JP2022532341A - 高速および高アスペクト比レーザサブトラクティブ材料処理のための方法および装置 - Google Patents
高速および高アスペクト比レーザサブトラクティブ材料処理のための方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、その内容が参照することによって本明細書に組み込まれる2019年5月14日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/847,577号の優先権を主張する。
高エネルギー光源(例えば、レーザを含む)が、医療手技における組織アブレーションのための装置および方法で一般的に使用されている。そのようなシステムは、多くの場合、許容レベルの組織除去率、切断の精度、および非特異的残留損傷の最小化を提供しない。
(実施例)
(参考文献)
Claims (39)
- サブトラクティブ材料処理のための方法であって、前記方法は、
欠陥誘発ステップと、
気泡発生ステップと
を含み、
前記欠陥誘発ステップは、環境から材料上に放射線を向け、気泡発生部位と、前記環境と前記材料との間の界面との間に前記材料の中に低減した機械的弾性率を伴う空間的拘束領域を生成し、
前記気泡発生ステップは、前記環境から前記材料上にパルス放射線を向け、前記環境・材料界面の下方に表面下気泡を生成し、
気泡拡張に起因する材料破損が、生じ、前記材料破損は、前記欠陥誘発ステップによって生成された低減した機械的弾性率を伴う前記材料領域によって増進させられ、材料射出をもたらす、方法。 - 前記材料は、前記気泡発生ステップの前、中、および後に冷却される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記冷却は、対流冷却である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記冷却は、蒸発冷却である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記材料は、生物学的組織である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記生物学的組織は、構造的不均一性を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記構造的不均一性は、上皮組織層である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記気泡発生ステップは、プラズマを生成する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 超高速レーザによって放出される放射線は、材料の中に前記気泡を生成する、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記低減した機械的弾性率の領域は、円錐軸に沿って最小弾性率低減を伴って円錐形に成形される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記欠陥誘発ステップのための放射線は、前記気泡発生ステップのための放射線源から得られる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記欠陥誘発ステップのための放射線は、前記気泡発生ステップのための放射線源のためのポンプ放射線から得られる、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記欠陥誘発ステップのための放射線は、非線形変換プロセスを通して、前記気泡発生ステップのための放射線源から得られる、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記欠陥誘発ステップは、0.8~2.3μmの放射線を利用する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記気泡誘発ステップは、0.4~2.3μmの放射線を利用する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記欠陥誘発ステップは、イッテルビウム(Yt)ファイバレーザを利用する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記欠陥誘発ステップは、エルビウム(Er):ガラスレーザを利用する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記気泡発生ステップは、ツリウム(Tm)レーザを利用する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記気泡発生ステップは、ホルミウム(Ho):YAGレーザを利用する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 組織をアブレートする方法であって、前記方法は、
第1の波長における第1のエネルギーのパルスを組織の領域に向けることであって、蒸気泡が、前記第1のエネルギーのパルスが前記組織の領域に向けられた後、前記組織の領域の中に形成されている、ことと、
第2の波長における第2のエネルギーのパルスを前記組織の領域に向けることと
を含み、
前記第2のエネルギーのパルスは、組織の中の前記気泡が形成された後、前記組織の領域に向けられ、
前記第2のエネルギーのパルスは、前記蒸気泡を包囲する組織の機械的完全性を破壊する、方法。 - 前記第1の波長は、ツリウムレーザによって放出される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の波長は、エルビウムレーザによって放出される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の波長は、約2.94μmである、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の波長は、ホルミウムレーザによって放出される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の波長は、二酸化炭素レーザによって放出される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 光干渉断層撮影を介して前記気泡を視認することをさらに含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のエネルギーのパルスおよび前記第2のエネルギーのパルスを前記組織の領域に向けることは、フォトニック結晶ファイバを通して前記第1のエネルギーのパルスおよび前記第2のエネルギーのパルスを向けることを含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のエネルギーのパルスおよび前記第2のエネルギーのパルスを前記組織の領域に向けることは、二酸化ゲルマニウムファイバを通して前記第1のエネルギーのパルスおよび前記第2のエネルギーのパルスを向けることを含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 装置であって、前記装置は、
第1の波長における第1のエネルギーのパルスを組織の領域に向けるように構成された第1のレーザと、
第2の波長における第2のエネルギーのパルスを前記組織の領域に向けるように構成された第2のレーザと、
前記第1のレーザおよび前記第2のレーザの動作を制御するように構成された制御システムと
を備え、
前記制御システムは、蒸気泡が、前記第1のエネルギーのパルスが前記組織の領域に向けられた後、前記組織の領域の中に形成されるように、前記第1のエネルギーのパルスの持続時間を制御するように構成され、
前記制御システムは、遅延期間が前記第1のエネルギーのパルスと前記第2のエネルギーのパルスとの間に存在するように、前記第1のレーザおよび前記第2のレーザの動作を制御するように構成され、
前記制御システムは、前記第2のエネルギーのパルスが、前記蒸気泡の機械的完全性を破壊するように、前記第2のエネルギーのパルスの持続時間を制御するように構成されている、装置。 - 前記第1の波長は、ツリウムレーザによって放出される、請求項29に記載の装置。
- 前記第2の波長は、エルビウムレーザによって放出される、請求項29に記載の装置。
- 前記第2の波長は、約2.94μmである、請求項31に記載の装置。
- 前記第1の波長は、ホルミウムレーザによって放出される、請求項29に記載の装置。
- 前記第2の波長は、二酸化炭素レーザによって放出される、請求項29に記載の装置。
- 前記第1のエネルギーのパルスおよび前記第2のエネルギーのパルスを前記組織の領域に向けるように構成された導管をさらに備えている、請求項29に記載の装置。
- 前記導管は、フォトニック結晶ファイバを備えている、請求項35に記載の装置。
- 前記導管は、二酸化ゲルマニウムファイバを備えている、請求項35に記載の装置。
- 組織をアブレートする方法であって、前記方法は、
イッテルビウムレーザからエネルギーを向け、切除されるべき組織の領域内の血管の前凝固を提供することと、
前記組織を切除することに先立って、前記イッテルビウムレーザからエネルギーを向け、前記切除されるべき組織の領域の温度を上昇させることと、
ツリウムレーザからエネルギーを向け、前記切除されるべき組織の領域から組織を切除することと、
前記ツリウムレーザからエネルギーを向け、切除後凝固を提供することと
を含む、方法。 - 前記イッテルビウムレーザからエネルギーを向け、前記切除されるべき組織の領域内の血管の前凝固を提供することと、前記イッテルビウムレーザからエネルギーを向け、前記切除されるべき組織の領域の温度を上昇させることとの間の遅延期間をさらに備えている、請求項38に記載の方法。
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