JP2022168898A - Plasma reaction method and plasma reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

To render carbon dioxide harmless at room temperature.SOLUTION: A casing 1 is lined with a carbon material 2 that radiates and reflects electromagnetic waves at room temperature. The casing 1 receives a massive amplification material 5 composed of NaOH, zinc and aluminum. The casing 1 allows CO2 to flow into it from below. CO2 is brought into contact with the amplification material 5 for oxidation, thereby heating the inside of the casing 1 to activate the amplification material 5. The energy of generated electromagnetic waves is amplified to separate nuclei of CO2 into protons, neutrons, and electrons, so that CO2 is rendered harmless.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

In the present invention, a plasma space is formed using electromagnetic waves at room temperature, CO ₂ or fuel gas is injected into this plasma space, gas atoms are plasma-collapsed, CO ₂ is rendered harmless, and a large number of The present invention relates to a plasma reaction method and a plasma reaction apparatus capable of extracting electrons and producing high-output fuel.

Conventionally, the present inventor put NaOH and stainless steel powder in a stainless steel container, heated the stainless steel container to 500 ° C. or higher to fill the container with fine particles of NaOH, reacted the fine particles and the molecules of the gas to be treated, It produced hydrogen from water and detoxified _CO2 .

International publication WO2012/011499A1 JP 2017-22250

However, in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the effect of NaOH and stainless steel powder put in a stainless steel container was not sufficiently recognized. It was not processed, the surface solidified in a short period of time, and no fine particles were generated.

In the plasma reaction method of the present invention, an alkali metal such as sodium or potassium or their hydroxides and zinc, aluminum or oxides containing these metals are heated in a casing that radiates and reflects electromagnetic waves at room temperature. A small lump of the alloy produced by the treatment is housed, and _CO2 is injected into the casing to excite the alloy by an oxidation reaction between the _CO2 and the alloy, and fine particles are scattered from the surface of the alloy into the casing. Electromagnetic waves are generated from the fine particles, and these fine particles are ionized by the electromagnetic waves generated by themselves and the walls of the casing, forming a plasma space of the metal ions and electrons of the alloy, in which the CO ₂ supplied into the casing The nucleus of each atom was broken down into protons, neutrons and electrons by plasma decay.

Further, the first plasma reactor of the present invention comprises a casing having a wall surface that radiates and reflects electromagnetic waves at room temperature, and sodium, which is an alkali metal, or a hydroxide thereof, zinc, and aluminum. Alternatively, it has an oxide containing these metals and a metal lump granulated by heat treatment, and fine particles are emitted from the surface of the metal lump, and the fine particles are ionized by electromagnetic waves generated in the casing to form a metal. A plasma space was formed by separating ions and electrons, and CO ₂ gas, which was the gas to be treated, was injected into the casing in a direction to blow up the alloy mass.

The second plasma reactor of the present invention comprises: a negative electrode chamber having a wall surface that radiates and reflects electromagnetic waves at room temperature; an alloy ingot filled in the negative electrode chamber and granulated by heat-treating alkali metals such as sodium or potassium or their hydroxides and zinc, aluminum or oxides containing these metals; A current collector that is in contact with and collects electrons in the negative electrode chamber, and a source that supplies electrons that are supplied to the negative electrode chamber and generated by plasma collapse due to amplification of electromagnetic waves emitted from fine particles emitted from the alloy lump. A fuel gas having a plurality of electrons in its atoms, an anode placed in contact with the surface of the polymer ion exchange membrane opposite to the negative electrode chamber, to which electrons from the current collector are sent, and oxygen being brought into contact with the anode. and an exhaust chamber for reacting with hydrogen produced by recombination of protons and electrons supplied from the anode and ejecting the hydrogen as water.

