JP2022154393A - Elevator, speed governor, and counterweight - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an elevator capable of imparting a necessary weight to a rope even during an emergency operation in which the inside of a hoistway is flooded.SOLUTION: An elevator comprises: a car that travels vertically; a tensioning device that is suspended on a rope in order to apply tension to the rope; a water level detector that detects that the water level in the hoistway reaches a specified level; and a processing unit that sets the car in a normal operation mode when the water level detection unit does not detect the water level, and sets the car in an emergency operation mode when the water level detection unit detects the water level. The mass of the tensioning device is the mass that can apply a required weight to the rope even during the emergency operation.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

This application relates to elevators, governors and counterweights.

Conventionally, for example, an elevator includes a car and a water level detection unit that detects when the water level in the hoistway reaches a predetermined height, and a processing unit that controls the running of the car (see, for example, Patent Document 1 ). When the water level detection unit detects the water level, the processing unit switches from normal operation to emergency operation in which the car can travel in a range higher than the reference height.

The elevator also includes a tensioning device suspended from the rope for tensioning the rope. Examples of the tension applying device include a balance weight suspended from the cage rope to apply tension to the cage rope, and a pulley device suspended from the governor rope to apply tension to the governor rope.

By the way, the tensioning device tensions the rope by its own weight. Therefore, if the hoistway is flooded and the tensioning device is submerged, buoyancy acts on the tensioning device, so that the proper weight of the tensioning device cannot be applied to the rope, and the necessary tension may not be applied to the rope. There is As a result, the car cannot be allowed to run with the tensioning device submerged or likely to be submerged.

JP-A-51-102852

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an elevator, a speed governor and a counterweight that can apply an appropriate weight to a rope even during emergency operation when the inside of the hoistway is flooded.

ここで、ｍ_１は、前記ガバナ車の質量であり、ｍ_２は、前記張り車の質量であり、ｍ_ａは、前記ガバナロープのうち、前記かごと接続される部分から前記ガバナ車までの第１ロープ部の質量であり、ｋ_ａは、前記第１ロープ部のバネ定数であり、ｍ_ｂは、前記ガバナロープのうち、前記ガバナ車から前記張り車までの第２ロープ部の質量であり、ｋ_ｂは、前記第２ロープ部のバネ定数であり、ｍ_ｃは、前記ガバナロープのうち、前記かごと接続される部分から前記張り車までの第３ロープ部の質量であり、ｋ_ｃは、前記第３ロープ部のバネ定数であり、α_１は、前記かごの正常運転時の加速度であり、α_２は、前記かごの非常運転時の加速度であり、ｇは、重力加速度である。 An elevator includes a car that travels in the vertical direction, a speed governor that detects the speed of the car, a water level detector that detects when the water level in the hoistway reaches a predetermined water level, and the water level detector that detects the water level. a processing unit that causes the car to run normally when the water level is not detected, and causes the car to run in an emergency mode when the water level detection unit detects the water level; an endless ring-shaped governor rope connected to , a governor wheel around which the governor rope is wound in order to detect the speed of the car, and a tension wheel device suspended on the governor rope in order to apply tension to the governor rope , wherein the tension wheel device includes a tension wheel around which the governor rope is wound and a weight connected to the tension wheel, and the mass of the tension wheel device satisfies the following two equations.

Here, _m1 is the mass of the governor wheel, _m2 is the mass of the tension wheel, and _ma is the length of the governor rope from the portion connected to the car to the governor wheel. 1 is the mass of the rope portion, _ka is the spring constant of the first rope portion, and _mb is the mass of the second rope portion of the governor rope from the governor wheel to the tension wheel, _kb is the spring constant of the second rope portion, _mc is the mass of the third rope portion of the governor rope from the portion connected to the car to the tension pulley, and _kc is is the spring constant of the _third rope portion, _α1 is the acceleration during normal operation of the car, α2 is the acceleration during emergency operation of the car, and g is the gravitational acceleration.

In an elevator, the mass of the pulley device may further satisfy the following two equations.

をさらに満たし、(張り車装置の正常運転時の最適最小質量Ｍ_ｍ１)＜(張り車装置の非常運転時の最適最小質量Ｍ_ｍ２)である場合に、

をさらに満たす、という構成でもよい。
ここで、張り車装置の正常運転時の最適最小質量Ｍ_ｍ１及び張り車装置の非常運転時の最適最小質量Ｍ_ｍ２は、それぞれ以下の式である。

In an elevator, when the mass of the pulley device satisfies (optimum minimum mass M _m1 during normal operation of the pulley device)≧(optimum minimum mass M _m2 during emergency operation of the pulley device),

and (optimal minimum mass M _m1 during normal operation of the pulley device) < (optimum minimum mass M _m2 during emergency operation of the pulley device),

may be further satisfied.
Here, the optimum minimum mass _{Mm1 during normal operation of the pulley device and the optimum minimum mass Mm2 during} emergency operation of the pulley device are represented by the following equations.

Also, the elevator includes a vertically traveling car, a car rope connected to the car, and a balance weight suspended and connected to the car rope for applying tension to the car rope. a water level detection unit for detecting that the water level in the hoistway reaches a predetermined water level; and when the water level detection unit does not detect the water level, the car is brought into normal operation, and the water level detection unit detects the water level. and a processing unit that causes the car to run in an emergency mode when the car is in emergency operation, and the mass of the balance weight satisfies the following formula.

Also, the speed governor is used in the elevator.

