JP2022139405A - Soil excavation sampling device and soil excavation sampling method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a soil excavation sampling device capable of being reduced in weight and collecting a soil sample at a predetermined depth while saving energy.SOLUTION: A soil excavation sampling device of the present invention is a device that inserts a rod into the ground and collects a soil sample at a predetermined depth. The tip of the rod has a helical cutting edge and an escape groove formed on its outer circumference, and has a sample chamber for containing a soil sample therein and a driving device behind the sample chamber. The sample chamber has a sampling port at the tip of the rod. Furthermore, a small drill is provided that can move forward and backward from the tip of the rod. The small drill advances and retreats by the driving device to open and close the sampling port, so that there is no danger that soil samples at the other depth than the predetermined depth are mixed, and the weight of the device can be reduced, and the soil samples can be collected while saving energy.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

The present invention relates to a soil excavation sampling apparatus, and more particularly, to a soil excavation sampling apparatus that requires less energy for excavation and is advantageous for planetary exploration and the like.

Investigation of the ground is performed by collecting a soil sample from the ground.
In the conventional soil sampling method, first, an investigation hole is excavated to a predetermined depth, a rod is pulled out, and then a sampler is inserted into the investigation hole to a predetermined depth to collect a soil sample from the side wall of the investigation hole.

The sampler has an inner tube and an outer tube that are relatively rotatable, has a sample chamber in the inner tube, and has a sampling port and a sampling blade on its side surface. By rotating the sampler, the sampling port is opened to collect a soil sample, and by rotating the sampler in the opposite direction, the sampling port is closed.

In this sampling method, depending on the ground to be surveyed, the hole wall of the survey hole may collapse, making it difficult to insert the sampler, or the diameter of the hole may expand and the sampling blade of the sampler may not reach the hole wall, making it impossible to collect a soil sample. Sometimes.

In addition, the soil sample from above may drop to the bottom of the survey hole, or the sampling port may open while the sampler is being inserted, and the soil sample at a depth other than the predetermined depth may be mixed.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-100001 discloses that a sampler is hit by impact to collect a soil sample at a predetermined depth.

The sampler described in Patent Document 1 has a sampling port and a sampling blade on the side surface of the tip of the rod, and has a sample chamber inside. In addition, the sampler has a shaft that penetrates the sample chamber and reaches the tip of the sampler. The shaft transmits an impact force from the ground to the tip of the rod to penetrate the sampler into the ground. It secures the sample chamber.

According to this sampling method, there is no need to drill a survey hole in advance, and the soil sample can be collected by driving the rod once. In some cases, since the shaft penetrates the sample chamber, the soil sample does not enter the sample chamber, and the soil sample at a depth other than the predetermined depth is prevented from being mixed.

JP 2014-173398 A

However, in order to strike the sampler, it is necessary to apply momentum to a heavy object such as a hammer to strike the rod. requires a lot of energy to collect. Therefore, it is not suitable for exploration of satellites, planets, etc. where the amount of energy that can be used is limited. Also, if a soil sample at a depth other than the prescribed depth is mixed, accurate investigation cannot be performed.

The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and its object is to eliminate the risk of contamination with soil samples at depths other than a predetermined one, to enable weight reduction, and to save energy. An object of the present invention is to provide a soil excavation sampling device capable of collecting a sample.

As a result of intensive studies in order to achieve the above object, the present inventors opened the tip of the drill to provide a sample chamber for containing a soil sample inside the drill, and used a small drill that can be advanced and retracted from the tip of the drill. The inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by closing the opening, and have completed the present invention.

That is, the above objects of the present invention are solved by a soil excavation sampling apparatus according to any one of (1) to (3) below.
(1) A soil excavation sampling device that collects soil at a predetermined depth by inserting a rod into the ground,
The tip of the rod has a helical cutting edge and an escape groove formed on its outer circumference, and has a sample chamber for containing a soil sample therein and a driving device behind the sample chamber,
The sample chamber has a sampling port at the tip of the rod,
Furthermore, a small drill is provided that can move forward and backward from the tip of the rod,
A soil excavation sampling apparatus, wherein the small drill advances and retreats by the driving device to open and close the sampling port.
(2) having a pedestal between the sample chamber and the driving device;
The soil excavation sampling apparatus according to the above item (1), wherein the pedestal and the small drill are connected and move back and forth at regular intervals.
(3) A slide rail for guiding the pedestal is provided on the inner wall of the rod behind the sample chamber,
The soil excavation sampling apparatus according to item (2) above, wherein the driving device advances and retracts the small drill via a trapezoidal screw.

