JP2022534912A - 有機導電性ポリマーおよびそれらの使用 - Google Patents
有機導電性ポリマーおよびそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022534912A JP2022534912A JP2021570280A JP2021570280A JP2022534912A JP 2022534912 A JP2022534912 A JP 2022534912A JP 2021570280 A JP2021570280 A JP 2021570280A JP 2021570280 A JP2021570280 A JP 2021570280A JP 2022534912 A JP2022534912 A JP 2022534912A
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- alkyl
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- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 103
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 108
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-5,6-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)C(=O)N=C21 FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 azos Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006619 Stille reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AAMATCKFMHVIDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;1h-pyrrole Chemical compound N.C=1C=CNC=1 AAMATCKFMHVIDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoquinodimethane Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C1C=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(dicyanomethylidene)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(=C(C#N)C#N)C(F)=C(F)C1=C(C#N)C#N IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940071870 hydroiodic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OIXUJRCCNNHWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dioxane Chemical compound C1CCOOC1 OIXUJRCCNNHWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triphenylene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 21
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、改善された特徴を有する新しいクラスの導電性ポリマー、それらの製造方法および用途提供する。本発明の導電性ポリマーは、現在入手できる導電性ポリマーに比較して、化学療法抵抗性、熱的および環境的安定性、ならびにその他の電気および科学的特性の改善など顕著な利点を有する。本発明の導電性ポリマーはまた、分子の感知または検出、あるいはその他のトランジスタ、太陽電池、電池、帯電防止コーティング、および赤外線検出器などの電子工学に関連する多種多様な技術に適用することができる。
一実施形態では、本導電性ポリマーの合成は、以下の工程を含む。
(a)電子不足のアミド側鎖を持つジケトピロロピロール(diketopyrrolopyrrole, DPP)アクセプター構成単位を用意する工程、
(b)DPPアクセプター構成単位のピロール窒素の官能化の工程、
(c)(b)の生成物を臭素化試薬で処理し、臭素化生成物を得る工程、
(d)臭素化化合物とスティルカップリング反応できるドナー構成単位を用意する工程、及び
