blower unit includes a casing having an inlet to which an outside air introduction pipe is connected and an outlet to which an outside air supply pipe is connected, an outside air purification filter provided in the casing, and a downstream side of the outside air purification filter. 2. The building of claim 1, further comprising an air supply fan provided in said casing. 5. The building of claim 4, wherein the ventilation blower unit is provided with a bypass pipe that bypasses the casing and connects the outside air introduction pipe and the outside air supply pipe. 6. A combined natural ventilation and forced ventilation building according to claim 5, wherein a throttle nozzle is provided at the outlet of said casing toward said outside air supply pipe to obtain an outside air induction effect. 6. A combined natural and forced ventilation building according to claim 5, wherein said bypass pipe is heat insulating. 2. The combined natural and forced ventilation building according to claim 1, wherein said exhaust port is provided with a humidity-linked opening/closing louver.

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