JP2022043758A - Measuring device and surveying system - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a measuring device and a surveying system that simplify measurement work of upper floors based on lower floors of the upper floors, and further simplify measurement of three-dimensional data of multi-layered structure based on the lower floors.SOLUTION: A surveying device includes: a leveling table 2; a device body 3 mounted on the leveling table; and a prism 21 that is provided on the device body and recursively reflects light from vertically below. The device body has a measurement center. The prism has an optical center. The measurement center and the optical center have a known relationship. The device body and the prism are integrally leveled.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a measuring device used for vertical measurement, or a surveying system for performing three-dimensional measurement of a multi-story structure using the measuring device.

In a multi-story structure, when measuring the reference point of the upper floor from the reference point of the lower floor, a through hole (ink hole) is provided on the floor above the floor so as to be located vertically above the reference point of the lower floor. , A vertical target device with a downwardly directed prism is installed in the through hole, a laser beam is emitted vertically upward from the measuring device installed at the reference point on the lower floor, and the reflected light from the prism is detected to detect the prism. Is further measured, and the reference point of the lower floor is transferred to the upper floor based on the measurement result, or the position of the lower floor with respect to the reference point is known.

Further, a surveying device is installed at the second reference point on the upper floor, which is a transfer of the reference point on the lower floor, or the second reference point on the upper floor, which is known to the reference point on the lower floor. The upper floors are measured with reference to the reference point, or a horizontal target device is installed at the second reference point, and the position with respect to the second reference point is measured by measuring the horizontal target device.

Therefore, conventionally, two steps of transferring the reference point to the upper floor, making the second reference point of the upper floor known, and installing the surveying device at the second reference point are required, and further, the horizontal target device. And a device such as a surveying device to be installed at the second reference point was required.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11-304488 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2019-21319 Japanese Patent No. 308293

The present invention provides a measuring device and a surveying system that simplifies the measurement work of the upper floors based on the lower floors of the upper floors and further simplifies the measurement of three-dimensional data of a multilayer structure based on the lower floors. It is to provide.

The present invention has a leveling table, a device body mounted on the leveling table, and a prism provided on the device body that retroreflects light from vertically below, and the device body has a measurement center. The prism has an optical center, and the measurement center and the optical center have a known relationship, and the present invention relates to a measurement device configured such that the device main body and the prism are integrally leveled. It is a thing.

Further, in the present invention, a hole penetrating up and down is provided in the central portion of the leveling table, the apparatus main body has a center line passing through the measurement center, and the prism is provided so as to face the penetrating hole. The present invention relates to a measuring device having a known relationship between the measurement center and the optical center of the prism with respect to the center line.

Further, in the present invention, the apparatus main body has a plug portion that fits with the leveling table, the prism is provided on the lower surface of the plug portion, and the optical center of the prism is located on the center line. The present invention relates to a measuring device in which the distance between the optical center and the measuring center is known.

The present invention also relates to a measuring device in which the prism is held by a prism holder, and the prism holder is removable from the plug portion.

Further, in the present invention, the main body of the device is a measuring device, and the main body of the device has a rack portion that can rotate horizontally about a horizontal rotation axis and a measurement provided on the rack portion so as to be rotatable in the vertical direction. The prism is provided on the lower surface of the measuring section, and an optical path penetrating the frame is formed at the center of the horizontal rotation axis. In the reference posture of the measuring section, the prism has the optical path. The present invention relates to a measuring device in which the optical center of the prism is located on the center line and the distance between the optical center and the measurement center is known.

Further, in the present invention, the main body of the device is a measuring device, and the main body of the device has a rack that can rotate horizontally about a horizontal rotation axis and a measurement provided on the rack so that it can rotate in the vertical direction. A portion and a prism holder mounted horizontally from the side surface of the rack portion are provided, an optical path penetrating the rack portion is formed at the center of the horizontal rotation axis, and the prism holder is an inner end portion. The deflecting optical member has the prism at the outer end portion, and the deflecting optical member deflects the light beam incident from the optical path so as to enter the prism, and the optical path deflection point of the deflecting optical member and the measurement center are aligned with each other. The present invention relates to a measuring device in which the distance, the distance between the optical path deflection point and the optical center of the prism is the same, or the difference is known.

Further, the present invention relates to a measuring device in which the main body of the device is a GPS device and the measurement center of the GPS device and the optical center have a known positional relationship.

Further, in the present invention, the main body of the device is a prism device including an omnidirectional prism, and the omnidirectional prism has an optical center as a measurement center, and the measurement center and the optical center have a known positional relationship. It is related to the measuring device.

Further, the present invention relates to a measurement device in which the main body of the device is a target device including a target, the center of the target is a measurement center, and the center of measurement and the center of optics have a known positional relationship. be.

Further, the present invention includes the above-mentioned measuring device and a surveying device capable of measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the object to be measured vertically above, and a surveying device capable of measuring vertically above the original reference point on the lower floor is a reference surveying device. It relates to a surveying system configured to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center of the prism provided in the main body of the device through a black hole provided on the floor of the upper floor by the reference surveying device.

Further, the present invention includes the above-mentioned measuring device and a surveying device capable of measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the object to be measured vertically above, and a surveying device capable of measuring vertically above the original reference point on the lower floor is used as a reference surveying device. It relates to a surveying system configured to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center of a prism provided in the main body of the device through a black hole provided on the floor of the upper floor by the reference surveying device.

Further, the present invention includes the above-mentioned measuring device and a surveying device capable of measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the object to be measured vertically above, and a surveying device capable of measuring vertically above the original reference point on the lower floor is used as a reference surveying device. It relates to a surveying system configured to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center of a prism provided in the main body of the device through a black hole provided on the floor of the upper floor by the reference surveying device.

