JP2022152999A - β-GLUCOOLIGOSACCHARIDE-CONTAINING SUGAR COMPOSITION AND TASTE IMPROVING AGENT - Google Patents
β-GLUCOOLIGOSACCHARIDE-CONTAINING SUGAR COMPOSITION AND TASTE IMPROVING AGENT Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明はβ-グルコオリゴ糖含有糖組成物および呈味向上剤に関する。 The present invention relates to a β-glucooligosaccharide-containing sugar composition and a taste improver.
ゲンチオビオースは、2個のグルコースがβ-1,6-グルコシド結合したβ-グルコオリゴ糖である。ゲンチオビオースは、リンドウの根茎や根などに含まれており、特有の強い苦味を有することが知られている。ゲンチオビオースの製造方法としては、β-グルコシダーゼなどの酵素をグルコースに作用させて縮合反応により製造する手法が知られている(特許文献1)。また、当該製法で得られた糖質を食品に配合する手法も知られている(特許文献2)。 Gentiobiose is a β-glucooligosaccharide in which two glucoses are β-1,6-glucosidically linked. Gentiobiose is contained in the rhizomes and roots of gentian, and is known to have a peculiarly strong bitter taste. As a method for producing gentiobiose, a method is known in which an enzyme such as β-glucosidase is allowed to act on glucose to cause a condensation reaction (Patent Document 1). There is also known a method of blending saccharides obtained by the production method into foods (Patent Document 2).
ゲンチオビオースなどのゲンチオオリゴ糖は、腸内フローラ改善効果、カルシウム吸収促進効果などの生理機能を有することが報告されている。また、苦味を有するという独特の味質により、飲食品に添加することで呈味改善効果を発揮することが知られている。一方で、ゲンチオビオースの有する苦味は、飲食品の種類や添加量によっては苦味が強すぎるために飲食品の風味を損なう場合もあり、また、その味質にも更なる改良の余地があった。 Gentioligosaccharides such as gentiobiose have been reported to have physiological functions such as intestinal flora improving effect and calcium absorption promoting effect. In addition, it is known that it exhibits a taste improving effect by adding it to food and drink due to its unique taste quality of having a bitter taste. On the other hand, the bitterness of gentiobiose may be too strong depending on the type of food and the amount added, which may impair the flavor of the food and drink, and there is room for further improvement in the taste quality.
ゲンチオビオースの味質を改良する方法として、ゲンチオビオースに加え一定比率でイソマルトースを含有させる方法が挙げられる(特許文献3)。しかし、当該方法ではイソマルトースを含有させる必要があり、味質改良手段の選択肢を広げるためにも新たな味質改良手段を検討する必要があった。 As a method for improving the taste of gentiobiose, there is a method of adding isomaltose at a certain ratio in addition to gentiobiose (Patent Document 3). However, this method requires the inclusion of isomaltose, and it has been necessary to investigate new means for improving taste in order to expand options for means for improving taste.
本発明は、味質が改善された新規なβ-グルコオリゴ糖含有糖組成物を提供することを目的とする。本発明はまた、新規な呈味向上剤を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a novel β-glucooligosaccharide-containing sugar composition with improved taste. Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel taste improver.
本発明者らは、β-グルコオリゴ糖含有糖組成物において、グルコース含量、β-グルコ二糖含量、三糖含量および四糖含量を一定範囲に調整することで良好な味質を有するβ-グルコオリゴ糖含有糖組成物が得られることを見出した。本発明者らはまた、該糖組成物を飲食品に添加することで顕著な呈味向上効果が得られることを見出した。本発明はこれらの知見に基づくものである。 The present inventors found that β-glucooligosaccharides having good taste quality by adjusting the glucose content, β-glucodisaccharide content, trisaccharide content, and tetrasaccharide content in a β-glucooligosaccharide-containing sugar composition within certain ranges. It was found that a saccharide-containing saccharide composition was obtained. The present inventors also found that the addition of the sugar composition to food and drink significantly improves the taste. The present invention is based on these findings.
本発明によれば以下の発明が提供される。
[1]下記(1)~(4)を満たす、β-グルコオリゴ糖含有糖組成物:
(1)糖組成物中のグルコース含有量が40~85%である;
(2)糖組成物中のβ-グルコ二糖含有量が12~30質量%である;
(3)糖組成物中の重合度3の糖質含有量が5.4質量%以下である;および
(4)糖組成物中の重合度4の糖質含有量が1.0質量%以下である。
[2]下記(5)をさらに満たす、上記[1]に記載の糖組成物:
(5)二糖中のゲンチオビオースの含有量が60%以上である。
[3]β-グルコオリゴ糖がβ-グルコシダーゼ縮合反応物である、上記[1]または[2]に記載の糖組成物。
[4]上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の糖組成物を有効成分とする、呈味向上剤。
[5]上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の糖組成物または上記[4]に記載の呈味向上剤を含有させてなる、飲食品。
[6]上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の糖組成物または上記[4]に記載の呈味向上剤を飲食品またはその原材料に添加することを含んでなる、呈味が向上した飲食品の製造方法。
[7]上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の糖組成物または上記[4]に記載の呈味向上剤を飲食品またはその原材料に添加することを含んでなる、飲食品の呈味向上方法。
According to the present invention, the following inventions are provided.
[1] A β-glucooligosaccharide-containing sugar composition that satisfies the following (1) to (4):
(1) the glucose content in the sugar composition is 40-85%;
(2) the β-glucodisaccharide content in the sugar composition is 12-30% by mass;
(3) the content of saccharides with a degree of polymerization of 3 in the saccharide composition is 5.4% by mass or less; and (4) the content of saccharides with a degree of polymerization of 4 in the saccharide composition is 1.0% by mass or less. is.
[2] The sugar composition according to [1] above, which further satisfies (5) below:
(5) The content of gentiobiose in the disaccharide is 60% or more.
[3] The sugar composition according to [1] or [2] above, wherein the β-glucooligosaccharide is a β-glucosidase condensation reaction product.
[4] A taste improver comprising the sugar composition according to any one of [1] to [3] above as an active ingredient.
[5] A food or drink containing the sugar composition according to any one of [1] to [3] above or the taste improver according to [4] above.
