JP2022523560A - 実行機能の向上に用いるためのヒトミルクオリゴ糖 - Google Patents
実行機能の向上に用いるためのヒトミルクオリゴ糖 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
・計画の実行、タスクの完了に必要な特定のステップ、および目標の達成を可能にする、ワーキングメモリを制御するタスク指向回路
・タスクの完成する順序を整理し、時系列を処理することを可能にする、タイミング指向回路
・感情および気分を制御する、感情指向回路
・感情および経験の自己意識を制御する、意識指向回路。
a)非乳児における実行機能の向上、
b)非乳児における非最適実行機能のリスクの予防および/または軽減、
c)非乳児における非最適実行機能の管理、および/または
d)非乳児における脳の前頭前皮質領域の成熟のための、ミエリン形成の向上
に用いる、ヒトミルクオリゴ糖(HMO)またはHMOを含む合成組成物に関する。
a)非乳児における実行機能の向上、
b)非乳児における非最適実行機能のリスクの予防および/または軽減、
c)非乳児における非最適実行機能の管理、および/または
d)非乳児の脳の前頭前皮質領域の成熟のための、ミエリン形成の向上
に用いるためのパックであって、有効量の少なくとも1つのヒトミルクオリゴ糖(HMO)の少なくとも14個の個別の1日用量を含む、パックに関する。
-2’-FL、DFL、LNT、およびLNnT、
-3’-シアリルラクトース(3’-SL)および6’-シアリルラクトース(6’-SL)、または
-2’-FL、DFL、LNT、LNnT、3’-シアリルラクトース(3’-SL)、および6’-シアリルラクトース(6’-SL)。
驚くべきことに、非乳児のヒトに1つ以上のヒトミルクオリゴ糖(HMO)を経口または経腸投与することによって、a)非乳児において実行機能が向上し、b)非乳児において非最適実行機能のリスクを防止および/または軽減し、c)非乳児において非最適実行機能を管理し、および/またはd)非乳児の脳の前頭前皮質の成熟のために、ミエリン形成を向上させることを発見した。
-出生時の体重が1800~2500gの子ども(通常、「低出生体重」またはLBWと呼ばれる)、
-出生時の体重が1000~1800gの子ども(「極低出生体重」またはVLBWと呼ばれる)、
-出生時の体重が1000g未満の子ども(「超低出生体重」またはELBWと呼ばれる)。
ある実施態様において、HMOは非フコシル化中性HMOである。
ある実施態様において、HMOはシアル化HMOである。
-1つ以上のヒトミルクオリゴ糖(HMO)、
-1つ以上のヒトミルクオリゴ糖(HMO)を含む合成組成物、または
-有効量の1つ以上のヒトミルクオリゴ糖の少なくとも14個の個別の1日用量を含む、パック
の使用である。HMO、合成組成物、およびパックは、上記に開示される。
方法-行動学的研究
53匹のメスの子ブタ(Gottingen minipigs, Ellegaard, Denmark)を、離乳後にホールボードテストに付した。1週齢において、調合乳(N=45)の子ブタを雌ブタから分離し、寝床として細断した藁を増やし、スクイーズボールおよび犬用ベッドを備えた囲い(2.5mx1m)の中に、2匹の子ブタの混合群を収容した。さらに、8匹の子ブタを交配し、10週齢まで3匹の雌ブタと共に飼育した(自然授乳子ブタ)。母乳から離乳させた後、10週齢において、自然授乳子ブタを、調合乳子ブタと同様の条件で飼育した。さらなる濃縮材料として、2つの金属製の鎖を囲いに追加した。
動物および飼育条件
成体の野生型(WT)B6.129およびヘテロ接合(HZ)B6.129-St6gal1tm2Jxm繁殖ペア(それぞれ、4匹のオスと4匹のメス、および3匹のオスおよび4匹のメス)を、商業ブリーダー(The Jackson Laboratory)から購入した。到着時に、同性のマウスを、おがくずの寝床、濃縮バッグ(Mucedola, Settimo Milanese, Italy)、金属製の表面および自由摂取可能な水および餌のペレットを備えたタイプ1のポリカーボネートケージ(33.0x13.0x14.0cm)に、2~3の同性のグループで収容した。マウスを空調管理した部屋(温度21±1℃および相対湿度60±10%)において、12時間の反転明暗サイクル(7:00PMに点灯)で飼育した。到着から2週間後、繁殖用の3匹の組(1匹のオス、2匹のメス)を形成した。2週間の交配の後、オスのマウスを取り出し、メスを個別に標準的なタイプ1ケージに収容した。メスの出産を毎日確認し、出産した日を出産後(PND)0日とした。週1回のケージの清掃以外は、離乳期(PND25)まで雌親と子供をそのままにした。離乳において、オスおよびメスのマウスを分離し、同性の同腹のケージに入れ;さらにオスのマウスを耳クリップによって印をつけ、この操作によって取り除いた耳組織を用いて遺伝子型判定を行った。次いで、ホモ接合型ノックアウト(KO)およびWTマウスを実験に用いた。