Further, in the present invention, a prism or an omnidirectional prism is provided at the upper end position of the measuring device, and the positional relationship between the optical center of the prism or the omnidirectional prism and the measuring center of the measuring device is set to be known. It is related to the system.

Further, in the present invention, the reference surveying device is a total station, measures three-dimensional coordinates with respect to the original reference point of the optical center, and the deviation between the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center and the original reference point and the said. It relates to a surveying system that measures three-dimensional coordinates with respect to the original reference point of the measurement center based on a known positional relationship between the measurement center and the optical center.

Further, in the present invention, the measuring device is a total station or a laser scanner installed above a black hole provided vertically above the original reference point on the upper floor, and is a measurement center reference measured by the measuring device. It relates to a surveying system that converts measurement data into measurement data based on the original reference point.

Further, in the present invention, the main body of the device measures the earth coordinates of the optical center based on the ground coordinates of the measurement center of the GPS device measured by the GPS device and the known positional relationship, and determines the original reference point of the optical center. It relates to a surveying system that converts measurement data acquired by the reference surveying device into earth coordinates based on the reference three-dimensional coordinates and the earth coordinates.

The present invention further includes an omnidirectional prism installed at the upper end position of the GPS device and a local surveying device installed on the upper floor, and positions the optical center of the omnidirectional prism and the measurement center of the GPS device. The relationship is set to be known, the local surveying device acquires measurement data for the upper floors and measures the omnidirectional prism, and the local surveying device or the reference surveying device is the measurement result of the omnidirectional prism and the whole. It relates to a surveying system that converts the measurement data of the local surveying apparatus into three-dimensional data of the earth coordinates based on the known positional relationship between the optical center of the azimuth prism, the measurement center, and the optical center.

Further, the present invention further includes a local surveying device installed on the upper floor, and the local surveying device acquires measurement data on the upper floor and measures the omnidirectional prism, and the local surveying device or the reference surveying device. Is based on the measurement result of the omnidirectional prism and the known positional relationship between the optical center of the omnidirectional prism, the measurement center, and the optical center, and the measurement data of the local surveying apparatus is referred to the original reference point. It relates to a surveying system that converts into three-dimensional data.

Furthermore, the present invention further comprises a local surveying apparatus installed on the upper floor, wherein the local surveying apparatus acquires measurement data for the upper floor and measures the measurement center of the measuring apparatus, and the local surveying apparatus or the local surveying apparatus. The reference surveying device converts the measurement data of the local surveying device into three-dimensional data based on the original reference point based on the measurement result of the measurement center and the known positional relationship between the measurement center and the optical center. It is related to the surveying system.

According to the present invention, the leveling table has a leveling table, a device body mounted on the leveling table, and a prism provided on the device body that retroreflects light from vertically below, and the device body measures. It has a center, the prism has an optical center, the measurement center and the optical center have a known relationship, and the device main body and the prism are configured to be integrally leveled, so that the lower part is formed. By measuring the prism from the above, the measurement center of the measuring device can be immediately known.

Further, according to the present invention, the measuring device and the surveying device capable of measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the object to be measured vertically above are provided, and the surveying device capable of measuring vertically above the original reference point on the lower floor is used as a reference survey. Since it was installed as a device and the reference surveying device was configured to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center of the prism provided in the device body through the ink holes provided on the floor of the upper floor, the device body was strictly measured. There is no need to install it vertically above the reference point, and it has the excellent effect of being able to easily set the reference point on the upper floors based on the original reference point.

Further, according to the present invention, the measuring device is a total station or a laser scanner installed above a black hole provided vertically above the original reference point on the upper floor, and is a measurement center measured by the measuring device. Since the reference measurement data is converted into the measurement data based on the original reference point, the three-dimensional data of the multilayer structure based on the original reference point of the lower floor can be easily acquired.

Further, according to the present invention, the device main body measures the earth coordinates of the optical center based on the earth coordinates of the measurement center of the GPS device measured by the GPS device and the known positional relationship, and the original reference of the optical center. Since the measurement data acquired by the reference surveying device is converted to the earth coordinates based on the three-dimensional coordinates with respect to the point and the earth coordinates, the lower floor and the indoor earth coordinate system where the signal of the artificial satellite does not reach 3 You can get the dimensional coordinates.

Further, according to the present invention, the omnidirectional prism provided at the upper end position of the GPS device and the local surveying device installed on the upper floor are further provided, and the optical center of the omnidirectional prism and the measurement center of the GPS device are further provided. The positional relationship with the local survey device is set to be known, the local survey device acquires measurement data for the upper floors and measures the omnidirectional prism, and the local survey device or the reference survey device measures the measurement result of the omnidirectional prism. Based on the known positional relationship between the optical center of the omnidirectional prism, the measurement center, and the optical center, the measurement data of the local surveying device is converted into the three-dimensional data of the earth coordinates. It has an excellent effect of being able to easily acquire three-dimensional data of the earth coordinate system of a multi-layered structure based on points.

It is the schematic sectional drawing of the measuring apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. (A) and (B) are explanatory views of leveling operation. It is the schematic sectional drawing of the measuring apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the measuring apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the prism unit of the 3rd Example. It is a schematic diagram of the GPS apparatus as the measuring apparatus which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the measuring device which concerns on 5th Embodiment of this invention, and the measuring apparatus is a figure of a prism apparatus. It is a schematic diagram of the measuring apparatus which concerns on 6th Embodiment of this invention, and is the figure which shows the other example of a prism apparatus. It is the schematic of the measuring apparatus which concerns on 7th Embodiment of this invention, and the measuring apparatus is the figure of the target apparatus. It is a figure which shows the state which the target plate of the target apparatus is rotated. It is a schematic diagram of the 1st surveying system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the 2nd surveying system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the 3rd surveying system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the GPS apparatus as a measuring apparatus used in the surveying system which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a measuring device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

As the measuring device of the first embodiment, the surveying device 1 is shown. The surveying apparatus 1 mainly has a leveling table 2 and an apparatus main body 3 provided on the leveling table 2. Further, in the embodiment, a total station is shown as the device main body 3.