Also, counterweights are used in the elevators described above.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an elevator according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 is an overall front view of the balance weight according to the same embodiment. FIG. 3 is an overall view of the tension pulley device according to the embodiment, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is a front view showing a state in which the cover body is removed. FIG. 4 is an overall view of the tension pulley device according to the embodiment, in which (a) is a side view and (b) is a side view showing a state in which the cover body is removed. FIG. 5 is an overall view of the tension pulley device according to the embodiment, wherein (a) is a plan view and (b) is a plan view showing a state in which the cover body is removed. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the position of the tension pulley device according to the embodiment. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a speed governor according to the same embodiment. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between time and the position of the tension pulley device according to the embodiment.

An embodiment of an elevator will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8. FIG. In each drawing, the dimensional ratio of the drawing and the actual dimensional ratio do not necessarily match, and the dimensional ratio between the drawings does not necessarily match.

As shown in FIG. 1, an elevator 1 includes, for example, a car 2 for people to ride on, a car rope 3 connected to the car 2, a counterweight 4 connected to the car rope 3, and a car rope 3. A hoist 5 that drives the car 2 to run may also be provided. Further, the elevator 1 controls, for example, a car rail 6 that guides the car 2, a weight rail 7 that guides the counterweight 4, a speed governor 8 that detects the running speed of the car 2, and each part of the elevator 1. The processing unit 9 may be provided.

In the elevator 1 according to the present embodiment, the hoisting machine 5 is arranged in the hoistway X1, but the configuration is not limited to this. For example, the hoist 5 may be arranged inside a machine room provided above the hoistway X1.

In this embodiment, both ends of the car rope 3 are fixed to the upper part or the lower part of the hoistway X1, respectively, and the car rope 3 is wound around the sheave 2a of the car 2 and the sheave 4a of the counterweight 4, respectively. , the cage rope 3 is connected to the cage 2 and the counterweight 4, respectively, but the construction is not limited thereto. For example, one end of the cage rope 3 is fixed to the cage 2 and the other end of the cage rope 3 is fixed to the counterweight 4 .

The hoisting machine 5 may include, for example, a sheave 5a around which the cage rope 3 is wound, a drive source 5b for rotating the sheave 5a, and a braking unit 5c for braking the sheave 5a. Further, the car 2 may include, for example, a stop portion 2b that stops the car 2 by sandwiching the car rails 6, and a transmission portion 2c that transmits the operation of the speed governor 8 to the stop portion 2b.

The speed governor 8 includes an endless annular governor rope 20 connected to the car 2, a rotatable governor wheel 21 around which the governor rope 20 is wound in order to detect the speed of the car 2, and tension to the governor rope 20. For this purpose, a tension pulley device 22 suspended from the governor rope 20 is provided. The governor rope 20 includes, for example, a rope connection portion 23 connected to the transmission portion 2c of the car 2, and a string-like rope body 24 having each end connected to the rope connection portion 23 so as to form a loop. may

Further, the speed governor 8 may include, for example, a guide portion 8a that guides the pulley device 22 and a gripping portion 8b that grips the governor rope 20 . Then, for example, when the speed of the car 2 exceeds the set speed, the gripping portion 8b grips the governor rope 20, and the travel of the governor rope 20 is stopped, whereby the stopping portion 2b of the car 2 is activated. may be configured.

Further, the elevator 1 includes, for example, a first water level detection unit 10 that detects when the water level in the hoistway X1 reaches a first water height, and a second It is preferable to include a second water level detector 11 for detecting reaching the water level. The configuration of each water level detection unit 10, 11 is not particularly limited as long as it can detect the water level in the hoistway X1. A sensor may be used.

The processing unit 9 may control travel of the car 2 by controlling the hoist 5, for example. The processing unit 9 may include, for example, a circuit for soft sequence (for example, program control by a programmable logic controller), or, for example, a circuit for hard sequence (actual wiring control by a contact device such as a relay). may be provided.

The processing unit 9 may control traveling of the car 2 based on the detections of the water level detection units 10 and 11, for example. Specifically, for example, when the first and second water level detection units 10 and 11 do not detect the water level, the processing unit 9 performs normal operation, and only the second water level detection unit 11 detects the water level. In such a case, emergency operation is performed, and when the first water level detector 10 also detects the water level, the running of the car 2 may be stopped.

Here, an example of control of the processing unit 9 will be described. Note that the control of the processing unit 9 is not limited to the following description.

<Normal operation>
When the second water level detection unit 11 does not detect the water level, that is, when water does not flow into the hoistway X1, the processing unit 9 operates normally. At this time, the processing unit 9 controls the running of the car 2 based on the information input to the operating panel (for example, the hall operating panel arranged at the hall, the car operating panel arranged in the car 2, etc.). . The travel range of normal operation is the range from the lowest floor to the highest floor.

<Emergency operation>
In an emergency when water flows into the hoistway X1, the water level reaches the second water level, and the second water level detection part 11 detects the water level, the processing part 9 performs emergency operation. In emergency operation, the processing unit 9 enables the car 2 to travel in an emergency travel range higher than the first water height. For example, the travel range for emergency operation can be a range from floors higher than the first water level to the highest floor.

It is preferable that the processing unit 9 makes the maximum speed of the car 2 during emergency operation lower than the maximum speed of the car 2 during normal operation. Although not particularly limited, for example, the maximum speed of the car 2 during emergency operation may be 50% or less of the maximum speed of the car 2 during normal operation.

Further, it is preferable that the processing unit 9, for example, make the maximum acceleration of the car 2 during emergency operation slower than the maximum acceleration of the car 2 during normal operation. The processing unit 9 may be configured, for example, to set the maximum acceleration of the car 2 during emergency operation to be the same as the maximum acceleration of the car 2 during normal operation.