14匹の野生型(WT)および14匹のSt6Gal1ホモ接合(以下KO)メスマウスを、それぞれ7匹のWTおよび7匹のKOオスマウスと交配させた。このバッチのうち、10匹のWTおよび10匹のKOの雌親が、生存可能な子供を出産した。誕生の日を出産後(PND)0日とした。10:00から13:00の間に行われた飼育手順(詳細は図1を参照されたい)は、4匹の雌親(2匹のWTおよび2匹のKO)を同時に使用する必要があった。そのため、飼育雌親がいないために見捨てられる対象の数を最小にするため、飼育手順は生後24から60時間の間に行った。飼育の日に、我々は最初にケージから雌親を取り出し、次いで性別を判定し、足指にタトゥーインクを穿刺して子供に印をつけた。性別判定および印付けの手順が完了した後、子供を飼育雌親が居るケージに移し、おがくずで覆った。それぞれの子供を飼育雌親に渡し、全ての実験対象が同じ条件に置かれるようにした。それぞれの雌親は、WTおよびKOオスおよびメスの子供から構成される(可能な限り、全ての変数の比率は1:1)、混合された同腹の子供を育てた。開眼時および成年期に、遺伝子発現解析のために、前頭前皮質および海馬脳サンプルを回収した。
-WT雌親に飼育されたWT子供(WT対WT)
-KO雌親に飼育されたWT子供(WT対KO)
-WT雌親に飼育されたKO子供(KO対WT)
-KO雌親に飼育されたKO子供(KO対KO)
Agencourt RNAdvance Tissue Kit(Beckman Coulter)を用いてトータルRNAを抽出し:溶解を450μl中で行った。400μlの可溶化液を抽出した。溶出体積50μl
定量化を、Quant It Ribogreen アッセイ(Life Technologies)を用いて行う。
QC評価は、Fragment Analyzer 96におけるStandard sensitivity RNA kit(Agilent)を用いて行う。
ライブラリーは、LexogenのIllumina用QuantSeq 3' mRNA-Seq Library Prep Kit (FWD) HTを用いて生成する。ポリアデニル化RNAの3’末端に近いイルミナ適合性配列を生成するように設計されている。
カウントが非常に少ない遺伝子は、グループ間で差異的な発現が生じる可能性は低い。少なくとも8個のサンプルにおいて少なくとも5個のリードを有する遺伝子のみを選択することにより、低発現遺伝子をフィルタリングした。サンプル数の閾値によって、遺伝子が最小のグループ(8個のサンプルを含む)において発現されることが保証される。フィルタリング手順は、ライブラリーの大きさを考慮したCPM値において実行する。この場合、CPM値が2.427の閾値に対応する。また、注釈の付けられていない遺伝子は破棄した。これらのフィルタリング基準によって11523の特徴を保持した。TMM法を用いて標準化した。
ミエリン形成に関連する複数の遺伝子の発現は、幼少期の前頭前皮質においてのみ、6’-SLを含まないミルクを与えられたマウスで減少し、これは青年期または2つのいずれの時期の海馬において、いずれも観察されなかった。図4は、6’-SLを含まないミルクを与えられたマウスにおいて、髄鞘の2つの重要なタンパク質である、ミエリン塩基性タンパク質(MBP)およびミエリン関連糖タンパク質(MAG)の発現が50%減少したことを示す(遺伝子発現は、対照マウスと比較して倍率変化において定量した)。幼少期に6’-SLが存在しないことによる影響を京都遺伝子ゲノム百科事典の経路において調査したところ、ミエリン形成および髄鞘経路の両方が、6’-SLを含まないミルクを与えられたマウスにおいて下方制御されていたことを特定した。これもまた、前頭前皮質において可視化され、海馬においては(青年期または幼少期において)みられなかった。これらの結果は、母乳における6’-SLの存在が、特に幼少期において、前頭前皮質の最適なミエリン形成の観測に必要であることを明らかに示している。興味深いことに、前頭前皮質は、実行機能を仲介する脳の重要な領域であることが知られている。
