JP2022097312A - Water collection type hydroelectric power generation device using stepwise decompression type water channel - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a water collection type hydroelectric power generation device in which a new wall is provided outside a wall of a hydroelectric power generation device for collecting fluid using the wall to make a water channel, and pressure applied to the wall of the hydroelectric power generation device is stepwisely lowered with respect to fluid flowing outside using the pressure of water flowing in the water channel, so that the strength of the wall can be reduced.SOLUTION: A water channel is made using a wall in the flow of fluid; a turbine of a hydroelectric power generator is provided at a point where a cross-sectional area is gradually reduced from a water intake of the water channel; also, although a new wall is provided outside the wall of the water channel for hydroelectric power generation to make a water channel, the cross-sectional area of the water channel is gradually reduced from the water intake; and the water channel is designed to have pressure lower than the pressure of the fluid in the water channel flowing to the hydroelectric power generator and higher than the pressure of the fluid flowing outside the new wall, in each site.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention is a water collecting type hydroelectric power generation device that collects fluid using a wall. By providing a new wall on the outside thereof, the present invention aims to reduce the pressure applied to the wall. It is about the device.

In the conventional water collecting type hydroelectric power generation device, there was a technique of using a cable to resist the pressure of the fluid, but since the force is concentrated at the connection point of the cable, very strong strength is locally required. rice field.

Patent No. 6143315 Patent No. 6172830 Patent No. 6257120 Patent No. 6366155 Patent No. 6393893 Patent No. 6418623 Patent No. 6478362 Patent No. 6578552 Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-180048 Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-180968 JP-A-2014-234759 JP-A-2011-79421

In the present invention, in a water collecting type hydroelectric power generation device that collects fluid by using a wall in the flow of fluid, a new wall is provided on the outside of the wall to create a water channel, and the water channel is used to hang on the wall of the hydroelectric power generation device. It provides a means of reducing the strength of the wall by gradually reducing the pressure against the fluid flowing outside.

In order to achieve the above object, in the step decompression type water channel type hydroelectric power generator according to claim 1, a water channel is created by using a wall in the flow of fluid, and in the water channel, from the intake port. The cross-sectional area is gradually reduced, and a hydroelectric turbine is installed ahead of it. The generator body may or may not be in the channel. Then, a new wall is provided on the outside of the wall of the waterway for hydroelectric power generation to create a waterway. However, the canal also has a gradual reduction in cross-sectional area from the intake, and the canal is made to be lower than the pressure of the fluid in the canal flowing to the hydroelectric generator at each part, and also flows outside the new wall. It is provided so as to be higher than the pressure of the fluid.

According to the second aspect, in the first aspect, a net surface is stretched so as to form a triangular prism from the two facing sides of the square intake port toward the front of the intake port. Further, each of the surfaces of the net is provided with a plurality of opening / closing curtains for adjusting the inflow amount of fluid, and waterproof curtains are provided on the two bottom surfaces of the triangular prism.

The present invention is configured as described above and has the effects described below. When the mechanism according to claim 1 is used, a water channel is created by using a wall in the flow of fluid, and a water turbine of a hydroelectric generator is provided in the water channel at a portion where the cross-sectional area is gradually reduced from the intake port. As a result, a catchment type hydroelectric power generation device is configured. The main body of the generator may be in the water channel, or may generate power in another place by transmitting the power from the water turbine. Next, by providing a new wall on the outside of the wall of the hydroelectric channel, a channel through which fluid flows is created between the wall of the hydroelectric channel and the new wall. However, the pressure of the channel is increased by gradually reducing the cross-sectional area from the intake. Further, the channel is provided at each portion so as to be lower than the pressure of the fluid flowing to the hydroelectric generator and higher than the pressure of the fluid flowing outside the new wall. "The waterway is in each part," he said, because the waterway of the catchment type hydroelectric power generator has a wide intake like a C, the front of the generator is narrow, and the pressure of the water flow is from the intake to the generator. As it gradually rises toward, the water flow flowing in the water channel between the new wall and the wall for the power generator must be gradually narrowed down to increase the pressure of the water flow. By doing so, some percentage of the pressure applied to the wall of the water collecting type hydroelectric power generation device is supported by the pressure of the fluid flowing in the outer water channel, and the pressure resistance performance of the wall of the water collecting type hydroelectric power generation device can be lowered. .. Also, unlike the case where it is supported locally with a cable, it is easy to increase the size of the device because it is supported as a whole.

