JP2022531939A - がんを処置する方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本願は、35U.S.C.§119(e)の下で2019年5月10日出願の米国仮出願第62/846,064号の利益を主張するものであり、その内容は全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
別の態様では、本発明は、患者のがんを処置するための方法であって、患者に、治療有効量のBT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、およびチェックポイント阻害剤を投与するステップを含む、方法を提供する。
BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、およびチェックポイント阻害剤の組合せは、抗腫瘍活性に対して、それぞれの単剤処置と比較して驚くべき大きな改善を示したことが判明した。例えば、BT1718および抗PD-1抗体の組合せは、それぞれの単剤処置と比較して肺癌モデルの生存率を大きく改善する(例えば、実施例2を参照されたい)。さらに、BT1718および抗PD-1抗体の組合せは、乳腺がんモデルにおいて、単剤療法と比較して抗腫瘍活性の増大を示した(例えば、実施例3を参照されたい)。さらに、BT1718および抗CTLA-4抗体の組合せは、結腸癌モデルにおいて、完全退縮、生存増強および免疫記憶の、強力な抗腫瘍活性を示した(例えば、実施例4を参照されたい)。
BT1718(またはBT17BDC-18)は、以下に示される構造を有する。BT1718の調製は、2015年10月29日出願の国際公開第2016/067035号に詳説されており、その全体は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
一部の実施形態によれば、本発明は、BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、およびチェックポイント阻害剤を含む医薬組成物を提供する。一部の実施形態では、本発明は、BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、およびチェックポイント阻害剤を含む、がんの処置において使用するための医薬組成物を提供する。
4.がんを処置するための方法
一部の実施形態では、がんは、固形腫瘍である。一部の実施形態では、がんは、MT1-MMPと関連する。一部の実施形態では、がんは、高MT1-MMP発現性である。例えば、Adleyらは、MT1-MMPが、卵巣の明細胞癌において高発現レベルを有することを報告した(Adley et al. ”Expression of Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP-14) in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: High Level Expression in Clear Cell Carcinoma” Gynecol Oncol. 2009 February; 112(2): 319-324)。
BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩は、多回投薬量レジメンの一部として、チェックポイント阻害剤とは別個に投与することができる。あるいは、BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、およびチェックポイント阻害剤は、単一組成物で一緒に混合することができる。多回投薬量レジメンとして投与される場合、BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、およびチェックポイント阻害剤は、互いに同時に、逐次的に、またはある期間内に、例えば互いに1時間、2時間、3時間、4時間、5時間、6時間、7時間、8時間、9時間、10時間、11時間、12時間、13時間、14時間、15時間、16時間、17時間、18時間、18時間、20時間、21時間、22時間、23時間、または24時間以内に投与することができる。一部の実施形態では、BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、およびチェックポイント阻害剤は、多回投薬量レジメンとして、24時間を超える期間を隔てて投与される。
「チェックポイント阻害剤」という用語は、本明細書で使用される場合、がん細胞が患者の免疫系を回避するのを予防するのに有用な薬剤に関する。抗腫瘍免疫破壊の主な機序の1つは、「T細胞の疲弊」として公知であり、これは、阻害性受容体の上方調節をもたらす抗原への長期的な曝露から生じる。これらの阻害性受容体は、制御の効かない免疫反応を予防するために、免疫チェックポイントとして働く。
Therapeutics)が含まれる。
C57BL/6マウスの3LL同系モデルの処置における単独のまたは抗PD-1抗体と組み合わせたBT1718のin vivo効力試験
研究目的
研究の目的は、C57BL/6マウスの皮下3LL同系モデルの処置における単独のまたは抗PD-1抗体と組み合わせたBT1718のin vivo抗腫瘍効力を評価することであった。
実験設計
動物
種:Mus Musculus
動物は、恒温恒湿の換気ケージで飼育し、各ケージには3匹の動物を入れた。