[6] The sugar composition according to any one of [1] to [3] above or the taste-improving agent according to [4] above is added to a food or drink or a raw material thereof, which has a good taste. Methods of making improved food and beverage products.
[7] A food or drink product comprising adding the sugar composition according to any one of [1] to [3] above or the taste improver according to [4] above to a food product or a raw material thereof. Method for improving taste.
本発明によれば、味質が改善された新規なβ-グルコオリゴ糖含有糖組成物が提供されるとともに、該糖組成物を有効成分とする呈味向上剤が提供される。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, a novel β-glucooligosaccharide-containing saccharide composition with improved taste is provided, and a taste improver containing the saccharide composition as an active ingredient is provided.
本発明の糖組成物はβ-グルコオリゴ糖を含有する糖組成物である。β-グルコオリゴ糖は2個以上のグルコースがβ-グルコシド結合したオリゴ糖であり、グルコースのβ-グルコシダーゼ縮合反応物に由来するものとすることができる。グルコース縮合反応物はグルコース同士がβ-グルコシド結合したものであり、重合度(Degree of Polymerization、DP)が3を超えるものや、様々な結合様式(β-1,6-結合、β-1,3-結合など)のものが混在していることが知られている。したがって、本発明の糖組成物に含まれるβ-グルコオリゴ糖には重合度が3を超える糖質、すなわち、β-グルコ二糖以外のグルコオリゴ糖が含まれていてもよく、また、β-グルコ二糖にはゲンチオビオース(β-1,6-結合)以外のβ-グルコ二糖が含まれていてもよい。なお、β-グルコオリゴ糖の由来はグルコースのβ-グルコシダーゼ縮合反応物に限定されるものではなく、本発明の組成物の所定の組成を満たす限りその由来は限定されるものではない。 The sugar composition of the present invention is a sugar composition containing β-glucooligosaccharides. β-gluco-oligosaccharides are oligosaccharides in which two or more glucose units are β-glucosidically linked, and can be derived from a β-glucosidase condensation reaction product of glucose. Glucose condensation reaction products are β-glucosidic bonds between glucoses, and those with a degree of polymerization (DP) exceeding 3 and various bonding modes (β-1,6-bonds, β-1, 3-bonds, etc.) are known to be mixed. Therefore, the β-glucooligosaccharides contained in the sugar composition of the present invention may contain carbohydrates with a degree of polymerization exceeding 3, that is, glucooligosaccharides other than β-glucodisaccharides. Disaccharides may include β-glucodisaccharides other than gentiobiose (β-1,6-linked). The origin of β-glucooligosaccharide is not limited to the β-glucosidase condensation reaction product of glucose, and the origin is not limited as long as the composition of the present invention satisfies the predetermined composition.
本発明の糖組成物におけるβ-グルコ二糖の含有量は、例えば、その下限値(以上または超える)を12質量%、13質量%、14質量%または15質量%とすることができ、その上限値(以下または下回る)を30質量%、28質量%、25質量%または23質量%とすることができる。これらの下限値および上限値はそれぞれ任意に組み合わせることができ、本発明の糖組成物におけるβ-グルコ二糖の含有量の範囲は、例えば、12~30質量%、13~28質量%または14~25質量%とすることができる。なお、本明細書において、糖組成の比率に言及するときは、固形分当たりの各糖成分の含量(質量%)を意味する。 The content of β-glucodisaccharide in the sugar composition of the present invention can be, for example, the lower limit (or more or more) of 12% by mass, 13% by mass, 14% by mass or 15% by mass. The upper limit (below or below) can be 30% by weight, 28% by weight, 25% by weight or 23% by weight. These lower and upper limits can be arbitrarily combined, and the range of the β-glucodisaccharide content in the sugar composition of the present invention is, for example, 12-30% by mass, 13-28% by mass, or 14% by mass. It can be up to 25% by mass. In this specification, when referring to the sugar composition ratio, it means the content (% by mass) of each sugar component per solid content.
本発明の糖組成物の構成成分であるβ-グルコ二糖としては、ゲンチオビオース(β-1,6-グルコ二糖)、ソホロ―ス(β-1,2-グルコ二糖)、ラミナリビオース(β-1,3-グルコ二糖)、セロビオース(β-1,4-グルコ二糖)、イソトレハロース(β-1,1-グルコ二糖)が挙げられる。本発明の糖組成物に含まれるβ-グルコ二糖は、その組成に制限はなく、上記いずれかの二糖のみでも複数の二糖の混合物でもよいが、本発明の効果をよりよく発揮させるためにはゲンチオビオースを主成分とすることが好ましい。本発明の糖組成物における二糖中のゲンチオビオースの含有量は、例えば、その下限値(以上または超える)を60質量%、70質量%、75質量%、80質量%、85質量%または90質量%とすることができ、その上限値(以下または下回る)を100質量%、99質量%、98質量%、97質量%、96質量%または95質量%とすることができる。これらの下限値および上限値はそれぞれ任意に組み合わせることができ、本発明の糖組成物における二糖中のゲンチオビオースの含有量の範囲は、例えば、60~100質量%、60~99質量%とすることができる。 The β-glucodisaccharide, which is a component of the sugar composition of the present invention, includes gentiobiose (β-1,6-glucodisaccharide), sophorose (β-1,2-glucodisaccharide), and laminaribiose. (β-1,3-glucodisaccharide), cellobiose (β-1,4-glucodisaccharide), isotrehalose (β-1,1-glucodisaccharide). The β-glucodisaccharide contained in the sugar composition of the present invention is not limited in its composition, and may be any one of the above disaccharides alone or a mixture of a plurality of disaccharides. For this purpose, it is preferable to use gentiobiose as a main component. The content of gentiobiose in the disaccharide in the sugar composition of the present invention is, for example, 60% by mass, 70% by mass, 75% by mass, 80% by mass, 85% by mass, or 90% by mass (more than or equal to the lower limit). %, and the upper limit (below or below) can be 100% by weight, 99% by weight, 98% by weight, 97% by weight, 96% by weight or 95% by weight. These lower and upper limits can be combined arbitrarily, and the content range of gentiobiose in the disaccharide in the sugar composition of the present invention is, for example, 60 to 100% by mass and 60 to 99% by mass. be able to.