Further, when the second water level detection unit 11 detects the water level, the processing unit 9 may, for example, stop the running car 2 at the nearest floor to suspend the running of the car 2 . The processing unit 9 may be configured to enable emergency operation when an instruction to permit travel is input to an input unit (for example, a select switch, etc.) manually operated. Alternatively, the processing unit 9 may be configured to automatically switch from normal operation to emergency operation when the second water level detection unit 11 detects the water level.

<Stop driving>
In the unlikely event that water further flows into the hoistway X1, the interior of the hoistway X1 is flooded, the water level reaches the first water height, and the first water level detection unit 10 detects the water level, the processing unit 9 For example, the running car 2 is stopped at the nearest floor, and the running of the car 2 is stopped. As a result, when the inside of the hoistway X1 is flooded, it is possible to prevent the car 2 from entering the water. Thus, the car 2 can be run until the water level in the hoistway X1 reaches the first water height.

In this specification, the term "stop" refers to, for example, stopping the car 2 while it is running, and the term "pause" refers to, for example, stopping the car 2 even if information is input to the control panel. does not run. When the running of the car 2 is suspended, even if the emergency state is resolved, the car 2 is not automatically restored. A configuration in which it becomes possible again is also possible.

By the way, the first water height is higher than the lowest position of the counterweight 4 that can move in the vertical direction D3. That is, the first water height is higher than the position of the counterweight 4 when the car 2 stops at the top floor. Also, the first water height is higher than the lowest position of the pulley device 22 that can move in the vertical direction D3.

As a result, during emergency operation, the counterweight 4 is submerged in water depending on the position, and the pulley device 22 is submerged in water. Therefore, the counterweight 4 and the pulley device 22 are configured so as to be able to cope with submerged conditions. In addition, since the counterweight 4 and the tension wheel device 22 are devices suspended from the ropes 3 and 20 in order to apply tension to the ropes 3 and 20, they are also referred to as tension applying devices.

Although not particularly limited, the first water height is preferably lower than the height of the hoist 5, for example. Also, the second water height may be higher than the lowest position of the counterweight 4, for example, or lower than the lowest position of the counterweight 4, for example. Also, the second water height may be higher than the lowest position of the pulley device 22, for example, or lower than the lowest position of the pulley device 22, for example.

Here, the configuration of the counterweight 4 will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2, the counterweight 4 includes, for example, a weight guide portion 4b guided by a weight rail 7 (see FIG. 1), a weight body portion 4c to which the sheave 4a and the weight guide portion 4b are fixed, A weight body 4d fixed to the weight body portion 4c may be provided. Although not particularly limited, the weight 4d may include, for example, a plurality of weight pieces 4e stacked in the vertical direction D3 as in the present embodiment, or may be integrally formed, for example. .

By the way, the mass of the counterweight 4 (the unit is kg, the same shall apply hereinafter) is adjusted by the mass of the weight 4d. Even when the elevator 1 is in emergency operation and the counterweight 4 is submerged, it is necessary to apply the appropriate weight of the counterweight 4 to the car rope 3 . Therefore, the mass of the counterweight 4 preferably satisfies the following formula (1). The unit of volume is m ³ (same below), and the unit of specific gravity is kg/m ³ (same below).

As a result, even when the counterweight 4 is submerged and buoyant force acts on the counterweight 4, the weight of the counterweight 4 applied to the cage rope 3 can be sufficiently ensured. Therefore, even when the hoistway X1 is flooded, the proper weight of the counterweight 4 can be applied to the car rope 3, and the proper tension is applied to the car rope 3.

The standard mass of the counterweight 4 is a proper mass during normal operation. For example, the maximum driving force required by the drive source 5b is proportional to the maximum difference between the total mass of the car 2 including the internal load mass and the mass of the counterweight 4. Accordingly, it is preferable to reduce the maximum difference between the total mass of the car 2 and the mass of the counterweight 4 in order to reduce the maximum driving force of the drive source 5b. Therefore, the mass of the counterweight 4 is preferably the same as the total mass of the car 2, whose payload is 50% of the maximum payload.

On the other hand, the energy consumption (power consumption) for driving the drive source 5 b is proportional to the difference between the total mass of the car 2 and the mass of the counterweight 4 . Accordingly, in order to reduce the energy consumption of the drive source 5b, it is preferable to reduce the difference between the total mass of the car 2 and the mass of the counterweight 4 which are normally used. The load mass of the car 2 is almost never the maximum load mass.

Therefore, from the viewpoint of the maximum driving force and energy consumption of the driving source 5b, the standard mass of the counterweight 4 preferably satisfies the following formula (2).

From the above formulas (1) and (2), the mass of the counterweight 4 preferably satisfies the following formula (3).

Although not particularly limited, the mass of the counterweight 4 preferably further satisfies the following formula (4).

Next, the configuration of the pulley device 22 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 7. FIG.

As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the pulley device 22 includes a rotatable pulley 25 around which the governor rope 20 is wound, and a weight 26 connected to the pulley 25 . Further, the tension wheel device 22 includes, for example, the weight connecting portion 27 that connects the tension wheel 25 and the weight body 26, the guided portion 28 that is guided by the guide portion 8a, and the tension wheel 25 as in the present embodiment. It may be provided with a cover body 29 that covers the .