The leveling pedestal 2 has a pedestal 5 and a leveling plate 6, and a leveling screw 7 is provided between the leveling plate 6 and the pedestal 5, and the leveling screw 7 provides the leveling to the pedestal 5. The inclination of the quasi-plate 6 is adjusted. A through hole 8 is provided in the center of the pedestal 5.

A fitting hole 9 for mounting the apparatus main body 3 is provided in the central portion of the leveling plate 6. The fitting hole 9 penetrates the leveling plate 6 up and down. The fitting hole 9 may be a bottomed hole such as a counterbore hole, as long as the central portion penetrates the fitting hole 9. Therefore, the leveling table 2 is formed with a hole that penetrates the central portion up and down.

Further, the leveling plate 6 is provided with an inclination detector 11 for detecting the inclination of the leveling plate 6 with respect to the horizontal. The tilt detector 11 includes a tilt sensor, a bubble tube, or the like that can detect tilt.

The apparatus main body 3 has a base 13, a frame portion 14, and a measuring portion 15.

The base 13 has a plug portion 17 formed on the lower surface thereof to be fitted into the fitting hole 9, and a bearing portion 18 formed on the upper surface thereof. The plug portion 17 is fitted into the fitting hole 9, and the base 13 is fixed to the leveling plate 6. The plug portion 17 and the prism holder 19 are shown in a simplified manner.

A prism holder 19 is provided from below at the center of the plug portion 17. The prism holder 19 holds the prism 21 so as to face the fitting hole 9 and the through hole 8. The prism holder 19 may be fixedly provided on the base 13 or may be detachably provided. When the prism holder 19 is fixedly provided, the prism holder 19 may be omitted and the prism 21 may be provided directly on the base 13.

A horizontal rotation shaft 22 is rotatably provided in the bearing portion 18, the horizontal rotation shaft 22 is connected to the suspension portion 14, and the suspension portion 14 rotates in the horizontal direction about the horizontal rotation shaft 22. It is possible.

A horizontal rotary gear 23 is fixed to the bearing portion 18, and a horizontal drive gear 24 described later meshes with the horizontal rotary gear 23.

The suspension portion 14 houses the measurement unit 15 in a recess in the central portion, a vertical rotation shaft 25 extends horizontally from the measurement unit 15, and both ends of the vertical rotation shaft 25 are the suspension portions. It protrudes inside the 14. The measuring unit 15 is rotatably supported by the suspension unit 14 via the vertical rotating shaft 25.

A vertical rotation gear 26 is fixed to one end of the vertical rotation shaft 25. A vertical rotary motor 27 is provided inside the frame 14, a vertical drive gear 28 provided on the output shaft of the vertical rotary motor 27 meshes with the vertical rotary gear 26, and the vertical rotary motor 27 The measuring unit 15 is rotated in the vertical direction via the vertical drive gear 28, the vertical rotation gear 26, and the vertical rotation shaft 25. The vertical rotation motor 27, the vertical drive gear 28, the vertical rotation gear 26, and the like constitute a vertical drive unit 29.

A high / low angle detector 31 is provided at the other end of the vertical rotation shaft 25. The high / low angle detector 31 detects the rotation angle of the vertical rotation shaft 25, and for example, an encoder is used.

A horizontal rotary motor 32 is provided inside the frame portion 14, a horizontal drive gear 24 is provided on the output shaft of the horizontal rotary motor 32, and the horizontal drive gear 24 meshes with the horizontal rotary gear 23. do. The horizontal rotary motor 32, the horizontal drive gear 24, the horizontal rotary gear 23, and the like constitute a horizontal drive unit 33.

The horizontal rotation shaft 22 is provided with a horizontal angle detector 34. The horizontal angle detector 34 detects the rotation angle of the horizontal rotation shaft 22, and for example, an encoder is used.

An inclination detector 35 is provided inside the bracket 14. The tilt detector 11 includes a tilt sensor, a bubble tube, or the like that can detect tilt.

Either the tilt detector 11 provided on the leveling plate 6 or the tilt detector 35 provided on the bracket 14 may be omitted.

The measurement unit 15 has a measurement center O as a reference for measurement, and the measurement center O is located on the rotation axis center of the horizontal rotation axis 22, that is, on the rotation center line of the suspension unit 14. Further, this rotation center line coincides with the center line 36 of the apparatus main body 3. The state in which the distance measuring optical axis (not shown) of the measuring unit 15 is orthogonal to the center line of the apparatus main body 3 is defined as the reference posture of the measuring unit 15.

Further, the measuring unit 15 houses a light wave distance measuring unit (not shown) composed of a distance measuring optical system (not shown), a distance measuring calculation unit, and the like, and the distance measuring light is transmitted via the distance measuring optical system. The light wave distance is measured with reference to the measurement center by receiving the emitted and reflected distance measuring light.

A control unit (not shown) is provided inside the frame portion 14, and angle detection signals from the height / low angle detector 31 and the horizontal angle detector 34 are input to the control unit, and the control unit also receives the angle detection signals. The tilt detection signal from the tilt detector 11 and the horizontal angle detector 34 is input.

The control unit controls the distance measuring unit, the horizontal drive unit, and the vertical drive unit, and the distance measurement result from the distance measuring unit, the angle from the height / low angle detector 31, and the horizontal angle detector 34. The measurement point is measured three-dimensionally based on the detection signal.

The prism 21 has an optical center, the optical center is located on the rotation axis of the horizontal rotation axis 22, that is, on the center line 36, and the distance Hp between the optical center and the measurement center O is known. It has become. Therefore, the optical center and the measurement center O have a known relationship with respect to the center line 36. Further, the prism 21 retroreflects the incident light beam.

