JP2022533425A - 浄水用金属発泡体 - Google Patents
浄水用金属発泡体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2022533425A JP2022533425A JP2021569199A JP2021569199A JP2022533425A JP 2022533425 A JP2022533425 A JP 2022533425A JP 2021569199 A JP2021569199 A JP 2021569199A JP 2021569199 A JP2021569199 A JP 2021569199A JP 2022533425 A JP2022533425 A JP 2022533425A
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- filter
- foam
- water
- copper
- metal
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
- C02F1/505—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment by oligodynamic treatment
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- B01D39/06—Inorganic material, e.g. asbestos fibres, glass beads or fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2027—Metallic material
- B01D39/2031—Metallic material the material being particulate
- B01D39/2034—Metallic material the material being particulate sintered or bonded by inorganic agents
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- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2027—Metallic material
- B01D39/2051—Metallic foam
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
- C02F1/003—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using household-type filters for producing potable water, e.g. pitchers, bottles, faucet mounted devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0442—Antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2307/00—Location of water treatment or water treatment device
- C02F2307/04—Location of water treatment or water treatment device as part of a pitcher or jug
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2307/00—Location of water treatment or water treatment device
- C02F2307/06—Mounted on or being part of a faucet, shower handle or showerhead
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2307/00—Location of water treatment or water treatment device
- C02F2307/14—Treatment of water in water supply networks, e.g. to prevent bacterial growth
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
この特許出願は、2019年5月21日に出願された米国特許出願62/851,002の利益を主張しており、当該内容は、この出願に引用されている他のすべての参考文献とともに参照により組み込まれている。
ステージ108では、砂、藻類、またはその他のろ過材で構成される第2ステージのフィルターを使用して、バクテリアなどの小さな汚染物質を除去する。
1.汚染された水は最初に活性炭フィルターに入る。
2.微生物を殺すのに使用される周波数は、約254ナノメートルの波長である。
水の前処理のいくつかの前提条件は、1ネフェロメ濁度単位(nephelometric turbidity unit: NTU)未満の濁度まはたヘイズ(haze)、1リットルあたり約10ミリグラム未満の浮遊物質、色なし、1リットルあたり約0.3ミリグラム未満の全鉄、1リットルあたり約0.05ミリグラム未満のマンガン、ガロンあたり約7グレイン(grain)未満の硬度を含む。石英ガラススリーブは、華氏約104度の温度を維持するように設計されている。
1.インドでは、人口の6%しかきれいな水を利用できず、7,580万人が安全な飲料水を利用できない。
1.約14体積パーセントの酸化銅粉末と約2.5重量パーセントのポリビニルアルコール(polyvinyl alcohol: PVA)結合剤からなる銅粉末スラリーは、約30ミリリットルの脱イオン水と混合することによって作り出した。