(e)(c)の臭素化生成物および(d)のドナー構成単位を、スティルカップリング反応を受けさせ、それにより導電性ポリマーを得る工程。
(b)(a)の溶液に、ゴムセプタムを通した注射器でゆっくりとジエチルスクシンイミドを加える工程、
(c)シアノ含有ヘテロ芳香族化合物1(Xは酸素、硫黄、またはセレンであり得る)を、少量のtert-アミルアルコールに溶解し、ゴムセプタムを通った注射器で反応混合物に30分間注入する工程、
(d)反応を24時間還流する工程、
(e)酢酸とメタノールを順次加えて、生成物を沈殿させる工程、および
(f)沈殿物を濾過し、水とメタノールで洗浄して、化合物2を得る工程。
(b)水素化ナトリウムを溶液に加え、反応混合物を室温で、窒素下で1時間撹拌する工程、
(c)臭素化R1を溶液にゆっくりと加え、室温で18時間撹拌する工程、
(d)反応混合物を、室温の脱イオン水でゆっくりクエンチする工程、
(e)液液抽出を使用して、粗生成物をクロロホルム、酢酸エチル、ジエチルエーテルまたはトルエンで抽出し、それを水および塩水で連続して洗浄し、有機部分を収集し、溶媒を除去する工程、および
(f)シリカゲルを固定相とし、クロロホルム、ヘキサン酢酸エチル、ジエチルのいずれかまたはトルエンを溶離液とし、室温で、フラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィーで粗生成物をさらに精製して、化合物3を得る工程。
(b)滴下漏斗を使用して、窒素下、室温で反応混合物に臭素をゆっくりと加え、反応混合物をさらに1時間撹拌する工程、
(c)室温の亜硫酸ナトリウム溶液を加えることにより反応混合物をクエンチする工程、
(d)液液抽出を使用して生成物をクロロホルムで抽出し、それを水で洗浄して溶媒を除去する工程、および
(e)生成物をクロロホルム/メタノール溶液で再結晶化して、化合物4を得る工程。
(b)溶液を-72oCに冷却し、ゴムセプタムを通して注射器で溶液にn-ブチルリチウムをゆっくりと加える工程、
(c)混合物を-72℃前後で1時間撹拌する工程、
(d)塩化トリメチルすず(IV)を、ゴムセプタムを通して注射器で溶液にゆっくりと加え、反応混合物を室温で18時間撹拌し、ここで水を混合物に加える工程、
(e)粗生成物をジエチルエーテルで抽出し、塩酸で洗浄し、次に有機部分を収集し、溶媒を除去する工程、および
(f)粗生成物をクロロホルム/メタノールで再結晶化して、化合物6を得る工程。
(b)無水クロロベンゼンとトリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)を順次添加する工程、
(c)混合物を120℃で24時間撹拌する工程、
(d)室温まで冷却してから、混合物を撹拌しながらメタノールに注ぐ工程、および
(e)沈殿物を収集し、メタノール、アセトン、およびクロロホルムを使用してソックスレー抽出によって精製して、ポリマーP1を得る工程。
一実施形態では、本導電性ポリマーは、10-3~10-1S/cmの範囲の導電率を有する。一実施形態では、本発明の導電性ポリマー自体は、室温でオーム化学抵抗性材料である。
本導電性ポリマーは、核磁気共鳴(Nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR)分光法およびX線吸収分光法を含む当技術分野で知られている技術を使用して、それらの物理的および化学的特性で分析することができる。
本導電性ポリマーおよび最終導電性ポリマーを製造するための中間化合物は有機溶媒に可溶であるため、本導電性ポリマーの製造は、従来の導電性ポリマーの製造よりもはるかに単純で対費用効果の高いである。
本発明の導電性ポリマーは、さまざまな有機溶媒に可溶であり、導電性ポリマーおよび有機溶媒を有する導電性インクを調製することができる。
本発明の導電性ポリマーは、特定の分子を検出することができ、特定のタイプの分子を検出するための感知材料およびセンサーを製造するために使用できる。感知材料とセンサーは、検出される分子の性質と多量に応じて、さまざまな構成と種類であり得る。本発明は、生物医学および環境などの様々な分野で、研究、産業または臨床用途に応用できる。
一実施形態では、本発明の導電性ポリマーで作ったセンサーは、2つ以上の気体分子の存在を同時に検出することができる。一実施形態では、本発明の導電性ポリマーで作ったセンサーは、異なる気体分子を区別することができる。
一実施形態では、本発明の導電性ポリマーで作ったセンサーは、水中の金属イオンなどの液体中の分子を検出および/または定量化することができる
一実施形態では、本導電性ポリマーは、化学抵抗性センサーデバイスの活性導電層として製造され、デバイスは、液体(例えば、水中の金属イオン)または気体(たとえば、制御された気体流れシステム内の揮発性有機化合物)中の分子を定性的または定量的に、あるいはその両方に検出するために使用できる。一実施形態では、センサーは、1つまたは複数のタイプの導電性ポリマーを含む。一実施形態では、液体分析物を分析するために、センサーは分析物の溶液中で培養される。分析には、単純な電流対時間の図表、または参照電極を使用した電化学ボルタンメトリースキャンが含まれる。