Further, the above object of the present invention is solved by a soil excavation sampling method according to any one of (4) to (6) below.
A soil excavation sampling method using the soil excavation sampling device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
excavating by rotating the rod while the sample chamber is closed;
When the predetermined depth is reached, advance the small drill to open the sampling port of the sample chamber,
Rotating the rod to take the soil sample into the sample chamber,
Retract the small drill to close the sampling port of the sample chamber,
A soil excavation sampling method, characterized in that the rod is withdrawn from the ground.
(5) The soil excavation sampling method according to item (4), wherein the small drill is advanced while the rod is rotated to excavate and the sample chamber is opened.
(6) The soil excavation sampling method according to item (4) or item (5), wherein the small drill is advanced while the rod is rotated and pulled out to open the sample chamber.

According to the present invention, the tip of the rod is opened to provide a sample chamber for containing a soil sample inside the rod, and the opening is closed by a small drill that can be advanced and retracted from the tip of the rod, so that the weight can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to provide a soil excavation sampling device capable of collecting soil samples while saving energy.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the schematic which shows the external appearance of the soil excavation sampling apparatus of this invention. It is a schematic sectional view showing the internal structure of the tip portion. It is a figure explaining the state which extract|collects a soil sample with the soil excavation sampling apparatus of this invention.

<Soil Excavation Sampling Equipment>
The soil excavation sampling device of the present invention will be described in detail.
The above soil excavation sampling apparatus inserts a rod into the ground to collect a soil sample at a predetermined depth.

As shown in FIG. 1, the tip 2 of the rod has a helical cutting edge 3 and an escape groove 4 formed on its outer circumference, and has a small drill 10 which can move back and forth from the tip.

With the small drill retracted, that is, with the small drill in contact with the tip of the rod, the small drill, the helical cutting edge and the clearance groove are integrated to form one large drill, and the rod rotation causes the small drill to rotate and drill with the rod.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of AA' in FIG.
Inside the tip portion, as shown in FIG. 2, a sample chamber 6 having a sampling port 61 at the tip of the rod and a driving device 5 behind the sample chamber are provided. The driving device 5 is fixed to the inner wall of the rod so as not to rotate relative to the rod, and advances and retreats the small drill to open and close the sampling port. A recess for receiving a soil sample is preferably provided at the rear end of the small drill serving as the cover of the sample chamber.

The soil excavation sampling apparatus of the present invention excavates the ground by rotating the drill in which the rod and the small drill are integrated, so that the energy required for excavation can be saved as compared with the method of driving the rod. In addition, since the sampling port is closed by a small drill during excavation, the soil sample at a depth other than the predetermined depth is not mixed.

The small drill is connected to a driving device by a connecting rod 7 penetrating the sample chamber, and the driving device advances and retreats the connecting rod to move the small drill forward and backward. At this time, the small drill may advance and retreat while rotating relative to the rod, but it is possible that the small drill does not rotate relative to the rod but only advances and retreats relative to the rod. preferable.

If the small drill only advances and retreats with respect to the rod, it is sufficient for the driving device to have the power to advance and retreat the small drill, and no mechanism or large power is required to rotate the small drill independently to enable drilling. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size and weight. An electric motor or a solenoid can be used as the drive device.

Preferably, the connecting rod is provided with a trapezoidal thread through which the connecting rod is driven. Since the trapezoidal thread has a self-locking function, it is possible to prevent the connecting rod from moving due to an axial force from a small drill or the like.

Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a brake in the driving device, and the trapezoidal screw can transmit a large force in the axial direction with a smaller moment than the triangular screw, so that the driving device can be further reduced in size and weight.

A pedestal 8 is provided between the sample chamber and the driving device.
Moreover, it is preferable to provide a seal 81 between the pedestal and the small drill. This seal abuts against the inner wall of the sample chamber to prevent the soil sample from entering backward. As a result, it is possible to prevent the failure of the driving device due to the soil sample.

The seal may be fixed to the inner wall of the sample chamber, but is preferably fixed to the connecting rod. As a result, the small drill and the seal are moved forward and backward while keeping a constant distance by the forward and backward movement of the connecting rod. Therefore, even if the drilled hole collapses, the soil sample larger than the volume of the sample chamber will not flow between the small drill and the seal, thereby preventing the sample chamber from becoming unclosed.

