JP2022513618A - 血液脳関門の標的化に有用な組成物および方法 - Google Patents
血液脳関門の標的化に有用な組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
Engl J Med 377,1713-1722,2017)。希少な遺伝性筋症を有する子供の治療では、マカクから単離されたAAV8血清型のベクターを静脈内に送達することで、同様に、印象的な結果が得られている(Gao et al.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99,11854-11859,2002)(NCT03199469)。AAV8およびAAV9などのバリアントの単離によるAAVベクターの改善にもかかわらず、標的組織の細胞への送達が限られていることから、ほとんどの候補疾患では、インビボ遺伝子療法の成功が及んでいない。
クター実体(effector entity)にコンジュゲートされる。特定の実施形態では、リガンドは、Ly6Eである。別の態様では、リガンドは、GRA3、ALPL、BST2、EFNA5、NT5E、DPEP2、GPC1、LYPD5、GPC6、CD14、CA4、GPC5、CD59、TFPI、EFNA1、EFNA3、HYAL2、MELTF、ULBP2、EFNA4、CNTN5、BCAN、RECK、CFC1、SEMA7A、PRNP、LY6E、PRND、PLAUR、CD24A、MMP25、ART3、LYPD1、PIBF1、CAPRIN1、GFRA3、GPIHBP1、MACF1、およびSEC24Bから選択される。
ガンドに結合する。特定の実施形態では、リガンドは、Ly6E、GRA3、ALPL、BST2、EFNA5、NT5E、DPEP2、GPC1、LYPD5、GPC6、CD14、CA4、GPC5、CD59、TFPI、EFNA1、EFNA3、HYAL2、MELTF、ULBP2、EFNA4、CNTN5、BCAN、RECK、CFC1、SEMA7A、PRNP、LY6E、PRND、PLAUR、CD24A、MMP25、ART3、LYPD1、PIBF1、CAPRIN1、GFRA3、GPIHBP1、MACF1、およびSEC24Bから選択される。別の実施形態では、修飾されたAAVは、AAV1、AAV3B、またはAAV9である。
らの特異性に加えて、モノクローナル抗体は、他の免疫グロブリンによって汚染されないという点で有利である。修飾語「モノクローナル」は、実質的に均質な抗体集団から得られる抗体の特徴を示し、任意の特定の方法による抗体の産生を必要とするものとして解釈されるべきではない。例えば、本発明に従って使用されるモノクローナル抗体は、Kohler et al,Nature,256:495(1975)によって最初に記載されたハイブリドーマ法によって作製され得るか、または組換えDNA法によって作製され得る(例えば、米国特許第4,816,567号を参照されたい)。モノクローナル抗体は、例えば、Clackson et al,Nature,352:624-628(1991)およびMarks et al,J.Mol.Biol,222:581-597(1991)に記載されている技法を使用して、ファージ抗体ライブラリから単離されてもよい。本明細書におけるモノクローナル抗体の具体的な例としては、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体、およびヒト抗体(それらの抗原結合断片を含む)が挙げられる。本明細書におけるモノクローナル抗体は、具体的には、「キメラ」抗体(免疫グロブリン)を含み、重鎖および/または軽鎖の一部分が特定の種に由来する抗体または特定の抗体のクラスもしくはサブクラスに属する抗体の対応する配列と同一または相同であり、鎖(複数可)の残部が別の種に由来する抗体、または別の抗体のクラスもしくはサブクラスに属する抗体の対応する配列と同一または相同であり、ならびにそれらが所望の生物学的活性を呈する限り、かかる抗体の断片も含む(米国特許第4,816,567号、Morrison et al,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,81:6851-6855(1984))。本明細書における目的のキメラ抗体としては、非ヒト霊長類(例えば、ヒヒ、アカゲザルまたはカニクイザルなどの旧世界ザル)およびヒト定常領域配列(米国特許第5,693,780号)に由来する可変ドメイン抗原結合配列を含む「霊長類化」抗体が挙げられる。
MAADGYLPDWLEDNLSEGIREWWALKPGAPQPKANQQHQDNARGLVLPGYKYLGPGNGLDKGEPVNAADAAALEHDKAYDQQLKAGDNPYLKYNHADAEFQERLKEDTSFGGNLGRAVFQAKKRLLEPLGLVEEAAKTAPGKKRPVEQSPQEPDSSAGIGKSGAQPAKKRLNFGQTGDTESVPDPQPIGEPPAAPSGVGSLTMASGGGAPVADNNEGADGVGSSSGNWHCDSQWLGDRVITTSTRTWALPTYNNHLYKQISNSTSGGSSNDNAYFGYSTP
WGYFDFNRFHCHFSPRDWQRLINNNWGFRPKRLNFKLFNIQVKEVTDNNGVKTIANNLTSTVQVFTDSDYQLPYVLGSAHEGCLPPFPADVFMIPQYGYLTLNDGSQAVGRSSFYCLEYFPSQMLRTGNNFQFSYEFENVPFHSSYAHSQSLDRLMNPLIDQYLYYLSRTINGSGQNQQTLKFSVAGPSNMAVQGRNYIPGPSYRQQRVSTTVTQNNNSEFAWPGASSWALNGRNSLMNPGPAMASHKEGEDRFFPLSGSLIFGKQGTGRDNVDADKVMITNEEEIKTTNPVATESYGQVATNHQSAQTLAVPFKAQAQTGWVQNQGILPGMVWQDRDVYLQGPIWAKIPHTDGNFHPSPLMGGFGMKHPPPQILIKNTPVPADPPTAFNKDKLNSFITQYSTGQVSVEIEWELQKENSKRWNPEIQYTSNYYKSNNVEFAVNTEGVYSEPRPIGTRYLTRNL(配列番号1)
MAADGYLPDWLEDNLSEGIREWWALKPGAPQPKANQQHQDNARGLVLPGYKYLGPGNGLDKGEPVNAADAAALEHDKAYDQQLKAGDNPYLKYNHADAEFQERLKEDTSFGGNLGRAVFQAKKRLLEPLGLVEEAAKTAPGKKRPVEQSPQEPDSSAGIGKSGAQPAKKRLNFGQTGDTESVPDPQPIGEPPAAPSGVGSLTMASGGGAPVADNNEGADGVGSSSGNWHCDSQWLGDRVITTSTRTWALPTYNNHLYKQISNSTSGGSSNDNAYFGYSTPWGYFDFNRFHCHFSPRDWQRLINNNWGFRPKRLNFKLFNIQVKEVTDNNGVKTIANNLTSTVQVFTDSDYQLPYVLGSAHEGCLPPFPADVFMIPQYGYLTLNDGSQAVGRSSFYCLEYFPSQMLRTGNNFQFSYEFENVPFHSSYAHSQSLDRLMNPLIDQYLYYLSRTINGSGQNQQTLKFSVAGPSNMAVQGRNYIPGPSYRQQRVSTTVTQNNNSEFAWPGASSWALNGRNSLMNPGPAMASHKEGEDRFFPLSGSLIFGKQGTGRDNVDADKVMITNEEEIKTTNPVATESYGQVATNHQSDGTLAVPFKAQAQTGWVQNQGILPGMVWQDRDVYLQGPIWAKIPHTDGNFHPSPLMGGFGMKHPPPQILIKNTPVPADPPTAFNKDKLNSFITQYSTGQVSVEIEWELQKENSKRWNPEIQYTSNYYKSNNVEFAVNTEGVYSEPRPIGTRYLTRNL(配列番号2)