式中、
R1は、水素、アシル、カルボキシル、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、ヒドロキシアルキル、ハロゲン、ハロアルキル、エステル、エーテル、アルデヒド、ケトン、カルボン酸、アゾ、Z-アルキル、および有機金属錯体を含む金属を含む群から選択され、
Zは、環状エーテル、アミン、アミド、イミン、アジドおよびスルホニルを含む群から選択され、
R2、R3、R4およびR5は各々独立して、水素、アシル、カルボキシル、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アルコキシ、ヒドロキシアルキル、ハロゲン、ハロアルキル、エステル、エーテル、環状エーテル、アミン、アミド、イミン、アルデヒド、ケトン、カルボン酸、アジド、アゾ、アミド官能化炭化水素鎖、および有機金属錯体を含有する金属を含む群から選択され、
XおよびYは独立して、酸素、硫黄およびセレンから選択され、
Ar1およびAr2は各々独立して、ナフタレニル、アントラセニル、フェナントラセニル、トリフェニレン、ピレニル、チエノチオフェニル、ジチエノチオフェニルおよびベンゾジチオフェニルを含む群から選択され、およびnは1~5の範囲であり、mは少なくとも3である。
(a)ジケトピロロピロール(DPP)を含むアクセプター構成単位を調製する工程、
(b)DPPアクセプター構成単位のピロール窒素を官能化させる工程、
(c)(b)の生成物を臭素化試薬で処理し、臭素化生成物を得る工程、
(d)臭素化化合物とのスティルカップリング反応可能なドナー構成単位を調製する工程、および
(e)臭素化生成物およびドナー構成単位をスティルカップリング反応を受けさせ、それによりポリマーを得る工程。
a)有機溶媒中のポリマーの溶液を基板上に印刷する工程、
b)印刷された溶液を乾燥させ、それによって基板上に乾燥したフィルムを形成する工程、
c)乾燥したフィルムを熱アニーリングする工程、および
d)基板上の乾燥した膜をドーパントの溶液に沈め、それによって基板上に積まれた薄膜を得る工程。
(a)サンプルをデバイスに導入し、電流または電圧スキャンを実行して、1つまたは複数の図表を取得する工程、
(b)前記図表から信号特徴を抽出する工程、ここで前記特徴は、信号強度、経過時間、ピーク高さ、ピーク面積、ピーク半値幅、回復時間、およびピーク対称性を含む群から選択する工程、
(c)前記特徴を2つ以上の次元を有する図表に投影し、各次元は1つの特徴に対応し、前記図表内の特定の化合物の位置は一意的である、工程、および
(d)標的分子がサンプルに存在するかどうかを判断する工程。
示は、本発明に係る最新技術をより完全に説明するために、参照により本願に組み込まれる。「含む(including)」、「包含する(containing)」または「を特徴とする(characterized by)」と同義である「含む(comprising)」という過渡的な用語は包括的なものであり、追加の、引用されていない要素または方法工程を除外するものではないことに留意されたい。
(a)1つの口が冷却器に接続され、もう1つの口がゴムセプタムで栓をされ、窒素に接続された二口丸底フラスコでナトリウム(4.0モル)をtert-アミルアルコールに溶解す工程、。
(b)ゴムセプタムを通た注射器で(a)の溶液にジエチルスクシンイミド(0.5モル)をゆっくりと加える工程、
(c)シアノ含有ヘテロ芳香族化合物1(Xは酸素、硫黄またはセレンであり得る)(1.0モル)を少量のtert-アミルアルコールに溶解し、ゴムセプタムを通った注射器で、反応混合物に30分で注入する工程、
(d)反応を24時間還流する工程、
(e)酢酸とメタノールを順次加えて、生成物を沈殿させる工程、および
(f)沈殿物を濾過し、水とメタノールで洗浄して、40%の収率で化合物2を得る工程。
化合物3のピロール窒素の官能化は、次の工程を含む。
(a)丸底フラスコ中の無水N-メチルピロリドンに化合物2(1.0モル)を溶解す工程、
(b)水素化ナトリウム(2.2モル)を溶液に加え、反応混合物を室温で、窒素下で1時間撹拌する工程、
(c)臭素化R1(3.0モル)を溶液にゆっくりと加え、室温で18時間撹拌する工程、
(d)反応混合物を、室温の脱イオン水にゆっくり注ぎ、反応をクエンチする工程、
(e)粗生成物をクロロホルムで抽出し、それを水および塩水で連続して洗浄し、有機部分を収集し、溶媒を除去する工程、および
(f)未修飾のシリカゲル(200-450メッシュ)を固定相として、ヘキサン:酢酸エチル= 3:1を溶離液として、室温で、フラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィーで粗生成物をさらに精製して、43%の収率で化合物3を得る工程。