In the present invention, sodium and potassium, which are familiar materials with low ionization energy and are easy to ionize and easily create a prismatic atmosphere, are mainly used, and zinc and active aluminum are added to increase moldability as aids for this reaction, and the amount is 500 to 500. An amplification alloy that amplifies the energy of electromagnetic waves by heating to 600° C. is made, and this is pulverized, granulated, and made into small lumps, so that the position is shifted depending on the flow velocity of the gas to be treated, and the entire surface can be used as a fine particle generation surface. In addition to increasing the durability of the amplification alloy, the contact area with the plasma disrupting feed gases (CO ₂ , O ₂ ) is also significantly increased, resulting in significantly more particulate emission from the surface of the amplification alloy and the The particle density in the plasma space, which is a mixture of metal ions and electrons, increases. In addition, although the carbon material on the walls of the plasma reactor radiates electromagnetic waves with a relatively low frequency even at room temperature, the walls are heated by the oxidation reaction between the supplied gas and the amplification alloy (including fine particles), so the frequency is low. High waves increase, coupled with the amplification effect of fine particles, the supplied gas is plasma-collapsed, separated into protons, neutrons and electrons, and CO ₂ or O ₂ is supplied by blowing up from the bottom of the amplification alloy. CO ₂ can be efficiently detoxified, and electrons separated from O ₂ in the fuel gas can be taken out, and furthermore, if they are recombined with protons, a high-power fuel cell can be formed.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a plasma reactor of the present invention; FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the effect of amplification for increasing the frequency of electromagnetic waves; FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the effect of amplification for increasing the number of photons of electromagnetic waves; It is a relationship graph between frequency and energy of electromagnetic waves generated corresponding to temperature. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for manufacturing an alloy ingot that forms an amplification material; FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between standing waves of electromagnetic waves and quantum numbers; FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the action of the alloy ingot. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a second plasma reactor of the present invention applied to a fuel cell; FIG.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. ₁ shows a first plasma reactor M1 of the present invention, and this device M1 comprises a tubular stainless steel (SUS304) casing ₁ , and a side wall of the casing 1 is covered with a carbon material 2. A conical portion 3 is formed at the bottom of the casing 1 lined, and a flow plate 4 is attached to the upper end of the conical portion 3 to allow gas to pass through but not to solids larger than a certain diameter. An amplifying material 5 for amplifying the energy of the electromagnetic wave inside the casing 1 is held in the casing 1. The amplifying material 5 emits fine particles from its surface, and the fine particles emit electrons due to the electromagnetic waves described later to generate ions and electrons. form a gas mixture (plasma). A CO ₂ inlet 6 is formed at the lower end of the conical portion 3 , and the upper end of the casing 1 is closed with a transparent plate 7 through which sunlight is introduced. A Fresnel lens 8 is installed above the transparent plate 7 , and sunlight is condensed by the Fresnel lens 8 , converted into parallel light, and taken into the casing 1 . The upper part of the side wall of the casing 1 is provided with an outlet 9 through which the processed CO ₂ is discharged, and the lower half of the side wall of the casing 1 is provided with an electric heater 10 that is used supplementarily when heat is insufficient. It is

Next, the amplifying material 5 will be described in detail. The amplification material 5 is
E=nhγ (h: Planck's constant, γ: frequency, n: integer) (1)
There are _two types of amplification ^modes . As shown in FIG. , the electron e ⁻ jumps to the outer orbit (quantum jump), and when it returns to the original orbit, it radiates a high-energy electromagnetic wave γ ₂ with a high frequency (γ) (increase of γ in equation (1)); As shown in FIG. ₃ , when an electromagnetic wave γ3 is incident on an atom, the number of electromagnetic waves (the number of photons) is increased by stimulated emission of electromagnetic waves with the same frequency as this natural frequency (equation (1) increase in n).

In general, when a substance is heated, countless electromagnetic waves with different frequencies are generated from its surface as shown in Fig. 4, and as the temperature rises, the energy (E) at _a certain frequency γa increases. . That is, as the temperature increases, the number of photons (n in equation (1)) at that frequency _γa increases. Even at room temperature (15 to 25° C.), the surface of the carbon material 2 generates electromagnetic waves of countless frequencies, and the number of photons at that time is smaller than at high temperatures. The carbon material 2 is used because it radiates electromagnetic waves even at room temperature, and even if it is oxidized with oxygen of CO ₂ , it only forms CO ₂ and does not form an oxide film. When an oxide film is formed on the surface, electromagnetic waves are not radiated.