即時に供給可能な栄養組成物は、水、マルトデキストリン、コーンシロップ、糖、乳タンパク質濃縮物、植物油(キャノーラ、高オレイン酸ヒマワリ、およびトウモロコシ)、大豆タンパク質単離物、アカシアガム、風味剤、2’-FLおよびDFL、クエン酸カリウム、リン酸マグネシウム、セルロースゲルおよびガム、炭酸カルシウム、アスコルビン酸ナトリウム、大豆レシチン、重酒石酸コリン、リン酸カルシウム、アルファ-トコフェリルアセテート、アスコルビン酸、カラギーナンガム、三価鉄ピロリン酸鉄(III)、風味剤、甘味剤(ステビア)、パルミチン酸ビタミンA、ナイアシンアミド、ビタミンD3、パントテン酸カルシウム、硫酸マンガン、硫酸銅、ピリドキシン塩酸塩、チアミン塩酸塩、ベータカロテン、リボフラビン、塩化クロム、葉酸、ビオチン、ヨウ化カリウム、フィトナジオン、亜セレン酸ナトリウム、モリブデン酸ナトリウム、ビタミンB12から製造される。
充填マシンを用いて、約1gの2’-FLおよびDFLを000ゼラチンカプセルに充填してカプセルを製造する。次いでカプセルを閉じる。2’-FLおよびDFLは、自由流動可能な粉末形態である。
Claims (23)
- 非乳児において、
-実行機能の向上、
-非最適実行機能のリスクの予防および/または軽減、
-非乳児における非最適実行機能の管理、および/または
-脳の前頭前皮質領域の成熟のための、ミエリン形成の向上
に用いるための、ヒトミルクオリゴ糖(HMO)。 - 非乳児において、
-実行機能の向上、
-非最適実行機能のリスクの予防および/または軽減、
-非乳児における非最適実行機能の管理、および/または
-脳の前頭前皮質領域の成熟のための、ミエリン形成の向上
に用いるための合成組成物であって、少なくとも1つのヒトミルクオリゴ糖(HMO)を含む合成組成物。 - 非乳児において、
-実行機能の向上、または
-非最適実行機能のリスクの予防および/または軽減、
-非乳児における非最適実行機能の管理、および/または
-脳の前頭前皮質領域の成熟のための、ミエリン形成の向上
に用いるためのパックであって、有効量の少なくとも1つのヒトミルクオリゴ糖(HMO)の少なくとも14個の個別の1日用量を含む、パック。 - ヒトミルクオリゴ糖が、フコシル化中性HMO、非フコシル化中性HMO、シアル化HMO、または前記のいずれかの任意の組み合わせである、請求項1に記載の使用のためのヒトミルクオリゴ糖、請求項2に記載の使用のための合成組成物、または請求項3に記載の使用のためのパック。
- ヒトミルクオリゴ糖が、2’-フコシルラクトース(2’-FL)、DFL、LNT、LNnT、シアリルラクトース、および前記の任意の組み合わせから成る群から選択されるHMOの混合物である、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の使用のための、ヒトミルクオリゴ糖、合成組成物、またはパック。
- ヒトミルクオリゴ糖が、2’-FL、DFL、LNT、およびLNnTの組み合わせ、または3’-シアリルラクトース(3’-SL)および6’-シアリルラクトース(6’-SL)の組み合わせ、または2’-FL、DFL、LNTおよびLNnT、3’-シアリルラクトース(3’-SL)および6’-シアリルラクトース(6’-SL)の組み合わせである、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の使用のための、ヒトミルクオリゴ糖、合成組成物、またはパック。
- ヒトミルクオリゴ糖が、
-2’-FL、DFL、LNT、およびLNnT、
-3’-シアリルラクトース(3’-SL)および6’-シアリルラクトース(6’-SL)、
-2’-FL、DFL、LNTおよびLNnT、3’-シアリルラクトース(3’-SL)および6’-シアリルラクトース(6’-SL)
から成る、またはそれらから実質的に成る、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の使用のための、ヒトミルクオリゴ糖、合成組成物、またはパック。 - 非乳児が、
-注意欠陥・多動性障害(ADHD)、アルツハイマー病、うつ病、不安、双極性障害、統合失調症、強迫性障害(OCD)、自閉症、アルツハイマー病、前頭側頭骨性認知症、レヴィー小体認知症、トゥレット症候群、心的外傷後ストレス障害(PTSD)、外傷性脳損傷、または血管性認知症を患っている、
-高齢のヒトである、または
-早産児または在胎不当過小児である、あるいはそうであった、
前記請求項のいずれかに記載の使用のための、ヒトミルクオリゴ糖、合成組成物、またはパック。 - 0.5gから15g;より好ましくは1gから10gの量のHMOを含む、前記請求項のいずれか1つに記載の使用のための合成組成物またはパック。
