WO2006038048A1 - Apparatus and method for decomposing water - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for decomposing water Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006038048A1
WO2006038048A1 PCT/HU2005/000108 HU2005000108W WO2006038048A1 WO 2006038048 A1 WO2006038048 A1 WO 2006038048A1 HU 2005000108 W HU2005000108 W HU 2005000108W WO 2006038048 A1 WO2006038048 A1 WO 2006038048A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
chamber
vessel
dust
decomposing
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Application number
PCT/HU2005/000108
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
István ABONYI
Original Assignee
ROSZOL, János
De Chalendar, Philippe
Petro, Kinga
Sipos, Eszter
Thernesz, Vilmos
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Application filed by ROSZOL, János, De Chalendar, Philippe, Petro, Kinga, Sipos, Eszter, Thernesz, Vilmos filed Critical ROSZOL, János
Publication of WO2006038048A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006038048A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications
    • H05B6/806—Apparatus for specific applications for laboratory use
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/10—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/126—Microwaves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
    • C01B13/0203—Preparation of oxygen from inorganic compounds
    • C01B13/0207—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
    • C01B3/045—Decomposition of water in gaseous phase
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00054—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
    • B01J2219/00056—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
    • B01J2219/00065—Pressure measurement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00159—Controlling the temperature controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
    • B01J2219/025—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties characterised by the construction materials of the reactor vessel proper
    • B01J2219/0277—Metal based
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
    • B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
    • B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
    • B01J2219/0809—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes employing two or more electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
    • B01J2219/0877—Liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
    • B01J2219/0892—Materials to be treated involving catalytically active material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for decomposing water, consisting of feeding liquid water into a vessel and decomposing the molecules of water by means of electric energy, as well as to an apparatus for decomposing water, including a vessel and electrodes connected to the poles of a voltage source supplying direct current therein.
  • Methods of water decomposition are for producing hydrogen from water.
  • the simplest way to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen is the so-called electrolysis. This process takes place between electrodes supplied by direct current and 2,8 kWh electric energy is necessary to produce 1 m 3 hydrogen gas of normal state.
  • thermo-chemical decomposition of water steam by way of blue gas reaction as well as a generation process of hydrogen achieved by partial oxidation of methane.
  • Patent application US 2 004 024 072 discloses a device for thermo- chemical decomposition of water steam, wherein a flow of water steam having temperature between 600 and 800 0 C is conducted into a reactor filled with a fluidized finely-ground mixture of CaO and coal powder.
  • Patent application CA 2 289 666 discloses a method of direct thermal water decomposition, wherein a volume of water having a temperature of 80 0 C become transformed to steam in a steam generator, then carrying the steam into a reactor containing a complex compound of silicate-aluminate, preferably zeolit. The reactor should externally be heated to a temperature between 300 and 600 0 C.
  • WO 2004002881 discloses a method for producing hydrogen gas by way of contacting steam with iron or iron oxide contaminated by earth metals, rare-earth metals, rare metals or noble metals on a relatively low temperature.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a hydrolysing or water decomposing method and apparatus, which are more effective and cheaper by far and produce hydrogen gas faster by orders of magnitude than existing methods and apparatuses forming the state of the art.
  • the multistage resonator device developed by the inventor uses a resonator chamber the operation of which is optimized by a feed back mechanism.
  • Basic difference between the hydrolysis according to the state of the art and the water decomposition achieved by a multistage resonator device is that the decomposition of water takes place in liquid state and one step in the case of known methods, but for the method and device of multistage resonator the process passes off by using pre-excited steam, exploiting the accelerating effect of high voltage.
  • the above aim may easily be achieved by the method according to the invention for decomposing water, the method consisting steps of feeding liquid water into a vessel and decomposing the molecules of water by means of electric energy, and creating cold water-dust from said water by microwave atomization, introducing said water-dust into a chamber of a cavity resonator provided by a microwave energy source, exciting water dust by electric microwaves and creating water steam, introducing said steam consisting of high speed molecules into a high voltage catalyst chamber, decomposing said high speed molecules into hydrogen and oxygen ions, introducing said ions between accelerating electrodes connected to the poles of a controlled voltage source supplying direct current with alternate amplitude, trapping said hydrogen ions on the negatively polarized accelerating electrode (cathode) of said voltage source, and trapping said oxygen ions on the positively polarized accelerating electrode (anode) of said voltage source.