進するように操作され得る。
TPA)は、放射性ヌクレオチドを抗体にコンジュゲートするための例示的なキレート剤である。WO94/11026を参照されたい。ペプチド結合によって結合された1~20個のアミノ酸からなるペプチドリンカーも使用され得る。特定のかかる実施形態では、アミノ酸は、20個の天然に存在するアミノ酸から選択される。特定の他のかかる実施形態では、1つ以上のアミノ酸は、グリシン、アラニン、プロリン、アスパラギン、グルタミン、およびリジンから選択される。リンカーは、脳への送達時に、神経薬の放出を促進する「切断可能なリンカー」であり得る。例えば、酸分解性リンカー、ペプチダーゼ感受性リンカー、光分解性リンカー、ジメチルリンカー、またはジスルフィド含有リンカー(Chari et al.,Cancer Res.52:127-131(1992)、米国特許第5,208,020号)が使用され得る。
レイン、αシヌクレイン、またはDJ-1(PARK7)を対象とする抗体を含む。他の抗体としては、PRX002(ProthenaおよびRoche)パーキンソン病ならびに関連するシヌクレイン病が含まれ得る。これらの抗体、特に、抗シヌクレイン抗体は、1つ以上のリソソーム蓄積症の治療にも有用であり得る。
Vカプシドは、AAVカプシドと少なくとも95%の同一性を共有する。AAVカプシドのパーセント同一性を決定する場合、比較は、可変タンパク質(例えば、vp1、vp2、またはvp3)のうちのいずれかにわたって行われ得る。別の実施形態では、自己相補的AAVが使用される。
Sに輸送される分子を指す。エフェクター実体は、典型的には、脳に送達されることが望まれる特徴的な治療活性を有する。エフェクター実体には、神経障害を治療するための薬剤および細胞傷害性剤が含まれ、脳の標的を対象とし得る、ペプチド、タンパク質、核酸(例えば、siRNA)、抗体(特に、モノクローナル抗体またはその断片)、小分子、および脂質ナノ粒子などが含まれる。特定の態様では、エフェクター実体は、CNSの画像診断に有用な検出可能な標識を含み得る。
フィラン、スピロゲルマニウム、テヌアゾン酸、トリアジコン、2,2’,2’’-トリクロロトリエチルアミン、トリコテセン(特に、T-2トキシン、ベラクリンA、およびアンギジン)、ウレタン、ビンデシン(ELDISINE(登録商標)、FILDESIN(登録商標))、ダカルバジン、マンノムスチン、ミトブロニトール、ミトラクトール、ピポブロマン、ガシトシン、アラビノシド(「Ara-C」)、チオテパ、タキソイド(例えば、TAXOL(登録商標)、パクリタキセル(Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology,Princeton,N.J.))、ABRAXANETMクレモホール不含、パクリタキセルのアルブミン操作ナノ粒子製剤(American Pharmaceutical Partners,Schaumberg,Illinois)、およびTAXOTEPvE(登録商標)、ドセタキセル(Rhone-Poulenc Rorer,Antony,France))、クロランブシル、ゲムシタビン(GEMZAR(登録商標))、6-チオグアニン、メルカプトプリン、メトトレキサート、白金類似体(シスプラチンおよびカルボプラチンなど)、ビンブラスチン(VELBAN(登録商標))、白金、エトポシド(VP-16)、イホスファミド、ミトキサントロン、ビンクリスチン(ONCOVIN(登録商標))、オキサリプラチン、ロイコボビン、ビノレルビン(NAVELBINE(登録商標))、ノバントロン、エダトレキサート、ダウノマイシン、アミノプテリン、イバンドロン酸、トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤RFS2000、ジフルオロメチルオルニチン(DMFO)レチノイド(レチノイン酸など)、カペシタビン(XELODA(登録商標))、上記のいずれかの薬学的に許容される塩、酸、または誘導体、ならびに上記のうちの2つ以上の組み合わせ(CHOP(シクロホスファミド、ドキソルビシン、ビンクリスチン、およびプレドニゾロンの併用療法の略称)およびFOLFOX(5-FUおよびロイコボビンと組み合わせたオキサリプラチン(ELOXATINTM)による治療レジメンの略語)など)が挙げられる。
PKC-α、Raf、H-Ras、および表皮増殖因子受容体(EGF-R)など)、ワクチン(THERATOPE(登録商標)ワクチンなど)および遺伝子療法ワクチン(例えば、ALLOVECTIN(登録商標)ワクチン、LEUVECTIN(登録商標)ワクチン、およびVAXID(登録商標)ワクチン)、LURTOTECAN(登録商標)トポイソメラーゼ1阻害剤、ABARELLX(登録商標)rmRH、ラパチニブトシル酸塩(ErbB-2およびEGFRのデュアルチロシンキナーゼ小分子阻害剤、別名GW572016)、ならびに、上記のいずれかの薬学的に許容される塩、酸、もしくは誘導体が挙げられる。癌の治療または予防のための神経薬として選択され得る化合物の別の群は、抗癌免疫グロブリン(トラスツズマブ、ベバシズマブ、アレムツズマブ、セツキシマブ、ゲムツズマブ・オゾガマイシン、イブリツモマブ・チウキセタン、パニツムマブおよびリツキシマブが含まれるが、これらに限定されない)である。場合によっては、抗体が、毒性標識とともに、所望の細胞(すなわち、癌細胞)を標的化し、死滅させるために使用され得る(放射標識を有するトシツモマブが含まれるが、これに限定されない)。