If the above-mentioned surveying device 1 is installed at the measurement reference point and the measurement is executed, the measurement can be performed as a normal surveying device with the measurement reference point as a reference, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement point can be acquired.

Further, the surveying device 1 can be used as a target device for vertical measurement when performing vertical measurement.

Hereinafter, the target function at the time of vertical measurement and the acquisition of three-dimensional coordinates based on the reference point of the lower floor will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 (A) and 2 (B).

1 and 2 (A) and 2 (B) show a case where a support device such as a tripod is omitted and the pedestal 5 is directly installed on the floor surface.

In FIGS. 1, 2 (A) and 2 (B), 37 is a floor slab on an upper floor, 38 is a floor surface, and 39 is a through hole (ink hole) 39 provided in the floor slab 37. ..

2 (A) and 2 (B) show a case where the surveying device 1 is installed on an inclined floor surface 38.

The surveying device 1 is installed on the floor surface 38 so that the measurement center of the surveying device 1 substantially coincides with the center of the black hole 39.

The leveling screw 7 is used to correct the inclination of the leveling plate 6 to make the leveling plate 6 horizontal (leveling). Whether or not the leveling plate 6 is leveled is confirmed by the tilt detector 11.

Further, since the device main body 3 is integrated with the leveling plate 6, the device main body 3 is also leveled by leveling the leveling plate 6. Whether or not the apparatus main body 3 is leveled can be confirmed by the detection result of the tilt detector 35. Further, as described above, either the tilt detector 11 or the tilt detector 35 can be omitted.

Furthermore, since the device main body 3 is integrated with the leveling plate 6, the distance between the measurement center O and the optical center of the prism 21 does not change, and in a state where the device body 3 is leveled, there is no change. The center line of the apparatus main body 3 is vertical.

Therefore, if the prism 21 is measured from vertically below with the device main body 3 leveled, the position of the measurement center O can be measured.

The optical center of the prism 21 can be measured by a reference surveying device (described later) installed on the lower floor. Those having a function of measuring vertically above, for example, a total station are used.

The reference surveying device is installed at a reference point (hereinafter referred to as an original reference point) set vertically below the black hole 39 on the lower floor, and the reference surveying device is the measurement data (3) based on the original reference point. Get the dimensional coordinates).

By measuring the prism 21 with the reference surveying device, the coordinate deviation of the measurement center O of the surveying device 1 with respect to the original reference point can be obtained.

Based on this coordinate deviation, the measurement result of the upper floor acquired by the surveying device 1 can be converted into measurement data (three-dimensional data) with reference to the original reference point.

A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

The measuring device shown in the second embodiment is a surveying device 1, and a total station is shown as the device main body 3. In FIG. 3, those equivalent to those shown in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

In the second embodiment, the prism 21 is provided in the measuring unit 15.

The horizontal rotation shaft 22 is a hollow shaft having an optical path 41 formed therein, and the center line of the optical path 41 coincides with the rotation center of the horizontal rotation shaft 22. Further, the optical path 41 is formed so as to penetrate the bracket portion 14 in the vertical direction.

A prism holder 19 is provided on the lower surface of the measuring unit 15, and the prism 21 directed downward faces the optical path 41, and further faces the fitting hole 9 and the through hole 8. , Is held.

The optical center of the prism 21 is positioned on the center line of the apparatus main body 3 when the measuring unit 15 is in the reference posture.

Thus, the light from vertically below enters the prism 21 through the through hole 8, the fitting hole 9, and the optical path 41, and is retroreflected by the prism 21.

Also in the second embodiment, the distance between the optical center of the prism 21 and the measurement center O is known.

When the surveying device 1 is installed at the position of the black hole 39 and is leveled by the leveling table 2 to enable vertical measurement, the control device changes the measuring unit based on the detection result of the high / low angle detector 31. Set 15 as the reference posture.

Since the measuring unit 15 is in the reference posture and the prism 21 faces vertically downward, the optical center of the prism 21 can be measured by a reference surveying device (not shown) installed on the lower floor.

The reference surveying device is installed at the original reference point on the lower floor, and the reference surveying device acquires measurement data (three-dimensional coordinates) based on the original reference point.

The optical center of the prism 21 is measured by the measurement of the prism 21 by the reference surveying device, and the coordinate deviation of the measurement center O of the surveying device 1 with respect to the original reference point can be obtained.

The work of converting the measurement of the upper floors by the surveying apparatus 1 and the measurement results of the upper floors into the measurement data with respect to the original reference point is the same as that of the first embodiment.

In the second embodiment, since an optical path passing through the horizontal rotation shaft 22 and the leveling table 2 is formed, the guide light is emitted from the measuring unit 15 vertically downward. Can be done. By emitting the guide light vertically downward, the position of the surveying device 1 can be visually confirmed, and the surveying device 1 can be easily installed at the reference point.

A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.

In the third embodiment, the surveying device 1 is shown as the measuring device, and the surveying device 1 includes a total station as the device main body 3.

In FIG. 4, the same reference numerals are given to those equivalent to those shown in FIG. 3, and the description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in Patent Document 3, some surveying devices include an centripetal telescope.

The centripetal telescope has an optical axis that coincides with the center line 36 of the surveying device, and is a telescope (not shown) that can visually confirm the installation position of the surveying device.

A telescope fitting hole 43 that passes horizontally above the horizontal rotation shaft 22 from the side surface of the frame portion 14 is provided, and an centripetal telescope (not shown) can be attached to and detached from the horizontal direction in the telescope fitting hole 43. There is.

In the third embodiment, after removing the centripetal telescope from the telescope fitting hole 43, the prism unit 44 is inserted into the telescope fitting hole 43.

The prism holder 45 of the prism unit 44 has the same shape as the lens barrel of the centripetal telescope, and has a hollow shape.