(a)化合物3(1.0モル)をクロロホルムに溶解し、溶液を窒素で10分間 パージする工程、
(b)滴下漏斗を使用して、窒素下、室温で反応混合物に臭素(2.1モル)をゆっくりと加え、反応混合物をさらに1時間撹拌する工程、
(c)室温の亜硫酸ナトリウム溶液を加えることにより反応混合物をクエンチする工程、
(d)生成物をクロロホルムで抽出し、それを水で洗浄して溶媒を除去する上程、および
(e)生成物をクロロホルム/メタノール溶液で再結晶化して、88%の収率で化合物4を得る工程。
ドナー構成単位のリチウム化は、次の工程を含む。
(a)1つの口が窒素に接続され、もう1つの口がゴムセプタムで栓をされた、二口丸底フラスコ内の無水テトラヒドロフランに化合物5(1.0モル)を溶解する工程、
(b)溶液を-72 oCに冷却し、ゴムセプタムを通して注射器で溶液にn-ブチルリチウム(2.0モル)をゆっくりと加える工程、
(c)混合物を-72℃前後で1時間撹拌する工程、
(d)塩化トリメチルすず(IV)を、ゴムセプタムを通った注射器で溶液にゆっくりと加え、反応混合物を室温で18時間撹拌し、ここで水を混合物に加える工程、
(e)粗生成物をジエチルエーテルで抽出し、それを0.1N塩酸で洗浄し、次に有機部分を収集し、溶媒を除去する工程、および
(f)粗生成物をクロロホルム/メタノールで再結晶化して、62%の収率で化合物6を得る工程。
(b)無水クロロベンゼンとトリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)(0.001モル)を順次添加する工程、
(c)混合物を120℃で24時間撹拌する工程、
(d)室温まで冷却したら、混合物を撹拌しながらメタノールに注ぐ工程、および
(e)沈殿物を収集し、メタノール、アセトン、およびクロロホルムを使用したソックスレー抽出によって精製して、92%の収率でポリマーP1を得る工程。
化学抵抗性センサーは、以下の工程を含む。
(a)実施例5で合成されたポリマー(例:ポリマーP1~6)を、クロロホルム、クロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、トルエン、アニソールまたはケトンなどの有機溶媒に5~10mg/mLの濃度で溶解するおことにより、インク溶液を調製する工程であって、前記溶液を60℃で、またはポリマーが完全に溶解するまで温める工程、
(b)スピンコーティング、ブレードコーティング、またはインクジェット印刷技術によって、センサー基板上にインク溶液を印刷する工程、
(c)インク溶液を100℃で乾燥させて、厚さ10~100nmの均一な薄膜を得る工程、
(d)薄膜を80℃~250℃で30分間の熱アニーリングで処理して、ポリマー主鎖から切断可能な側鎖を除去する工程、
(e)室温まで冷却したら、センサーデバイスをドーパント溶液(ヨウ素、p-トルエンスルホン酸、塩酸、臭化水素酸など)に沈め、50℃~80℃でさらに30分間加温する工程。一実施形態では、ドーパントは、p-トルエンスルホン酸または塩酸であり得る。複合体内のドーパントの含有量は、ポリマーの重量の10~50%の範囲である。
実施例6で製造されたセンサーは、最低1ボルトの動作電圧で化学抵抗性を持つ揮発性有機化合物センサーとして室温で動作された。
図5のA~Cは、SMU(Source/Measure Unit)を用いて 1V の動作電圧で、p-トルエンスルホン酸をドーパント(ポリマー複合体中約10%の重量がドーパント)として使った、側鎖を切断した後のP1(例としてポリマーP1-6)を、、感知基質として用いた電流対時間の検出曲線の例を示す。
主成分分析は、図7に示すように、p-トルエンスルホン酸をドーパント(ポリマー複合体中約10%の重量がドーパント)として側鎖を切断した後実施例6で組み立てたセンサー(例:ポリマーP1-6)を使用した実験組み立てで完成させ、分析は次の工程を含む。
(a)実験間内のキャリア気体として、500sccmの不変窒素流量を用いる工程、
(b)電流対時間のスキャンを使用し、異なる揮発性有機化合物を感知間に導入し、電流対時間の信号特性ピークを取得する工程、
(c)揮発性有機化合物の定性分析では、固定モル濃度の気体を実験間に注入する工程であって、結果的に1つ以上の図表を作成し、ここで、揮発性有機化合物が活性検知材料と異なる方法で、分子的に相互作用し得る。このような相互作用には、水素結合や分子間力の相互作用などの揮発性有機化合物とポリマー鎖上に設計された官能基の間相互作用、が含まれる。
(d)前記図表から信号特徴を抽出し、ここで前記特徴は、信号強度、経過時間、ピーク面積、ピーク高さ、ピーク半値幅、回復時間、およびピーク対称性を含む分から選択される、工程、