The wall can be straight or curved. In addition, although a plurality of outer walls may be provided, the water pressure of each water channel created by the plurality of walls is the water collection when viewed in a cross section in the direction orthogonal to the center line of the water collection type hydroelectric power generation device. It should be gradually lowered as it moves from the type hydroelectric power generation device side to the outer channel.

When the mechanism according to claim 2 is used, in addition to the case where the mechanism according to claim 1 is used, the surface of the net so as to form a triangular prism from the two facing sides of the square intake port toward the front of the intake port. Put up. Further, a plurality of opening / closing curtains for adjusting the inflow amount of fluid are provided on each surface of the net, and waterproof curtains are provided on the two bottom surfaces of the triangular prism. By doing so, a mesh surface having an acute angle with respect to the inflow direction of the fluid is provided, and foreign matter in the fluid can be discharged. The reason for providing more than one opening / closing curtain to adjust the inflow of fluid is to balance the water pressure flowing in each channel when you want to stop water intake, such as when installing or maintaining a step-down decompression channel type hydroelectric power generator. This is a measure to keep it as much as possible. Since some percentage of the pressure applied to the wall of the water collecting type hydroelectric power generation device is supported by the pressure of the fluid flowing in the outer waterway, if the pressure of the fluid flowing in the outer waterway becomes too low, the water collecting type hydroelectric power generation The wall of the device breaks. The bottom surface of the triangular prism may be formed in either the vertical direction or the horizontal direction, or on either side.

It is also good to provide a relatively weak part on each wall to limit the part that is damaged when a pressure abnormality occurs so that the entire device does not collapse. Further, a pressure sensor and a flow rate adjusting device may be installed in each square wall so that the pressure in each square wall can be controlled.

It is a top view which shows the embodiment for carrying out an invention. It is a perspective view which shows Example 1. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows Example 2. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows Example 2. FIG. It is a horizontal view which shows Example 3. FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows Example 4. FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows Example 5. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows Example 6. It is a horizontal view which shows Example 7. FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows Example 8. FIG. It is a horizontal view which shows Example 9. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows Example 10. It is a perspective view which shows Example 10.

The direction of the center line of the left and right hydroelectric walls is referred to as the inside or inside direction, and the opposite side of the center line is referred to as the outside or outside direction. The wall provided on the outside of the wall for hydroelectric power generation is called the wall of the step decompression channel.

A mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Two walls (1) for hydroelectric power generation are provided in the flow of fluid to form a water channel. A hydroelectric generator (4) is provided between the left and right hydroelectric power generation walls (1). The distance between the left and right hydroelectric wall (1) is wide on the inlet side of the water flow, and narrows toward the hydroelectric generator (4). On the outside of the left and right hydroelectric power generation walls (1), a step decompression channel wall (2) is provided, respectively, between the hydroelectric power generation wall (1) and the step decompression channel wall (2). It is also possible for fluid to flow, which is called the step decompression channel (3). Since the intake port of the step decompression channel (3) is wide and the drain port is narrow, the water pressure increases toward the drain port. However, the water pressure should be lower than the water pressure in the water channel formed by the wall for hydroelectric power generation and higher than the water pressure of the fluid flowing outside the wall (2) of the step decompression water channel in various parts of the water channel. For the high pressure part of each channel, it is necessary to take measures such as hardening with mortar or laying a sheet so that the bottom of the water is not scraped.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the first embodiment. The wall of the stepped decompression type canal is also provided in the vertical direction, and it is called a square wall because the upper, lower, left and right walls form a quadrangle. A square wall (6) of the first decompression channel is provided outside the square wall (5) for hydroelectric power generation, and a square wall (7) of the second decompression channel is provided outside the square wall (6) of the first decompression channel. It is provided. Each square wall is shaped like an isosceles trapezoidal prism with a prism attached to the upper base. However, the square wall (5) for hydroelectric power generation protrudes from the drainage port of the square wall (6) of the first decompression channel, and is shaped like an isosceles trapezoidal square pillar is also attached to the drainage port side. It has become. Each square wall has a hollow structure and allows fluid to flow inside. First, by making such a three-dimensional structure, there is an advantage that the bottom of the water cannot be scraped by the water flow. In addition, since it can be installed under the surface of the water, it is not necessary to take measures against strong winds such as typhoons. It may be circular, but in order to generate practical power with this device, it seems necessary to make the height and width of the intake port several tens of meters or more, so a linear structure is cheaper. It can be suppressed. If you take a method such as putting a curtain on the steel frame, the construction period will be shorter and the weight will be lighter. Each square wall must be fixed with stanchions to keep the gap constant. The shape of the water collecting portion may be rectangular.

