JP2022525534A - メソ多孔性触媒化合物及びその使用 - Google Patents
メソ多孔性触媒化合物及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022525534A JP2022525534A JP2021556421A JP2021556421A JP2022525534A JP 2022525534 A JP2022525534 A JP 2022525534A JP 2021556421 A JP2021556421 A JP 2021556421A JP 2021556421 A JP2021556421 A JP 2021556421A JP 2022525534 A JP2022525534 A JP 2022525534A
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- Prior art keywords
- zeolite
- catalyst
- mcm
- catalyst composition
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 175
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 202
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910021482 group 13 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 110
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 78
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 86
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 62
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 57
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 35
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 35
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 18
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical group [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 10
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 9
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 8
- BGQMOFGZRJUORO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC BGQMOFGZRJUORO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- FXKZPKBFTQUJBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid;sodium;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na].[Na].OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O FXKZPKBFTQUJBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 5
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 4
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YVFORYDECCQDAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium;trinitrate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ga+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YVFORYDECCQDAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101150041213 FES1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101001042435 Lachesis stenophrys C-type lectin LmsL Proteins 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
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- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000006527 (C1-C5) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UWKHRAOGECLHFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diethyl-4-phenylpiperazin-1-ium Chemical compound C1C[N+](CC)(CC)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 UWKHRAOGECLHFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- COGVKUASZSWOLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-ol Chemical compound C1CC2CC[N+]1(C)CC2O COGVKUASZSWOLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UIIVTVIBLDAIEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-cyclopentyl-1-ethyl-1-methylpiperazin-1-ium Chemical compound C1C[N+](CC)(C)CCN1C1CCCC1 UIIVTVIBLDAIEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWORVTSPNLVHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-4-methylmorpholin-4-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]1(C)CCOCC1 NWORVTSPNLVHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMPQITXSSWLMDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-4-methylpiperidine Chemical compound CCC1(C)CCNCC1 FMPQITXSSWLMDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VIQJOQSPQCTURP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-4-propylpiperidine Chemical compound CCCC1(CC)CCNCC1 VIQJOQSPQCTURP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOOLTHQOEOLAAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-4-propylpiperidine Chemical compound CCCC1(C)CCNCC1 AOOLTHQOEOLAAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
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Abstract
Description
少なくとも1つの実施形態において、触媒組成物は、1つ又は複数のゼオライトを含む触媒を含有する。本開示のプロセスの間、ゼオライトはクラッキング活性をもたらし得る。本開示のために、ゼオライト成分は大細孔ゼオライト(最大域が12員環開口部を有する)、中細孔ゼオライト(最大域が10員環開口部を有する)、又は小細孔ゼオライト(最大域が8員環開口部を有する)、及び/又はそれらの混合物であり得、それは多孔性、結晶性アルミノケイ酸塩構造を含有し得る。
少なくとも1つの実施形態において、触媒組成物は、H-ゼオライトとも称される、酸性形態での1つ又は複数のゼオライトを含有する触媒を含有する。H-ゼオライトは、使用中にクラッキング活性をもたらすことができる。このような態様において、少なくとも1つのH-ゼオライトは、MSE骨格ゼオライト(例えば、H-MCM-68、UZM-35、H-YNU-2)、H-MFI骨格ゼオライト(例えば、H-ZSM-5、H-FeS-1、H-MnS-1、H-[As-Si-O]-MFI、H-エンシライト(Encilite)、H-AZ-1、H-[Ga-Si-O]-MFI)、TON構造型(例えばZSM-22、NU-10、THETA-1、KZ-2)、MTT構造型(例えばZSM-23)、MRE構造型(例えばZSM-48)又はそれらの組合せに相当し得る。
少なくとも1つの実施形態において、触媒組成物は、クラッキング活性をもたらす、H-メソ-ゼオライトとも称される酸性及びメソ多孔性形態の1つ又は複数のH-メソ-ゼオライトを含む触媒を含有する。このような態様において、少なくとも1つのH-メソ-ゼオライトは、H-メソ-MSE骨格ゼオライト(例えば、H-メソ-MCM-68、H-メソ-YNU-2)、H-メソ-MFI骨格ゼオライト(例えば、H-メソ-ZSM、H-メソ-FeS-1、H-メソ-MnS-1、H-メソ-[As-Si-O]-MFI、H-メソ-エンシライト(Encilite)、H-メソ-AZ-1、H-メソ-[Ga-Si-O]-MFI)、又はそれらの組合せに相当し得る。
13族-ゼオライト
本開示のゼオライトの酸性形態は、1つ又は複数の遷移金属をその中に担持させることができる。少なくとも1つの実施形態において、例えばH-MSE及び/又はH-MFI骨格ゼオライトなどの1つ又は複数のH-ゼオライトは、例えばGa又はInの形態の、1つ又は複数の13族遷移金属などの遷移金属、又はそれらの組合せをさらに含有することができる。13族金属には、例えばAl、Ga、In、Tlが含まれ得る。遷移金属を注入及び/又はイオン交換などの任意の適した方法によってH-ゼオライト上に/内に組み込むことができ、例えばその中に担持させることができる。