(e)前記信号特徴を2つ以上の次元を有する図表にプロットする工程であって、各次元(主成分とも呼ばれる)は1つの特徴に対応し、1つの化合物または前記図表内の特定の位置有である、工程、
(f)標的分子がサンプルに存在するかどうかを判断する工程。
図8は、センサー材料としてP1(この例では、p-トルエンスルホン酸をドーパントとして側鎖を切断した後の例としてポリマーP1-6)(ポリマー複合体中約10%の重量がドーパント)を使用して、アセトン、エタノール、ホルムアルデヒドおよび2名の異なる人の呼吸に対する生成された特定の信号を表す。この実験は、センサー材料としてP1を使用して携帯用のセンサーで行われた。その結果、このようなプロトタイプは、室温で気体を検出でき、必要な動作電力が低いことが示された。プロトタイプのサイズが小さく、安定性が良いため、日常的に使用する携帯用センサーの開発が容易になる。
(a)電圧対時間スキャンを使用して、サンプル、つまり、ホルムアルデヒド、エタノール、アセトン、または受験者Iと受験者IIの呼吸(気流制御なしで室温で実験間に直接呼気して収集される)、を、実験間に導入する工程、
(b)任意の電圧対時間信号特性ピークを取得する工程であって、ピークをさらに分析して、受験者の呼吸の気体組成を定性的または定量的に測れる工程。
図9は、実施例6で調製された、ドーパントとしてp-トルエンスルホン酸を用いた(ポリマー複合体中の約10重量%のドーパント)側鎖開裂後のポリマーP1~6で作られセンサーを室温で保存されるの安定性を示す。室温下周囲空気で少なくとも120日間曝されたポリマーの導電率が測れた。同じデバイスにドープされたポリマーの導電率は0.04~0.05 S/cmの範囲であり、大した変化は見られなく、周囲条件での材料の良好な安定性を示す。
導電性インクは、実施例5で合成したポリマーを、クロロホルム、クロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、トルエン、アニソール、ケトンなどの有機溶媒に1~10mg/mLの濃度で溶解し、溶液を60℃でまたはポリマーが完全に溶解するまで温める。
Claims (24)
-
式中、
R1は、水素、アシル、カルボキシル、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、ヒドロキシアルキル、ハロゲン、ハロアルキル、エステル、エーテル、アルデヒド、ケトン、カルボン酸、アゾ、Z-アルキル、および有機金属錯体を包含金属からなる群から選択され、Zは、環状エーテル、アミン、アミド、イミン、アジド、およびスルホニルからなる群から選択され、
R2、R3、R4、およびR5は各々独立して、水素、アシル、カルボキシル、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アルコキシ、ヒドロキシアルキル、ハロゲン、ハロアルキル、エステル、エーテル、環状エーテル、アミン、アミド、イミン、アルデヒド、ケトン、カルボン酸、アジド、アゾ、アミド官能化炭化水素鎖、および有機金属錯体を包含する金属からなる群から選択され、
XおよびYは独立して、酸素、硫黄、およびセレンから選択され、
Ar1およびAr2は各々独立して、ナフタレニル、アントラセニル、フェナントラセニル、トリフェニレン、ピレニル、チエノチオフェニル、ジチエノチオフェニル、およびベンゾジチオフェニルからなる群から選択され、および
nは1~5の範囲であって、mは少なくとも3である、ポリマー。 - R1は、水素、アシル、長鎖アルキル、長鎖アルケニル、および長鎖アルキニルからなる群から選択され、R2およびR3は独立して、水素、直鎖アルキル鎖、および分岐アルキル鎖からなる群から選択され、R4およびR5は独立して、水素、直鎖アルキル鎖、分岐アルキル鎖、エステル、エーテル、およびアミド官能化アルキル、アミド官能化アルケニル、およびアミド官能化アルキニル鎖からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載のポリマー。
- nは1~5の範囲であって、mは10~300の範囲である、請求項1に記載のポリマー。
- 前記ポリマーのMnは2,000~100,000ダルトンの範囲である、請求項1に記載のポリマー。
- 請求項1に記載のポリマーを合成する方法であって、方法は、
(a)ジケトピロロピロール(DPP)を含むアクセプター構成単位を調製する工程、
(b)アクセプター構成単位のピロール窒素を官能化する工程、
(c)工程(b)の生成物を臭素化試薬で処理し、臭素化生成物を得る工程、
(d)臭素化化合物とのスティルカップリング反応可能なドナー構成単位を調製する工程、および
(e)臭素化生成物およびドナー構成単位を、スティルカップリング反応を受けさせ、それによりポリマーを得る工程、を含む方法。 - 感知構成要素用の基板上に薄膜を調製する方法であって、方法は、
a)有機溶媒中の請求項1に記載のポリマーの溶液を基板上に印刷する工程、