The drainage port side of the square wall (6) of the first decompression water channel and the square wall (7) of the second decompression water channel is shorter than the square wall (5) for hydroelectric power generation. 5) It conforms to the position of the water turbine of the hydroelectric generator installed inside. The fluid generates energy by turning the water wheel of the hydraulic generator with energy such as flow velocity and water pressure, but the fluid that has lost the energy after passing through the water wheel has a low flow velocity and pressure, so assistance by the decompression water channel is not so necessary. In addition, the shape of the square wall (5) for hydroelectric power generation, which is shaped like an isosceles trapezoidal prism attached to the drainage port side, allows the speed of the fluid flowing out of the drainage port to flow outside the device. This is to keep it below the speed of the fluid. If the speed of the fluid coming out of the drain is too fast, the fluid flowing outside the device will act like a wall and the flow will be impaired, and the amount of fluid flowing in from the intake of the square wall (5) for hydroelectric power generation. Is reduced. The higher the power generation efficiency of the hydroelectric generator, the smaller the size of the drainage port may be. When using an inefficient hydroelectric generator, sufficient energy cannot be extracted from the water flow, and the pressure inside the square wall (5) for hydroelectric power generation is also high, so if necessary, the square wall of the first decompression channel (6). ) And the position of the drain port of the square wall (7) of the second decompression channel.

3 and 4 are perspective views showing the second embodiment. In front of the water intake of FIG. 2, a device for adjusting the flow rate so as to form a triangular prism is provided. One of the sides of the triangular prism is connected to the intake of the square wall (7) of the second decompression channel, the other two sides are covered with a net (8), and the winding shaft (10) of the flow regulator is two each. They are installed one by one. Further, the upper and lower surfaces are covered with a foreign matter inflow prevention cover (9). FIG. 14 shows the development of the curtain (11) of the flow rate adjusting device. The sharp tip prevents foreign matter from sticking to the net, and also dissipates the pressure of the fluid applied when the curtain (11) of the flow rate adjusting device is unfolded.

FIG. 5 is a horizontal view showing the third embodiment. It is a figure which installed Example 2 on the seabed (13). Each part of the device is supported by stanchions (12), and the entire device is installed below sea level (14). This device is supposed to be submerged on the seabed. When installing in the sea, it is desirable not to go above the sea level even at low tide.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a stepwise decompression type square water channel type water collecting type hydroelectric power generation device showing the fourth embodiment. Inside the square wall (7) of the second decompression channel is the square wall (6) of the first decompression channel, and inside the square wall (6) of the first decompression channel is the square wall (5) for hydroelectric power generation. .. There is a gap through which fluid flows between the square wall (7) of the second decompression channel and the square wall (6) of the first decompression channel, which is called the second decompression channel (16), and the square wall of one decompression channel. There is also a gap through which fluid flows between (6) and the square wall (5) for hydroelectric power generation, and this is called the first decompression channel (15). The water pressure at each location in the first decompression channel (15) is lower than the pressure of the fluid in the square wall (5) for hydroelectric power generation at the adjacent location, and higher than the pressure of the fluid in the second decompression channel (16). high. Similarly, the water pressure at each location in the second decompression channel (16) is lower than the pressure of the fluid in the first decompression channel (15) at the adjacent location and higher than the pressure of the fluid flowing outside the apparatus. A hydroelectric generator (4) is provided inside the square wall (5) for hydroelectric power generation. Since the cross section of the square wall (5) for hydroelectric power generation is square, the cross section of the water channel may be circular so that the water turbine of the hydroelectric generator (4) can generate electricity efficiently. Each square wall and the hydroelectric generator (4) are fixed by a support portion so as to maintain an internal gap, but are omitted in the figure. Further, the stepwise decompression type square water channel type water collecting type hydroelectric power generation device is submerged in the seabed (13) and held by a support (12).