For example, the tension wheel 25 may include a shaft portion 25a and a concave outer peripheral portion 25b around which the governor rope 20 is wound, as in the present embodiment. Further, for example, as in the present embodiment, the weight 26 has an arc-shaped concave portion 26a on the upper surface thereof, and the concave portion 26a of the weight 26 is arranged along the outer peripheral portion 25b of the tension wheel 25. The configuration may be such that it is provided. The weight body 26 may be formed integrally as in the present embodiment, or may include a plurality of weight pieces stacked in the vertical direction D3, for example.

For example, as in the present embodiment, the weight connecting portion 27 includes a plate member 27a extending from the tension wheel 25 to the weight body 26, a fixture 27b for fixing the plate member 27a and the weight body 26, and a shaft portion 25a of the tension wheel 25. and a shaft support member 27c that rotatably supports the . Further, for example, as in the present embodiment, the guided portion 28 includes a pair of plate members 28a, 28a extending in the vertical direction D3, and the plate-shaped guide portion 8a is inserted between the pair of plate members 28a, 28a. Accordingly, the guided portion 28 may be configured to be guided by the guide portion 8a.

For example, as in the present embodiment, the cover body 29 includes a pair of first lateral cover portions 29a, 29a covering the tension wheel 25 from the first lateral direction D1, which is the axial direction of the tension wheel 25, and a pair of first lateral cover portions 29a, 29a. A pair of second lateral cover portions 29b, 29b covering the tension wheel 25 from the second lateral direction D2 orthogonal to the . Further, it is preferable that the weight 26 covers the tension wheel 25 from below.

As a result, when the pulley device 22 is submerged, it is possible to prevent foreign matter from moving in the water and entering the pulley 25 . 25 can be prevented from rotating smoothly. Therefore, for example, the occurrence of troubles (for example, troubles in which the speed governor 8 cannot properly detect the speed of the car 2, troubles in which the stopping part 2b of the car 2 is activated and the car 2 stops, etc.) are suppressed. be able to.

Note that the first horizontal cover portion 29a is disposed across the tension wheel 25 and the weight 26 as viewed in the first lateral direction D1 in order to cover the gap between the tension wheel 25 and the weight 26, for example. is preferred. In addition, the second horizontal cover portion 29b is disposed across the tension wheel 25 and the weight 26 in the second lateral direction D2 view in order to cover the gap between the tension wheel 25 and the weight 26, for example. is preferred.

By the way, the mass of the tension wheel device 22 is adjusted by the mass of the weight 26 . Even when the elevator 1 is in emergency operation and the pulley device 22 is submerged in water, it is necessary to give the appropriate weight of the pulley device 22 to the governor rope 20.例文帳に追加Therefore, the mass of the pulley device 22 preferably satisfies the following formulas (5.1) and (5.2).

As a result, an appropriate weight of the pulley device 22 can be applied to the governor rope 20 during normal operation. Moreover, even when the pulley device 22 is submerged and buoyancy acts on the pulley device 22, the weight of the pulley device 22 can be sufficiently ensured. Therefore, even during emergency operation when the hoistway X1 is flooded, the proper weight of the tension pulley device 22 can be applied to the governor rope 20, so that the governor rope 20 is properly tensioned.

The standard masses M ₁ and M ₂ of the pulley device 22 are appropriate masses when the pulley device 22 is not buoyant. In order for the speed governor 8 to accurately detect the speed of the car 2 , tension must be applied to the governor rope 20 even when the governor rope 20 runs as the car 2 runs. Therefore, the standard mass M of the tension pulley device 22 (hereinafter, M will be used when the standard masses M ₁ and M ₂ are not distinguished) will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 6(a), when the governor rope 20 is stretched and no tension is applied to the governor rope 20, the position X of the tension wheel device 22 in the vertical direction D3 is set to the origin position X ₀ ( X= ₀ ), and this position X0 is called the "zero tension position". In FIG. 6, the position X of the pulley device 22 is the center of rotation of the pulley 25, although not particularly limited.

As shown in FIG. 6B, when the car 2 is stopped, the governor rope 20 is stretched by the weight of the pulley device 22, so the position X of the pulley device 22 is the zero tension position. The position X( ₀ ), which is lower than X0, is referred to as the "stop position". Note that the stop position X( ₀ ) is lower than the zero-tension position X0, so it is smaller than 0 (X(0)<0).

Further, as shown in FIG. 6(c), when the car 2 travels with the acceleration α, the position X of the pulley device 22 rises from the stop position X(0). ), and the position X(α) is referred to as a “running position”. Note that the running position X(α) is higher than the stopped position X(0), and thus is larger than X(0) (X(α)>X(0)).

The tension pulley device 22 can apply tension to the governor rope 20 when the running position X(α) is lower than the _zero tension position X0. As a result, when the car 2 is traveling at the acceleration α, the tension pulley device 22 applies tension to the governor rope 20, so that the traveling position X(α) of the car satisfies the following equation (6). preferable.

Here, the model of the governor rope 20 as shown in FIG. 7 is used to calculate the stop position X(0) and the running position X(α). First, the rope body 24 of the governor rope 20 includes a first rope portion 24a from the rope connection portion 23 to the governor wheel 21, a second rope portion 24b from the governor wheel 21 to the tension wheel 25, and a rope connection portion from the governor wheel 21. 23 and a third rope portion 24c.

X is the displacement of the pulley device 22 in the vertical direction D3 (the unit is m, the same applies hereinafter), that is, the position relative to the zero tension position X ₀ (X=0). _m1 is the mass of the governor wheel 21, x1 is the rotational displacement of the governor wheel 21, _m2 is the mass of the tension wheel ₂₅ , and _x2 is the rotational displacement of the tension wheel 25. displacement.

m _a is the mass of the first rope portion 24a, _xa is the displacement of the first rope portion 24a in the vertical direction D3, _mb is the mass of the second rope portion 24b, and _xb is is the displacement of the second rope portion 24b in the vertical direction D3, _mc is the mass of the third rope portion 24c, _xc is the displacement of the third rope portion 24c in the vertical direction D3, and _x0 is It is the displacement of the rope connection portion 23 in the vertical direction D3. T _a1 , T _a2 , T _b1 , T _b2 , T _c1 , and T _c2 are tensions acting on the rope portions 24a to 24c.