本発明の糖組成物におけるグルコースの含有量は、例えば、その下限値(以上または超える)を40質量%、45質量%、50質量%、60質量%、65質量%または70質量%とすることができ、その上限値(以下または下回る)を85質量%、83質量%または82質量%とすることができる。これらの下限値および上限値はそれぞれ任意に組み合わせることができ、本発明の糖組成物におけるグルコースの含有量の範囲は、例えば、40~85質量%、45~85質量%または50~83質量%とすることができる。 The content of glucose in the sugar composition of the present invention is, for example, the lower limit (or more or more) of 40% by mass, 45% by mass, 50% by mass, 60% by mass, 65% by mass, or 70% by mass. and its upper limit (below or below) can be 85% by mass, 83% by mass or 82% by mass. These lower and upper limits can be combined arbitrarily, and the range of glucose content in the sugar composition of the present invention is, for example, 40 to 85% by mass, 45 to 85% by mass, or 50 to 83% by mass. can be
本発明の糖組成物はβ-グルコ二糖を含む重合度2の糖質(二糖)を構成成分とするものである。二糖は好ましくはβ-グルコ二糖からなる。β-グルコ二糖の含有量と組成は上述の通りである。 The saccharide composition of the present invention is composed of a saccharide (disaccharide) with a degree of polymerization of 2 containing β-glucodisaccharide. The disaccharide preferably consists of β-glucodisaccharide. The content and composition of β-glucodisaccharide are as described above.
本発明の糖組成物は重合度3の糖質(三糖)および重合度4の糖質(四糖)を構成成分として含んでいてもよい。三糖および四糖は、それぞれ3つのグルコースおよび4つのグルコースからなるグルコオリゴ糖である。その組成も特に制限はないが、β-グルコシド結合を有するグルコオリゴ糖(例えば、β-グルコオリゴ糖)であることが好ましい。 The sugar composition of the present invention may contain a saccharide with a degree of polymerization of 3 (trisaccharide) and a saccharide with a degree of polymerization of 4 (tetrasaccharide) as constituent components. Trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides are glucooligosaccharides composed of three and four glucoses, respectively. Its composition is also not particularly limited, but it is preferably a glucooligosaccharide having a β-glucoside bond (eg, β-glucooligosaccharide).
本発明の糖組成物における三糖の含有量は、例えば、その上限値(以下または下回る)を5.4質量%、5.3質量%、5.2質量%または5.1質量%とすることができ、その下限値(以上または超える)を0.1質量%、0.2質量%、0.5質量%または1.0質量%とすることができる。これらの下限値および上限値はそれぞれ任意に組み合わせることができ、本発明の糖組成物における三糖の含有量の範囲は、例えば、0.1~5.4質量%、0.1~5.3質量%とすることができる。 The trisaccharide content in the sugar composition of the present invention is, for example, the upper limit (below or below) of 5.4% by mass, 5.3% by mass, 5.2% by mass or 5.1% by mass. and the lower limit (at least or above) can be 0.1% by mass, 0.2% by mass, 0.5% by mass or 1.0% by mass. These lower and upper limits can be combined arbitrarily. It can be 3% by mass.
本発明の糖組成物における四糖の含有量は、例えば、その上限値(以下または下回る)を1.0質量%、0.9質量%または0.8質量%とすることができ、その下限値(以上または超える)を0.1質量%以上または0.2質量%とすることができる。これらの下限値および上限値はそれぞれ任意に組み合わせることができ、本発明の糖組成物における四糖の含有量の範囲は、例えば、0.1~1.0質量%、0.1~0.9質量%とすることができる。 The tetrasaccharide content in the sugar composition of the present invention can have, for example, an upper limit (below or below) of 1.0% by mass, 0.9% by mass, or 0.8% by mass, and a lower limit of The value (at least or above) can be 0.1 wt% or greater or 0.2 wt%. These lower and upper limits can be combined arbitrarily, and the range of the tetrasaccharide content in the sugar composition of the present invention is, for example, 0.1-1.0% by mass, 0.1-0. It can be 9% by mass.
本発明の糖組成物は重合度5以上の糖質を構成成分として含んでいてもよい。本発明の糖組成物における重合度5以上の糖質の含有量は特に制限はないが、例えば、5.0質量%以下とすることができ、3.0質量%以下、2.5質量%以下、2.0質量%以下または1.5質量%以下とすることができる。 The saccharide composition of the present invention may contain a saccharide having a degree of polymerization of 5 or more as a constituent component. The content of saccharides with a degree of polymerization of 5 or more in the saccharide composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 5.0% by mass or less, 3.0% by mass or less, and 2.5% by mass. Below, it can be 2.0% by mass or less or 1.5% by mass or less.
本発明の糖組成物は、所定の糖組成を満たす限りその製造方法に特に制限はなく、構成成分の各糖質を混合して製造してもよく、あるいは、原料糖質に酵素を作用させ、必要に応じてさらに糖質を添加することにより所望の組成を満たす糖組成物を製造してもよい。酵素反応により製造する手法としては、例えば、グルコース(グルコース水溶液)にβ-グルコシダーゼを作用させることによりグルコース分子を縮合させて製造することができる。すなわち、本発明の糖組成物の一態様として、グルコースのβ-グルコシダーゼ縮合反応物が挙げられる。β-グルコシダーゼ縮合反応物が本発明の糖組成物の所定の糖組成を有する場合は、そのまま本発明の糖組成物として用いることができ、必要に応じて膜分画、クロマト分画、沈殿分画などの分画処理や、微生物資化処理、酵素処理などの一般的手法で所定の糖組成に調整してもよい。β-グルコシダーゼは、例えば、ハロバチルス・ハロフィラス(Halobacillus halophilus)由来のβ-グルコシダーゼを用いることができる。上記以外にも、本発明の糖組成物は、ゲンチアノースの酸分解や、プスツランやラミナランなどの加水分解により製造することもできる。 The saccharide composition of the present invention is not particularly limited in its production method as long as it satisfies a predetermined saccharide composition. A sugar composition that satisfies the desired composition may be produced by further adding sugar as necessary. As a method of production by an enzymatic reaction, for example, glucose molecules can be condensed by allowing β-glucosidase to act on glucose (aqueous glucose solution). That is, one aspect of the sugar composition of the present invention is a β-glucosidase condensation reaction product of glucose. When the β-glucosidase condensation reaction product has the predetermined sugar composition of the sugar composition of the present invention, it can be used as it is as the sugar composition of the present invention. The sugar composition may be adjusted to a predetermined sugar composition by general methods such as fractionation treatment such as fractionation, microbial utilization treatment, and enzyme treatment. As β-glucosidase, for example, β-glucosidase derived from Halobacillus halophilus can be used. In addition to the above, the sugar composition of the present invention can also be produced by acidolysis of gentianose or hydrolysis of pustulan or laminaran.