  • Said microwave atomization advantageously takes place by means of piezoelectric crystals, and said cold water-dust is filtered by a ceramic filter having a pore size of at most 5 ⁇ m.
  • the pressure of said cold water-dust is measured by pressure sensors, and the chamber of the cavity resonator is formed of a corrosion-resistant metal.
  • a ceramic filter having a pore size of at most 5 ⁇ m preferably filters the steam consisting of high speed molecules.
  • the piezoelectric crystals, the pressure sensors, the microwave energy source and the accelerating electrodes are each connected to a control unit and operated periodically.
  • an apparatus for decomposing water, the device includes a vessel and electrodes connected to the poles of a voltage source supplying direct current therein, and an atomizing chamber is arranged in the vessel, and a conduit entering the vessel from a water source outside the vessel, and sources of ultrasound are placed in the atomizing chamber, and further, a cavity resonator chamber having at least one magnetron is provided in the vessel, and a filter means is arranged between the atomizing chamber and the cavity resonator chamber, and the apparatus is further provided with a catalyst chamber having an opening receiving a catalyst rod, and a second filter means is arranged between the catalyst chamber and the cavity resonator chamber, and the electrodes are placed in open bottomed gas collecting receivers arranged about the catalyst rod adjacent the opening of the catalyst chamber.
  • Said sources of ultrasound are piezoelectric crystals
  • said atomizing chamber is a metal cylinder and the piezoelectric crystals are arranged spaced apart evenly and symmetrically on the cylindrical shell.
  • the atomizing chamber is provided with pressure sensors, and said filter means is a ceramic filter having a pore size of at most 5 ⁇ m.
  • the cavity resonator chamber is made of a corrosion-resistant metal and both its opposite sides are covered by screen grids, and said second filter means is a ceramic filter having a pore size of at most 5 ⁇ m.
  • Said gas collecting receivers are open bottomed glass cylinders connected to gas-issue openings formed on a cover plate of the vessel, and an electrode coating is formed on the inner surfaces thereof.
  • a preferred embodiment of apparatus according to the invention is arranged in a closed vessel 1 having a cylindrical shell showed in the Figure 1.
  • a close-bottomed cylinder 2 made of metal is arranged in the space beneath the lower screen grid 2a.
  • the conduit 5 is further connected to a water injection device operating discontinuously (not shown) and placed outside the vessel 1.
  • a ceramic filter 6 having a pore diameter between 1 and 5 ⁇ m covers the cylinder 2 from above.
  • a baffle means 7 having a form of a conical frustum is arranged between the ceramic filter 6 and the screen grid 2a.
  • a cavity resonator chamber 8 is arranged in the space between the two screen grids 2a, 2b.
  • two pieces of oppositely displaced magnetrons 9 are attached to the shell of the vessel 1.
  • the resonator chamber 8 is blocked up above by the second screen grid 2b.
  • a baffle means 10 having the form of a conical frustum is attached to the screen grid 2b from above.
  • a ceramic filter 11 is arranged, the pore diameter of which is preferably between 0,1 and 0,5 ⁇ m.
  • a catalyst cylinder forming a catalyst chamber 12 having a catalytic coating on its inner surface is fixed on the top of the filter 11 and supported by spacers 13 secured to the shell of the vessel 1.
  • a catalyst rod 15 is immersed into the inner space of the catalyst chamber 12 from the direction of the cover plate 14 of the vessel 1 and it is supported by spacers 16.
  • Spacers 16 are preferably attached to open-bottomed gas collecting receivers 17a, 17b being advantageously glass cylinders fitted to the cover plate 14. In the inside of each glass receivers 17a, 17b unlikely charged accelerating electrodes 18a, 18b are placed, respectively, i.e. electrode 18a is positively charged (anode), the other electrode 18b (cathode) shall be negatively charged.
  • Gas delivery openings 19a, 19b are formed on the cover plate 14 above the respective glass receivers 17a, 17b.
  • the distance between the electrodes 18a, 18b and the catalyst rod 15 as well as the distance between the catalyst rod 15 and the catalyst cylinder 12 is adjustable externally by means of a threaded device (not shown in the Figure).
  • distilled or ion exchanged liquid water may be injected through the conduit 5 in a pulse-type manner into the metal cylinder 2 forming a close-bottomed atomizing chamber 21 arranged in the space beneath the lower screen grid 2a inside the vessel 1. Injection of water takes place discontinuously and pressure sensors 4 will measure the actual pressure created in the atomizing chamber 21.