Since the rope connecting portion 23 is connected to the car 2, the mass of the car 2 is very large compared to the mass of the governor rope 20, the governor wheel 21, the tension wheel device 22, etc., and the vibration of the governor rope 20, etc. 2 is hardly transmitted. Thereby, the rope connection part 23 is treated as a fixed end, so that the mass of the rope connection part 23 is negligible.

_ka is the spring constant of the first rope portion 24a (the unit is N/m, the same applies hereinafter), _kb is the spring constant of the second rope portion 24b, and _kc is the third rope portion 24c spring constant. In the model of the governor rope 20 shown in FIG. 7, each rope portion 24a-24c is converted into one mass point and two spring elements. As a result, the spring constants k _i (i=a, b, c) of the rope portions 24a to 24c are given by the following equation (7). Since there are two spring elements, the denominator of equation (7) is divided by two.

ここで、Ｅは、ロープヤング率（Ｎ／ｍｍ^２）であり、Ｓは、ロープ断面積（ｍｍ^２）であり、Ｌ_ｉ（ｉ＝ａ，ｂ，ｃ）は、ロープ長（ｍ）である。

where E is the rope Young's modulus (N/mm ² ), S is the rope cross-sectional area (mm ² ), and L _i (i = a, b, c) is the rope length (m). be.

ここで、ｇは、重力加速度（ｍ^２／ｓ）である。 By the way, equations of motion regarding the rotation and vertical movement of the pulley 25 are the following equations (8.1) and (8.2).

where g is the gravitational acceleration (m ² /s).

Since the tension wheel 25 does not rotate or move vertically when the car 2 is stopped, the acceleration of the rotation of the wheel 25 and the acceleration of the vertical motion of the tension wheel device 22 are zero. That is, the left side of the above equation (8.1) becomes zero (specifically, the acceleration of the rotation of the pulley 25, which is the _second derivative of x2, is zero), and the left side of the above equation (8.2) becomes becomes zero (specifically, the vertical acceleration of the pulley device 22, which is the second derivative of X, is zero).

As a result, the tension _Tb2 of the second rope portion 24b and the tension _Tc2 of the third rope portion 24c become equal, and the tension is half the weight Mg of the pulley device 22. As shown in FIG. Therefore, the governor rope 20 is stretched, and the pulley device 22 stops at the stop position X( ₀ ), which is lower than the zero-tension position X0.

On the other hand, when the car 2 accelerates, an inertial force is generated, and the tension _Tb2 of the second rope portion 24b and the tension _Tc2 of the third rope portion 24c are no longer equal. Specifically, the inertia of the route from the rope connection portion 23 to the point P1 in FIG. Since the inertia of the route to point P2 (third rope portion 24c → point P2) differs, the amount of increase or decrease in tension _Tb2 of second rope portion 24b is equal to the amount of increase or decrease in tension _Tc2 of third rope portion 24c, Not equal.

As a result, as can be seen from the equation (8.2), the change in the tension _Tb2 of the second rope portion 24b and the tension _Tc2 of the third rope portion 24c causes the pulley device 22 to move in the vertical direction D3. , resulting in an acceleration that moves to That is, the tension pulley device 22 is lifted from the stop position X(0) to the running position X(α).

Also, the greater the difference (inertial force difference) between the tension _Tb2 of the second rope portion 24b and the tension _Tc2 of the third rope portion 24c, the greater the acceleration generated in the vertical direction D3 of the pulley device 22. , the lifting amount of the tension wheel device 22 increases. Therefore, when the car 2 is located in the vicinity of the lowest floor, the lifting amount of the pulley device 22 is maximized.

For example, when the car 2 located on the lowest floor accelerates upward, the pulley device 22 can be lifted by the largest amount. Further, for example, when the car 2 traveling downward is braked near the bottom floor and decelerates downward (that is, accelerates upward), the lift of the pulley device 22 becomes the largest. obtain.

Here, the force balance equations of the model of the governor rope 20 in FIG. 7 are the following equations (9.1) to (9.6).

Writing equations (9.1) to (9.6) in matrix form results in the following equations (10.1) and (10.2).

Solving the equations (10.1) and (10.2) using the inverse matrix to obtain each displacement x ₁ , x ₂ , X, x _a , x _b , x _c yields the following equation (11.1 ) and equation (11.2).

When the car 2 is stopped, the accelerations (displacements x ₁ , x ₂ , X, x _a , x _b , and x _c ) are all zero. Therefore, by extracting the displacement X from the equations (11.1) and (11.2), the stop position X (0) becomes the following formula (12).

Further, when the car 2 moves with acceleration (for example, maximum acceleration, rated acceleration) α, the rotation of each car 21, 25 and the acceleration of movement of each rope part 24a to 24c in equation (11.2) (each The second derivative of the displacements x ₁ , x ₂ , x _a , x _b and x _c ) can be regarded as the acceleration α of the car 2 . In addition, since the pulley device 22 floats by a certain amount and stops, the acceleration of the pulley device 22 (the second derivative of the displacement X) can be regarded as zero.