- 非乳児の実行機能を向上させるための方法であって、有効量の少なくとも1つのヒトミルクオリゴ糖(HMO)を非乳児に投与することを含む方法。
- 非乳児の非最適実行機能の管理のための方法であって、有効量の少なくとも1つのヒトミルクオリゴ糖(HMO)を非乳児に投与することを含む方法。
- 非乳児が様々な代替選択肢および/または戦略を認知、評価、および/または選択する能力の向上および/または管理;特に、短期および長期記憶の向上に有効な、請求項10または11に記載の方法。
- 非乳児が注意欠陥・多動性障害(ADHD)、アルツハイマー病、うつ病、不安、双極性障害、統合失調症、強迫性障害(OCD)、自閉症、アルツハイマー病、前頭側頭骨性認知症、レヴィー小体認知症、トゥレット症候群、心的外傷後ストレス障害(PTSD)、外傷性脳損傷、または血管性認知症を患っている、請求項10~12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 非乳児の非最適実行機能のリスクを予防および/または軽減するための方法であって、有効量の少なくとも1つのヒトミルクオリゴ糖(HMO)を非乳児に投与することを含む方法。
- 非乳児が後の人生において非最適実行機能の発症のリスクを有する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 非乳児が、早産児または在胎不当過小児であった、3歳以上の子供であるか、またはそうであった、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 有効量の少なくとも1つのヒトミルクオリゴ糖(HMO)を投与する前に、後の人生において非最適実行機能を発症するリスクのある非乳児を特定することをさらに含む、請求項14~16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 非乳児において非最適実行機能のリスクの二次的予防および/または軽減のための方法であって、再発のリスクまたは再発の重症化を予防および/または軽減するために、有効量の少なくとも1つのヒトミルクオリゴ糖(HMO)を、非最適実行機能を以前患っていた非乳児に投与することを含む、方法。
- 非乳児にさらに認知行動療法を提供することを含む、請求項10~18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 非乳児の脳の前頭前皮質領域を成熟させるために、ミエリン形成を向上させるための方法であって、非乳児に少なくとも1つのシアル化ヒトミルクオリゴ糖を投与することを含む方法。
- ヒトミルクオリゴ糖が、請求項4~7のいずれかにおいて定義されるものである、請求項10~20のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 非乳児が1日あたり0.5gから15g;より好ましくは1日あたり1gから10gの量のHMOを投与される、請求項10~21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 非乳児が少なくとも1週間;より好ましくは少なくとも2週間の期間にわたって、HMOを投与される、請求項10~22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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PCT/IB2020/051904 WO2020178774A1 (en) | 2019-03-05 | 2020-03-05 | Human milk oligosaccharides for use in enhancing executive function |
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GB202114190D0 (en) * | 2021-10-04 | 2021-11-17 | Mjn Us Holdings Llc | Compositions for preventing and/or treating demyelination |
KR102527378B1 (ko) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-05-02 | (주)에이피테크놀로지 | 2'-fl을 함유하는 도파민 감소로 말미암아 발생하는 질환의 개선, 예방 또는 치료용 조성물 |
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