  • the water fed in the chamber 21 becomes steam in a few ⁇ s due to the action of the ultrasound energy created by piezoelectric crystals 3 arranged spaced apart evenly and symmetrically, oppositely in pairs around the cylindrical shell of the chamber 21.
  • the oscillation of the piezoelectric crystals 3 and the cycles of the water injection may be harmonized by means of a computer (not shown) taking into account the pressure values measured by the pressure sensors 4, too.
  • a ratio between the chordal distance of the crystals 3 and the wave length of the ultrasound created by the crystals 3 is determined in such a manner, that the ultrasound waves interfering in the space of the chamber 21 will be maximally amplified in predetermined points, preferably in the axis of the chamber 21, consequently the acoustical power of the ultrasound will be concentrated in these points or region.
  • the operation of the crystals 3 may be modified by the computer on the base of the pressure values measured by the sensors 4 in such a way, that the ultrasounds created by the crystals 3 will be amplified exactly in the region mentioned above in despite of change of the pressure prevailing in the chamber 21.
  • the cold water dust resulted in this manner may pass through the filter 6 which is a barrier in relation to liquid water on the other hand. Molecules of water become steam in the region of amplification and passing through a filter 6 and the baffle means 7 as well as the screen grid 2a enter the resonator chamber 8.
  • Oppositely displaced magnetrons 9 attached to the periphery of the chamber 8 radiate microwave electromagnetic energy into the inner space of the chamber 8 in a pulsed manner, which is determined by the computer, resulting in an extremely increased speed of the molecules of water.
  • Molecules of water passed through the screen grid 2b covering the resonator chamber 8 may enter the baffle means 10 having a form of conical frustum and the ceramic filter 11 with a pore diameter of 0,1-0,5 ⁇ m, then they reach the cylindrical catalyst chamber 12.
  • the catalyst rod 15 hanging into the catalyst chamber 12 from above and an inner coating of the chamber 12 are connected to the respective poles of a high voltage source of some kVs.
  • the main advantage of the apparatus and method according to the invention is that the speed of the gas generation will be in a range of fifty times higher than that of the conventional hydrolysing methods according to the state of the art, moreover, its efficiency exceeds extremely the efficiency of the conventional hydrolysis accomplished nowadays in industrial scale.

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Abstract

This invention relates to a hydrolysing apparatus and a method for decomposing water. The method comprises steps of feeding water into a vessel (1) of the apparatus, decomposing molecules of the water by means of electric energy in such a way that firstly producing cold water-dust by applying ultrasonic vaporization, conducting said water-dust into the cavity (8) of a cavity resonator and exciting said water-dust by electromagnetic microwaves, resulting in a steam comprising molecules having high velocity and further conducting the latter into an electric field created in a high voltage catalyst chamber (12), wherein the fast-moving water molecules become decomposed into H+ and O2- ions, which are conducted between strippers (18a, 18b) connected to the respective poles of a voltage source delivering controlled direct current of alternate amplitude, then trapping the H+ ions O2- ions in the negative and positive strippers (18a, 18b), respectively.

Description

HYDROLYSiNG APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DECOMPOSING WATER
This invention relates to a method for decomposing water, consisting of feeding liquid water into a vessel and decomposing the molecules of water by means of electric energy, as well as to an apparatus for decomposing water, including a vessel and electrodes connected to the poles of a voltage source supplying direct current therein.
At the beginning of the XXI. century it became clear, that every scientific research intending and able to reveal a clean and endless source of energy has a great importance for the mankind. Research laboratories and universities, governments and vehicle producers are now exploring to find an energy source changing over the fossil fuels.
The attention of the researchers is focused nowadays on the hydrogen gas as a secondary energy agent. Since the two third of the Earth's surface is covered by water, realizing a cost effective and rapid process of water decomposition in industrial scales could obviously involve a widow's cruse of energy.
Methods of water decomposition are for producing hydrogen from water. The simplest way to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen is the so- called electrolysis. This process takes place between electrodes supplied by direct current and 2,8 kWh electric energy is necessary to produce 1 m3 hydrogen gas of normal state. It is also known the thermo-chemical decomposition of water steam by way of blue gas reaction as well as a generation process of hydrogen achieved by partial oxidation of methane.