ゼ鎖転移阻害剤(すなわち、ラルテグラビル)、ノイラミニダーゼ阻害剤(すなわち、オセルタミビルおよびザナミビル)、非ヌクレオシド逆転写酵素阻害剤(すなわち、エファビレンツ、エトラビリン、デラビルジンおよびネビラピン)、ヌクレオシド逆転写酵素阻害剤(テノホビル、アバカビル、ラミブジン、ジドブジン、スタブジン、エンテカビル、エムトリシタビン、アデホビル、ザルシタビン、テルビブジンおよびジダノシン)、プロテアーゼ阻害剤(すなわち、ダルナビル、アザナビル、ホスアンプレナビル、チプラナビル、リトナビル、ネルフマビル、アンプレナビル、インジナビル、およびサキナビル)、プリンヌクレオシド(すなわち、バラシクロビル、ファムシクロビル、アシクロビル、リバビリン、ガンシクロビル、バルガンシクロビル、およびシドフォビル)、ならびにその他の抗ウイルス剤(すなわち、エンフビルチド、ホスカルネット、パリビズマブ、およびホミビルセン)を含むが、これらに限定されない)、抗生物質(アミノペニシリン(すなわち、アモキシシリン、アンピシリン、オキサシリン、ナフシリン、クロキサシリン、ジクロキサシリン、フルコキサシリン、テモシリン、アズロシリン、カルベニシリン、チカルシリン、メズロシリン、ピペラシリンおよびバカンピシリン)、セファロスポリン(すなわち、セファゾリン、セファレキシン、セファロチン、セファマンドール、セフトリアキソン、セフォタキシム、セフポドキシム、セフタジジム、セファドロキシル、セフラジン、ロラカルベフ、セフォテタン、セフロキシム、セフプロジル、セファクロル、およびセフォキシチン)、カルバペネム/ペネム(すなわち、イミペネム、メロペネム、エルタペネム、ファロペネム、およびドリペネム)、モノバクタム(すなわち、アズトレオナム、チゲモナム、ノルカルジシンA、およびタブトキシニンβラクタム)、別のベータラクタム抗生物質と組み合わせてβラクタマーゼ阻害剤(クラブラン酸、タゾバクタム、およびスルバクタム)、アミノグリコシド(すなわち、アミカシン、ゲンタマイシン、カナマイシン、ネオマイシン、ネチルマイシン、ストレプトマイシン、トブラマイシン、およびパロモマイシン)、アンサマイシン(すなわち、ゲルダナマイシンおよびハービマイシン)、カルバセフェム(すなわち、ロラカルベフ)、糖ペプチド(すなわち、テイコプラニンおよびバンコマイシン)、マクロライド(すなわち、アジスロマイシン、クラリスロマイシン、ジリスロマイシン、エリスロマイシン、ロキシスロマイシン、トロレアンドマイシン、テリスロマイシン、およびスペクチノマイシン)、モノバクタム(すなわち、アズトレオナム)、キノロン(すなわち、シプロフロキサシン、エノキサシン、ガチフロキサシン、レボフロキサシン、ロメフロキサシン、モキシフロキサシン、ノルフロキサシン、オフロキサシン、トロバフロキサシン、グレパフロキサシン、スパルフロキサシン、およびテマフロキサシン)、スルホンアミド(すなわち、マフェニド、スルホンアミドクリソイジム、スルファセタミド、スルファジアジン、スルファメチゾール、スルファニルアミド、スルファサラジン、スルフイソキサゾール、トリメトプリム、トリメトプリム、およびスルファメトキサゾール)、テトラサイクリン(すなわち、テトラサイクリン、デメクロサイクリン、ドキシサイクリン、ミノサイクリン、およびオキシテトラサイクリン)、抗悪性腫瘍剤もしくは細胞傷害性抗生物質(すなわち、ドキソルビシン、ミトキサントロン、ブレオマイシン、ダウノルビシン、ダクチノマイシン、エピルビシン、イダルビシン、プリカマイシン、マイトマイシン、ペントスタチン、およびバルルビシン)、ならびに、その他の抗菌化合物(すなわち、バシトラシン、コリスチン、およびポリミキシンB)を含むが、これらに限定されない)、抗真菌剤(すなわち、メトロニダゾール、ニタゾキサニド、イミダゾール、クロロキン、ヨードキノール、およびパロモマイシン)、ならびに抗寄生虫剤(キニーネ、クロロキン、アモジアキン、ピリメタミン、スルファドキシン、プログアニル、メフロキン、アトバコン、プリマキン、アルテメシニン、ハロファントリン、ドキシサイクリン、クリンダマイシン、メベンダゾール、パモ酸ピランテル、チアベンダゾール、ジエチルカルバマジン、イベルメクチン、リファンピン、アムホテリシンB、メラルソプロール、エフロルニチン、およびアルベンダゾールを含むが、これらに限定されない)が含まれる。虚血の場合、限定されないが、血栓溶解剤(すなわち、ウロキナーゼ、アルテプラーゼ、レテプラーゼ、およびテネクテプラーゼ)、血小板凝集阻害剤(すなわち、アスピリン、シロスタゾール、クロピドグレル、プラスグレル、およびジピ
リダモール)、スタチン(すなわち、ロバスタチン、プラバスタチン、フイウバスタチン、ロスバスタチン、アトルバスタチン、シンバスタチン、セリバスタチン、およびピタバスタチン)、ならびに血流または血管の柔軟性を改善するための化合物(例えば、血圧の薬を含む)を含む神経薬が選択され得る。
Meyerら、MolecularTherapy(2014年10月31日)は、IV適用と比べて10倍低い用量を使用して、マウスおよび非ヒト霊長類における脊髄全体の広範な導入遺伝子の発現をもたらし、直接CSF注射の有効性を実証した。本文書は、参照により本明細書に援用される。一実施形態では、組成物は、脳室内ウイルス注入を介して送達される。例えば、Kim et al,J Vis Exp.2014 Sep 15;(91):51863を参照されたい(参照により本明細書に援用される)。また、Passini et al,Hum Gene Ther.2014 Jul;25(7):619-30も参照されたい(参照により本明細書に援用される)。別の実施形態では、組成物は、腰部注入を介して送達される。
ンドの結合パートナーおよびBBBリガンドに結合する抗体または抗体断片と同時投与することを含む。したがって、抗体または抗体断片がGPIアンカーリガンドに結合することで、BBBにおけるウイルス侵入が低減または阻害される。CNS感染性の低減または阻害は、同時投与の抗体または抗体断片の不在下で観察される発生率と比較して測定され得る。特定の態様では、抗体の存在下での感染性は、抗体の不在下での感染性と比較して、約10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%、またはそれ以上低減され得る。
明細書は、本明細書に提供される教示の結果として明らかになる任意のおよびすべての変形例を包含するものと解釈されるべきである。当業者は、実施例の開示される実施形態において変更または変形を行うことができ、期待される同様の結果を得ることができることを理解するであろう。例えば、本明細書に記載の試薬に対して化学的または生理学的に関連する試薬の置換は、同じまたは同様の結果を生じることが予想される。そのような類似の置換および変更はすべて、当業者には明白であり、本発明の範囲内である。
AAV-PHP.Bが、かかる効率で血液脳関門(BBB)を通過することを可能にする因子は、以前に定義されていなかった。この研究では、AAV-PHP.Bの高いBBB透過性は、C57BL/6Jマウスに特異的であり、以前から造血、間葉、および癌幹細胞生物学9-12の文脈で研究されているLY6A(別名SCA-1)という脳内皮細胞上で発現されるGPIアンカータンパク質に対する7個の挿入アミノ酸の特異的結合に基づくことが決定された。
動物