A deflection optical member (for example, a mirror or a prism) 46 is provided at the inner end portion (tip portion) of the prism holder 45. With the prism holder 45 mounted, the deflection optical member 46 is set to be located at the upper end of the optical path 41 (that is, on the center line), and is incident from vertically below along the center line 36. The light beam is deflected in the axial direction (horizontal direction) of the prism holder 45.

A prism 21 is provided at the outer end of the prism holder 45. The prism 21 is configured to face the fitting hole 9 and the through hole 8 via the deflection optical member 46. Further, although the prism 21 is exposed from the prism holder 45 in FIG. 4, it may be provided inside the prism holder 45.

The distance Hp between the reflection surface (that is, the optical path deflection point) of the deflection optical member 46 and the measurement center O (see FIG. 1) and the distance Hs between the reflection surface of the deflection optical member 46 and the optical center of the prism 21 are the same. It is set to be. If they cannot be set to be the same, the value (difference) of (Hp-Hs) is known. Therefore, the measurement center O and the optical center of the prism 21 have a known relationship with respect to the center line 36.

In the third embodiment, when the prism 21 is measured from below, the ranging light incident along the center line of the apparatus main body 3 is deflected by the deflection optical member 46 and incident on the prism 21. Further, it is retroreflected by the prism 21.

Further, as described above, since the distance Hp and the distance Hs are the same, the result of measuring the prism 21 from below is the same as the result of measuring the measurement center O, and the prism 21 is measured. The coordinates of the measurement center O can be measured with.

The prism 21 may be incorporated in the afferent telescope so that the afferent telescope and the prism unit 44 can be used in combination.

Further, in the case of a surveying device not provided with an centripetal telescope, a fitting hole into which the prism unit 44 can be mounted may be separately provided.

The surveying apparatus 1 is not limited to the total station, but includes a laser scanner, a transit, a level, a laser marking device, and the like.

FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment, and in the fourth embodiment, a GPS device 47 is shown as a measurement device. Further, the GPS unit 48 is shown as the main body of the device.

In FIG. 6, those equivalent to those shown in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals.

The GPS unit 48 has a base 49, and a GPS receiver 51 provided on the base 49 via a support column 50. In the figure, the leveling table shown by 2 is the same as that described in the first and second embodiments.

A plug portion 17 is formed on the lower surface of the base 49. The plug portion 17 can be fitted into the fitting hole 9 formed in the leveling plate 6, and the plug portion 17 is shared with those described in the first and second embodiments. Therefore, the GPS unit 48 can be mounted on the leveling table 2 shown in the first and second embodiments.

A prism holder 19 is provided on the lower surface of the plug portion 17 so as to face the fitting hole 9 and the through hole 8, and the prism holder 19 is provided with a prism 21 directed vertically downward.

The optical center of the prism 21 and the measurement center O of the GPS receiver 51 are on the center line of the GPS unit 48, and the distance between the optical center and the measurement center is known.

By installing the GPS unit 48 at the position of the black hole 39 and leveling the GPS unit 48 with the leveling table 2, the measurement center O and the optical center are located on a vertical line. By measuring the prism 21 with a reference surveying device in the lower layer, three-dimensional coordinates can be obtained with reference to the original reference point of the optical center of the prism 21. Further, from the vertical distance between the optical center and the measurement center O, three-dimensional coordinates can be obtained with reference to the original reference point of the measurement center O.

Further, based on the three-dimensional coordinates in the earth coordinate system of the measurement center O measured by the GPS receiver 51 and the measurement result based on the original reference point of the optical center, in the earth coordinate system of the original reference point. You can get 3D coordinates.

Further, based on the three-dimensional coordinates in the earth coordinate system of the original reference point, the measurement data acquired in the lower floor by the reference surveying device can be coordinate-converted into the three-dimensional data of the earth coordinate system.

The GPS device is installed in a place where a signal from an artificial satellite can be received, for example, on a rooftop.

FIG. 7 shows a fifth embodiment, and in the fifth embodiment, a prism device 52 is shown as a measuring device. Further, the prism unit 53 is shown as the main body of the apparatus.

In FIG. 7, those equivalent to those shown in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals.

The prism unit 53 has a base 49 and a corner cube 54 provided on the base 49 via a support column 50. In the figure, the leveling table shown by 2 is the same as that described in the first and second embodiments.

A plug portion 17 is formed on the lower surface of the base 49. The plug portion 17 is shared with those described in the first and second embodiments. Therefore, the prism unit 53 can be mounted on the leveling table 2 shown in the first and second embodiments.

A prism 21 directed vertically downward is provided on the lower surface of the plug portion 17. The distance between the optical center of the prism 21 and the optical center of the corner cube 54 is known.

The prism unit 53 is measured by measuring the prism 21 and making the position (three-dimensional coordinates) of the optical center of the corner cube 54 known from the known relationship between the prism 21 and the corner cube 54. Can be used as a reference. The position of the optical center of the corner cube 54 corresponds to the measurement center O shown in the above embodiment.

FIG. 8 shows a sixth embodiment, and the sixth embodiment shows another example of the prism device 52. In FIG. 8, those equivalent to those shown in FIGS. 1 and 8 are designated by the same reference numerals.

In the sixth embodiment, the prism unit 53 as the main body of the apparatus has an all-around prism 55. In the figure, the leveling table shown by 2 is the same as that described in the first and second embodiments.

Also in the sixth embodiment, the optical center of the all-around prism 55 and the optical center of the prism 21 are on the center line of the prism unit 53, and the optical center of the all-around prism 55 and the optical center of the prism 21 The distance is known.

By making the position (three-dimensional coordinates) of the optical center of the all-around prism 55 known by the measurement of the prism 21, the optical center of the all-around prism 55 becomes a measurement reference point (measurement center O), and the prism device Can be used as a reference for measurement on the upper floors.