本発明の糖組成物は、ゲンチオビオースに代表されるβ-グルコオリゴ糖(グルコースがβ-グルコシド結合したオリゴ糖)に加えてグルコースを所定の含有量で含有する糖組成物であり、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲でイソマルトースなどのα-グルコオリゴ糖やフルクトースなどを含んでいてもよい。例えば、本発明の糖組成物がα-グルコ二糖を含有する場合は、その含有量を20質量%以下、15質量%以下、10質量%以下、5質量%以下、3質量%以下とすることができる。 The saccharide composition of the present invention is a saccharide composition containing a predetermined content of glucose in addition to β-glucooligosaccharides (oligosaccharides in which glucose is β-glucoside-linked) typified by gentiobiose. may contain α-glucooligosaccharides such as isomaltose, fructose, etc., as long as it does not inhibit For example, when the sugar composition of the present invention contains α-glucodisaccharide, the content is 20% by mass or less, 15% by mass or less, 10% by mass or less, 5% by mass or less, and 3% by mass or less. be able to.
本発明の糖組成物は、その性状に特に制限は無く、液状、粉末状のいずれでも提供することができる。液状であれば、混合調製が容易であり、液状輸送可能であり、飲食品へ添加する際も粉立ちが無いため作業性に優れるなどの利点がある。粉末状であれば、保存安定性が高く、水分が少ない分輸送コストを抑えることができ、種々の飲食品に添加することができるなどの利点がある。すなわち、本発明の糖組成物はその用途に応じて好適な性状を選択することができる。 The sugar composition of the present invention is not particularly limited in its properties, and can be provided in either liquid or powder form. If it is in a liquid form, it is easy to mix and prepare, can be transported in a liquid form, and has the advantage of being excellent in workability because it does not dust when added to food or drink. If it is in powder form, it has advantages such as high storage stability, low water content, which can reduce transportation costs, and can be added to various foods and drinks. That is, suitable properties of the sugar composition of the present invention can be selected according to its use.
本発明の糖組成物は良好な苦味(苦味の強さが適度であり、すっきりとして後を引かない苦味)を有している。以下の考察に拘束されるものではないが、本発明の糖組成物は、ゲンチオビオースなどのβ―グルコ二糖に由来する苦味の強さとグルコースの甘味のバランスが適度であるため、強すぎる苦味で味に悪影響を与えることがなく、かつ、弱すぎて苦味という特徴を失うことなく、適度な苦味を付与することができると考えられる。本発明の糖組成物はまた、三糖や四糖などの比較的分子量が大きい糖が少ないため、口の中で苦味が長く残り後を引くような不快感は生じにくいと考えられる。このように本発明の糖組成物はこれまで知られていない風味特性を有していることから、飲食品の呈味向上に好適である。 The sugar composition of the present invention has a good bitterness (bitterness is moderately strong, refreshing and does not leave an aftertaste). Although not bound by the following considerations, the saccharide composition of the present invention has a moderate balance between the strength of bitterness derived from β-glucodisaccharides such as gentiobiose and the sweetness of glucose. It is believed that a moderate bitterness can be imparted without adversely affecting the taste and without losing the characteristic of bitterness due to being too weak. Also, since the sugar composition of the present invention contains less sugars with relatively large molecular weights such as trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides, it is believed that the bitterness that remains in the mouth for a long time and the discomfort that lingers after is less likely to occur. Since the sugar composition of the present invention has hitherto unknown flavor characteristics, it is suitable for improving the taste of food and drink.
すなわち、本発明によれば、本発明の糖組成物を有効成分とする呈味向上剤が提供される。本発明によればまた、本発明の糖組成物または本発明の呈味向上剤を飲食品またはその原材料に添加することを含んでなる、飲食品の呈味向上方法が提供される。本発明の糖組成物は、呈味向上効果を有するゲンチオビオースをはじめとするβ-グルコ二糖を含んでいるところ、良好な苦味(苦味の強さが適度であり、すっきりとして後を引かない苦味)を有することから、本発明の糖組成物や本発明の呈味向上剤を飲食品に適用することにより、適用する飲食品の風味を害することなく、該飲食品の味にさらに厚みを加えることで特に優れた呈味向上効果を発揮することができる。 That is, according to the present invention, a taste improver containing the sugar composition of the present invention as an active ingredient is provided. According to the present invention, there is also provided a method for improving the taste of food and drink, comprising adding the sugar composition of the present invention or the taste improver of the present invention to food and drink or raw materials thereof. The sugar composition of the present invention contains β-glucodisaccharides such as gentiobiose, which has a taste-enhancing effect, and has a good bitterness (the strength of the bitterness is moderate, and the bitterness is refreshing and does not leave an aftertaste). ), by applying the sugar composition of the present invention and the taste improver of the present invention to food and drink, the taste of the food and drink is further enhanced without impairing the flavor of the food and drink to which it is applied. By doing so, a particularly excellent effect of improving taste can be exhibited.