動物プロトコルはすべて、ペンシルベニア大学の施設内動物実験委員会(Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee)によって認可され、動物は、ペンシルベニア大学の医学部内のAAALAC認定バリア施設内に収容された。ペンシルベニア大学の実験動物福祉室(OLAW)保証番号はA3079-01である。C56BL/6J(系統#000664)、BALB/cJ(#000651)、およびF1ハイブリッドCB6F1/J(#100007)をJackson Laboratoryから購入した。F2ハイブリッドは、施設でCB6F1/Jを交配することによって得られた。C57BL/6J背景およびBALB/cJ背景のLy6a-ヌルマウスは、WilliamL.Stanford(オタワ大学)から寛大な提供を受けた。レポーター遺伝子実験については、成体(6~8週齢)のオスに注射した。動物を、1ケージ当たり2~5匹で、標準的なケージに収容した。バリア施設のケージ、給水瓶、および床敷は、オートクレーブ処理し、ケージは、週に1回交換した。自動制御の12時間の明暗サイクルが維持された。各暗期は、19:00時(±30分)に開始した。放射線照射された実験用げっ歯類の餌は、自由摂食で提供された。
ヒト胎児由来腎臓293細胞(HEK293、元々雌胎児から得られた)を、ガンマ照射された10%ウシ胎児血清(Hyclone(商標),cat#SH30071.03IR)および100IU/mLのペニシリン/ストレプトマイシンを補充したダルベッコ改変イーグル培地(DMEM Gibco,ThermoFisher Scientific、カタログ番号11995-040)中に維持し、37℃で、5%CO2を含む加湿インキュベーターで増殖させた。
AAV9.PHP.Bトランスプラスミド(pAAV2/PHP.B)を、製造元のマニュアルに従って、QuikChange Lightning Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit(Agilent Technologies、カタログ番号210515)を用いて、pAAV2/9(Penn Vector Core)を鋳型として生成した。pAAV2/PHP.Bを鋳型として、AAV-PHP.B変異体も、同じ方法で構築した。以前に記載されているように37、AAVベクターを作製し、Penn Vector Coreによって滴定した。簡潔には、HEK293細胞を三重でトランスフェクトし、培養上清を回収し、濃縮し、イオジキサノール勾配
で精製した。精製したベクターを、以前に記載されているように38、ウサギβグロビンポリA配列を標的とするプライマーを使用して、デジタルドロップレットPCRで滴定した。
マウスは、外側尾静脈を介して0.1mL中の増強GFP(Penn Vector Core)をコードする1×1012GC(5×1013GC/kg)のAAV9またはAAV-PHP.BもしくはAAV-PHP.eBベクターを受け、注射21日後、CO2の吸入により安楽死した。脳を始めとする組織を、速やかに回収した。矢状方向に切開した脳の半分を、10%の中性緩衝ホルマリンに約24時間浸漬固定し、PBS中で軽く洗浄し、PBS中の15%および30%のスクロースで、4℃で順次平衡化した。次いで、組織を、OCT包埋媒体中で凍結し、直接GFP可視化用に凍結切片を作製した(脳は、30μm厚で切片化し、他の組織は、10μm厚で切片化した)。画像は、Nikon
Eclipse Ti-E蛍光顕微鏡で取得、またはAperio Versaスライドスキャナーで全脳切片をスキャンした。他の半分の脳は、いずれか、qPCRベクターの生体分布の研究用にドライアイス上でスナップ凍結されたか、または免疫染色用にホルマリン固定およびパラフィン包埋された。ホルマリン固定パラフィン包埋脳試料に対して、LY6Aの免疫蛍光を行った。切片を、脱パラフィン化し、抗原賦活化のために10mMのクエン酸緩衝液(pH6.0)中で6分間煮沸し、次いで、PBS+0.2%トリトン中の1%のロバ血清で15分間ブロッキングし、続いて、ブロッキング緩衝液中に希釈された一次抗体(1時間)および蛍光標識二次抗体(45分間)を用いて順次インキュベーションした。LY6Aに対するモノクローナルラット抗体D7(eBioscience、ThermoFisher Scientific Cat#14-5981-82)を、1:200の希釈で使用し、TRITC-標識ロバ抗ラット(Jackson Immunoresearch Cat#712-025-153、1:100の希釈)は、二次抗体として機能した。
QIAamp DNA Miniキット(Qiagenカタログ番号51306)で組織DNAを抽出し、ベクターゲノムを、Taqman試薬(Applied Biosystems、Life Technologies)およびベクターのrBGポリアデニル化配列を標的とするプライマー/プローブを使用して、リアルタイムPCRによって定量した。
Agilent SureSelect Mouse All Exon Kit(Agilentカタログ番号5190-4641)を使用して、4匹のF1および12匹のF2マウスの脳から単離されたゲノムDNAから全エクソーム配列決定ライブラリを生成した。試料をインデックス化し、NextSeq高出力カートリッジ上で配列決定した(フローセル当たり8つの試料)。配列決定後、各試料からのペアエンドリードを、NovoAlign(v3.08.02)を使用して、全エクソーム配列決定39について最適化されたパラメータを用いて、参照ゲノム(GRCm38)にマッピングした。重複リード(DNAの単一の断片に由来する光学的および/またはPCR重複)を、その後、Picardツール(v2.13.2)でフラグ付けした。データ前処理の後、GATKベストプラクティス40~43を使用して、各試料についてバリアントコーリングを実施した。簡潔には、塩基品質スコアの再較正を最初に実施し、続いて、バリアントコーリングを行い、およびGATK(v3.8)を使用してジョイント遺伝子型決定を行った。その後、生のバリアントをフィルタリングして、メンデル違反(Mendelian violation)のバリアント、およびQUALスコアが50以下のバリアントを除去した。その後、信頼性の高いバリアントを、関連性試験に使用した(統計分析を参照)。Snp
Eff44を使用して、ゲノムバリアントの注釈付け(annotation)および機能効果の予測を行った。
C57BL/6JおよびBALB/cJのコード配列由来のLY6Aは、GeneArtストリング(ThermoFisher Scientific)として合成された。天然LY6A発現ベクターの場合、GeneArtストリングを、NEBuilder HiFi DNAアセンブリマスターミックス(NEBカタログ番号E2621)を使用して、BamHI消化pcDNA3.1(+)IRES GFP(Addgene 51406)にアセンブリした。Twin-Strepタグ化LY6A発現ベクターの場合、LY6Aの最初の111個のアミノ酸残基をコードするDNAをPCR増幅した後、NEBuilder HiFi DNAアセンブリマスターミックス(NEBカタログ番号E2621)を使用して、Esp3I消化pESG-IBA103にアセンブリした。全ての構築物は、サンガー配列決定によって確認された。