また、本開示のゼオライト触媒のメソ形は、その上に担持される(例えば、メソゼオライト内に担持される)遷移金属を含有し得る。少なくとも1つの実施形態において、例えばH-メソ-MSE骨格ゼオライト(例えば、H-メソ-MCM-68、H-メソ-UZM-35、H-メソ-YNU-2)、H-メソ-MFI骨格ゼオライト(例えば、H-メソ-ZSM、H-メソ-FeS-1、H-メソ-MnS-1、H-メソ-[As-Si-O]-MFI、H-メソ-エンシライト(Encilite)、H-メソ-AZ-1、H-メソ-[Ga-Si-O]-MFI)などの1つ又は複数のH-メソ-ゼオライト、又はそれらの組合せは、例えばGa又はInの形態の、1つ又は複数の13族遷移金属などの遷移金属、又はそれらの組合せをさらに含有することができる。遷移金属を注入及び/又はイオン交換などの任意の適した方法によってH-メソ-ゼオライト内に組み込むことができる。
また、本開示による触媒組成物は任意選択により、ゼオライト成分の他にバインダーなどの支持材料を含有する。バインダー成分は、ゼオライトが埋め込まれる母材の形態で触媒中に存在している。酸化アルミニウム、酸化マグネシウム、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化ニオブ、酸化ジルコニウム又は酸化ケイ素などの無機酸化物、並びにそれらの混合物、特に上記の酸化物と酸化アルミニウムとの混合物、並びに非晶質アルミノケイ酸塩の他、例えばアルミニウムリン酸塩などの非酸化物バインダーをバインダーとして使用することができる。酸化アルミニウムが使用されるのが好ましい。例えばリン改質酸化アルミニウムなどの改質酸化アルミニウムを同様に使用することができる。アルミニウムトリアルキレン又はアルミニウムアルコラートの加水分解によって得られ得るか又は解膠性水和酸化アルミニウムの形態で使用される、微粉酸化アルミニウムバインダーの使用が特に好ましい。解膠性水和酸化アルミニウムがバインダーとして使用されるのが特に非常に好ましい。さらに好ましくは、(平均直径に対して)解膠性水和酸化アルミニウムの粒子の少なくとも95%が≦100μmである。
本開示は、C3~C7炭化水素供給原料とメソ多孔性ゼオライト系触媒組成物とが脱水素化分解条件下で接触されるプロセスに関する。供給原料をそのまま導入することができ、又は不活性ガス(例えば、N2)中で稀釈することができる。原料の稀釈は炭化水素分圧を低下させ得、それは変換の低下をもたらすが、それにもかかわらず、稀釈を必要としないプロセスと比較したとき、より高い生成物選択率を提供する。
H-MCM-68の調製(実施例1)
MCM-68は、米国特許出願公開第2014/0140921号明細書(2013年10月15日に出願された米国特許出願第14/054,038号明細書)(その内容は参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる)に記載された方法に従って合成された。ゼオライトの酸形態を調製するため、MCM-68ゼオライトを400℃で窒素流下にて30分間予備焼成し、温度を600℃に上昇させながらパージガスを窒素から空気に切り換え、空気流下にて2時間600℃の温度に維持した。次に、予備焼成された材料を98℃のNH4NO3と3回交換した。各々の交換の間に及び3回の交換の終了時に、MCM-68ゼオライトを水で徹底的に洗浄し、次いで120℃で乾燥させた。最初にMCM-68ゼオライトを交換した後、アンモニウム型を500℃で空気中で2時間焼成し、次にその後6時間の間538℃でスチーミング処理した。スチーミング処理されたMCM-68ゼオライトをその後、予備焼成された粉末に関して前述したようにもう3回交換した。最後に、アンモニウム交換された材料を500℃で空気中で2時間焼成してゼオライトの酸形態、H-MCM-68を生じた。H-MCM-68のSi/Alモル比は、ICPによって測定されるとき約12.1であった。
5グラムのH-MCM-68に4gの脱イオン水中の0.31gの硝酸ガリウム(III)水和物(99.9%)の溶液を注入した。後で触媒を4時間の間周囲条件で、次いで16時間の間121℃で乾燥させた。次に、触媒を538℃の空気(5L/分の流量)中で、2.5時間の加熱傾斜で3時間の間焼成した。最終触媒の蛍光X線分析は、触媒上に担持されるGaが0.9wt%であると判明した。メソ-MCM-68のSi/Alモル比は、蛍光X線によって測定されるとき、15.6であった。
a)脱ケイ酸:方法(NaOHを使用):10gのH-MCM-68を290gの0.2M NaOH溶液中で65℃で30分間の間加熱した。溶液を氷冷脱イオン水で急冷し、濾過し、脱イオン水で3回洗浄した。生成物を一晩120℃で乾燥させた。
(上に記載されたように、TPABrを使用しない)脱ケイ酸方法を使用して予め調製されたH-メソ-MCM-68触媒2.5gに3.2gの脱イオン水中の0.076gのGa(NO3)3の溶液を注入した。次に、Ga-メソ-MCM-68触媒を4時間の間周囲温度で、次いで6時間の間120℃で空気流下にて乾燥させ、最後に538℃で3時間の間焼成した。蛍光X線分析は、触媒上に担持されるGaが0.51wt%であると判明した。Ga-メソ-MCM-68のSi/Alモル比は、蛍光X線によって測定されるとき12.3であった。
ノルマルヘキサン、n-ヘキサンをパラフィン系ナフサ供給原料の代表例であるモデル反応体として反応試験のために使用した。
α=A*ln(1-X)/τ (A)
(式中:
αは相対一次速度定数であり、