Patent application US 2 004 024 072 discloses a device for thermo- chemical decomposition of water steam, wherein a flow of water steam having temperature between 600 and 800 0C is conducted into a reactor filled with a fluidized finely-ground mixture of CaO and coal powder. Patent application CA 2 289 666 discloses a method of direct thermal water decomposition, wherein a volume of water having a temperature of 80 0C become transformed to steam in a steam generator, then carrying the steam into a reactor containing a complex compound of silicate-aluminate, preferably zeolit. The reactor should externally be heated to a temperature between 300 and 600 0C.
Published patent application No. WO 2004002881 discloses a method for producing hydrogen gas by way of contacting steam with iron or iron oxide contaminated by earth metals, rare-earth metals, rare metals or noble metals on a relatively low temperature.
While the efficiency of above mentioned blue gas reaction and partial oxidation is low and these methods produce environmentally harmful carbon dioxide, electrolysis is a clean process and its laboratory efficiency is more than 98%, but this efficiency in industrial scale does not reach a range of 75% and having a further disadvantage of being very slow and this is also the case in methods disclosed in above mentioned patents.
Therefore the object of the present invention is to provide a hydrolysing or water decomposing method and apparatus, which are more effective and cheaper by far and produce hydrogen gas faster by orders of magnitude than existing methods and apparatuses forming the state of the art.
We have found that the continuous hydrolysing process known in the art achieved by liquid water should be changed over by a controlled impulse-like method operating along with a non continuous and multiple effect manner, wherein a volume of water-dust will be created from the water and exciting water-dust by electric microwaves, then decomposing excited water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen ions in controlling this multistage feed-back process by a computer. By this method it could be possible to obtain an excellent efficiency and a very high speed of decomposition.
This large increase in speed is due to the use of a phenomenon observed in the nature, namely the ultraharmonic resonance. The multistage resonator device developed by the inventor uses a resonator chamber the operation of which is optimized by a feed back mechanism. Basic difference between the hydrolysis according to the state of the art and the water decomposition achieved by a multistage resonator device is that the decomposition of water takes place in liquid state and one step in the case of known methods, but for the method and device of multistage resonator the process passes off by using pre-excited steam, exploiting the accelerating effect of high voltage. Consequently, the H+ and O' " ions do not "drift" between the electrodes in a liquid braking their movement, but high speed ions deriving from water molecules decomposed by high voltage " fly" towards the respective electrode, where they combine diatomic gas. The above aim may easily be achieved by the method according to the invention for decomposing water, the method consisting steps of feeding liquid water into a vessel and decomposing the molecules of water by means of electric energy, and creating cold water-dust from said water by microwave atomization, introducing said water-dust into a chamber of a cavity resonator provided by a microwave energy source, exciting water dust by electric microwaves and creating water steam, introducing said steam consisting of high speed molecules into a high voltage catalyst chamber, decomposing said high speed molecules into hydrogen and oxygen ions, introducing said ions between accelerating electrodes connected to the poles of a controlled voltage source supplying direct current with alternate amplitude, trapping said hydrogen ions on the negatively polarized accelerating electrode (cathode) of said voltage source, and trapping said oxygen ions on the positively polarized accelerating electrode (anode) of said voltage source.
Said microwave atomization advantageously takes place by means of piezoelectric crystals, and said cold water-dust is filtered by a ceramic filter having a pore size of at most 5 μm. The pressure of said cold water-dust is measured by pressure sensors, and the chamber of the cavity resonator is formed of a corrosion-resistant metal.
A ceramic filter having a pore size of at most 5 μm preferably filters the steam consisting of high speed molecules. - A -
The piezoelectric crystals, the pressure sensors, the microwave energy source and the accelerating electrodes are each connected to a control unit and operated periodically.
Furthermore, an apparatus is provided for decomposing water, the device includes a vessel and electrodes connected to the poles of a voltage source supplying direct current therein, and an atomizing chamber is arranged in the vessel, and a conduit entering the vessel from a water source outside the vessel, and sources of ultrasound are placed in the atomizing chamber, and further, a cavity resonator chamber having at least one magnetron is provided in the vessel, and a filter means is arranged between the atomizing chamber and the cavity resonator chamber, and the apparatus is further provided with a catalyst chamber having an opening receiving a catalyst rod, and a second filter means is arranged between the catalyst chamber and the cavity resonator chamber, and the electrodes are placed in open bottomed gas collecting receivers arranged about the catalyst rod adjacent the opening of the catalyst chamber.