A sensor for detecting the position of the pedestal is preferably provided inside the tip of the rod.
By detecting the position of the pedestal, the position of the small drill can be determined, and it is possible to detect whether or not the sampling port is completely closed and the degree of opening of the sampling port.
As for the position of the pedestal, the amount of driving by the driving device, specifically, when the driving device is an electric motor, the amount of advance and retreat of the pedestal screw can be known from the number of revolutions of the electric motor. In addition, it is possible to grasp the pedestal position more accurately by using the limit switch.

Further, when the driving device is an electric motor, it is preferable that a guide 9 extending in the axial direction of the rod is provided on the inner wall of the rod behind the sample chamber, and the pedestal moves along this guide. The rotation of the pedestal and the connecting rod to which the pedestal is fixed is restrained by the guide, so that the small drill can be advanced and retracted with a small driving force.

Examples of the guide include slide rails and grooves. Among them, the slide rail can be preferably used because the pedestal can be moved with a small force.

<Soil excavation sampling method>
Next, a soil excavation sampling method using the soil excavation sampling apparatus of the present invention will be described.

The soil excavation sampling device is attached to the boring device on the ground. At this time, the small drill is in contact with the tip of the rod and the sampling port is completely closed, and is integrated with the helical cutting edge and relief groove provided on the outer circumference of the rod to form one large drill. is doing.

The ground is excavated by rotating this large drill forward with a boring device. When the tip of the rod reaches a predetermined depth, the driving device is operated, and as shown in FIG. 3, the small drill is advanced and pushed out relative to the rod to open the sample chamber.

When opening the sample chamber, it is preferable to change the method of opening the sample chamber by predicting the soil quality from feedback information such as rotational torque required for excavation to reach a predetermined depth.

For example, when the soil at a predetermined depth is expected to be highly self-sustaining soil such as clay, the rod is rotated forward to further excavate with the small drill while the drive device pushes out the small drill. A soil sample excavated with a small drill is fed upward along the cutting edge of the small drill and rests on top of the rear end of the small drill.

When the rod is rotated forward to open the extraction port, the depth of the small drill may be increased without changing the depth of the rod. For speed, you may drill with both a small drill and a rod.

Also, if the soil at a given depth is expected to be gravel or other soil with low self-sustainability, rotate the rod in the opposite direction without changing the depth of the small drill, pull it out, and ride on the cutting edge of the rod. Drop the soil sample into the rear end of the small drill. Since the rear end of the small drill has a recess for receiving the soil sample as described above, the soil sample will not fall out of the small drill.

By placing the soil sample on the rear end of the small drill in this way and retracting the small drill to close the sampling opening, the soil sample can be accommodated in the sample chamber.

After the soil sample is stored in the sample chamber, it is confirmed that the sampling port is completely closed with a small drill, and by pulling out the rod, only the soil sample at a predetermined depth can be taken out to the ground.

1 soil excavation sampling device 2 tip (rod)
3 Cutting edge 4 Escape groove 5 Driving device 6 Sample chamber 61 Sampling port 7 Connecting rod 8 Pedestal 81 Seal 9 Guide 10 Small drill

Claims (6)

A soil excavation sampling device that collects soil at a predetermined depth by inserting a rod into the ground,
The tip of the rod has a helical cutting edge and an escape groove formed on its outer circumference, and has a sample chamber for containing a soil sample therein and a driving device behind the sample chamber,
The sample chamber has a sampling port at the tip of the rod,
Furthermore, a small drill is provided that can move forward and backward from the tip of the rod,
A soil excavation sampling apparatus, wherein the small drill advances and retreats by the driving device to open and close the sampling port. Having a pedestal between the sample chamber and the driving device,
2. A soil excavation sampling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said pedestal and said small drill are connected and move back and forth at regular intervals. A slide rail for guiding the pedestal is provided on the inner wall of the rod behind the sample chamber,
3. The soil excavation sampling apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the driving device advances and retracts the small drill via a trapezoidal screw. A soil excavation sampling method using the soil excavation sampling device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
excavating by rotating the rod while the sample chamber is closed;
When the predetermined depth is reached, advance the small drill to open the sampling port of the sample chamber,
Rotating the rod to take the soil sample into the sample chamber,
Retract the small drill to close the sampling port of the sample chamber,
A soil excavation sampling method, characterized in that the rod is withdrawn from the ground. 5. The soil excavation sampling method according to claim 4, wherein the small drill is advanced while the rod is rotated to excavate and the sample chamber is opened. 6. The soil excavation sampling method according to claim 4, wherein the small drill is advanced while the rod is rotated and pulled out to open the sample chamber.

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