Aは参照速度定数を含み、単位変換=-1.043であり、
Xは分数変換であり、
τは滞留時間=wt/(ρ*F)であり、
ρはg/cm3単位の充填密度であり、
Fはcm3/分単位のガス流量であり、
wtはg単位の触媒重量である)
を使用して決定された。
で与えられる指数関数によってフィットされた。
N2等温線は、Gaの注入前に、H-MCM-68試料について、並びに上に記載のメソ多孔性H-MCM-68中間物について測定された。細孔径分布は、Micromeritics TriStar II 3020計測器において使用される手順に従うバレット-ジョイナー-ハレンダ(Barrett-Joyner-Halenda)(BJH)方法、並びにHalsey Faas補正を使用して等温線の吸着枝及び脱着枝(the adsorption and desorption branch)から計算された。
図2は、H-MCM-68及びH-メソ-MCM-68について等温線の脱着枝から決定されるBJH細孔径分布曲線を示す。細孔径分布は、BJH方法、並びにHalsey Faas補正を用いて等温線の脱着枝から計算された。ヒステリシスループの形成はメソ細孔の存在の指標であり、それは、例えば、H-ゼオライトの脱ケイ酸によって生成された。H-メソ-ゼオライトの細孔径分布は、中間細孔体積の大きな増大を示した。
図3に示されるように、C1~C5炭素数生成物の範囲で、パラフィン及びオレフィンの生成物選択性は、6回の反応器運転について平均された。結果は、n-ヘキサンの、約5%~15%変換率のC1~C4変換生成物への変換率を示した。主反応生成物として11%の変換率で約40モル%の平均選択率でプロピレンが得られた。
表1は、各々の反応器に導入されるH-MCM-68触媒(実施例1)の異なった量を示し、合計6つの反応器がクラッキング装置内に並列に設定されている。可変WHSVで測定される運転経過時間の関数としてH-MCM-68の触媒活性を表す、図5に示されるように、H-MCM-68の触媒活性は運転経過時間とともに中程度に低下した。平均コークス失活速度定数は式(B)に従って決定され、0.08であると評価された(標準偏差STDEV=0.07)。図5において得られた結果は、18分の実行時間後に決定された平均アルファ値が805であることを示した(STDEV=69)。
図6は、Ga-MCM-68についてのn-ヘキサン分解反応におけるC1~C5炭素数生成物リストのパラフィン及びオレフィンの生成物選択性を示す(実施例2)。選択性は4つの反応器運転について平均され、変換は約5%~約25%の範囲であった。これらの反応器運転の平均変換率は14%であった。図6に示されるように、プロピレン選択率は、H-MCM-68のGa促進の効果のために40%から50%に増加した。
表2は、各々の反応器に導入されるGa-MCM-68触媒(実施例2)の異なった量を示し、合計4つの反応器がアルファクラッキング装置内に並列に設定されている。図8は、可変WHSVで測定されるGa-MCM-68触媒(実施例2A、2B、2C、及び2D)について運転経過時間の関数としてGa-MCM-68(実施例2)の触媒活性を示す。触媒活性は、運転経過時間とともに未改質参照触媒H-MCM-68(実施例1)と比較したときにGa-MCM-68(実施例2)よりも大きく低下した。平均コークス失活速度定数は、0.32(STDEV=0.06)であると決定された。18分の実行時間後に決定された平均アルファ値は1190(STDEV=83)であった。経時的にn-ヘキサン脱水素化分解活性の低下が大きくなることと軌を一にして、Ga-MCM-68触媒の初期活性がより高くなる。さらに、Ga-MCM-68(実施例2)は、H-MCM-68(実施例1)よりも高いアルファを有する。
図9は、Ga-メソ-MCM-68(実施例4)についてのn-ヘキサン分解反応におけるC1~C5炭素数生成物リストのパラフィン及びオレフィンの生成物選択性を示す。表3は、各々の反応器に導入されるGa-メソ-MCM-68触媒(実施例4)の異なった量を示し、合計6つの反応器がアルファクラッキング装置内に並列に設定されている。選択性は6つの反応器運転について平均され、変換は約5%~約15%の範囲であり、平均変換率は10%である。生成物分布はGa-MCM-68の生成物分布に非常に似ており、プロピレンが主反応生成物である(約50%の選択率)。有利にも、たった5モル%のメタンがプロセスの間に製造された。
図11は、可変WHSVで測定されるGa-メソ-MCM-68触媒について運転経過時間の関数として触媒活性(アルファ)を示す。触媒Ga-メソ-MCM-68(実施例4)の活性は、Ga-MCM-68(実施例2)と比較して運転経過時間とともに安定していた。平均コークス失活速度定数は、0.08(STDEV=0.07)であると決定された。18分の実行時間後に決定された平均アルファ値は659(STDEV=17)であった。
Claims (30)
- MFI、MSE、MTW、TON、FER、AFI、AFS、ATO、BEA、BEC、BOG、BPH、CAN、CON、EMT、EON、EZT、FAU、GME、GON、IFR、ISV、ITN、IWR、IWW、LTL、MAZ、MEI、MOR、MOZ、OFF、OKO、OSI、SAF、SAO、SEW、SFE、SFO、SSF、SSY、及びUSI、又はそれらの組合せから選択される構造型を有するゼオライトであって、約5~約40のケイ素対アルミニウムのモル比(Si/Al比)を有するゼオライトを含む、触媒化合物。
- 前記ゼオライトがメソ多孔性MCM-68である、請求項1に記載の触媒化合物。
- 前記ゼオライトが少なくとも8員環の環サイズを有する、請求項1又は2に記載の触媒化合物。