Said sources of ultrasound are piezoelectric crystals, and said atomizing chamber is a metal cylinder and the piezoelectric crystals are arranged spaced apart evenly and symmetrically on the cylindrical shell. The atomizing chamber is provided with pressure sensors, and said filter means is a ceramic filter having a pore size of at most 5 μm.
The cavity resonator chamber is made of a corrosion-resistant metal and both its opposite sides are covered by screen grids, and said second filter means is a ceramic filter having a pore size of at most 5 μm. Said gas collecting receivers are open bottomed glass cylinders connected to gas-issue openings formed on a cover plate of the vessel, and an electrode coating is formed on the inner surfaces thereof.
The piezoelectric crystals, the pressure sensors, the microwave energy source and the accelerating electrodes are each connected to a control unit. The invention will now be described in details by way of attached drawing. On the drawing Figure 1. shows the inner structure of the apparatus according to the invention.
A preferred embodiment of apparatus according to the invention is arranged in a closed vessel 1 having a cylindrical shell showed in the Figure 1. A lower and an upper microwave screen grid 2a, 2b into three compartments each placed in the whole cross section of the vessel 1, divide the inner space of the vessel 1. In this preferred embodiment, a close-bottomed cylinder 2 made of metal is arranged in the space beneath the lower screen grid 2a. On the cylindrical shell of the cylinder 2 there are four piezoelectric crystals 3 and eight pressure sensors 4 spaced apart evenly along the periphery. Adjacent the bottom of the cylinder 2 a water inlet conduit 5 entered from outside the vessel 1 is connected to the cylinder 2. The conduit 5 is further connected to a water injection device operating discontinuously (not shown) and placed outside the vessel 1. A ceramic filter 6 having a pore diameter between 1 and 5 μm covers the cylinder 2 from above. Advantageously, a baffle means 7 having a form of a conical frustum is arranged between the ceramic filter 6 and the screen grid 2a.
As it is shown on the Figure, a cavity resonator chamber 8 is arranged in the space between the two screen grids 2a, 2b. On the periphery of the chamber 8 two pieces of oppositely displaced magnetrons 9 are attached to the shell of the vessel 1. The resonator chamber 8 is blocked up above by the second screen grid 2b. A baffle means 10 having the form of a conical frustum is attached to the screen grid 2b from above. On the top of the baffle means 10 a ceramic filter 11 is arranged, the pore diameter of which is preferably between 0,1 and 0,5 μm. A catalyst cylinder forming a catalyst chamber 12 having a catalytic coating on its inner surface is fixed on the top of the filter 11 and supported by spacers 13 secured to the shell of the vessel 1. A catalyst rod 15 is immersed into the inner space of the catalyst chamber 12 from the direction of the cover plate 14 of the vessel 1 and it is supported by spacers 16. Spacers 16 are preferably attached to open-bottomed gas collecting receivers 17a, 17b being advantageously glass cylinders fitted to the cover plate 14. In the inside of each glass receivers 17a, 17b unlikely charged accelerating electrodes 18a, 18b are placed, respectively, i.e. electrode 18a is positively charged (anode), the other electrode 18b (cathode) shall be negatively charged. Gas delivery openings 19a, 19b are formed on the cover plate 14 above the respective glass receivers 17a, 17b. The distance between the electrodes 18a, 18b and the catalyst rod 15 as well as the distance between the catalyst rod 15 and the catalyst cylinder 12 is adjustable externally by means of a threaded device (not shown in the Figure).
In a first step of the operation of the apparatus shown in the Figure distilled or ion exchanged liquid water may be injected through the conduit 5 in a pulse-type manner into the metal cylinder 2 forming a close-bottomed atomizing chamber 21 arranged in the space beneath the lower screen grid 2a inside the vessel 1. Injection of water takes place discontinuously and pressure sensors 4 will measure the actual pressure created in the atomizing chamber 21. The water fed in the chamber 21 becomes steam in a few μs due to the action of the ultrasound energy created by piezoelectric crystals 3 arranged spaced apart evenly and symmetrically, oppositely in pairs around the cylindrical shell of the chamber 21. The oscillation of the piezoelectric crystals 3 and the cycles of the water injection may be harmonized by means of a computer (not shown) taking into account the pressure values measured by the pressure sensors 4, too. A ratio between the chordal distance of the crystals 3 and the wave length of the ultrasound created by the crystals 3 is determined in such a manner, that the ultrasound waves interfering in the space of the chamber 21 will be maximally amplified in predetermined points, preferably in the axis of the chamber 21, consequently the acoustical power of the ultrasound will be concentrated in these points or region. The operation of the crystals 3 may be modified by the computer on the base of the pressure values measured by the sensors 4 in such a way, that the ultrasounds created by the crystals 3 will be amplified exactly in the region mentioned above in despite of change of the pressure prevailing in the chamber 21. The cold water dust resulted in this manner may pass through the filter 6 which is a barrier in relation to liquid water on the other hand. Molecules of water become steam in the region of amplification and passing through a filter 6 and the baffle means 7 as well as the screen grid 2a enter the resonator chamber 8.