Although the corner cubes and all-around prisms are shown in the fifth and sixth embodiments, it goes without saying that they may be omnidirectional prisms or a single prism.

9 and 10 show a seventh embodiment, and in the seventh embodiment, the target device 56 is shown as a measuring device. Further, the target device 56 includes a target unit 57 as a main body of the device.

In FIGS. 9 and 10, the same reference numerals are given to those equivalent to those shown in FIG.

The target unit 57 has a support plate 50 and a target plate 59 provided on the base 49 of the leveling table via a support column 50 and a frame 58. In the figure, the leveling table shown by 2 is the same as that described in the first and second embodiments.

The target plate 59 is rotatably supported by the frame 58 about a horizontal axis, and is maintained in a horizontal posture and a vertical posture.

The target plate 59 has a measurement center O that can be confirmed by image recognition, and the measurement center O is located on the center line of the target unit 57 that passes through the optical center of the prism 21, and the measurement center O and the optical center. The distance Hp to and from is known. Further, the measurement center O is on the horizontal axis, and the position of the measurement center O does not change even if the target plate 59 rotates.

By the measurement of the prism 21, the position (three-dimensional coordinates) of the measurement center O of the target unit 57 becomes known, and the measurement center O becomes the measurement reference point, and the target device can be used as the measurement reference.

FIG. 11 shows a first surveying system according to this embodiment.

As a measuring device used in the surveying system, a surveying device 1 is shown, and further, as an example of the surveying device 1, a total station is shown. As the total station, any of the surveying devices 1 shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 can be used.

A surveying device 1 is provided above the black hole 39. The surveying device 1 functions as a local surveying device 61 provided at a position away from the original reference point P.

The local surveying device 61 is installed on the floor surface 38 of the upper floor via the tripod 62, and the reference point (that is, the measurement center O) of the local surveying device 61 is installed so as to substantially coincide with the center of the black hole 39. The position is determined. The leveling table 2 sets the leveling of the local surveying device 61.

The original reference point P is set on the floor surface of the lower floor, and the surveying device 63 is installed at the original reference point. The surveying device 63 may be any surveying device capable of measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the object to be measured vertically above, and FIG. 7 shows a total station as an example of the surveying device.

Further, the surveying device 63 measures the three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement target as the original reference point P reference, and functions as the reference surveying device 63.

Distance measuring light is emitted vertically upward from the reference surveying device 63, the distance measuring light further irradiates the prism 21 (see FIGS. 1, 3, and 4), and the reference surveying device 63 reflects from the prism 21. The position of the prism 21 is measured by receiving light.

Based on the measurement result of the prism 21, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center of the prism 21 with respect to the original reference point P are acquired. Further, since the measurement center O of the surveying apparatus 1 exists on a vertical line passing through the optical center of the prism 21, the distance between the measurement center O and the optical center of the prism 21 is known, so that the measurement center Three-dimensional coordinates (hereinafter referred to as coordinate deviation) with reference to the original reference point P of O can be acquired.

Next, the local surveying apparatus 61 measures the upper floors. The measurement is performed on columns, walls, openings, floors, beams, interior materials, skeletons such as reinforcing bars, building members related to equipment, etc., and measurement data (three-dimensional coordinates) based on the measurement center O of the local surveying device 61. ) Is obtained.

Further, the measurement center O is known to have three-dimensional coordinates with respect to the original reference point P, and based on the three-dimensional coordinates, the measured value of the upper floor measured by the measuring device 1 is used as the original reference point P. Can be converted into three-dimensional coordinates based on.

Further, by performing the same measurement on the other upper floors, it is possible to measure the three-dimensional coordinates with respect to the original reference point P for all the floors of the building.

The three-dimensional coordinates (hereinafter referred to as three-dimensional data) acquired in the upper floors are converted into three-dimensional data with reference to the original reference point by transmitting the coordinate deviation from the reference surveying device 63 to the local surveying device 61. Data processing may be performed by the local surveying device 61, or the measurement data of the upper floor may be transmitted from the local surveying device 61 to the reference surveying device 63 and the data processing may be performed by the reference surveying device 63. good.

Alternatively, after the measurement of the upper floors is completed, the acquired data may be separately input to a PC or the like, and data processing such as data conversion may be performed by the PC or the like.

FIG. 12 shows a second surveying system according to the present embodiment, and in the second surveying system, a prism device 52 is used as a measuring device. Further, the case where the all-around prism 55 is used as the main body of the apparatus is shown.

As described above, when the prism device 52 is used as the measuring device, a new reference point (hereinafter referred to as a second reference point) with the measurement center O of the prism device 52 as a reference point of the original reference point on the lower floor is used. Can be set on the upper floors.

The second surveying system includes a local surveying device 61 installed on an upper floor. As the local surveying device 61, a device capable of measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement target, for example, a total station is used.

The prism device 52 is measured by the local surveying device 61, and the installation position of the local surveying device 61 (three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement center of the local surveying device 61) is measured with respect to the second reference point.

Next, the local surveying device 61 measures the upper floors. The measurement is performed on columns, walls, openings, floors, beams, interior materials, skeletons such as reinforcing bars, building members related to equipment, etc., and measurement data (three-dimensional coordinates) based on the measurement center O of the local surveying device 61. ) Is obtained.

Since the positional relationship between the measurement center O of the local surveying apparatus 61 and the second reference point is known, and the positional relationship between the original reference point and the second reference point is also known, the local surveying apparatus 61. The measurement data acquired in step 1 can be converted into three-dimensional measurement data based on the original reference point.

Therefore, it is possible to acquire the three-dimensional measurement data of the upper floors with respect to the original reference point.

Next, even when the target device 56 is used as the measurement device, the second reference point can be set on the upper floor, and the upper layer acquired by the local survey device is the same as described in the second survey system. The measurement data of the floor can be converted into three-dimensional measurement data with reference to the original reference point of the lower floor.