- 前記ゼオライトが複数の12員環を有する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の触媒化合物。
- 前記ゼオライトが以下の特性:400m2/g~600m2/gの全表面積、0.1mL/g以上の全中間細孔体積、又は約0.2mL/g~約0.6mL/gの全細孔体積のうちの少なくとも1つを有する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の触媒化合物。
- 前記ゼオライトが、75トール、及び90℃で、触媒の全重量に基づいて約5wt%~約15wt%のヘキサン収着能を有する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の触媒化合物。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の触媒化合物と1つ又は複数の13族金属とを含む、触媒組成物。
- 13族金属がGa、In、Tl、又はそれらの混合物である、請求項7に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記13族金属が前記ゼオライト上に担持される、請求項7~8のいずれか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記13族金属が前記ゼオライト内に担持される、請求項7~8のいずれか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- ゼオライト含有量が前記触媒組成物の重量の約20wt%~約99.99wt%である、請求項7~10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 13族金属含有量が前記触媒組成物の重量の約0.01wt%~約20wt%である、請求項7~10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記ゼオライトが約8以上のSi/Alモル比を有する、請求項7~12のいずれか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記触媒組成物が、75トールの圧力、及び90℃の温度で、約40mg/g~約150mg/gのヘキサン収着能を有する、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の触媒化合物。
- 約5~約40のケイ素対アルミニウムのモル比(Si/Al比)と、
少なくとも8員環又は12員環の環サイズと、
400m2/g~600m2/gの全表面積と、
0.1mL/g以上の全中間細孔体積とを有するゼオライトを含む、触媒化合物。 - 前記ゼオライトが構造型MSEを有する、請求項15に記載の触媒化合物。
- 前記ゼオライトが、75トール、及び90℃で、触媒の全重量に基づいて約5wt%~約15wt%のヘキサン収着能を有する、請求項15~16のいずれか一項に記載の触媒化合物。
- 請求項15~17のいずれか一項に記載の触媒化合物と1つ又は複数の13族金属とを含む、触媒組成物。
- 13族金属がGa、In、Tl、又はそれらの混合物である、請求項18に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記13族金属が前記ゼオライト上に担持される、請求項18~19のいずれか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記13族金属が前記ゼオライト内に担持される、請求項18~19のいずれか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- ゼオライト含有量が前記触媒組成物の重量の約20wt%~約99.99wt%である、請求項18~21のいずれか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 13族金属含有量が前記触媒組成物の重量の約0.01wt%~約20wt%である、請求項18~21のいずれか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記ゼオライトが約8以上のSi/Alモル比を有する、請求項18~23のいずれか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記触媒組成物が、75トールの圧力、及び90℃の温度で、約40mg/g~約150mg/gのヘキサン収着能を有する、請求項15~24のいずれか一項に記載の触媒化合物。
- バインダーをさらに含む、請求項15~25のいずれか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 大気圧の反応器圧力及び400℃~600℃の反応器温度、並びに約50h-1~約800h-1の毎時重量空間速度(WHSV)で栓流反応器内でC3~C7炭化水素供給原料を請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の1つ又は複数の触媒組成物と接触させることによって前記C3~C7炭化水素供給原料を脱水素化分解して、C2~C4オレフィンを形成する工程を含む、C2~C4オレフィンを製造するためのプロセス。
- 平均コークス失活速度定数が0~約0.2である、請求項27に記載のプロセス。
- 生成物中のオレフィン:パラフィンの平均モル比が約10:1~約0.5である、請求項27に記載のプロセス。
- 生成物中のプロピレン:エチレンの平均モル比が2以上である、請求項29に記載のプロセス。
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