生成物の特定:BT1718
細胞培養
3LL腫瘍細胞を、10%熱失活ウシ胎仔血清を補充した培地中、単層培養物として、空気中5%CO2の雰囲気中37℃においてin vitroで維持した。腫瘍細胞を、トリプシン-EDTA処理によって、慣用的に週2回継代培養した。指数増殖期で増殖する細胞を採取し、腫瘍接種のために計数する。
各マウスに、腫瘍発生のためにPBS0.1ml中3LL腫瘍細胞(1×106)を、右側腹部に皮下接種した。動物を無作為化し、平均腫瘍体積がおよそ105mm3に達したら、効力研究のために処置を開始した。各群の試験物投与および動物の数を、実験設計表(表1.1)に示した。
研究における動物の取扱い、ケアおよび処置に関するすべての手順を、Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care(AAALAC)の指針に従って実施した。日常的なモニタリングの時点で、動物を、例えば可動性、食物および水の消費量(目視のみによる)、体重増加/減少(体重は毎日測定した)、眼/毛髪の艶の消失(matting)などの正常な行動への腫瘍の増殖および処置の影響、ならびにプロトコールに記載されている他の異常な影響について毎日調べた。死亡および観察された臨床徴候は、各サブセット内の動物の数に基づいて記録した。
主要エンドポイントは、腫瘍成長が遅延し得るかどうか、またはマウスが治癒し得るかどうかについて見ることであった。腫瘍サイズを、ノギスを使用して週3回2つの寸法で測定し、体積を、式:V=0.5a×b2(ここで、aおよびbは、それぞれ腫瘍の長径および短径である)を使用してmm3で表した。次に、腫瘍サイズをT/C値の計算のために使用した。T/C値(パーセント)は、抗腫瘍有効性の指標であり、TおよびCは、それぞれ所与の日の処置群および対照群の平均体積である。
平均および平均の標準誤差(SEM)を含めた要約統計量を、各時点の各群の腫瘍体積について提供する。
体重曲線は、図1に図示されている。
3LL同系モデルにおけるBT1718および抗PD-1抗体についての腫瘍成長阻害率を、処置開始後14日目に腫瘍体積測定値に基づいて計算した。
b. 腫瘍成長阻害は、処置群についての群平均腫瘍体積を対照群についての群平均腫瘍体積によって割ることによって計算する(T/C)。
この研究では、C57BL/6マウスの3LL同系モデルにおける単独のまたは抗PD-1抗体と組み合わせたBT1718のin vivo抗腫瘍効力を評価した。測定した体重は、図1に示される。様々な時点におけるすべての処置群の腫瘍体積は、表1.2および1.3、ならびに図2に示される。
3LL(LLC)同系モデルの処置における試験物のin vivo効力研究
研究目的
このプロジェクトの目的は、C57BL/6Jマウスの3LL(LLC)同系モデルの処置における試験物のin vivo治療効力を評価することである。
細胞培養:3LL腫瘍細胞を、10%熱失活ウシ胎仔血清を補充した培地中、空気中5%CO2の雰囲気中37℃で維持する。腫瘍細胞を、慣用的に週2回継代培養する。指数増殖期で増殖する細胞を採取し、腫瘍接種のために計数する。
・IV/IP注射:各マウスの注射体積は、10ml/kgである。
・観察の延長:群2、3、4については28日間の処置後に2週間の延長
・スケジュール変更:群2、3には、ビヒクル群のTVが2000mm3に達したら(最初の投薬の約2週間後)、抗PD-1またはBT1718を加える
温度20~26℃
湿度40~70%
光サイクル12時間の明および12時間の暗
・潰瘍化腫瘍を有する動物を、1週間当たり少なくとも3回モニタリングし、臨床徴候に応じて1日1回まで頻度を増大する。
・痂皮を有していない潰瘍化腫瘍は、適切な創傷クレンジング溶液(例えば、Novalsan)で清浄にするべきである。獣医によって指示された場合のみ、潰瘍化/病変に抗生物質クリームが塗布されることになる。
・1週間以内に治癒せず、痂皮も形成しない場合、
・直径5mmを超える場合、
・空洞化した場合、
・感染の徴候(例えば膿汁の存在)もしくは出血を示すか、または動物が、不快感の徴候(例えば、部位を過度になめるおよび噛む)もしくは疾病の全身徴候(嗜眠、活動低下、食餌消費量減少、身体状態低下または体重減少)を示す場合が含まれる。任意の例外の可能性の存在について論じるために、獣医に連絡を取る。
・身を縮める。
・持続的臥床、および取扱いまたは他の刺激に対する応答欠如。
・重症臓器または系不全の徴候。
・るいそう。
・低体温。
・CNS欠損:痙れん。
・呼吸器:急速な呼吸数、努力性呼吸、咳嗽、ラ音。
・GI:>2日持続する下痢、黄疸。
注記:
・効力または耐用性/MTD研究について、登録動物の重症の臨床的観察およびBWL(体重減少)を、データ更新ファイルに記録し、それを、PIを研究するために1週間当たり3回送り、最初の測定から10%、15%および20%を超えるBWLを、異なる色で標識する。
・ゲル食は、10%を超えるBWLを有する任意の動物を飼育するケージに提供されるべきである。
雌C57BL/6マウスにおいて確立された同所E0771マウス乳癌に対する、単独のおよび抗mPD-1と組み合わせたBT17BDC-18の効力評価
この研究の目的は、雌C57BL/6マウスにおいて確立された同所E0771マウス乳癌に対する、単独のおよび抗mPD-1と組み合わせたBT17BDC-18の抗がん活性を評価することであった。
BT17BDC-18:物理的説明:無色透明溶液、濃度:0.96mg/ml、保存条件:-80℃
注記:
・群2および6に、6.2mg/kgで投薬した。
・群3および7に、4.8mg/kgで投薬した。
・6.2mg/kgの投薬量レベルのBT17BDC-18を調製するために、0.96mg/mlのストック溶液を、ビヒクル2.125mlを0.96mg/mlのストック溶液3.875mlに添加することによって希釈し、0.62mg/mlの溶液を達成した。
・4.8mg/kgの投薬量レベルのBT17BDC-18を調製するために、0.96mg/mlのストック溶液をビヒクルで1:1希釈して、0.48mg/mlの溶液を達成した。
この実験で行ったすべての手順は、国立衛生研究所(NIH)の適用法、規制および指針、ならびにMI Bioresearchの動物実験委員会の承認に従って実施した。MI Bioresearchは、AAALAC認定施設である。
すべてのマウスを、腫瘍負荷のノギスによる推定に基づいて、研究群に分類した。すべての群の平均腫瘍負荷が、研究集団についての全体的な平均腫瘍負荷の10%以内になるように、マウスを分配した。
腫瘍成長/全般的観察/対照
0日目-腫瘍を移植する日(常に0日目と比べて示される処置の初日と混同されるべきではない)。
○ 群平均体重が(処置初日から最終処置後2週間までのいずれかの時点で)2%以上減少した場合、処置中に体重が最終的に回復して正味の体重増加になったとしても、最大の体重減少が報告される。リバウンドして正味の増加となる特別な場合では、その回復は結果の項に完全に記載されている。
○ 群の平均体重がいずれの時点でも2%を超えて減少しない場合、体重の変化は、処置初日の体重と処置終了後2週間の日付との差として報告される。
○ 処置期間は群によって変動し得るため、(特に)体重増加を直接比較することは、そのことを説明する必要があることに留意する。
○ 一般に腫瘍の進行によって体重減少が誘発されるモデルで体重の減少が起こる場合は、複数の要因が体重の変化に影響を及ぼしている。試験薬が体重減少に寄与したかを評価するために、正味の処置に関連する体重減少を用いてよい。これは、試験で観察された有効性の程度に応じて、2つの異なる方法で行われる。
・ 有効性が明らかでない場合、正味の体重減少は、この試験の毎日の処置群の平均体重減少から対照群の平均体重減少を差し引くことによって計算される。
・ 有効性が観察された場合、対照群と処置群の間で腫瘍量が大きく異なることがあり得る。このような場合には、正味の体重減少は、腫瘍量で正規化することによって計算される。これは、対照群の利用可能なすべての体重データを用いて、対照群の平均腫瘍量と対照群の平均体重減少のプロットを構築することによって行う。(通常、腫瘍量と体重減少の対数/線形プロットを使用することが最も簡単である。)任意の試験日の処置群の正味の体重減少は、対照群の参照プロットで処置群の平均腫瘍量を調べ、腫瘍量に起因する暗黙の/予測される体重減少を読み取ることによって推定される。次に、この値を処置群の平均体重減少から差し引いて、その日の処置群の正味の体重減少を計算する。次に、計算された正味の体重減少を使用して、薬剤に対する耐性を推定する。
効力
・ΔCおよびΔT-以下の通りマウスごとに計算される個々のマウスエンドポイントである。
ΔT=Tt-T0およびΔC=Ct-C0
式中、TtおよびT0は、それぞれ時間tまたは投薬開始時の処置マウスの腫瘍負荷である。ΔCは、対照マウスについての同様の計算を反映する。
・ΔT/ΔC中央値-群エンドポイントである。以下の通り、処置日ごとに計算される。
・退縮%-群エンドポイントである。ベースラインからの腫瘍体積中央値の低減パーセンテージを示す。これは以下の通り計算される。
Td=log2/勾配
抗PD-1抗体を伴うBT1718は、単剤療法と比較して抗腫瘍活性を増大する。処置後の腫瘍体積のトレースは、図4に示される。
BALB/cマウスのCT-26同系モデルの処置におけるBT1718および抗CTLA4のin vivo効力研究
研究目的
研究の目的は、BALB/cマウスのCT-26同系モデルにおけるBT1718および抗CTLA4のin vivo抗腫瘍効力を評価することである。
実験設計
動物および飼育条件
効力部分のための動物
種:Mus Musculus
群5
マウスを、個々の換気ケージに各ケージ動物5匹を入れて、一定の温度および湿度で維持した。
生成物の特定:BT1718
細胞培養
CT-26細胞を、10%熱失活ウシ胎仔血清を補充した培地中、空気中5%CO2の雰囲気中37℃で維持した。腫瘍細胞を、慣用的に週2回継代培養した。指数増殖期で増殖する細胞を採取し、腫瘍接種のために計数した。
各マウスに、腫瘍発生のためにPBS0.1mL中CT-26腫瘍細胞(3.0×105)を右側腹部に皮下接種した。平均腫瘍体積が66mm3に達したら、動物を無作為化した。各群の試験物投与および動物の数を、実験設計表に示した。
研究における動物の取扱い、ケアおよび処置に関するすべての手順を、Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC)によって承認されている指針に従って、Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care(AAALAC)の指針に従って実施した。慣用的なモニタリング時に、動物を、プロトコールに記述されている通り、正常な行動に対する腫瘍成長および処置の任意の効果、例えば運動性、食餌および水の消費(単に見ることによって)、体重増加/減少、目/毛髪の艶の消失、ならびに任意の他の異常効果について毎日チェックした。死亡および観察された臨床徴候を、各サブセット内の動物の数に基づいて記録した。
