JP2022063841A - 空気検出および排除を備えた空気圧結合された流体制御システムおよびプロセス - Google Patents
空気検出および排除を備えた空気圧結合された流体制御システムおよびプロセス Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、米国特許法第119条(e)の下で、2013年5月23日に出願された、米国仮特許出願第61/826,863号の利益を主張し、その開示が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
a)シンク(患者)に供給された液体の量
b)流体ライン内の空気の量
c)供給源の流体圧力
d)供給源の流体インピーダンス
e)シンク(患者)のライン圧力
f)シンク(患者)のラインインピーダンス
g)モーター運動の検証
h)ベント機能の検証
PV=nRT
である。ここで、
Pは、気体の絶対圧力であり、圧力センサーによって測定され、
Vは、気体の体積であり、モーターのステップ数によって判断され、
nは、体積内の気体のモル数で、ここでは不変であり、
Rは、一般気体定数であり、そして、
Tは、絶対温度である。
P1V1/n1R1T=P2V2/n2R2T2
本システムでは、n1=n2およびR1=R2であり、絶対温度T1およびT2が、測定される時間間隔で有効に不変である。体積V1およびV2は、リザーバー120内、カセット内および、リザーバー120と室170との間の導管などのデッドスペース内の総ガス容積である。リザーバーの容積は、計算によって決定できる。デッドスペースの容積は不変であり、カセット内の総含有容積は変わらない。従って、カセット内の液体体積における変化はこの関係から計算できる。圧力P1およびP2は、2つの時間において測定された圧力であり、それは、容積変化の前と後であり得る。従って、関係は、
P1V1=P2V2
となる。
Vchange=A(Dinit-Dfinal-1) (1)
=1.3cm2(1cm-2cm)
=-1.3cm3
アクチュエータがDinitにある時の圧力がPinit=15psiと測定され、アクチュエータがDfinalにある時にはPfinal-1=20psiと測定される。時間t1における初期の容積Vinitは、その結果、次のように計算される。
5.65cm3-5.2cm3=0.43cm3
である。この値が、累積的に供給される量を増加させるために使用される。流体の容積変化が分かっているので、流体シンクに供給される流体の量が、アクチュエータの既知の漸増直線移動と連携された圧力測定値だけを使用して正確に監視できる。
MOTmcl=17.3μL
MOTstroke=88
VOLdel=0μL
MOTmclは、ベローまたはピストンの有効表面積×単一ステップの直線移動に基づき計算された定数である。MOTstrokeは、公称FULL DELIVERYサイクル内で取られるモーターステップの数である。図17で、実線は注入の目標速度(VOLtgt/SECtgt)である。点線は、START TIMEからTIME NOWまでに経過した期間中の実際の注入速度(VOLdel/SECelp)を示す。破線は、目標速度を満足するために計算された注入速度である。目標容積、VOLtgt、次のフルストロークの終わりで供給される液体の量、の計算は、次のとおりである。
VOLtgt=VOLdel+(MOTmcl*MOTstroke)
注入の開始から経過した時間、SECelp(秒単位)が、以下のように計算される。
SECelp=TIME NOW-START TIME
それは、必要ならば、以下のように、mL/時間からμL/秒に変換できる。
SECendstroke=VOLtgt/RATE(μL/秒)
目標(秒単位)を達成するために次のストロークが完了されるべき時間が、以下のように計算される。
SECstroke=SECendstroke-SECelp
その速度を達成するためのモーターステップ間の時間、MOTbtwsteps(ミリ秒に変換される)が、以下のように計算される。
MOTbtwsteps=SECstroke*1000/MOTstroke
MOTOR COUNT=100、
MOTOR STEPS=400、かつ
STROKE VOL=1,000μlの場合、
DELIVERED VOL INTERIM=(100/400)*1000=250μLである。
OWED VOL=(NOW-START TIME)*(TARGET VOL/START TIME)
制御装置150は、シンクに供給された容積、DELIVERED VOLを追跡する。
STEP TIME=TARGET STROKE VOL/MOTOR STEPS
Vchange=A(Dinit-Dfinal-1) (1)
=1.3cm2(1cm-2cm)
=-0.26cm3
アクチュエータがDinitにある時の圧力がPinit=15.00psiと測定され、アクチュエータがDfinalにある時にはPfinal-1=17.00psiと測定される。時間t1における初期の容積Vinitが、その結果、次のように計算される。
2.260cm3-2.210cm3=0.05cm3
=50μL
である。
総ストローク容積=1,500μL(システムによって一定)
総ストロークあたりのステップ=400(システムによって一定)
ストローク内のステップあたりの容積=1,500μL/400ステップ=3.75μL
また、この例に対して、往復要素が5ステップ(例えば、モーターステップ位置140からモーターステップ位置135へ)移動すると仮定する。これらの5ステップによって変位される容積は、
5ステップ*3.75μL/ステップ=18.75μL
開始時における容積が以前の計算から分かっていて(正しい?)、例えば、525.00μLとされ得る。この動きに起因した最終的な容積変位が次のように計算される。
525.00μL-18.75μL=506.25μL
初期圧力Piが、15.00PSIaと測定される。導出される最終圧力Pfは、15.22である。従って、理想気体の法則の比較から、時間tnにおけるガスのシステム容積Vnは、次のように判断される:
(Vn+Vi)*Pi=(Vn+Vf)*Pf
Vn*Pi-Vn*Pf=Vf*Pf-Vi*Pi
Vn*(Pi-Pf)=Vf*Pf-Vi*Pi
Vn=(Vf*Pf-Vi*Pi)/(Pi-Pf)
従って、
Vn=((506.25μL*15.22PSIa)-(5.25μL*15.00PSIa))/(15.00PSIa-15.22PSIa)
=772.2μL
空圧駆動の制御された動きの前後に、検知された圧力データを受信すること、