By substituting these into equation (11.2) and extracting the displacement X from equations (11.1) and (11.2), the running position X(α) can be obtained from the following equation (13) and Become.

Then, the following equation (14) is calculated from the above equations (6) and (13).

ここで、α_１は、正常運転時のかご２の加速度であり、α_２は、非常運転時のかご２の加速度である。 When the standard masses M ₁ and M ₂ of the tension pulley device 22 are obtained from the above equation (14), the following equations (15.1) and (15.2) are calculated.

Here, α1 is the acceleration of car ₂ during normal operation, and α2 is the acceleration of car ₂ during emergency operation.

As the accelerations α ₁ and α ₂ of the car 2, the maximum acceleration of the car 2 during each operation is used. For example, when the accelerations α ₁ and α ₂ of the car 2 are constant (including not only the same but also approximately the same with a difference of ±10%), the accelerations α ₁ and α ₂ are equal to A rated acceleration of 2 may be used.

Then, the following equation (16.1) is calculated from the above equations (5.1) and (15.1), and the following equation is calculated from the above equations (5.2) and (15.2) (16.2) is calculated.

Therefore, it is preferable to set the mass of the weight 26 so that the mass of the pulley device 22 satisfies the above formulas (16.1) and (16.2). As a result, when the car 2 runs at the accelerations α ₁ and α ₂ during each operation, the pulley device 22 floats and rises when the governor rope 20 runs, but tension is applied to the governor rope 20. can be done.

By the way, the traveling position X(α) in the above equation (13) is a position due to a steady rise when the car 2 moves with the acceleration α, that is, a position where the pulley device 22 is lifted by a certain amount and stops. be. Therefore, the traveling position X(α) in the above equation (13) is not a position at which the pulley device 22 momentarily rises significantly.

Therefore, a simulation was performed as shown in FIG. 8 in the case where the pulley device 22 lifted up the most, that is, when the car 2 located on the lowest floor moved upward with the acceleration α. Note that since the running position X(α) has a large effect on the jerk (jerk) of the car 2, the jerk of the car 2 is assumed to be ∞ assuming that the car 2 momentarily reaches the acceleration α. When the car 2 decelerates due to the operation of the braking portion 5c while the car 2 is moving downward, the upward jerk of the car 2 is substantially ∞.

As shown in FIG. 8, when the time t (approximately 0.5 to 0.7 seconds) has elapsed since the car 2 started to move, the pulley device 22 momentarily rises to a position (maximum It floated to the ascending position X(α) _max ). After that, with the passage of time, the pulley device 22 stopped at a position where it steadily floats (steady rising position during running X(α)).

In this way, the maximum lifting amount Y(α) _max of the tensioning wheel device 22 is larger than the steady lifting amount Y(α) of the tensioning wheel device 22 . For example, when the lifting stroke of the car 2 is 10 m to 500 m and the standard mass M of the pulley device 22 is in the range of 10 kg to 50 kg, the maximum floating amount Y(α) _max of the pulley device 22 is It was 1.6 to 1.9 times the steady floating amount Y(α).

Therefore, even if the maximum lifting amount Y(α) _max of the tension wheel device 22 is 1.9 times the steady lifting amount Y(α) of the tension wheel device 22, the tension wheel device 22 applies tension to the governor rope 20. To do so, it is preferable to satisfy the following formula (17).

Then, the following equation (18) is calculated from the above equations (12), (13) and (17).

When the standard masses M ₁ and M ₂ of the tension pulley device 22 are obtained from the above equation (18), the following equations (19.1) and (19.2) are calculated.

Then, the following equation (20.1) is calculated from the above equations (5.1) and (19.1), and the following equation is calculated from the above equations (5.2) and (19.2) (20.2) is calculated.

Therefore, the mass of the weight 26 is preferably set such that the mass of the pulley device 22 satisfies the above formulas (20.1) and (20.2). As a result, when the car 2 is rapidly accelerated, tension can be applied to the governor rope 20 even though the pulley device 22 is further raised and floated.

On the other hand, if the mass of the pulley device 22 is too large, the governor rope 20 is likely to wear or break. However, since the maximum amount Y(α) _max of the pulley tension device 22 may exceed 1.9 times the steady amount Y(α) of the pulley tension device 22, a safety factor (30%) is required. becomes. Therefore, it is preferable to satisfy the following formula (21).

Then, the following equation (22) is calculated from the above equations (12), (13) and (21).

By the way, since the above formula (22) is obtained by considering the safety factor for the above formula (18), the minimum mass within the mass range of the pulley device 22 that satisfies the above formula (20.1) Among (optimal minimum mass during normal operation) M _m1 and minimum mass (optimum minimum mass during emergency operation) M _m2 within the mass range of the pulley device 22 that satisfies the above formula (20.2), It is preferable that the above formula (22) is satisfied for the heavier mass.

The optimum minimum masses M _m1 and M _m2 are given by the following formulas (23.1) and (23.2) from the above formulas (20.1) and (20.2).

Therefore, when the optimum minimum mass M _m1 during normal operation ≥ the optimum minimum mass M _m2 during emergency operation, it is necessary to consider the safety factor for the optimum minimum mass M _m1 during normal operation. From the expression (22), it is preferable to satisfy the following expression (24).

Then, the following equation (25) is calculated from the above equations (5.1) and (24).

Therefore, when the optimum minimum mass M _m1 during normal operation≧the optimum minimum mass M _m2 during emergency operation, the mass of the weight 26 is is preferably set. As a result, when the car 2 is rapidly accelerated, the pulley device 22 further rises and floats, but the tension can be applied to the governor rope 20, and the tension of the governor rope 20 can be suppressed from becoming too large. can be done.