3.次に、冷却した銅棒の上に置いたシリコーン型にスラリーを注いだ。銅棒の上部の温度は、液体窒素を使用して摂氏約-30度に固定し、コントローラーを使用してその温度に維持した。
接続1116は、上述の接続1105と同様であり、水フィルターから発泡金属フィルター材料に水を移動させる物理的接続または技術であり得る。発泡金属フィルターは、水ろ過の第2段階である。
Claims (20)
- ろ過中に、汚染された水滴に接触して汚染水中のバクテリアおよびウイルスを殺す細孔表面を有する発泡金属フィルター材料を備えた、装置。
- 前記発泡金属フィルター材料は、活性炭フィルター、逆浸透フィルター、または紫外線フィルターなどの従来のフィルターに取って代わるか、またはそれらと組み合わせて使用される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記発泡金属フィルター材料は、銅発泡体、銅スズ合金発泡体、銅亜鉛合金発泡体、銅ニッケル合金発泡体、銅シリコン合金発泡体、銅アルミニウム合金発泡体、銀発泡体、鉄発泡体、アルミニウム発泡体、またはチタン発泡体の少なくともいずれかを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記発泡金属フィルター材料は、銅発泡体であり、
前記銅発泡体は活性炭フィルターなどの従来のフィルターの前または後に配置されることにより、汚染水中のバクテリアおよびウイルスを前記銅発泡体により最初に除去し、その後、前記従来のフィルターを使用してさらに処理水を洗浄することができる、請求項2に記載の装置。 - 前記発泡金属フィルター材料は、略50%と略75%との間の多孔度を有し、かつ、約0.1ミクロンから約100ミクロンの範囲の細孔サイズを有する、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 多孔質の前記発泡金属フィルター材料を形成する製造プロセスは、凍結鋳造、スペースホルダー、または脱合金化のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 多孔質の前記発泡金属フィルター材料を形成する製造プロセスは、粉末スラリーの凍結または乾燥、および、還元または焼結プロセスを含む凍結鋳造方法を備え、
前記凍結鋳造方法において、水またはカンフェンベースの粉末スラリーは、摂氏約-10度と摂氏約-80度との間の比較的低温で凍結および乾燥されて、素体を形成し、その後比較的高温で還元または焼結されて3次元接続された固体多孔質構造が形成される、請求項1に記載の装置。 - 摂氏約200度と摂氏約350度との間の温度で、還元が生じる、請求項7に記載の装置。
- 摂氏約700度から摂氏約1100度の間の温度で、焼結が生じる、請求項7に記載の装置。
- 銅酸化物粉末が、結合剤と分散剤とを添加した後、約8体積%と約22体積%との間の体積分率で、水またはカンフェンに混合される、請求項7に記載の装置。
- チタン粉末が、結合剤と分散剤とを添加した後、約10体積%と約30体積%との間の体積分率で、水またはカンフェンに混合される、請求項7に記載の装置。
- 発泡金属フィルター材料は、細孔表面上に成長した二酸化チタンコーティングを有するチタン発泡体であり、
前記チタン発泡体は、可視光線、または紫外線との併用で、バクテリアおよびウイルスを殺す、請求項1に記載の装置。 - 水源入口を第1フィルターに結合させる工程と、
前記第1フィルターの出口を第2フィルターに結合させる工程と、
処理されるように、前記水源入口から前記第1フィルターに向けて、前記第1フィルターを通過させて、前記第2フィルターに向けて、前記第2フィルターを通過するように水を案内する工程と、
前記第2フィルターの出口に処理水を供給する工程とを備え、
前記第1フィルターまたは前記第2フィルターの少なくとも1つは、発泡金属材料を含む、方法。 - 前記発泡金属材料が、約50パーセントから約75パーセントの多孔度を有する銅発泡体を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記銅発泡体は、7mm以上の厚さを有する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記銅発泡体は、約40ミクロン未満の細孔サイズを有する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記銅発泡体は、約10ミクロン以下の支柱サイズを有する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 方法であって、
水源入口を第1フィルターに結合させる工程と、
前記第1フィルターの出口を第2フィルターに結合させる工程と、を備え、前記第1フィルターまたは前記第2フィルターの少なくとも1つは、金属発泡材料を含み、
前記金属発泡材料は、約50パーセントから約75パーセントの多孔度を含む銅発泡体を含み、
前記銅発泡体は、7mm以上の厚さを有し、
前記銅発泡体は、約10ミクロン以下の支柱サイズを有し、前記方法はさらに、
処理されるように、前記水源入口から前記第1フィルターに向けて、前記第1フィルターを通過させて、前記第2フィルターに向けて、前記第2フィルターを通過するように水を案内する工程と、
前記第2フィルターの出口に処理水を供給する工程と、を備える、方法。 - 前記第1フィルターが活性炭フィルターを含み、前記第2フィルターが前記銅発泡体を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記第1フィルターが逆浸透フィルターを含み、前記第2フィルターが前記銅発泡体を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
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