ここで、「呈味向上」とは、飲食品により提供される甘味、塩味、酸味、苦味およびうま味の基本味と、辛味、渋味、刺激味、味の厚み、後味のキレ、コクなどの基本味の周辺の感覚のうちの1種または2種以上を向上することを意味し、特に、甘味、苦味、味の厚み、後味のキレのうちの1種または2種以上を向上することを意味する。また、「呈味向上」とは飲食品の基本味とその周辺の感覚のうち1種または2種以上を向上させることを含む意味で用いられる。また、「向上」とは前の状態よりもすぐれた状態になることを意味し、通常の状態や良好な状態をよりよくすることに加え、好ましくない状態や悪化した状態を少なくとも回復させることを含む意味で用いられる。なお、後者は本発明では「改善」ということがある。 Here, "improvement of taste" means the basic tastes of sweetness, saltiness, sourness, bitterness and umami provided by food and drink, as well as sharpness, astringency, pungent taste, depth of taste, sharpness of aftertaste, richness and the like. It means improving one or more of the peripheral sensations of the basic taste, especially improving one or more of sweetness, bitterness, depth of taste, and sharpness of aftertaste. means. In addition, the term "improved taste" is used in the sense of improving one or more of the basic taste of food and beverages and their surrounding sensations. In addition, "improvement" means to be in a better state than the previous state, and in addition to improving the normal or good state, at least restore the unfavorable or deteriorated state. Used in the sense of including. The latter is sometimes referred to as "improvement" in the present invention.
本発明の糖組成物は、呈味向上を目的として種々の飲食品に添加することができる。すなわち、本発明によれば、本発明の糖組成物または本発明の呈味向上剤を含有させてなる飲食品が提供される。本発明によればまた、本発明の糖組成物または本発明の呈味向上剤を配合することを含んでなる、呈味が向上した飲食品の製造方法が提供される。呈味が向上した飲食品の製造は、後記実施例に示される通り、本発明の糖組成物や本発明の呈味向上剤を飲食品またはその原材料に添加すること以外は、常法に従って行うことができる。 The sugar composition of the present invention can be added to various foods and drinks for the purpose of improving taste. That is, according to the present invention, food and drink products containing the sugar composition of the present invention or the taste improver of the present invention are provided. According to the present invention, there is also provided a method for producing food and drink with improved taste, which comprises blending the sugar composition of the present invention or the taste improver of the present invention. Food and drink with improved taste are produced in accordance with conventional methods, except that the sugar composition of the present invention and the taste improver of the present invention are added to the food and drink or raw materials thereof, as shown in the Examples below. be able to.
本発明の糖組成物を適用できる飲食品に限定は無く、例えば、以下のものが挙げられる。
・アルコール飲料(ビール、発泡酒、リキュール、チューハイ、清酒、ワイン、果実酒、カクテル、蒸留酒など)
・ノンアルコール飲料(果汁含有飲料、果汁ジュース、野菜ジュース、炭酸飲料、アイソトニック飲料、アミノ酸飲料、スポーツ飲料、コーヒー、カフェオレ、ココア飲料、茶系飲料、乳酸菌飲料、乳飲料、栄養ドリンク、ノンアルコールビール、ノンアルコールチューハイ、ノンアルコールカクテル、ニアウォーター、フレーバーウォーターなど)
・アイスクリーム、アイスキャンディー、シャーベット、かき氷、フラッペ、フローズンヨーグルト、ゼリー、プリン、ババロア、水羊羹などの冷菓類
・水飴、果実のシロップ漬、氷みつ、チョコレートシロップ、カラメルシロップなどのシロップ類
・フラワーペースト、ピーナッツペースト、フルーツペースト、バタークリーム、カスタードクリームなどのペースト類
・マーマレード、フルーツソース、ブルーベリージャム、苺ジャムなどのジャム類
・食パン、ロールパン、ブリオッシュ、蒸しパン、あんパン、クリームパンなどのパン類
・ビスケット、クラッカー、クッキー、ワッフル、マフィン、スポンジケーキ、パイなどの焼菓子類
・シュークリーム、ドーナツ、チョコレート、チューインガム、キャラメル、ヌガー、キャンディなどの洋菓子類
・せんべい、あられ、おこし、求肥、餅類、まんじゅう、大福、ういろう、餡類、錦玉、カステラ、飴玉などの和菓子類
・醤油、魚醤、味噌、ひしお、マヨネーズ、ドレッシング、三杯酢、天つゆ、麺つゆ、ウスターソース、オイスターソース、ケチャップ、焼き鳥のタレ、焼き肉のタレ、漬け込みタレ、甘味料、粉飴、食酢、すし酢、カレールウ、中華の素、シチューの素、スープの素、ダシの素、複合調味料、みりん、新みりん、テーブルソルト、テーブルシュガーなどの各種調味料類
・パスタソース、ミートソース、トマトソース、ホワイトソース、デミグラスソース、カレーソース、ハヤシソース、グレービーソース、ハンバーグソース、サルサソース、ステーキソースなどのソース類
・糠漬け、粕漬け、味噌漬け、福神漬け、べったら漬、奈良漬け、千枚漬、梅干しなどの漬物類
・たくわん漬の素、白菜漬の素、キムチの素などの漬物の素
・ハム、ベーコン、ソーセージ、ハンバーグ、ミートボールなどの畜肉製品類
・魚肉ハム、魚肉ソーセージ、カマボコ、チクワ、干物などの魚肉製品類
・塩ウニ、カラスミ、塩辛、なれずし、酢コンブ、さきするめ、田麩などの各種珍味類
・海苔、山菜、するめ、小魚、貝などで製造される佃煮類
・煮豆、煮魚、ポテトサラダ、コンブ巻などの惣菜食品
・乳製品、魚肉、畜肉、果実、野菜などの瓶詰類や缶詰類
・天ぷら、トンカツ、フリッター、唐揚げ、竜田揚げなどの揚げ物用衣類
・うどん、そば、中華麺、パスタ、春雨、ビーフン、餃子の皮、シューマイの皮などの麺類
・プリンミックス、ホットケーキミックス、即席ジュース、即席コーヒー、即席汁粉、即席スープなどの即席食品類
Foods and drinks to which the sugar composition of the present invention can be applied are not limited, and examples thereof include the following.
・Alcoholic beverages (beer, low-malt beer, liqueur, chuhai, sake, wine, fruit wine, cocktails, distilled spirits, etc.)