On the other hand, when the optimum minimum mass M _m1 during normal operation < the optimum minimum mass M _m2 during emergency operation, it is necessary to consider the safety factor for the optimum minimum mass M _m2 during emergency operation. From the above formula (22), it is preferable to satisfy the following formula (26).

Then, the following equation (27) is calculated from the above equations (5.2) and (26).

Therefore, when optimal minimum mass M _m1 during normal operation < optimal minimum mass M _m2 during emergency operation, the mass of weight 26 is is preferably set. As a result, when the car 2 is rapidly accelerated, the pulley device 22 further rises and floats, but the tension can be applied to the governor rope 20, and the tension of the governor rope 20 can be suppressed from becoming too large. can be done.

Further, in the above formulas (14) to (27), the spring constants k _a to k _c of the rope portions 24a to 24c are the same when the pulley device 22 is positioned at the maximum traveling upward position X(α) _max . , the spring constants k _a to k _c of the rope portions 24a to 24c are used. In addition, since the amount of elongation of the rope portion 24 (for example, the distance between the stop position X( ₀ ) and the zero tension position X0) is very small with respect to the entire length of the rope portion 24, each rope portion For the rope lengths L _a to L _c of 24a to 24c, for example, rope lengths when the pulley device 22 is positioned at the zero tension position X ₀ may be used.

Further, in the above simulation, when the ratio of the rope length _Lc of the third rope portion _24c to the rope length Lb of the second rope portion 24b is 0.5% to 1.5%, the pulley device 22: It was located at the maximum ascending position X(α) _max during running. Therefore, for example, when the ratio of the rope length _Lc of the third rope portion _24c to the rope length Lb of the second rope portion 24b is 1.0%, the spring constants k _a to k _c may be used.

ここで、ｍ_１は、前記ガバナ車２１の質量であり、ｍ_２は、前記張り車２５の質量であり、ｍ_ａは、前記ガバナロープ２０のうち、前記かご２と接続される部分２３から前記ガバナ車２１までの第１ロープ部２４ａの質量であり、ｋ_ａは、前記第１ロープ部２４ａのバネ定数であり、ｍ_ｂは、前記ガバナロープ２０のうち、前記ガバナ車２１から前記張り車２５までの第２ロープ部２４ｂの質量であり、ｋ_ｂは、前記第２ロープ部２４ｂのバネ定数であり、ｍ_ｃは、前記ガバナロープ２０のうち、前記かご２と接続される部分２３から前記張り車２５までの第３ロープ部２４ｃの質量であり、ｋ_ｃは、前記第３ロープ部２４ｃのバネ定数であり、α_１は、前記かご２の正常運転時の加速度であり、α_２は、前記かご２の非常運転時の加速度であり、ｇは、重力加速度である。 As described above, as in the present embodiment, the elevator 1 includes the car 2 traveling in the vertical direction D3, the speed governor 8 detecting the speed of the car 2, and the water level in the hoistway X1 reaching a predetermined water level. a water level detection unit (second water level detection unit in this embodiment) 11 for detecting that the water level detection unit 11 detects the 11 detects the water level, a processing unit 9 that puts the car 2 into emergency operation, and the speed governor 8 includes an endless annular governor rope 20 connected to the car 2, 2, a governor pulley 21 around which the governor rope 20 is wound; The pulley device 22 includes a pulley 25 around which the governor rope 20 is wound, and a weight 26 connected to the pulley 25. The mass of the pulley device 22 satisfies the following two equations: is preferable.

Here, _m1 is the mass of the governor wheel 21, _m2 is the mass of the tension wheel 25, and _ma is the mass of the governor rope 20 from the portion 23 connected to the car 2 to the car 2. is the mass of the first rope portion 24a up to the governor wheel 21; _ka is the spring constant of the first rope portion _24a ; kb is the spring constant of the second rope portion _24b , _mc is the tension from the portion 23 of the governor rope 20 connected to the car 2 is the mass of the third rope portion 24c up to the car 25, _kc is the spring constant of the _third rope portion 24c, α1 is the acceleration during normal operation of the car ₂ , and α2 is This is the acceleration of the car 2 during emergency operation, and g is the gravitational acceleration.

According to such a configuration, an appropriate weight of the pulley device 22 can be applied to the governor rope 20 during normal operation. Moreover, even when buoyancy acts on the pulley device 22, the weight of the pulley device 22 can be sufficiently ensured. A considerable amount of weight can be imparted to the governor rope 20 .

Further, as in this embodiment, in the elevator 1, it is preferable that the mass of the pulley device 22 further satisfies the following two expressions.

According to such a configuration, tension can be applied to the governor rope 20 even though the pulley device 22 rises and floats when the car 2 suddenly accelerates. Thereby, the mass of the pulley device 22 can be made appropriate.

をさらに満たし、(張り車装置の正常運転時の最適最小質量Ｍ_ｍ１)＜(張り車装置の非常運転時の最適最小質量Ｍ_ｍ２)である場合に、

をさらに満たす、という構成が好ましい。
ここで、張り車装置の正常運転時の最適最小質量Ｍ_ｍ１及び張り車装置の非常運転時の最適最小質量Ｍ_ｍ２は、それぞれ以下の式である。

Further, as in the present embodiment, in the elevator 1, the mass of the pulley device 22 is (optimum minimum mass M _m1 during normal operation of the pulley device)≧(optimum minimum mass M m1 during emergency operation of the pulley device) mass M _m2 ),

and (optimal minimum mass M _m1 during normal operation of the pulley device) < (optimum minimum mass M _m2 during emergency operation of the pulley device),

is preferably satisfied.
Here, the optimum minimum mass _{Mm1 during normal operation of the pulley device and the optimum minimum mass Mm2 during} emergency operation of the pulley device are represented by the following equations.