FIG. 13 shows a third surveying system according to the present embodiment. In the third surveying system, a surveying device 1 is used as a measuring device, and the surveying device 1 is provided with an omnidirectional prism 65. There is. Further, a total station is exemplified as the surveying apparatus 1.

As described in the first surveying system, the surveying device 1 functions as a local surveying device 61, particularly as a first local surveying device 61. A second local surveying device 68 is provided on the upper floors.

The position where the omnidirectional prism 65 is provided is the upper end of the bracket of the local surveying device 61, or when the handle 66 is provided as shown in FIG. 13, the omnidirectional prism is provided on the handle 66. 65 may be provided. In short, it suffices if it is provided at the upper end position of the local surveying apparatus 61 and a state in which light from all directions or substantially all directions is incident and retroreflected is realized.

Further, the optical center of the omnidirectional prism 65 and the measurement center O of the local surveying apparatus 61 have a known positional relationship.

The local surveying device 61 is installed, and a prism 21 (not shown; see FIGS. 1, 3, and 4) provided in the local surveying device 61 is measured by the reference surveying device 63, and further, the prism 21 and the above. From the relationship with the measurement center O of the local surveying device 61, the measurement center O of the local surveying device 61 is known with respect to the original reference point P, and the positions of the measurement center O and the optical center of the omnidirectional prism 65 are further known. From the relationship, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center of the omnidirectional prism 65 are known with reference to the original reference point P.

Thereby, the optical center of the omnidirectional prism 65 can be set as a new measurement reference in the upper floor.

The above-mentioned method of measuring the upper floors with the first local surveying device 61 and converting the measurement data into data with reference to the original reference point has been described above, but in the measurement of the first local surveying device 61, the blind spot portion Cannot be measured.

The second local surveying device 68 is installed at a position where the blind spot portion can be measured.

The second local surveying device 68 measures the omnidirectional prism 65 and identifies the installation position of the second local surveying device 68 with respect to the optical center of the omnidirectional prism 65.

Next, the second local surveying apparatus 68 measures the upper floor including the blind spot portion, converts the acquired measurement data into three-dimensional data based on the optical center of the omnidirectional prism 65, and further. Based on the relationship between the optical center and the original reference point, the data is converted into three-dimensional data based on the original reference point.

The conversion of the measurement data acquired by the second local surveying apparatus 68 into the measurement data based on the optical center and the conversion of the measurement data based on the optical center into the measurement data based on the original reference point are described above. It may be executed by any of the local surveying apparatus 68, the first local surveying apparatus 61, and the reference surveying apparatus 63 of 2, or the separately aggregated data may be performed by a PC or the like.

Therefore, it is possible to measure the three-dimensional coordinates without the blind spot portion with respect to the original reference point P for all the floors of the building.

The omnidirectional prism may be a single prism, prisms arranged in an annular shape, or prisms arranged in a regular octahedron. Further, the first local surveying device 61 and the second local surveying device 68 may be any measuring device such as a laser scanner that can acquire three-dimensional data.

FIG. 14 shows a GPS device 71 as a measurement device, and the GPS device 47 shown in FIG. 6 is provided with a prism 72. In FIG. 14, those equivalent to those shown in FIG. 6 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

A case where the GPS device 71 is replaced with the above-mentioned first surveying system, the prism device 52 in the second surveying system, and the first local surveying device 61 will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. ..

As the prism 72, an appropriate prism such as an omnidirectional prism or an omnidirectional prism can be used.

Here, the optical center of the prism 21, the measurement center of the GPS receiver 51, and the optical center of the prism 72 are on the center line of the GPS unit 48, and the optical center of the prism 21 and the GPS receiver 51 The distance Hp from the measurement center and the distance Hs between the measurement center of the GPS receiver 51 and the optical center of the prism 72 are known.

The three-dimensional coordinates with respect to the original reference point P of the measurement center O can be obtained by the measurement of the prism 21 by the reference surveying device 63, and the earth coordinates of the measurement center O are measured by the GPS receiver 51. Can be obtained.

Further, the measurement data for the upper floor can be acquired by the measurement by the first local surveying device 61 and the second local surveying device 68, and this measurement data is converted into the measurement data with reference to the optical center of the prism 72. be able to.

Further, since the positional relationship between the original reference point, the optical center of the prism 21, the measurement center of the GPS receiver 51, and the optical center of the prism 72 is known, the first local surveying apparatus 61 and the second The measurement data of the upper floors acquired by the local surveying apparatus 68 and the measurement data of the lower floors acquired by the reference surveying apparatus 63 can be converted into three-dimensional data of the earth coordinate system.

Therefore, it is possible to measure the three-dimensional coordinate data of the earth coordinate system for all the floors of the building.

In the above embodiment, the reference point of the lower floor is transferred to the upper floor, or the reference point of the upper floor is measured with respect to the reference point of the lower floor, and the relative relationship between the reference points of the lower floor and the upper floor is measured. Needless to say, you may go to multiple places in the building to be constructed.