・Non-alcoholic drinks (fruit juice-containing drinks, fruit juices, vegetable juices, carbonated drinks, isotonic drinks, amino acid drinks, sports drinks, coffee, cafe au lait, cocoa drinks, tea-based drinks, lactic acid drinks, milk drinks, nutritional drinks, non-alcoholic drinks beer, non-alcoholic chuhai, non-alcoholic cocktails, near water, flavored water, etc.)
・Frozen desserts such as ice cream, popsicles, sherbet, shaved ice, frappe, frozen yogurt, jelly, pudding, bavarois, sweet bean jelly ・Syrups such as starch syrup, fruit syrup, ice syrup, chocolate syrup, caramel syrup ・Flowers Paste, peanut paste, fruit paste, butter cream, custard cream, etc. ・Jams such as marmalade, fruit sauce, blueberry jam, strawberry jam, etc. ・Bread, roll bread, brioche, steamed bread, red bean bread, cream bread, etc.・Baked sweets such as biscuits, crackers, cookies, waffles, muffins, sponge cakes, and pies ・Western confectionery such as cream puffs, donuts, chocolate, chewing gum, caramel, nougat, and candy , Manju, Daifuku, Uiro, Bean paste, Kingyoku, Castella, Japanese sweets such as hard candy ・Soy sauce, Fish sauce, Miso, Hishio, Mayonnaise, Dressing, Sanbaizu, Tentsuyu, Mentsuyu, Worcestershire sauce, Oyster sauce, Ketchup, Yakitori sauce, grilled meat sauce, marinated sauce, sweetener, powdered candy, vinegar, sushi vinegar, curry roux, Chinese ingredients, stew ingredients, soup ingredients, dashi ingredients, compound seasonings, mirin, new mirin, table salt , Various seasonings such as table sugar ・Pasta sauce, meat sauce, tomato sauce, white sauce, demi-glace sauce, curry sauce, hayashi sauce, gravy sauce, hamburger sauce, salsa sauce, steak sauce, etc. ・Nukazuke, sake lees pickles, miso Pickles such as pickles, Fukujin-zuke, Betta-zuke, Nara-zuke, Senmai-zuke, Umeboshi, etc. ・Takuwan-zuke base, Chinese cabbage-zuke base, kimchi base, etc. ・Ham, bacon, sausage, hamburger, meatballs, etc. Products ・Fish meat products such as fish ham, fish sausage, kamaboko, chikuwa, and dried fish ・Various delicacies such as salted sea urchin, dried mullet roe, salted fish, narezushi, vinegared kombu, dried squid, and rice bran ・Nori, wild plants, dried squid , Small fish, shellfish, etc. boiled in soy, boiled beans, boiled fish, potato salad, side dishes such as kelp rolls, dairy products, fish meat, livestock meat, fruits, vegetables and other bottled and canned foods, tempura, tonkatsu, Clothing for fried foods such as fritters, fried chicken, and Tatsutaage ・Noodles such as udon, soba, Chinese noodles, pasta, vermicelli, rice vermicelli, gyoza skin, shumai skin, etc. ・Pudding mix, pancake mix, instant Instant foods such as instant juice, instant coffee, instant sweet red bean soup, instant soup
本発明による呈味向上効果をより効果的に発揮させる観点から、本発明の糖組成物を、飲料類、冷菓類、シロップ類、ペースト類、ジャム類、焼き菓子類、洋菓子類、和菓子類、調味料類、ソース類に用いるのが好ましい。すなわち、本発明の糖組成物はゲンチオビオースをはじめとするβ-グルコ二糖を含有するところ、苦味の強さが適度であり、すっきりとして後を引かない苦味を有することから、乳類の後味のキレおよび/またはコクの改善効果、高甘味度甘味料の味質改善効果、果汁感増強効果、炭酸飲料における爽快感・止渇感付与効果、煮込みソースにおけるオニオンソテー風味の付与効果、塩味増強効果、カラメルの酸味抑制効果、エグミの低減効果、スパイス感増強効果などのゲンチオビオースが有する呈味向上効果(例えば、特開2002-335903号公報、特開2011-206030号公報、特開2001-95541号公報、特開2015-8687号公報参照)をより効果的に発揮させることができる。 From the viewpoint of more effectively exhibiting the taste-improving effect of the present invention, the sugar composition of the present invention can be used in beverages, frozen desserts, syrups, pastes, jams, baked confectionery, Western confectionery, Japanese confectionery, It is preferably used for seasonings and sauces. That is, since the saccharide composition of the present invention contains β-glucodisaccharides including gentiobiose, it has moderately strong bitterness, and has a refreshing and non-lingering bitterness. Effect of improving sharpness and/or richness, effect of improving taste quality of high-intensity sweeteners, effect of enhancing fruit juice feeling, effect of imparting refreshing and thirst-quenching sensation in carbonated beverages, effect of imparting sautéed onion flavor in stewed sauce, effect of enhancing salty taste, Taste improvement effect of gentiobiose such as caramel sourness suppression effect, harshness reduction effect, spice feeling enhancement effect (for example, JP-A-2002-335903, JP-A-2011-206030, JP-A-2001-95541 , Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-8687) can be exhibited more effectively.
本発明の糖組成物および本発明の呈味剤を飲食品に含有させるときの含有量は、飲食品の種類に応じて適宜決定することができるが、飲食品全体に対する本発明の糖組成物の含有量(固形分換算質量)は、例えば、0.1~30質量%とすることができ、好ましくは0.5~15質量%である。本発明の糖組成物および本発明の呈味剤をアルコール飲料やノンアルコール飲料などの飲料に含有させるときは、飲料全体に対する本発明の糖組成物の含有量(固形分換算質量)は、例えば、0.1~5質量%とすることができ、好ましくは0.2~3質量%である。 When the sugar composition of the present invention and the flavoring agent of the present invention are contained in a food or drink, the contents thereof can be appropriately determined according to the type of the food or drink. The content (solid content equivalent mass) can be, for example, 0.1 to 30% by mass, preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass. When the sugar composition of the present invention and the flavoring agent of the present invention are contained in beverages such as alcoholic beverages and non-alcoholic beverages, the content of the sugar composition of the present invention (mass in terms of solid content) relative to the entire beverage is, for example, , 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 3% by weight.