主要エンドポイントは、腫瘍成長が遅延し得るかどうか、またはマウスが治癒し得るかどうかについて見ることであった。腫瘍体積を、ノギスを使用して週3回2つの寸法で測定し、体積を、式:V=0.5a×b2(ここで、aおよびbは、それぞれ腫瘍の長径および短径である)を使用してmm3で表した。次に、腫瘍サイズをT/C値の計算のために使用した。T/C値(パーセント)は、抗腫瘍有効性の指標であり、TおよびCは、それぞれ所与の日の処置群および対照群の平均体積である。
平均および平均の標準誤差(SEM)を含めた要約統計量を、各時点の各群の腫瘍体積について提供した。
BT1718/抗PD-1転写研究
研究目的
研究の目的は、BT1718および抗PD-1の組合せ効果のin vivoでの機序を研究することである。同系LLC腫瘍モデルにおけるBT1718、抗PD1およびそれらの組合せに応答する分子変化を探索するために、一組のデータを作製した。BT1718を抗PD1と組み合わせることによって誘発された抗腫瘍免疫の増強を示す転写変化を観察した。転写変化は、I型IFN応答、がん細胞抗原の放出、がん抗原提示、ならびにT細胞のプライミングおよび活性化、ならびに腫瘍への免疫細胞浸潤を示した。
Claims (22)
- 患者のがんを処置する方法であって、前記患者に、治療有効量のBT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、およびチェックポイント阻害剤を投与するステップを含む、方法。
- 前記がんが、肺がんである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩を、9mg/m2の用量で投与するステップを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩を、30mg/m2の用量で投与するステップを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩を、週2回の頻度で投与するステップを含む、請求項2~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩を、14.4mg/m2の用量で投与するステップを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩を、週1回の頻度で投与するステップを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記チェックポイント阻害剤が、抗PD1抗体である、請求項2~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記がんが、乳がんである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩を、14.4mg/m2の用量で投与するステップを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩を、18.6mg/m2の用量で投与するステップを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩を、週1回の頻度で投与するステップを含む、請求項9~11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記チェックポイント阻害剤が、抗PD1抗体である、請求項9~12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記がんが、結腸がんである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩を、19.2mg/m2の用量で投与するステップを含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩を、週1回の頻度で投与するステップを含む、請求項14または15に記載の方法。
- 前記チェックポイント阻害剤が、抗CTLA4抗体である、請求項14~16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、およびチェックポイント阻害剤を静脈内注入によって投与するステップを含む、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- がんを処置するための医薬の製造における、BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩の使用であって、前記医薬が、チェックポイント阻害剤と組み合わせて使用される、使用。
- 前記医薬が、ヒスチジンをさらに含む、請求項19に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬が、スクロースをさらに含む、請求項19に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬が、BT1718、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、ヒスチジン、スクロース、および水を含む約pH7の製剤である、請求項19に記載の使用。
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