HEK293細胞を、1:2のDNA:ポリエチレンイミン(PEI-直鎖ポリエチレンイミン塩酸塩(分子量40,000)、Polysciences、カタログ番号24765-1)w/w比を使用して、Twin-Strepタグ化LY6A(C57BL/6JまたはBALB/cJのバリアント)を発現するプラスミドで、一過的にトランスフェクトした。トランスフェクションの72時間後、細胞培養上清を、0.22μmフィルターを通して濾過し、1/10量の10×緩衝液W(1MのTris-HCl(pH8.0)、1.5MのNaCl、10mMのEDTA)を添加することによって、pH8.0に調整した。トランスフェクトした293細胞を、0.1%のTritonX-100を補充した1×緩衝液Wに溶解し、27ゲージ針を通して2回通過させた。細胞溶解物および培養上清を合わせ、続いて、1/400量のBioLockビオチンブロッキング溶液(IBA Life Sciences、カタログ番号2-0205-050)を用いて15分間インキュベーションした後、遠心分離することによって、ビオチンの枯渇を行った。製造元のプロトコル(IBA Life Sciences)に従って、Strep-Tactin XTアフィニティークロマトグラフィーにより、Twin-Strepタグ化LY6Aタンパク質の精製を達成した。簡潔には、Strep-Tactin XTスーパーフロー樹脂(カタログ番号2-4010-010)を、細胞溶解物および上清とともに、2時間、室温でインキュベートし、4カラム体積(CV)の1x緩衝液Wで洗浄し、0.6CV、1.6CV、および0.8CVの1x緩衝液BXTで溶出した。組換えLY6Aを含有する溶出画分をプールし、50mMのTris-HCl(pH8.0)、150mMのNaCl中で4回透析した。タンパク質濃度は、BCAアッセイ(Pierce、カタログ番号23225)によって決定した。
Strep-TactinXTでコーティングされたマイクロプレート(IBA Life Sciences、カタログ番号2-4101-001)を、ウェル当たり0μgまたは0.5μgのTwin-Strepタグ化LY6Aタンパク質を含む200μLのコーティング緩衝液(50mMのTris-HCl、pH8.0、150mMのNaCl)で、4℃で一晩インキュベートした。プレートをPBST(PBS中0.05%のTween-20)で3回洗浄し、PBS中3%のBSA中で、室温で2時間ブロッキングした。AAV血清型を、1%のBSAおよび0.1%のプルロニックF-68を補充したPBS中に、示された濃度に希釈した。200μLのAAV希釈液を各ウェルに添加し、37℃で2時間インキュベートした。固定化されたAAV粒子は、AAV9に対するウサギ抗血清(1:50,000、Penn Immunology Core)および西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ(HRP)コンジュゲートヤギ抗ウサギ二次抗体(1:5,000
、ThermoFisher Scientific、カタログ番号31460)と、順次、1時間インキュベーションすることによって検出した。プレートは、製品説明書に従って200μLのSureBlue TMB1成分マイクロウェルペルオキシダーゼ基質(Seracare、カタログ番号52-00-01)を使用して現像し、光学密度(OD)を、マイクロプレートリーダー(SpectraMax M3)によって、450nmで測定した。LY6A依存性のAAV結合を計算するために、コーティングされていないマイクロプレートウェルへのバックグラウンドAAV結合を、各ウイルス濃度で観察されたLY6AでコーティングされたウェルへのAAV結合から減算した。データは、3つの独立した実験を表している。LY6Aバリアントに対するAAV-PHP.Bバリアントの見かけの親和性(Kd)を推定するために、ELISAデータの最小二乗適合(A450シグナルを最大の割合として)を、分子相互作用の単純な1:1モデル[f=At/(Kd+At)](式中、fは、Ly6a結合の割合であり、Atは、ウェルに適用されるAAVの総量である)に適用した。Ly6aを明示的に説明するより複雑なモデルは、適合性を改善しなかった。使用されるELISAの方向付けは、細胞で見られるような、LY6Aタンパク質についてのベクターの見かけの親和性を推定することのみを可能にし、単一のPHP.Bペプチドループの単一のLY6Aタンパク質との微視的な親和性を表すものではない。
細胞培養は、全て、DMEM培地+10%熱不活性化ウシ胎児血清(FBS)+1%ペニシリン・ストレプトマイシン(P/S)を使用して、37℃、5%CO2の加湿インキュベーターで行った。アッセイの第1日目に、HEK293細胞をトリプシン処理し、カウントし、96ウェルプレート(Corning#3603)に、80,000細胞/ウェルの密度で播種した。20~24時間後、IRES2-EGFP配列の上流にLy6aもしくはLy6c1のC57BL/6JまたはBalb/cJのアレルを含むプラスミド構築物を、細胞に一過的にトランスフェクトした。100uLの培養量で、ウェル当たり0.14ugのプラスミドDNAおよび0.28ugのPEIを使用して、無血清DMEMでトランスフェクションを行った。モックでトランスフェクションされる細胞は、無血清DMEM中にPEIのみを受けた。トランスフェクションの24時間後、各ウェルに100uLのDMEM+20%のFBS+1%のP/Sを補充し、完全な血清条件下で、さらに24時間増殖させた。トランスフェクションの48時間後、蛍光顕微鏡を使用して、GFP発現を、トランスフェクションされたウェルで定性的に評価した。次いで、CMVプロモーターの制御下のβ-ガラクトシダーゼレポーター遺伝子を含むAAV9およびAAV9-PHP.Bウイルスベクターを、100,000~10の範囲のMOIで、各ウェルに導入した。この形質導入ステップを、100uLの無血清DMEM中で2時間行い、続いて、100uLのDMEM+20%FBS+1%P/Sを添加し、24時間インキュベーションした。次いで、製造元のマイクロプレート培養のための直接溶解プロトコルに従って、Galacto-StarB-ガラクトシダーゼレポーター遺伝子アッセイシステム(Thermo-Fisher Scientific、#T1014)を使用して、β-ガラクトシダーゼ発現を決定した。このプロトコルの溶解ステップを一部修正して、ウェル当たり40uLの溶解緩衝液を使用し、溶解を30分間行った。次いで、SpectramaxM3発光プレートリーダーで、発光の検出を行った。データは、6つの独立した実験を表している。
HEK293抗体阻害アッセイは、HEK293形質導入アッセイにおいて上に記載されたように行い、以下の変更または追加を伴った。トランスフェクションには、C57BL/6JおよびBalb/cJのLy6a-IRES2-EGFPプラスミドのみを使用した。さらに、アッセイの4日目、AAV9-PHP.Bを形質導入する前に、抗体インキュベーションステップを追加した。このステップでは、低D7エンドトキシン無アジド
抗LY6A抗体(Abeomics、#31-2027)またはIgGアイソタイプ対照(Abcam、#18450)を、細胞とともに4℃で1時間インキュベートした。抗体を、50uLの無血清DMEM中に100nMで導入し、このインキュベーション後、AAV9-PHP.Bレポーターベクターを、10,000のMOIで50uLの無血清DMEMに導入した。次いで、プレートを、37℃のインキュベーターに戻し、先に記載したように、アッセイの残りの部分を進めた。データは、8つの独立した実験を表している。