According to such a configuration, tension can be applied to the governor rope 20 even though the pulley device 22 floats and rises when the car 2 accelerates. Moreover, it is possible to prevent the tension of the governor rope 20 from becoming too large. Thereby, the mass of the pulley device 22 can be further optimized.

Further, as in the present embodiment, the elevator 1 includes a car 2 running in the vertical direction D3, a car rope 3 connected to the car 2, and the car rope for applying tension to the car rope 3. 3, and a water level detector (second water level detector in this embodiment) 11 that detects when the water level in the hoistway X1 reaches a predetermined level. a processing unit 9 for setting the traveling of the car 2 to normal operation when the water level detecting unit 11 does not detect the water level, and setting the traveling of the car 2 to emergency operation when the water level detecting unit 11 detects the water level. and the mass of the counterweight 4 satisfies the following formula.

According to such a configuration, even when buoyancy acts on the counterweight 4, the weight of the counterweight 4 can be sufficiently ensured. Therefore, even during an emergency operation when the inside of the hoistway X1 is flooded, the appropriate weight of the counterweight 4 can be applied to the car ropes 3.

The elevator 1, governor 8, and counterweight 4 are not limited to the configurations of the above-described embodiments, nor are they limited to the above-described effects. Further, the elevator 1, the governor 8 and the counterweight 4 can of course be modified in various ways without departing from the gist of the present invention.

For example, when an existing elevator is modified into an elevator 1 that enables emergency operation, for example, mass is added to the existing tensioning devices 4 and 22 (for example, the weights 4d and 26 are may be added). Although not particularly limited, for example, the added mass may be a mass corresponding to the product of the volume of the tensioning device 4, 22 and the specific gravity of water.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Elevator 2... Car 2a... Sheave 2b... Stop part 2c... Transmission part 3... Car rope 4... Balance weight (tensioning device) 4a... Sheave 4b... Weight guide part 4c... Weight main body 4d Weight body 4e Weight piece 5 Winding machine 5a Sheave 5b Drive source 5c Braking portion 6 Car rail 7 Weight rail 8 Governor , 8a... Guide part, 8b... Gripping part, 9... Processing part, 10... First water level detection part, 11... Second water level detection part, 20... Governor rope, 21... Governor wheel, 22... Tension wheel device (tensioning device ), 23... Rope connection part 24... Rope body 24a... First rope part 24b... Second rope part 24c... Third rope part 25... Tension wheel 25a... Shaft part 25b... Outer peripheral part 26 Weight body 26a Recessed portion 27 Weight connection portion 27a Plate material 27b Fixing tool 27c Shaft member 28 Guided portion 28a Plate member 29 Cover body 29a First horizontal cover Part 29b... Second horizontal cover part 29c... Upper cover part D1... First horizontal direction D2... Second horizontal direction D3... Vertical direction X1... Hoistway

Claims (6)

A car running up and down,
a speed governor for detecting the speed of the car;
a water level detector that detects when the water level in the hoistway reaches a predetermined water level;
a processing unit that sets the running of the car to normal operation when the water level detection unit does not detect the water level, and sets the running of the car to emergency operation when the water level detection unit detects the water level,
The speed governor includes an endless annular governor rope connected to the car, a governor wheel around which the governor rope is wound to detect the speed of the car, and a governor rope to apply tension to the governor rope. a pulley device suspended from a
The tension wheel device includes a tension wheel around which the governor rope is wound, and a weight connected to the tension wheel,
An elevator in which the mass of the pulley device satisfies the following two equations:

Here, _m1 is the mass of the governor wheel, _m2 is the mass of the tension wheel, and _ma is the length of the governor rope from the portion connected to the car to the governor wheel. 1 is the mass of the rope portion, _ka is the spring constant of the first rope portion, and _mb is the mass of the second rope portion of the governor rope from the governor wheel to the tension wheel, _kb is the spring constant of the second rope portion, _mc is the mass of the third rope portion of the governor rope from the portion connected to the car to the tension wheel, and _kc is is the spring constant of the _third rope portion, _α1 is the acceleration of the car during normal operation, α2 is the acceleration of the car during emergency operation, and g is the gravitational acceleration. 2. The governor of claim 1, wherein the mass of said tension wheel device further satisfies the following two equations:

The mass of the tension wheel device is
If (optimum minimum mass M _m1 during normal operation of the pulley device)≧(optimum minimum mass M _m2 during emergency operation of the pulley device),

further satisfies
When (optimum minimum mass M _m1 during normal operation of the pulley device)<(optimum minimum mass M _m2 during emergency operation of the pulley device),

3. The speed governor according to claim 2, further satisfying:
Here, the optimum minimum mass _{Mm1 during normal operation of the pulley device and the optimum minimum mass Mm2 during} emergency operation of the pulley device are represented by the following equations.

A car running up and down,
a cage rope connected to the cage;
a counterweight suspendedly connected to the cage ropes for applying tension to the cage ropes;
a water level detector that detects when the water level in the hoistway reaches a predetermined water level;
a processing unit that sets the running of the car to normal operation when the water level detection unit does not detect the water level, and sets the running of the car to emergency operation when the water level detection unit detects the water level,
An elevator in which the mass of said counterweight satisfies the following formula:

A speed governor used in the elevator according to any one of claims 1 to 3. A counterweight for use in an elevator as claimed in claim 4.

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