In the atomic structure of matter, electrons revolve around the nucleus, and the difference between different substances is the difference between the number of nucleons and the number of electrons in the nucleus. Most substances cause quantum jumps and stimulated emission. Therefore, most substances have the function of an amplifying material and can be used, but those satisfying the following conditions are preferable.

1) In order to form a plasma space composed of ions and electrons of atoms of the amplifying material, the ionization energy is small and many electrons are ionized to form an electron-rich plasma space.

2) It has a relatively low melting point, is easy to form an alloy with other substances, and is easy to pop out as fine particles when its surface is activated by heating.

3) Oxidative reaction with _CO2 at room temperature to generate heat, excite the atoms themselves, and generate electromagnetic waves.

4) Abundant on the earth and easy to obtain.

Alkali metals have low ionization energy, low melting point among them, high activity and easy oxidation reaction with _CO2 . Na and K are abundant on earth, and Mg is the closest substance to this metal. , Ca. Zn, Cu, and Al are preferable as metals added to these main amplifying materials and used as supplementary materials. Na and K metals _alone require caution in handling, so it is preferable to use their hydroxides (NaOH, KOH). These metals are used supplementarily from the standpoint of formability.

A compound of NaOH, Zn and Al is preferable as a specific amplifying material, and these compounds are produced as shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, raw material NaOH powder:Zn powder:Al powder is supplied in a vacuum heating pot 40 at a ratio of 1:1:0.1, and heated and melted at 600.degree. The heating pot 40 is heated by the heater 41 for 5 to 6 hours, stirred by the stirring plate 42 disposed therein, and the inside of the pot is evacuated by the vacuum pump 43, at which time hydrogen is generated. After heating in the heating pot 40 for 5 to 6 hours, the discharge valve 44 is opened, and the molten metal is discharged into the mold 45 and cooled to form an ingot 46 of a predetermined volume. This ingot 46 is placed on a crushing table 48 and finely crushed by a crushing plate 47 to be recovered as small alloy lumps 49 forming an amplification material. This alloy ingot 49 acts as the amplifying material 5 in FIG. The composition of the alloy ingot 49 is
NaOH+Zn+Al→NaZnO.Al ₂ O ₃ (2)
As shown in, it is considered to be a zincic acid/alumina sodium compound, and when CO ₂ is brought into contact with it, it generates heat even at room temperature due to an oxidation reaction (40 to 50 ° C rise), and excites each atom of Na, Zn, and O. The electrons in it are oscillated to radiate electromagnetic waves, which are absorbed by fine particles in the plasma space and radiate high-frequency electromagnetic waves by the above-mentioned stimulated emission and quantum jump. When this electromagnetic wave is absorbed by the carbon material 2 , it causes the electrons at that position to vibrate. Since electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light, the generated electromagnetic waves _are remarkably amplified in a short period of time. , C and O atoms to disintegrate into protons, neutrons and electrons. This is called plasma collapse. In this way _CO2 is reduced even at normal temperature.