マウスにおけるベクターゲノムのコピーを、一元配置ANOVA(クラスカル・ウォリス検定)、続いて、α値を0.05としてダンの多重比較検定(GraphPad Prism)を使用して分析した。WES連鎖分析のために、量的形質のための線形ワルド検定を使用して形質関連バリアントを特定した(https://github.com/statgen/EPACTS)。p値が5E~8以下のバリアントのみを、有意であると見なした。HEK293形質導入効率(β-ガラクトシダーゼ活性)は、2元配置ANOVA、続いて、テューキーの多重比較検定(GraphPad Prism)を用いた平均比較検定を使用して比較した。
AAV-PHP.Bに対するBBB透過性は、マウスにおいて共優性形質として遺伝する。
GFP導入遺伝子を有するAAV-PHP.Bを、1×1012ゲノムコピー(GC)IV投与すると、BALB/cJマウス13ではなくC57BL/6Jマウスにおいて、中枢神経系(CNS)の細胞の広範な形質導入をもたらすことが以前に示された。それとは対照的に、BBBを迂回する脳室内注射によるCNSへのAAV-PHP.Bの直接投与は、C57BL/6JマウスおよびBALB/cJマウスの脳の両方で、同等に、強いGFP発現をもたらした(図5Aおよび図5B)。したがって、両方の系統のCNSの細胞はAAV-PHP.B脳内形質導入に対して感受性であったが、C57BL/6JマウスでAAV-PHP.Bの効率が増加したことは、BBBを横切る送達が強化されたことに起因すると結論づけた。BBBのAAV-PHP.B透過性における系統特異的な違いは、BBB輸送に関与する単一遺伝子の遺伝的バリエーションによって引き起こされたと仮定した。この仮説を確認するために、C57BL/6JxBALB/cJ交配の子孫であるF1およびF2において、AAV-PHP.BをIV投与してCNSの形質導入を評価した。全てのF1子孫は、親系統と比較して中等度のCNS形質導入を示したが、F2世代では、55.5%が中等度、16.7%が高度でC57BL/6J様、および27.8%が低度でBALB/cJ様のCNS形質導入を有する、形質導入の分布を示した(図1A)。この結果を、対応するマウス脳において、ベクターのゲノムコピー数のqPCRに基づく定量によって確認した(図1B)。F1およびF2の表現型の分布に基づいて、PHP.Bに対するBBBの透過性が、単一のゲノム遺伝子座における2つの共優性アレルのメンデル遺伝パターンに従っていると結論付けた。AAV-PHP.Bとは対照的に、AAV9の場合、系統特異的な脳内形質導入は観察されなかった(図1B)。
F1およびF2の子孫に記載されるCNS形質導入の遺伝パターンは、単一遺伝子におけるバリエーションが、この表現型における系統特異的な違い(すなわち、AAV-PHP.Bの高いBBB透過性)の根底にあり得ることを示唆する。したがって、マウスゲノムのコード領域内の任意の原因となる変異を特定するために、16種類の関連するマウスの遺伝子型決定および遺伝子連鎖分析に基づいて、全エクソーム配列決定(WES)を行った(図2A)。我々の分析は、観察された表現型(図2B)と最も有意に関連付けられる(p=1.9E-31)マウス15番染色体のD3およびE3核型バンドにまたがる約
4.5MbpのゲノムDNAストレッチ内に位置する135個の固有の変異を同定した。同定された有意なバリアントの機能的なバリアントの注釈から(p≦5E-8)、Ly6a、Ly6i、Rhophilin1、およびRiken cDNA2010109I03遺伝子内のミスセンス変異が、AAV-PHP.Bの高いBBB透過性と最も有意に連鎖していることが明らかになった(表1)。これらの遺伝子によってコードされるタンパク質の細胞内の局在化および公開データベース14による脳内のそれらの存在量に基づいて、脳の微小血管系で高度に発現しているGPIアンカー表面タンパク質であるLY6A(SCA-1としても知られる)が原因となるタンパク質であると仮定した。Ly6aがBBBを横切るAAV-PHP.Bの非常に効率的な送達に不可欠であるかどうかを試験するために、GFP導入遺伝子を有するAAV-PHP.Bを、C57BL/6J背景および野生型対照のLy6aノックアウト(Ly6a-/-)マウスにIV注射した。PHP.Bは、LY6A-/-マウスにおいて肝臓を効果的に形質導入したが、脳内の形質導入が最小限であることが観察され(図2C)、LY6AがBBBを横切るAAV-PHP.B輸送に必要であることを示す。興味深いことに、Ly6の遺伝子クラスターにおける多型は、Ly6a(BALB/cJ様)およびLy6b(C57BL/6J様)の2つの主要なハプロタイプを有することが、以前に記載されている。これらの2つのハプロタイプは、プロモーター領域内のいくつかの単一ヌクレオチド変化に関して異なり、LY6Aタンパク質内の2つのアミノ酸置換(すなわち、Ly6aがコードするタンパク質は、Ly6bと比較して、Val106AlaおよびpAsp63Gly置換を有する)において異なる。LY6Aに対する抗体を用いた免疫組織化学による脳組織の分析から、その発現が、C57BL/6J動物の微小血管の内皮細胞では高レベルであり、BALB/cJ動物では大幅に減少していることが明らかになり(図2D)、これは、以前の報告15を確認するものである。Ly6a-/-マウス由来の組織では、LY6Aの発現は検出されず、これはアッセイの特異性を確認するものである(図2D)。BALB/cJのLY6Aのプロモーターの変異またはオープンリーディングフレーム内の変異のいずれかが、脳内皮上のLY6A発現の劇的な減少に寄与し得る。
LY6AバリアントとAAVカプシドとの間の直接的な相互作用の可能性を評価するために、ELISAアッセイを開発した。C57BL/6JおよびBALB/cJバリアントの両方について、LY6AのGPI-アンカー切断バージョンを含む発現カセットを構築して、それぞれの組換えタンパク質の可溶性バージョンを単離できるようにした。ELISAアッセイは、ELISAウェルに結合した組換えLY6Aタンパク質に対するAAV粒子の結合を分析することによって開発された(図4A)。BALB/cJ LY6Aよりも多くのAAV.PHP.Bが、C57BL/6J LY6Aに結合した。AAV9とLY6Aバリアントとの間の結合は検出されなかった(図4A)。BABL/cJ LY6Aに対するAAV-PHP.Bのより低いシグナル強度にもかかわらず、比較的高い親和性の結合が残存した。実際、両方のデータセットは、サブnM結合等温線に十分に適合する(C57BL/6JおよびBALB/cJのバリアントについて、それぞれ0.07nMおよび0.28nM)。この親和性は、複数の固定化Ly6aタンパク質とAAV-PHP.Bベクターとの強い会合を表しているものと疑われた。BABL/cJにおけるAAV-PHP.BのBBB輸送の低減は、LY6Aへの結合の低下およびLY6Aの発現の減少によって引き起こされる可能性がある。