圧力データを、上記制御された動きから生じたガス容積における既知の変化と比較すること、ならびに
圧力データに基づくガスの容積、および検知された圧力データと既知のガス容積との間の理想気体の法則の関係に基づくガス容積における既知の変化を計算すること
を行うように動作可能である、流体制御システムまたはプロセス。
Claims (11)
- 流体供給源から液体シンクへの流体輸液を制御するためのプロセスであって、
液体を、流体側室が流体で満ちるまで、前記流体供給源から前記流体側室へ一方向入口弁を通って引き出すために、可撓性膜で前記流体側室から分離されたガス側室と流体連結されたガスリザーバーに負の圧力をかけるステップa)と、
前記流体側室内の液体を前記液体シンクへ一方向出口弁を通って供給する一連の離散的ステップとして、前記ガスリザーバーの容積における複数の既知の漸増する変化をもたらすことにより、前記ガス側室と流体連結されたガスリザーバー上に正の圧力をかけるステップb)であって、前記一方向入口弁および前記一方向出口弁は、それぞれ受動的に作動され、かつ上流の流体と下流の流体との間の圧力差が所定のクラッキング圧に達するときにのみ開く、ステップb)と、
前記ステップa)および前記ステップb)の最中に前記ガスリザーバー内の圧力を監視するステップc)と、
前記流体側室内の流体の容積を、P1V1=P2V2である理想気体の法則の関係により、前記ガスリザーバーおよび前記ガス側室および任意の連結デッドスペースの容積における複数の既知の漸増する変化から判断するステップd)であって、式中、P1およびP2は、それぞれ、容積変化の前後に測定された圧力であり、V1およびV2は、それぞれ、前記容積変化の前後に測定された容積である、ステップd)と、
を含む、プロセス。 - 前記ステップa)、前記ステップb)、前記ステップc)、および前記ステップd)を繰り返すことであって、前記液体シンクに供給された流体の総容積は、計算された容積変化を以前に判断された総容積に追加することにより、前記ステップa)、前記ステップb)、前記ステップc)、および前記ステップd)の各連続的繰り返しの後に判断されること
をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - 前記ステップa)において、前記負の圧力は、前記一方向入口弁が開き、流体が前記流体側室に流れ込むように、前記一方向入口弁の全体にわたる圧力差が前記一方向入口弁の所定のクラッキング圧に達するまでかけられ、前記負の圧力は、前記ステップd)において判断された容積により判断される際に前記流体側室が流体で満ちるまで、追加的に流体を前記流体側室に引き込み続けるようにかけられる、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ステップb)において、前記正の圧力は、前記一方向出口弁が開き、流体が前記流体側室から流れ出るように、前記一方向出口弁の全体にわたる圧力差が前記一方向出口弁の所定のクラッキング圧に達するまでかけられ、前記正の圧力は、前記ステップd)において判断された容積により判断される際に前記流体側室が流体を空にされるまで、追加的に流体を前記流体側室から供給し続けるようにかけられる、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記流体側室および前記ガス側室の全体としての容積は固定されており、前記ガスリザーバーの容積は、往復要素および双方向型線形アクチュエータを用いて既知でかつ制御された量だけ可変である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ステップc)から圧力トレンドが判断され、さらに、前記圧力トレンドは、前記流体側室の上流、前記流体側室の下流、または両方の1つ以上の状態を示し、前記1つ以上の状態は、前記流体供給源内の残っている流体の指標、前記流体側室内の空気、上流ライン内の閉塞、下流ライン内の閉塞、および出力ライン内の切断のうち少なくとも1つから成る群から選択される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ステップc)から圧力トレンドが判断され、さらに、前記圧力トレンドは流体流路内の空気を示す、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記負の圧力および前記正の圧力は、
一端にて線形アクチュエータに連結されたベローであって、前記ベローの内部は、前記ガスリザーバーの少なくとも一部を備える、ベローと、
シリンダ内で往復可能なピストンであって、前記シリンダは、前記ガスリザーバーの少なくとも一部を備える、ピストンと、
から成る群から選択される往復要素を用いてかけられる、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - 前記ステップd)において、前記ガスリザーバーの容積における各既知の漸増する変化の前後に検知された圧力データが受信され、前記検知された圧力データは、前記ガスリザーバーの容積における既知の漸増する変化に起因するガス体積における既知の変化と比較され、前記検知された圧力データと、前記ガスリザーバーの容積における既知の漸増する変化との間で前記理想気体の法則の関係に基づいて、前記検知された圧力データおよび前記ガスリザーバーの容積における既知の漸増する変化に基づいてガスの総容積が計算される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記液体シンクに供給された流体の総容積を定期的に判断することと、
前記液体シンクに供給された流体の総容積が所定の目標容積に等しくなるまで、前記ステップa)、前記ステップb)、前記ステップc)、および前記ステップd)を繰り返すことと、
を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - 前記液体シンクに供給された流体の流速を計算するために、経時的に前記液体シンクに供給された流体の容積における変化を定期的に監視することと、
前記液体シンクに供給された流体の流速が所定の目標流速に等しくなるまで、前記ガスリザーバーの体積における複数の既知の漸増する変化をもたらす割合を調整することと、
を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
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