Furthermore, electromagnetic waves are generated not only from fine particles undergoing oxidation reaction, but also from the carbon material 2. As shown in FIG. is equal to the inner diameter L of the carbon material 2 . According to Schlesinger's wave equation, when the half wavelength is equal to the inner diameter L, the quantum number is n=1, when one wavelength is equal to the inner diameter L, n=2, and when 1.5 wavelengths are equal to the inner diameter L, n= 3. When the wavelength is L, n=4, and when the wavelength is ^2.5 , n=5, the kinetic energy E is proportional to n2. increases in proportion to the square of . Therefore, the frequency of the electromagnetic waves radiated from the carbon material 2 is lower than microwaves (10 ⁹ to 10 ¹² Hz), and even 10 ⁵ to 10 ⁷ Hz has energy equivalent to 10 ¹⁰ to 10 ¹⁴ Hz if it is a standing wave. Moreover, since the standing wave is amplified (frequency amplification, photon number amplification) by the fine particles of the amplification material, it is possible to break the bond between C and O of CO ₂ and plasma collapse the atomic nucleus of C and O. can be done. In addition, since the _CO2 is sent upward from the _bottom of the device M1 by blowing up the alloy nodules, the positions of the alloy nodules are changed so that the entire surface of the alloy nodules comes into contact with the _CO2 and the contact area is reduced. In addition to increasing the number of fine particles, the surface area of the alloy nodules increases and the _number of fine particles also increases due to the porous formation during compacting. The plasma space is also expanded.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a part of the block-shaped amplifying material 5. The surface of the block 50 is formed with unevenness, and the openings 51, 51, 51 are partially formed. Fine particles 52 , 52 . . . 52 are suspended due to activity. When CO ₂ is supplied, the surfaces of the nodules 50 and the fine particles 52 generate heat due to an oxidation reaction, electrons in them oscillate and emit electromagnetic waves. This electromagnetic wave hits other nodules and particles and is amplified, and this amplified electromagnetic wave splits _CO2 into C and O and causes plasma collapse. Electromagnetic waves are also radiated from the carbon material 2 as standing waves, and these electromagnetic waves are also amplified by particles and microparticles.

Further, as shown in FIG. ₁ , when sunlight is introduced into the plasma reactor M1 and amplified by the amplifying material 5, ultraviolet rays are also included in the sunlight, so that they can be converted into electromagnetic waves of large energy. Thus, the amplifying material 5 itself, the carbon material, and the electromagnetic waves from the sunlight render CO ₂ harmless at room temperature.

Another embodiment will now be described.

As mentioned above, when _CO2 plasma decays, the electrons of C and O atoms are all dissociated from the nucleus, so extracting a large number of these electrons will form a high power fuel cell.

As shown in FIG. 8, a _second plasma reactor M2, which is another embodiment of the present invention, has a frame 60, which includes a cathode chamber 61, in which the above-described Granulated alloy small lumps 62 are filled as an amplifying material, and the side walls of the cathode chamber 61 except for the upper wall, the lower wall and the right side wall are lined with a carbon material 70. From this carbon material 70, electromagnetic waves are emitted even at room temperature. is radiated. In the cathode chamber 61 ^, a current collector 63 (for example, a stainless steel plate) is provided to collect a large number of electrons generated by plasma collapse due to the action of the amplifying material. It is sent to the load 74 to do work. The right side wall of the cathode chamber 61 is composed of one surface of a polymer ion exchange membrane 64, and the opposite surface of this ion exchange membrane 64 is in contact with an anode 66. Protons P ⁺ are supplied to the anode 66 which allows only P ⁺ to pass through.

As the fuel that is sent into the cathode chamber 61 so as to blow up the small alloy _lumps 62 from below, a gas having a large _number of electrons is preferable. is easy to handle. Although the embodiment shows the case where oxygen is used, O ₂ that has not been plasma-collapsed in the cathode chamber 61 is sent to the anode chamber (recombination chamber) 67, which will be described later. The anode 66 is made of, for example, a stainless steel plate, and its left surface is in contact with the polymer ion exchange membrane 64 to receive the protons P ⁺ passing therethrough. On the anode 66, the electrons e ⁻ and protons P ⁺ that have finished their work in the load 64 are recombined to form hydrogen H, which is combined with O ₂ sent into the anode chamber 67 to form water H ₂ O is produced and this water H ₂ O is discharged from the outlet 68 .

Next, the phenomena confirmed in the examples and experiments will be analyzed.
1. Experiment 1) Production of amplifying material NaOH3K, Zn3K, and 200 g of Al plate were mixed and placed in a tray, and the tray was heated on an electric heater for 10 hours or longer. rice field.
2) Experimental method Put 200 g of the above-mentioned lumped amplification material in a stainless steel container (SUS304, inner diameter 8 cm, height 20 cm, thickness 5 mm), evacuate, shake up and down 3 to 4 times to make about 3 L of CO ₂ . Gas was injected into the container. At this time, the pressure increased from -0.1Mpa to +6.1Mpa.
3) Results The inside of the container became -0.1 Mp (vacuum), and about 3 liters of CO ₂ almost disappeared in about 5 minutes. After that, the same experiment was repeated several times, but the vacuum time was slightly extended. However, it did not disappear. During this time, the space inside the vessel increased by 15-20°C.