トカプシドであるAAV-PHP.B V592G(7個の挿入アミノ酸の4番目の残基におけるVP1の592位でのバリンからグリシンへの変異)を生成した。この変異体カプシドのGFP発現バージョンをIV注射した後の発現プロファイルは、AAV9と類似しているが、AAV-PHP.Bとは類似していない(例えば、肝臓への高い形質導入に対して、CNSへの導入はほとんどない)(図6)。興味深いことに、AAV9およびAAV-PHP.B V592Gのいずれも、LY6Aとは検出可能に結合せず(図4A)、インビトロでのLY6Aとのカプシド相互作用とインビボでのBBBを横切る能力との間に直接的な関連性が示される。
AAV9-PHP.B親和性バリアントをCB7-eGFPレポーター遺伝子を用いて調製し、1e12gc/マウスのIV用量で、C57BL/6マウスで試験した。マウスを、注射の21日後に安楽殺し、臓器を、組織学的検査および生体分布用に回収した。Ly6a親和性は、肝臓生体分布と負の相関を示し、Ly6aに対する最も強い親和性を有するベクターでは、減少した肝臓への局在化を示す。この傾向は、脳の生体分布では観察されない。LY6A受容体に対して親和性を有する全てのベクターは、同等のレベルの脳組織への局在化を示す(図10A)。eGFPの肝臓発現により生体分布を追跡すると、Ly6aに対する親和性が低いバリアントは、肝臓組織への局在化および肝臓組織での発現の増加を示す。脳の組織学的検査では、高親和性ベクターおよび低親和性ベクターは、脳組織において同様の生体分布を有するが、LY6Aに対して低~中程度の親和性を有す
るベクターでは、発現が改善されたことを示す(図10B)。
キメラカプシドは、ベクター産生中に使用されるAAV9カプシド遺伝子またはAAV9-PHP.Bカプシド遺伝子のいずれかをコードするプラスミドの割合を変更することによって産生された。各キメラバリアントの形質導入効率は、Ly6aを安定して発現するHEK293細胞でのβ-ガラクトシダーゼの発現によって定量した。1:3のPHP.B、2:3のAAV9比でPHP.Bペプチドを提示するカプシドは、100%のPHP.Bペプチドを提示するカプシドと比較した場合、細胞を同等に形質導入した。また、PHP.Bペプチド提示の結合価を調節すると、形質導入で段階的応答が生じ、一方、ペプチド親和性を調節すると(図11)、形質導入で多くの二値応答を生じる。
以前の結合および親和性のSPRデータでは、LY6Aが、センサチップ表面に固定され、AAV9-PHP.Bが、センサー表面上の溶液中にある状態で、生成された。この配向では、ベクターが複数の表面受容体と会合し、アビディティ効果により結合相互作用が強化される。逆の配向では、単量体のLY6Aは、最大40μMの濃度でさえ、表面に固定化されたAAV9-PHP.Bに結合することができない。LY6Aが、IgG1-FcドメインのN末端に融合された二量体として発現される場合、それは依然として、1μMの濃度では、表面に固定化されたAAV9-PHP.Bに結合することができない。LY6Aが、IgM-FcドメインへのN末端融合物として発現される場合、最大12コピーのLy6aドメインが、単一分子上に提示され得る。この構築物では、AAV9ではなく、AAV9-PHP.Bへの特異的結合が観察され得る(図12)。
遺伝子導入の技術が進歩するにつれて、形質導入効率や宿主ベクター応答などの性能の主要な原動力についての理解も進んできた。これらのトランスレーショナル研究のいくつかは、関連する基本的な生物学的プロセスの理解を強化した。AAVベクターが、意図的かつ用量依存的な様式で、全ての哺乳動物のCNSの細胞を形質導入する能力は、光遺伝学などのツールの使用を通して、神経生物学の研究に革命をもたらした(16で概説)。アデノウイルスを用いたインビボ遺伝子導入に対する適応免疫応答を鈍化させるように設計された研究では、CD40とCD40Lとの会合によりT細胞が活性化されるメカニズムが発見された17。本稿で説明されるストーリーは、遺伝子療法に関連するものよりも広範な影響を与える新しい生物学的原理を照らすトランスレーショナル作業の別の例である。
て40年超前に発見された。これは、成体マウス造血幹細胞(HSC)を富化するために一般的に使用され、多種多様な組織および器官で幹細胞、前駆細胞、および分化細胞の細胞型でも発現する(9で概説)。幹細胞生物学の研究で一般的に使用されているにもかかわらず、LY6Aのリガンドが特定されていないことは大変面白い19~21。その生理学的機能も不明であるが、Ly6aヌルマウスの研究は、T細胞増殖下方制御22、造血系統調節、HSC移植およびホーミング10、間葉系幹細胞の自己再生、および骨形成23,24における役割を示唆する。ここで、LY6Aのリガンド(すなわち、AAV9カプシドバリアントAAV.PHP.B)が初めて同定され、このリガンドのLY6Aへの結合と、BBBを横切るその能力との間の直接的な関連が実証された。LY6Aは、脳微小血管系14,15,25において高度に発現され、Ly6bハプロタイプは、以前、野生型マウスアデノウイルス1誘導性の致死性脳炎26,27と関連していることが示された。この文脈では、本発明者らの結果は、このマウスGPIアンカータンパク質が、BBBにおけるウイルス相互作用および経細胞質輸送において役割を果たし得ることを示唆している。
されたカプシド
バイオ治療剤の送達を改善するために、BBB内皮細胞上で発現されるGPIアンカータンパク質をハイジャックすることができる。しかしながら、いくつかのグループは、非ヒト霊長類において、AAV-PHP.BのIV注射後、CNS形質導入の増加を実証することに失敗しており13,35、これは、おそらく霊長類におけるLY6Aホモログの不在によって説明される36。実際、AAV.PHP.BのBBB透過性の促進を示す唯一の動物モデルは、それが選択されたモデル(すなわち、C57BL/6Jマウス)と同様の遺伝的背景を有するものであり、新規のカプシドバリアントを選択する方法が、候補カプシドの有用性をどのように制限し得るかを例証する。したがって、それはまた、霊長類に由来する内皮細胞上で発現されるGPIアンカータンパク質に結合するバリアントの集団を評価するために、ヒト遺伝子療法ベクターおよび他のタンパク質治療剤を開発する上で生産的である。
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。出願人は、本明細書とともに出願された配列表を、参照により本明細書に援用する。このファイルは、「18-8634PCT_ST25.txt」とラベルされている。本発明は、特定の実施形態を参照して記載されているが、本発明の趣旨から逸脱することなく修正を行うことができることが理解されよう。かかる修正は、添付の特許請求の範囲内であることが意図される。
Claims (21)
- GPIアンカー血液脳関門(BBB)リガンドの結合パートナーを含み、エフェクター実体にコンジュゲートされるカプシドを有する組換えAAVを含む組成物。