Oppositely displaced magnetrons 9 attached to the periphery of the chamber 8 radiate microwave electromagnetic energy into the inner space of the chamber 8 in a pulsed manner, which is determined by the computer, resulting in an extremely increased speed of the molecules of water.
Molecules of water passed through the screen grid 2b covering the resonator chamber 8 may enter the baffle means 10 having a form of conical frustum and the ceramic filter 11 with a pore diameter of 0,1-0,5 μm, then they reach the cylindrical catalyst chamber 12. The catalyst rod 15 hanging into the catalyst chamber 12 from above and an inner coating of the chamber 12 are connected to the respective poles of a high voltage source of some kVs. Molecules of water moving with a high speed will decompose into H+ and O2' ions due to the high voltage, and these ions will be streaming from the catalyst cylinder 12 towards the respective open-bottomed gas collecting receivers 17a, 17b made of glass containing accelerating electrodes 18a, 18b and coatings 18c, 18d formed on the surface of the glass receivers 17a, 17b, since these electrodes 18a, 18b and coatings 18c, 18d are oppositely polarized and fed by direct current having an alternating amplitude. Therefore, H+ ions will be trapped on the cathode (i.e. electrode 18a) and O2' ions on the anode (i.e. electrode 18b), indeed, that is they accept or emit an electron, respectively. Thus each glass receiver 17a, 17b will contain H2 or O2 gas. These gases may be delivered through the gas-issue openings 19a, 19b formed on the cover plate 14 of the vessel 1.
The main advantage of the apparatus and method according to the invention is that the speed of the gas generation will be in a range of fifty times higher than that of the conventional hydrolysing methods according to the state of the art, moreover, its efficiency exceeds extremely the efficiency of the conventional hydrolysis accomplished nowadays in industrial scale.

Claims

Claims
1. A method for decomposing water, consisting of feeding liquid water into a vessel and decomposing the molecules of water by means of electric energy, characterised by consisting of further steps of
- creating cold water-dust from said water by microwave atomization,
- introducing said water-dust into a chamber of a cavity resonator provided by a microwave energy source,
- exciting water dust by electric microwaves and creating water steam, - introducing said steam consisting of high speed molecules into a high voltage catalyst chamber,
- decomposing said high speed molecules into hydrogen and oxygen ions,
- introducing said ions between accelerating electrodes connected to the poles of a controlled voltage source supplying direct current with alternate amplitude,
- trapping said hydrogen ions on the negatively polarized accelerating electrode (cathode) of said voltage source, and
- trapping said oxygen ions on the positively polarized accelerating electrode (anode) of said voltage source.
2. A method according to claim 1., characterised in that said microwave atomization takes place by means of piezoelectric crystals.
3. A method according to claim 2., characterised in that said cold water-dust is filtered by a ceramic filter having a pore size of at most 5 μm.
4. A method according to claim 3., characterised in that the pressure of said cold water-dust is measured by pressure sensors.
5. A method according to claim 4., characterised in that the chamber of the cavity resonator is formed of a corrosion-resistant metal.
6. A method according to claim 5., characterised in that the said steam consisting of high speed molecules is filtered by a ceramic filter having a pore size of at most 5 μm.
7. A method according to any preceding claim characterised in that the piezoelectric crystals, the pressure sensors, the microwave energy source and the accelerating electrodes are each connected to a control unit and operated periodically.