Furthermore, the same experiment was repeated, but while the pressure decreased toward vacuum (0 Pa to +0.1 MPa), the pressure increased, so the gas was collected at the maximum value (+0.05 MPa) and analyzed by gas chromatography. if you do,
_CO2 19.2%
_H2 4.5%
Met. The composition of the remaining gas is unknown. This phenomenon was observed 3 to 4 times.
2. Investigation 1) If CO ₂ disappears at room temperature, does it react with the amplification material and change to a solid state, is it absorbed by the amplification material, or is it plasma-collapsed and separated into protons, neutrons, and electrons? I think it is one of the following, but the phenomenon that the pressure rises in the middle of extinction after CO ₂ is put into the container to +0.1 Mpa is due to the recombination of protons and electrons in the middle of plasma collapse, generating hydrogen gas. I have no choice but to think of it as something that swells. Therefore, when heating up to 600°C under the same conditions and injecting _CO2 and measuring the _CO2 concentration, we obtained data that _CO2 was 10.3% and H2 was 90%, which is almost the same data _{( CO2} reduction, H2 evolution) can be removed by heating ₍ done several times), so we have to admit that even at room temperature _CO2 is converted to hydrogen.
2) Problems However, if CO ₂ undergoes plasma decay, there are 22 protons, 22 neutrons, and 22 electrons in the container, and the neutrons undergo β decay to become protons. 1 mol of _CO2 injected should become 44 mol of hydrogen. However, at present, only a little over 1 mol has been recovered (however, the mass has increased). However, this is a problem of recombination conditions, and if a large amount of Al is added to the amplifying material, hydrogen may be produced and the pressure may rise sharply. Since no explosion occurs even if they coexist, we have to think that the plasma collapses and these gases are separated into protons, neutrons and electrons.
3) Quantum mechanical grounds for plasma decay at room temperature
(a) Electromagnetic waves have an energy of E = hγ (h: Planck's constant, γ: frequency), and have momentum (P = h/λ). , increases in proportion to the square of the frequency, and in the case of the present invention, the electromagnetic waves radiated from the carbon material include standing waves.

Therefore, even if there is a difference in the degree of plasma collapse that occurs at 600°C, it can be said that it will occur even at room temperature, because it can be said that it simply depends on the degree of amplification of the fine particles of the amplifying material, so it is considered that it can occur sufficiently even at room temperature. .

(b) Examine specifically the degree of amplification.

A graph showing the relationship between the frequency and the energy E when the heating temperature of the carbon material is gradually increased from room temperature to 600° C. is shown in FIG.

C: high speed h: wave number (2π/λ (wavelength))
γ: Frequency (Hz) k: Planck's constant T: Expressed in absolute temperature. At the same frequency (γ _a in Figure 4), the energy E increases as the temperature (T) increases. That is, the number of photons increases by (nhγ).

Now, in order for C to undergo plasma decay, the binding energy per nucleon in the case of C is 7.68 MeV, and converting this to joules,
7.68×1.6×10 ⁻¹⁹ ×10 ⁶ →1.23×10 ⁻¹² J (4)
Then, the nuclear force of the nucleus of C has 12 nucleons, so
1.23×10 ⁻¹² ×12→1.48×10 ⁻¹¹ J (5)
becomes.

In addition, in the case of O, the binding energy per nucleon is 7.98 MeV, and when converted to joules,
7.98×1.6×10 ⁻¹⁹ ×10 ⁶ →1.28×10 ⁻¹² J (6)
Since the nuclear force of the nucleus of O has 16 nucleons,
1.28×10 ⁻¹² ×16→2.05×10 ⁻¹¹ J (7)
(5), (7) The frequency of the electromagnetic wave with the energy of the formula is
For C, γ _c =E _c /h=1.48×10 ⁻¹¹ /6.63×10 ⁻³⁴
≈2.2×10 ²² Hz (8)
For O, γ ₀ =E ₀ /h=2.05×10 ⁻¹¹ /6.63×10 ⁻³⁴
≈3.1×10 ²² Hz (9)
becomes. That is, for C and O, an electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 10 ²³ Hz should be applied to the respective nuclei with photons (n) of 12 and 16 or more.