- 前記リガンドが、Ly6Eである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記リガンドが、GRA3、ALPL、BST2、EFNA5、NT5E、DPEP2、GPC1、LYPD5、GPC6、CD14、CA4、GPC5、CD59、TFPI、EFNA1、EFNA3、HYAL2、MELTF、ULBP2、EFNA4、CNTN5、BCAN、RECK、CFC1、SEMA7A、PRNP、LY6E、PRND、PLAUR、CD24A、MMP25、ART3、LYPD1、PIBF1、CAPRIN1、GFRA3、GPIHBP1、MACF1、およびSEC24Bから選択される、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 前記カプシドが、空のカプシドである、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記カプシドが、異種遺伝子をコードするAAVベクターゲノムをさらに含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記エフェクター実体が、ペプチド、核酸、siRNA、抗体、抗体断片、小分子、脂質ナノ粒子、または細胞傷害性剤である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記AAVカプシドおよびエフェクター実体が、リンカーを介してコンジュゲートされる、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 神経疾患または神経障害の治療を必要とする対象において、神経疾患または神経障害を治療するための方法であって、前記対象の前記BBBを、GPIアンカーBBBリガンドの結合パートナーを含み、エフェクター実体にコンジュゲートされるカプシドを有するAAVと接触させることを含み、カプシドの前記GPIアンカーBBBリガンドとの結合が、前記BBBを横切る前記エフェクター実体の輸送を媒介する、方法。
- 前記リガンドが、Ly6E、GRA3、ALPL、BST2、EFNA5、NT5E、DPEP2、GPC1、LYPD5、GPC6、CD14、CA4、GPC5、CD59、TFPI、EFNA1、EFNA3、HYAL2、MELTF、ULBP2、EFNA4、CNTN5、BCAN、RECK、CFC1、SEMA7A、PRNP、LY6E、PRND、PLAUR、CD24A、MMP25、ART3、LYPD1、PIBF1、CAPRIN1、GFRA3、GPIHBP1、MACF1、およびSEC24Bから選択される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記神経疾患または神経障害が、アルツハイマー病(AD)、脳卒中、認知症、筋ジストロフィー(MD)、多発性硬化症(MS)、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)、嚢胞性線維症、アンジェルマン症候群、リドル症候群、パーキンソン病、ピック病、パジェット病、癌、リソソーム蓄積症、および外傷性脳損傷からなる群から選択される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記エフェクター実体が、ペプチド、核酸、siRNA、抗体、抗体断片、小分子、または細胞傷害性剤である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記AAVカプシドが、リンカーを介して前記エフェクター実体にコンジュゲートされ
る、請求項8に記載の方法。 - GPIアンカーBBBリガンドの結合パートナーを含むAAVカプシドを有する遺伝子療法ベクターの中枢神経系(CNS)の取り込みを低減または阻害するための併用療法であって、前記BBBリガンドに結合する抗体または抗体断片を、前記遺伝子療法ベクターと同時投与することを含む、併用療法。
- 前記リガンドが、Ly6E、GRA3、ALPL、BST2、EFNA5、NT5E、DPEP2、GPC1、LYPD5、GPC6、CD14、CA4、GPC5、CD59、TFPI、EFNA1、EFNA3、HYAL2、MELTF、ULBP2、EFNA4、CNTN5、BCAN、RECK、CFC1、SEMA7A、PRNP、LY6E、PRND、PLAUR、CD24A、MMP25、ART3、LYPD1、PIBF1、CAPRIN1、GFRA3、GPIHBP1、MACF1、およびSEC24Bから選択される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- CNSを標的とするAAVカプシドを操作する方法であって、
a)GPIアンカーBBBリガンドに特異的に結合するペプチド断片をコードするアミノ酸配列を同定することと、
b)AAV HVRVIII部位を修飾して、前記アミノ酸配列を発現させることと、を含み、
操作された前記カプシドが、GPIアンカーBBBリガンドに結合する、方法。 - 前記リガンドが、Ly6E、GRA3、ALPL、BST2、EFNA5、NT5E、DPEP2、GPC1、LYPD5、GPC6、CD14、CA4、GPC5、CD59、TFPI、EFNA1、EFNA3、HYAL2、MELTF、ULBP2、EFNA4、CNTN5、BCAN、RECK、CFC1、SEMA7A、PRNP、LY6E、PRND、PLAUR、CD24A、MMP25、ART3、LYPD1、PIBF1、CAPRIN1、GFRA3、GPIHBP1、MACF1、およびSEC24Bから選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 修飾された前記AAVが、AAV1、AAV3B、またはAAV9である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 請求項15に記載の方法によって得られる、GPIアンカーBBBリガンドに結合する操作されたAAVカプシド。
- CNS標的を検出可能に標識するための方法であって、BBB上のGPIアンカーリガンドに結合し、検出可能なエフェクター実体にコンジュゲートされたAAVカプシドを投与することを含み、前記AAVカプシドが、前記GPIアンカーBBBリガンドに結合すると、前記BBBを横切ってそれにコンジュゲートされた前記検出可能なエフェクター実体を輸送する、方法。
- 前記リガンドが、Ly6E、GRA3、ALPL、BST2、EFNA5、NT5E、DPEP2、GPC1、LYPD5、GPC6、CD14、CA4、GPC5、CD59、TFPI、EFNA1、EFNA3、HYAL2、MELTF、ULBP2、EFNA4、CNTN5、BCAN、RECK、CFC1、SEMA7A、PRNP、LY6E、PRND、PLAUR、CD24A、MMP25、ART3、LYPD1、PIBF1、CAPRIN1、GFRA3、GPIHBP1、MACF1、およびSEC24Bから選択される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記検出可能なエフェクター実体が、ペプチド、核酸、siRNA、抗体、抗体断片、小分子、脂質ナノ粒子、または細胞傷害性剤を含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
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