b)印刷された溶液を乾燥させ、それによって基板上に乾燥した膜を形成する工程、
c)乾燥した膜を熱アニーリングする工程、および
d)基板上の乾燥した膜をドーパントの溶液に沈め、それによって基板上に積まれた薄膜を得る工程、を含む方法。 - 有機溶媒は、クロロホルム、クロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、トルエン、アニソール、またはケトンからなる群から選択され、ポリマーの溶液は、1~10mg/mLの濃度である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 印刷された溶液は100℃で乾燥される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- ポリマーから切断可能な側鎖R1を除去するため、および架橋構造を形成するために、乾燥させた膜を80℃~250℃で、10~60分間熱アニーリングし、それによって薄膜に不溶性、安定性、耐久と耐薬品にもたらせる、請求項6に記載の方法。
- R1は、アシル、カルボキシル、メチル、またはエチルである、請求項9に記載の方法。
- ドーパントは、フッ化水素酸、塩酸、臭化水素酸、ヨウ化水素酸、p-トルエンスルホン酸(pTSA)、酢酸、硝酸、硫酸、リン酸、テトラシアノキノジメタン (TCNQ)、7,7,8,8-テトラシアノ-2,3,5,6-テトラフルオロキノジメタン(F4TCNQ)、およびヨウ素からなる群から選択される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 基板上の乾燥した膜は、室温で、次に50℃~80℃の高温で、ドーパントの溶液に沈められる、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 薄膜は、10~100nmの厚さを有する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 請求項6に記載の方法によって調製された薄膜が積まれた基板上に2つ以上の電極を含む感知構成要素を含む、分子を検出するためのデバイス。
- a)防塵フィルター、
b)吸湿フィルター、
c)サンプル濃縮器、
d)気体流量計、および
e)液体流量計、の内の1つまたは複数をさらに含む、請求項14に記載のデバイス。 - 室温、室圧、および室内湿度下で動作することができ、必要とする動作電圧が低い、請求項14に記載のデバイス。
- 動作電圧は10mV~10Vである、請求項14に記載のデバイス。
- 感知構成要素のポリマーは、室温、室圧、および室内湿度下で少なくとも4ヶ月の貯蔵寿命を有する、請求項14に記載のデバイス。
- 約1000ppbの検出限界で分析物を検出することができる、請求項14に記載のデバイス。
- 請求項13のデバイスを使用して、気体または液体サンプル中の標的分子を検出する方法であって、方法は、
(a)サンプルをデバイスに導入し、電流または電圧スキャンを実行して、1つまたは複数の図表を取得する工程であって、前記図表は、電流対時間、および電圧対時間であり得る、工程、
(b)前記図表から信号特徴を抽出する工程であって、ここで前記特徴は、信号強度、経過時間、ピーク高さ、ピーク面積、ピーク半値幅、回復時間、およびピーク対称性からなる群から選択される、工程、
(c)前記特徴を2つ以上の次元を有する図表に投影する工程であって、各次元は1つの特徴に対応し、前記図表内の特定の化合物の位置は一意的である、工程、および
(d)標的分子がサンプルに存在するかどうかを判断する工程、
を含む、方法。 - 図表は2次元図表であって、1つの次元は経過時間を表し、もう1つの次元は信号強度を表す、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 標的分子は、揮発性有機化合物(VOC)であり、前記揮発性有機化合物は、メタノール、エタノール、プロパン-1-オール、イソプロパノール、アセトン、酢酸、クロロホルム、ヘキサン、酢酸エチル、トルエン、クロロベンゼン、ジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、1,2-ジオキサン、1,4-ジオキサン、ギ酸エチル、ブタノン、アセトニトリル、ベンゼン、および二硫化炭素からなる群から選択される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 分子は、ホルムアルデヒド、一酸化炭素、アンモニア、塩酸、塩素、硫黄酸化物、および硫酸からなる群から選択される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、サンプル中の標的分子の量または濃度をさらに計測する、請求項20に記載の方法。
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