以下の例に基づいて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例に限定されるものではない。なお、本明細書において特に記載の無い場合は「%」は質量%を意味し、また「固形分」当たりの割合(含有量)や「固形分」の含有割合(濃度)に言及した場合には、固形成分の質量に基づいて定められた割合を意味するものとする。 The present invention will be specifically described based on the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In this specification, unless otherwise specified, "%" means % by mass, and when referring to the ratio (content) per "solid content" or the content ratio (concentration) of "solid content" shall mean the proportion determined on the basis of the mass of the solid component.
例1:糖組成物の調製と官能評価試験
糖組成物1の調製
固形分濃度65%のグルコース水溶液にアーモンド由来のβ-グルコシダーゼ(東洋紡社)を基質固形分1g当たり14mg添加し、pH6、60℃の条件で72時間保持することでゲンチオオリゴ糖組成物を製造し、常法により精製して糖組成物1を得た。
Example 1: Preparation of sugar composition and sensory evaluation test
Almond-derived β-glucosidase (Toyobo Co., Ltd.) was added in an amount of 14 mg per 1 g of the substrate solid content to an aqueous glucose solution having a solid content concentration of 65%, and the mixture was maintained at pH 6 and 60°C for 72 hours to obtain gentiooligosaccharides. A composition was produced and purified by a conventional method to obtain Sugar Composition 1.
糖組成物2の調製
固形分濃度65%のグルコース水溶液にハロバチルス・ハロフィラス(Halobacillus
halophilus)由来のβ-グルコシダーゼ(2018年度日本農芸化学会大会講演要旨集、講演番号:2A26p05、「Halobacillus
halophilus由来β-1,6-グルコシダーゼの機能解析」、寺田真衣、磯野直人)を基質固形分1g当たり75mg添加し、pH6、60℃の条件で72時間保持することでゲンチオオリゴ糖組成物を製造し、常法により精製して糖組成物2を得た。
Preparation of sugar composition 2 β-glucosidase derived from Halobacillus halophilus (2018 Annual Meeting of Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology and Agrochemistry, Lecture No.: 2A26p05, “β-glucosidase derived from Halobacillus halophilus ” was added to an aqueous glucose solution having a solid content concentration of 65%. Functional Analysis of 1,6-Glucosidase”, Mai Terada, Naoto Isono) was added at 75 mg per 1 g of the substrate solid content, and maintained at pH 6 and 60° C. for 72 hours to produce a gentio-oligosaccharide composition, followed by a conventional method. Sugar composition 2 was obtained after purification.
糖組成物3の調製
固形分濃度65%のグルコース水溶液にβ-グルコシダーゼを含有するアスペルギルス・ニガー(Aspergillus
Niger)由来のセルラーゼ製剤を基質固形分1g当たり40mg添加し、pH5、60℃の条件で72時間保持することでゲンチオオリゴ糖組成物を製造し、常法により精製して糖組成物3を得た。
Preparation of Sugar Composition 3 40 mg of Aspergillus Niger -derived cellulase preparation containing β-glucosidase was added per 1 g of substrate solid content to an aqueous glucose solution having a solid content concentration of 65%. A gentio-oligosaccharide composition was produced by holding for a period of time, and purified by a conventional method to obtain a sugar composition 3.
糖組成物4の調製
糖組成物3に対し、RO膜分画処理により単糖を除去し、常法により精製して糖組成物4を得た。
Preparation of sugar composition 4 Sugar composition 4 was obtained by removing monosaccharides from sugar composition 3 by RO membrane fractionation and purifying sugar composition 4 by a conventional method.
糖組成物5~12の調製
上記手順により得られた糖組成物1~4およびグルコース水溶液を下記配合で混合することで、糖組成物5~12を調製した。なお、いずれも固形分濃度20質量%の水溶液を調製して用いた。
糖組成物5:糖組成物2を83%、グルコース水溶液を17%
糖組成物6:糖組成物2を60%、グルコース水溶液を40%
糖組成物7:糖組成物1を70%、糖組成物2を30%
糖組成物8:糖組成物2を80%、糖組成物4を20%
糖組成物9:糖組成物2を90%、糖組成物4を10%
糖組成物10:糖組成物4を50%、グルコース水溶液を50%
糖組成物11:糖組成物1を25%、糖組成物2を20%、糖組成物4を20%、グルコース水溶液を35%
糖組成物12:糖組成物4を75%、グルコース水溶液を25%
Preparation of Sugar Compositions 5 to 12 Sugar Compositions 5 to 12 were prepared by mixing Sugar Compositions 1 to 4 obtained by the above procedure and aqueous glucose solutions according to the following formulations. In each case, an aqueous solution having a solid concentration of 20% by mass was prepared and used.
Sugar composition 5: 83% sugar composition 2, 17% aqueous glucose solution
Sugar composition 6: 60% sugar composition 2, 40% aqueous glucose solution
Sugar Composition 7: 70% Sugar Composition 1 and 30% Sugar Composition 2
Sugar composition 8: 80% sugar composition 2, 20% sugar composition 4
Sugar Composition 9: 90% Sugar Composition 2 and 10% Sugar Composition 4
Sugar composition 10: 50% sugar composition 4, 50% aqueous glucose solution
Sugar composition 11: 25% sugar composition 1, 20% sugar composition 2, 20% sugar composition 4, 35% aqueous glucose solution
Sugar composition 12: 75% sugar composition 4, 25% aqueous glucose solution
糖組成分析
各糖組成物の固形分当たりの糖組成をHPLC分析した。組成物中の各重合度含有量を分析する条件は以下の通りとした。
カラム:MCI GEL CK04S(三菱ケミカル社)
カラム温度:70℃
移動相:超純水
流速:0.4ml/分
検出器:示差屈折率検出器
Sugar composition analysis The sugar composition per solid content of each sugar composition was analyzed by HPLC. The conditions for analyzing each degree of polymerization content in the composition were as follows.
Column: MCI GEL CK04S (Mitsubishi Chemical Company)
Column temperature: 70°C
Mobile phase: Ultrapure water Flow rate: 0.4 ml/min Detector: Differential refractive index detector
重合度2の糖質中のα-グルコ2糖およびβ-グルコ2糖含有量を分析する条件は以下の通りとした。
カラム:ULTRON PS-80N.L(信和化工社)(2本連結)
カラム温度:50℃
移動相:超純水
流速:0.5ml/分
検出器:示差屈折率検出器
The conditions for analyzing the contents of α-glucodisaccharide and β-glucodisaccharide in saccharides with a degree of polymerization of 2 were as follows.