Since the frequency of the electromagnetic waves radiated from the carbon material at room temperature is 10 ⁵ to 10 ⁷ , even if this is a standing wave, only wave energy of 10 ¹⁰ to 10 ¹⁴ Hz is emitted. However, since the electromagnetic wave reciprocates between the carbon walls at the speed of light, even if the distance between the carbon walls is 1 m, there is a possibility that the particles will be hit 3×10 ⁸ times per second, and the frequency will increase by 10 ⁵ times for a few seconds. Then, frequencies of 10 ¹⁰ to 10 ¹² Hz are generated, and if they are standing waves, they have energy corresponding to 10 ²⁰ to 10 ²⁴ Hz, and plasma collapse can occur.
(C) Heidelberg's uncertainty principle This is the principle that there is a lower limit to the product of the generated energy and the generated time.
ΔE=Δt≧h (eight bar)/2 (10)
Therefore, when calculating the time for the plasma decay energy of C and O to occur,
In the case of C, Δt _c is h (h bar) / 2 ÷ 1.48 × 10 ^-11 J = 3.6 × 10 ^-24 seconds or less,
In the case of O, Δt ₀ is h (h bar)/2÷2.05×10 ⁻¹¹ J=2.6×10 ⁻²⁴ seconds or less.

The present invention can be applied to thermal power plants, incinerators, etc. that emit _CO2 , and other general industrial fields that use fossil fuels.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Casing 2... Carbon material 3... Conical part 4... Flow plate 5... Amplifying material 8... Fresnel lens 60... Frame 61... Cathode chamber 66... Anode

Claims (3)

In a casing that radiates and reflects electromagnetic waves at room temperature, small lumps of alloys produced by heat-treating alkaline metals such as sodium, potassium, or their hydroxides, and zinc, aluminum, or oxides containing these metals are placed. Then, _CO2 is injected into the casing to excite the alloy spherules through an oxidation reaction between the _CO2 and the alloy. , ionize these fine particles themselves and by electromagnetic waves generated on the wall surface of the casing to form a plasma space of metal ions and electrons of the alloy, and in this space, the nuclei of each atom of _CO2 supplied into the casing are converted into plasma. Plasma reaction method to disintegrate into protons, neutrons and electrons. Heat treatment of a casing having walls that radiate and reflect electromagnetic waves at room temperature, and alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, or their hydroxides and zinc, aluminum, or oxides containing these metals filled in the casing. Small alloy lumps granulated as a result, fine particles emitted from the surface of the alloy lumps, and a plasma space generated by ionizing the fine particles into metal ions and electrons by electromagnetic waves generated in the casing. A plasma reactor for causing _CO2 to flow into the casing from below to above said casing. A negative electrode chamber having a wall surface that radiates and reflects electromagnetic waves at room temperature, a polymer ion exchange membrane forming a part of the wall surface of the negative electrode chamber and allowing only protons to pass through, and an alkali metal filled in the negative electrode chamber. An alloy small lump granulated by heat-treating sodium, potassium, or hydroxides thereof and zinc, aluminum, or an oxide containing these metals; and a plurality of electrons in one atom that is supplied to the negative electrode chamber and serves as a supply source of electrons generated by plasma collapse due to the amplification action of the electromagnetic waves of the fine particles emitted from the alloy lump. The fuel gas is placed in contact with the polymer ion exchange membrane on the opposite side of the negative electrode chamber, and an anode to which electrons from the current collector are sent is brought into contact with oxygen, and the oxygen is reacted with hydrogen. A plasma reactor comprising an exhaust chamber in which the hydrogen is exhausted as water and produced by recombination of protons collected at the anode through a polymeric ion exchange membrane and electrons transmitted from the current collector.

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