1 Surveying device 2 Leveling table 3 Device body 5 Base 6 Leveling plate 7 Leveling screw 8 Through hole 9 Fitting hole 11 Tilt detector 13 Base 14 Stand 14 Measuring part 17 Plug part 19 Prism holder 21 Prism 22 Horizontal rotation axis 25 Vertical rotation axis 29 Vertical drive unit 33 Horizontal drive unit 35 Tilt detector 41 Optical path 43 Telescope fitting hole 44 Prism unit 48 GPS unit 55 All-around prism 61 First local surveying device 63 Reference surveying device 65 Omnidirectional Prism 68 Second local surveying device 71 GPS device

Claims (19)

It has a leveling table, a device body mounted on the leveling table, and a prism provided on the device body that retroreflects light from vertically below, and the device body has a measurement center and is described above. The prism has an optical center, and the measurement center and the optical center have a known relationship, and the measuring device is configured so that the main body of the device and the prism are integrally leveled. A hole penetrating up and down is provided in the central portion of the leveling table, the apparatus main body has a center line passing through the measurement center, and the prism is provided so as to face the penetrating hole. The measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the measuring center and the optical center of the prism have a known relationship with each other. The main body of the device has a plug portion that fits with the leveling table, the prism is provided on the lower surface of the plug portion, the optical center of the prism is located on the center line, and the optical center and the measurement are performed. The measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the distance from the center is known. The measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the prism is held by a prism holder, and the prism holder can be attached to and detached from the plug portion. The main body of the device is a measuring device, and the main body of the device includes a rack portion that can rotate in the horizontal direction about a horizontal rotation axis, and a measuring portion that is rotatably provided in the vertical direction on the rack portion. The prism is provided on the lower surface of the measuring unit, an optical path penetrating the frame portion is formed at the center of the horizontal rotation axis, and the prism penetrates the optical path through the optical path in the reference posture of the measuring unit. The measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the optical center of the prism faces the hole to be formed, the optical center is located on the center line, and the distance between the optical center and the measurement center is known. The main body of the device is a measuring device, and the main body of the device includes an optical path that can rotate in the horizontal direction about a horizontal rotation axis, a measuring unit that is rotatably provided in the vertical direction on the optical path, and the optical path. A prism holder mounted horizontally from the side surface of the frame portion is provided, an optical path penetrating the frame portion is formed at the center of the horizontal rotation axis, and the prism holder has a deflection optical member at the inner end portion. The prism is provided at the outer end portion, and the deflection optical member deflects a light beam incident from the optical path so as to enter the prism, and the distance between the optical path deflection point of the deflection optical member and the measurement center, the optical path deflection. The measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the distance between the point and the optical center of the prism is the same or the difference is known. The measuring device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the main body of the device is a GPS device, and the measurement center of the GPS device and the optical center have a known positional relationship. The device main body is a prism device including an omnidirectional prism, and the omnidirectional prism has an optical center as a measurement center, and the measurement center and the optical center have a known positional relationship. The measuring device according to claim 3. The measurement device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the main body of the device is a target device including a target, the center of the target is a center of measurement, and the center of measurement and the center of optics have a known positional relationship. Device. A surveying device provided with the measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and a surveying device capable of measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the object to be measured vertically above, and capable of measuring vertically above the original reference point on the lower floor. Is installed as a reference surveying device, and a surveying system configured to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center of the prism provided in the main body of the device through a black hole provided on the floor of the upper floor by the reference surveying device. A measuring device according to claim 7 and a surveying device capable of measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the object to be measured vertically above are provided, and a surveying device capable of measuring vertically above the original reference point on the lower floor is installed as a reference surveying device. A surveying system configured to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center of the prism included in the main body of the device through a black hole provided on the floor of the upper floor by the reference surveying device. A surveying device provided with the measuring device according to claim 8 or 9 and a surveying device capable of measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the object to be measured vertically above, and a surveying device capable of measuring vertically above the original reference point on the lower floor as a reference survey. A surveying system that is installed as a device and is configured to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center of the prism provided in the main body of the device through a black hole provided on the floor of the upper floor by the reference surveying device. The tenth aspect of claim 10, wherein the prism or the omnidirectional prism is provided at the upper end position of the measuring device, and the positional relationship between the optical center of the prism or the omnidirectional prism and the measuring center of the measuring device is known. Survey system. The reference surveying device is a total station, measures three-dimensional coordinates with respect to the original reference point of the optical center, a deviation between the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center and the original reference point, and the measurement center and the optical. The surveying system according to claim 10, wherein the three-dimensional coordinates are measured with reference to the original reference point of the measurement center based on a known positional relationship with the center. The measuring device is a total station or a laser scanner installed above a black hole provided vertically above the original reference point on the upper floor, and the measurement data of the measurement center reference measured by the measuring device is used as the original reference. The surveying system according to claim 12, which converts measurement data based on points. The main body of the device measures the earth coordinates of the optical center based on the earth coordinates of the measurement center of the GPS device measured by the GPS device and the known positional relationship, and is three-dimensional with the original reference point of the optical center as a reference. The surveying system according to claim 11, wherein the measurement data acquired by the reference surveying device is converted into the earth coordinates based on the coordinates and the earth coordinates. An omnidirectional prism provided at the upper end position of the GPS device and a local surveying device installed on the upper floor are further provided, and the positional relationship between the optical center of the omnidirectional prism and the measurement center of the GPS device is set to be known. The local surveying device acquires measurement data for the upper floors and measures the omnidirectional prism, and the local surveying device or the reference surveying device obtains the measurement result of the omnidirectional prism and the optical center of the omnidirectional prism. The surveying system according to claim 16, wherein the measurement data of the local surveying apparatus is converted into three-dimensional data of the earth coordinates based on the known positional relationship between the measurement center and the optical center. Further equipped with a local surveying device installed on the upper floor, the local surveying device acquires measurement data for the upper floor and measures the omnidirectional prism, and the local surveying device or the reference surveying device is the omnidirectional surveying device. Based on the measurement result of the prism and the known positional relationship between the optical center of the omnidirectional prism, the measurement center, and the optical center, the measurement data of the local surveying instrument is converted into three-dimensional data based on the original reference point. The surveying system according to claim 13. Further equipped with a local surveying device installed on the upper floor, the local surveying device acquires measurement data for the upper floor and measures the measurement center of the measuring device, and the local surveying device or the reference surveying device may be used. The twelfth aspect of claim 12, which converts the measurement data of the local surveying apparatus into three-dimensional data with respect to the original reference point based on the measurement result of the measurement center and the known positional relationship between the measurement center and the optical center. Surveying system.

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