8. An apparatus for decomposing water, including a vessel and electrodes connected to the poles of a voltage source supplying direct current therein, characterised in that an atomizing chamber (21) is arranged in the vessel (1), and a conduit (5) entering the vessel (1) from a water source outside the vessel (1), and sources of ultrasound are placed in the atomizing chamber (21), and further, a cavity resonator chamber (8) having at least one magnetron (9) is provided in the vessel (1), and a filter means (6) is arranged between the atomizing chamber (21) and the cavity resonator chamber (8), and the apparatus is further provided with a catalyst chamber (12) having an opening (20) receiving a catalyst rod (15), and a second filter means (11) is arranged between the catalyst chamber (12) and the cavity resonator chamber (8), and the electrodes (18a, 18b) are placed in open bottomed gas collecting receivers (17a, 17b) arranged about the catalyst rod (15) adjacent the opening (20) of the catalyst chamber (12).
9. Apparatus according to the claim 8., characterised in that said sources of ultrasound are piezoelectric crystals (3).
10. Apparatus according to the claim 9., characterised in that said atomizing chamber (21) is a metal cylinder and the piezoelectric crystals (3) are arranged spaced apart evenly and symmetrically on the cylindrical shell.
11. Apparatus according to the claim 10., characterised in that said atomizing chamber (21) is provided with pressure sensors (4).
12. Apparatus according to any claim of 8. - 11. , characterised in that said filter means (6) is a ceramic filter having a pore size of at most 5 μm.
13. Apparatus according to the claim 12., characterised in that said cavity resonator chamber (8) is made of a corrosion-resistant metal and both its opposite sides are covered by screen grids (2a, 2b).
14. Apparatus according to the claim 13., characterised in that said second filter means (11) is a ceramic filter having a pore size of at most 5 μm.
15. Apparatus according to the claim 14., characterised in that said gas collecting receivers (17a, 17b) are open bottomed glass cylinders connected to gas-issue openings (19a, 19b) formed on a cover plate (14) of the vessel (1), and an electrode coating (18c, 18d) is formed on the inner surfaces thereof.
16. Apparatus according to the claim 15., characterised in that said piezoelectric crystals, the pressure sensors, the microwave energy source and the accelerating electrodes are each connected to a control unit.
PCT/HU2005/000108 2004-10-06 2005-10-06 Apparatus and method for decomposing water WO2006038048A1 (en)

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WO2008148504A2 (en) 2007-06-04 2008-12-11 Conpower Energieanlagen Gmbh & Co Kg Method for the isolation of hydrogen by means of a dissociation process, and dissociating apparatus
ES2317728A1 (en) * 2006-04-19 2009-04-16 Antonio Victor De La Vega Montero Method of obtaining hydrogen by water dissociation (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
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ITMI20091249A1 (en) * 2009-07-14 2011-01-15 Maurizio Egidio Brioschi APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN GASEOUS AND ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEM USING THE APPARATUS
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Cited By (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2317728A1 (en) * 2006-04-19 2009-04-16 Antonio Victor De La Vega Montero Method of obtaining hydrogen by water dissociation (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
WO2008064002A3 (en) * 2006-11-13 2009-09-24 Kc Energy Llc Rf systems and methods for processing salt water
AU2007323906B2 (en) * 2006-11-13 2012-06-28 Kc Energy Llc RF systems and methods for processing salt water
WO2008148504A2 (en) 2007-06-04 2008-12-11 Conpower Energieanlagen Gmbh & Co Kg Method for the isolation of hydrogen by means of a dissociation process, and dissociating apparatus
WO2008148504A3 (en) * 2007-06-04 2009-03-12 Conpower Energieanlagen Gmbh & Method for the isolation of hydrogen by means of a dissociation process, and dissociating apparatus
ITMI20091249A1 (en) * 2009-07-14 2011-01-15 Maurizio Egidio Brioschi APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN GASEOUS AND ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEM USING THE APPARATUS
WO2011006749A1 (en) * 2009-07-14 2011-01-20 Sonolis S.R.L. Apparatus for producing gaseous hydrogen and energy generation system utilising such apparatus
EP2907787A1 (en) * 2014-02-17 2015-08-19 Ewald Rautenberg Device for large scale production of hydrogen
CN106586953A (en) * 2016-11-28 2017-04-26 武汉武钢工程技术生产力促进中心有限责任公司 Device for decomposition of water with addition of ironmaking hot-blast stove thermal force with microwaves
FR3132296A1 (en) * 2022-01-28 2023-08-04 Pierre Lecanu Hydrogen generator by excitation of micro-droplets of water

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