Column: ULTRON PS-80N. L (Shinwa Kako Co., Ltd.) (two consolidated)
Column temperature: 50°C
Mobile phase: Ultrapure water Flow rate: 0.5 ml/min Detector: Differential refractive index detector
重合度2の糖質中のゲンチオビオース含有量を分析する条件は以下の通りとした。
カラム:HILICpak VG-50 4E(shodex)
カラム温度:40℃
移動相:80v/v%アセトニトリル
流速:0.6ml/分
検出器:荷電化粒子検出器
The conditions for analyzing the content of gentiobiose in saccharides with a degree of polymerization of 2 were as follows.
Column: HILICpak VG-50 4E (shodex)
Column temperature: 40°C
Mobile phase: 80v/v% acetonitrile Flow rate: 0.6ml/min Detector: Charged particle detector
各糖組成物の味質評価
各糖組成物の5質量%水溶液を調製し、口に含んだ直後の苦味や甘味の強さ、飲み込んだ後の後味(口の中に残り後を引く苦味の強さ)、甘味と苦味のバランスを総合的に評価した。評価はよく訓練された3名のパネリストで実施し、パネリスト間で協議して評価結果を決定した。評価結果は「×:許容できない味質」「△:許容できる範囲だが改善の余地がある味質」「〇:適度な苦味で好ましい味質」の3段階とし、〇評価の試料を効果あり(良好な苦味を有する)とした。
Taste evaluation of each saccharide composition A 5% by mass aqueous solution of each saccharide composition was prepared, and the strength of bitterness and sweetness immediately after being put in the mouth, aftertaste after swallowing (bitterness remaining in the mouth). strength) and the balance between sweetness and bitterness were evaluated comprehensively. The evaluation was conducted by three well-trained panelists, and the evaluation results were determined through discussion among the panelists. The evaluation results are divided into three grades: "×: unacceptable taste quality", "△: acceptable taste quality with room for improvement", and "○: moderate bitterness and favorable taste quality". It has a good bitterness).
糖組成物1~12の糖組成を表1に示し、官能評価結果を表2に示した。 Table 1 shows the sugar compositions of Sugar Compositions 1 to 12, and Table 2 shows the sensory evaluation results.
上記の通り、本発明の糖組成物の組成を満たす糖組成物(糖組成物2、5、7および9)は、すっきりとした苦味を有しておりかつ苦味が後を引くことなく甘味と苦味のバランスが良い、優れた味質を有していた。一方、β-グルコ二糖の含有量が30質量%を超える試料(糖組成物4、12)や、重合度3(DP3)や重合度4(DP4)の糖質を一定量以上含む試料(試料8および10など)は、苦味が強く、さらに後を引く不快な苦味であった。 As described above, the sugar compositions satisfying the composition of the present invention (sugar compositions 2, 5, 7 and 9) had a clean bitter taste and were combined with sweetness without leaving bitterness behind. It had an excellent taste quality with a good balance of bitterness. On the other hand, samples containing more than 30% by mass of β-glucodisaccharide (sugar compositions 4 and 12) and samples containing more than a certain amount of saccharides with a degree of polymerization of 3 (DP3) or 4 (DP4) ( Samples 8 and 10, etc.) had a strong bitterness and a lingering unpleasant bitterness.
例2:果汁飲料への適用
例1で調製した糖組成物2および糖組成物3をそれぞれ固形分濃度70%に濃縮し、市販の果汁飲料(トロピカーナ グレープフルーツ、キリンビバレッジ社)に0.25質量%(固形分濃度)となるように添加し、果汁飲料を調製した。各試料を添加した果汁飲料について官能評価をした結果、糖組成物2添加区は無添加区と比較してトップからミドルのグレープフルーツの風味や苦みが強くなり、果汁感が向上した。また、エンドの甘味の切れが良好で、すっきりとした味質となった。糖組成物3添加区は無添加区と比較して果汁感の向上が確認されたが、糖組成物2添加区に比べ劣る評価であった。
Example 2: Application to fruit juice beverage Sugar composition 2 and sugar composition 3 prepared in Example 1 were each concentrated to a solid content concentration of 70%, and added to a commercially available fruit juice beverage (Tropicana Grapefruit, Kirin Beverage) by 0.25 mass. % (solid concentration) to prepare a fruit juice drink. As a result of sensory evaluation of fruit juice beverages to which each sample was added, the grapefruit flavor and bitterness from the top to the middle were stronger in the sugar composition 2 addition group than in the non-addition group, and the fruit juice feeling was improved. In addition, the sweetness of the end was cut well, and the taste was refreshing. The group with addition of sugar composition 3 was confirmed to have improved fruit juice feeling compared with the group with no addition, but the evaluation was inferior to that of the group with addition of sugar composition 2.
Claims (7)
(1)糖組成物中のグルコース含有量が40~85%である;
(2)糖組成物中のβ-グルコ二糖含有量が12~30質量%である;
(3)糖組成物中の重合度3の糖質含有量が5.4質量%以下である;および
(4)糖組成物中の重合度4の糖質含有量が1.0質量%以下である。 A β-glucooligosaccharide-containing sugar composition satisfying the following (1) to (4):
(1) the glucose content in the sugar composition is 40-85%;
(2) the β-glucodisaccharide content in the sugar composition is 12-30% by mass;
(3) the content of saccharides with a degree of polymerization of 3 in the saccharide composition is 5.4% by mass or less; and (4) the content of saccharides with a degree of polymerization of 4 in the saccharide composition is 1.0% by mass or less. is.
(5)二糖中のゲンチオビオースの含有量が60%以上である。 The sugar composition according to claim 1, which further satisfies (5) below:
(5) The content of gentiobiose in the disaccharide is 60% or more.
A method for improving the taste of a food or drink, comprising adding the sugar composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the taste improver according to claim 4 to the food or a raw material thereof.
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