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view in the horizontal direction showing the fifth embodiment. It was mentioned earlier that this hydroelectric power generation device would be installed on the seabed. However, unlike ocean currents, ocean currents are not always in a fixed direction. By deploying the curtain (11) of the flow rate adjusting device for changes in the direction of the ocean current on only one side, it is possible to take in the ocean current even if the direction of the ocean current changes and not reduce the amount of power generation. .. If only the pressure of the fluid is to be passed, the acute-angled side of the flow rate adjusting device provided in front of the intake may be horizontal, but in order to cope with the change in the direction of the ocean current, it is necessary to make it horizontal. The sharp sides of the device that regulates the flow rate should be vertical. Further, the square wall (7) of the second decompression channel projects in parallel without widening the frontage to form the square wall (7b) of the second decompression channel, and the square wall (5) for hydroelectric power generation and the first. It extends forward from the catchment part (6) of the square wall of the decompression channel in order to reduce the bias of the pressure of the sea current. Further, a net (8) or a curtain (11) of the flow rate adjusting device may be provided on the rectangular wall (7b) of the second decompression channel.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the sixth embodiment. This is a skeleton (19) reinforced with a staged decompression type square water channel type water collecting type hydroelectric power generation device. When it is attempted to be installed in the sea as shown in FIG. 5, it costs a lot to assemble the structure in the sea. Therefore, it is better to assemble a skeleton (19) on land, assemble a stepwise decompression type square waterway type water collecting type hydroelectric power generation device in it, and transport it to the sea for installation. The base (20) may be installed on the seabed in advance, or may be adjusted on land according to the shape of the seabed. Further, if the skeleton (19) becomes too large, the entire skeleton may be manufactured by dividing it into several parts and stacked like a block. Since the generator requires relatively maintenance, if only that part can be removed, it will be easier to pull up and install it, and if you replace it with a substitute when removing it, you can increase the operating rate. can.

FIG. 9 is a side view showing the seventh embodiment. It is a figure which is going to install the stage decompression type square waterway type water collection type hydroelectric power generation device (24) housed in the frame on the seabed (13) by using a crane vessel (21). Since the ocean current generally slows down on the seabed, the legs of the stepped decompression type square waterway type water collecting type hydroelectric power generation device (24) stored in the skeleton are raised. However, it is desirable that the step decompression type square waterway type water collecting type hydroelectric power generation device (24) housed in the frame is not exposed to the sea surface even at low tide. Since it is easier to pull it up to the sea for maintenance, the connecting part (23) and the cable on the main body side can be submerged in the sea as it is to save the trouble of attaching it when pulling up.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the eighth embodiment. The square wall (6) of the first decompression channel is provided on the outside of the square wall (5) for hydroelectric power generation, and the square wall (7) of the second decompression channel is further provided on the outside of the square wall (7) for hydroelectric power generation. A connecting portion (25) is provided at the tip of the square wall (5), and is connected to a cylindrical pressure resistant tube (26). If the water channel is a step-decompressed water channel and is nested as shown in FIG. 6, it takes time and effort to install and maintain the power generation device and the like. If the water flow can be narrowed down to several meters, it may be better to use a steel pipe with high pressure resistance. If the cylindrical pressure-resistant pipe (26) is used, the step decompression channel is not required, so the drain port of the first decompression channel (15) and the drain port of the second decompression channel (16) are located around the connection portion (25). Place and discharge the water flow of the canal that is no longer needed. If the water pressure near the intake is low and assistance from the decompression canal is not required, the square wall for hydroelectric power generation (5) and the square wall of the first decompression canal (6) and the square wall of the second decompression canal (7). The water intakes do not have to be in the same position. If the cylindrical pressure-resistant tube (26) can be used, the options for the hydroelectric generator that can be installed are expanded.

FIG. 11 is a side view showing the ninth embodiment. The generator storage unit (31) is installed on a pedestal (32) on the sea, and the pedestal on the sea is supported by a support (12). A rotating shaft (27) extends from the generator storage unit (31) into the sea and is connected to a water turbine storage unit (28) installed on a platform under the sea. A cylindrical pressure-resistant tube (26) extends from the water turbine storage portion (28) and is connected to a step decompression type square water collector (30) stored in the framework. The step decompression type square water collector (30) stored in the frame collects the sea current, and the water wheel of the water wheel storage part (28) is rotated by the force, and the water wheel of the water wheel storage part (28) has a rotating shaft (27). Turn it to cause the generator in the generator storage unit (31) to generate electricity. By not submerging the generator in the sea, the generator of the existing design can be diverted and the development cost can be suppressed. The axis of rotation (27) may be stored in a cylinder so as not to be directly exposed to the wave wind.

An explanation will be given based on the tenth embodiment with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. As mentioned above, the entire skeleton may be manufactured by dividing it into several parts and stacked like a block, but this is an example. FIG. 12 is a diagram in which the intake portion is assembled with a skeleton consisting of seven pieces (19a to 19g), and FIG. 13 is a diagram in which the seven skeletons (19a to 19g) are disassembled. The present invention is intended to be installed in a sea area where the current of the ocean current is weak, and therefore it is desirable that the intake is as large as possible. However, when the entire device becomes large, the construction site is limited and it becomes difficult to transport and install it. If this device could be divided into blocks of about 10 m square, the cost would be reduced and the manufacturing period would be shortened.

1 Wall for hydroelectric power generation 2 Stage decompression water channel wall 3 Stage decompression water channel 4 Hydroelectric generator 5 Square wall for hydroelectric power generation 6 Square wall of 1st decompression water channel 7 Square wall of 2nd decompression water channel 7b Square of 2nd decompression water channel Wall 8 Net surface 9 Foreign matter inflow prevention cover 10 Wind adjustment device curtain winding shaft 11 Flow adjustment device curtain 12 Pillar 13 Sea bottom 14 Sea surface 15 First decompression water channel 16 Second decompression water channel 17 Flow adjustment device curtain winding shaft Tip 18 Sea flow 19 Frame 19a Frame 19b Frame 19c Frame 19d Frame 19e Frame 19f Frame 19g Frame 20 Base 21 Crane ship 22 Cable 23 Connection part 24 Stage decompression type square water channel type hydroelectric generator 25 connection Part 26 Cylindrical pressure resistant tube 27 Rotating shaft 28 Water turbine storage part 29 Drain port 30 Stage decompression type square water collector 31 Generator storage part 32 units stored in the frame

Claims (2)

A water channel is created by using a wall in the flow of fluid, the cross-sectional area is gradually reduced from the intake port in the water channel, and a water wheel of a hydroelectric generator is installed at the end of the water channel. A new wall will be created on the outside of the wall to create a waterway, but the cross-sectional area of the waterway will be gradually smaller than that of the intake, and the waterway will be lower than the pressure of the fluid in the waterway flowing to the hydroelectric generator at each part. Also, a staged decompression canal type hydroelectric power generator designed to be higher than the pressure of the fluid flowing outside the new wall. In the square-shaped intake, the surface of the net is stretched so as to form a triangular prism from the two facing sides toward the front of the intake, and each of the surfaces of the net is provided with multiple opening / closing curtains for adjusting the inflow of fluid. , The stage decompression type water channel type water collecting type hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 1, wherein waterproof curtains are provided on the two bottom surfaces of the triangular prism.

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