JP2022041550A - Elevator brake monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

To monitor the abrasion state of a brake material used for a brake gear and to quickly address the abrasion of the brake material when it is excessive.SOLUTION: The elevator brake monitoring system comprises: a brake gear; a conductor; detection means; and determination means. The brake gear has a brake material between a brake disk provided on the rotary shaft of a motor so as to be movable in an axial direction and a plate pressed into contact with the brake disk during braking. The conductor is provided to a part of the surface of the brake material in contact with the brake disk. The detection means detects an electrical change when current flows through the conductor. The determination means determines the abrasion state of the brake material on the basis of the electrical change of the conductor detected by the detection means.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 10

Description

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a brake monitoring system for monitoring the brake state of an elevator.

For the electric motor of the elevator, for example, a clutch type electromagnetic brake device is used. The electromagnetic brake device comprises a brake disc interposed between the armature and the friction plate. The brake disc is mounted axially movable on the axis of rotation of the motor.

In the electromagnetic brake device having such a configuration, at the time of braking, the brake disc is pressed against the friction plate via the armature and sandwiched between the armature and the friction plate. As a result, a braking force acts on the rotating shaft of the electric motor via the brake disc. On the other hand, when the armature is attracted by the electromagnet, the armature is separated from the brake disc, and the pressing of the brake disc against the friction plate is released. As a result, the braking force is released, and the rotating shaft of the electric motor becomes rotatable.

Here, a braking material called a "brake shoe" or a "brake pad" is provided on each of the contact surface of the friction plate with the brake disc and the contact surface of the armature with the brake disc. This braking material wears depending on the frequency of use, and the braking force also decreases accordingly.

International Publication No. 2009/008033

In a normal driving environment, the speed adjustment of the elevator (car) is performed by the electric motor, and the brake device operates after the elevator is stopped by the speed adjustment by the electric motor. Therefore, the wear of the braking material of the braking device is small, and the wear state of the braking material can be estimated from the operating time of the elevator. Therefore, it is possible to check the wear state of the braking material by regular inspection and replace it if necessary. However, in an environment where a power failure is likely to occur, the speed adjustment of the motor becomes unnecessary due to the power failure, so that the elevator is decelerated and stopped only by the brake device. That is, since the electromagnetic braking device is used many times each time a power failure occurs, the braking material tends to be significantly worn. In that case, it is necessary to constantly monitor the wear state of the braking material because it cannot be dealt with promptly by regular inspection.

An object to be solved by the present invention is to provide an elevator brake monitoring system that monitors the wear state of a braking material used in a braking device and can quickly deal with a significant wear of the braking material.

The elevator brake monitoring system according to an embodiment includes a brake device, a conductor, a detection means, and a determination means. The brake device has a braking material between a brake disc provided on the rotation axis of the motor so as to be movable in the axial direction and a plate that is in pressure contact with the brake disc during braking. The conductor is provided on a part of the contact surface of the braking material with the brake disc. The detecting means detects an electrical change when a current is passed through the conductor. The determination means determines the wear state of the braking material based on the electrical change of the conductor detected by the detection means.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an elevator according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state in which the hoist used for the elevator is viewed from above. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the electromagnetic brake device used in the elevator. FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the brake disc and the braking material of the electromagnetic brake device when viewed from the side. FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the brake disc and the braking material of the electromagnetic brake device when viewed from above. FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the brake disc and the braking material of the electromagnetic brake device when viewed from the side surface, and shows a state in which the braking material is worn. FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the brake disc and the braking material of the electromagnetic brake device when viewed from above, and shows a state in which the braking material is worn. FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the brake disc and the braking material of the electromagnetic brake device when viewed from the side surface, and shows an example in which conductors are provided at a plurality of locations on the braking material. FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the brake disc and the braking material of the electromagnetic brake device when viewed from the front, and shows an example in which conductors are provided at a plurality of locations on the braking material. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which wear is determined based on a change in the conduction state of the conductor. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration in which wear is determined based on a change in the conduction state of the conductor.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.
The disclosure is merely an example, and the invention is not limited by the contents described in the following embodiments. Modifications that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art are naturally included in the scope of disclosure. In order to clarify the explanation, in the drawings, the size, shape, etc. of each part may be changed with respect to the actual embodiment and represented schematically. In a plurality of drawings, the corresponding elements may be given the same reference numerals and detailed description may be omitted.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an elevator according to an embodiment. Note that FIG. 1 exemplifies the configuration of a 1: 1 roping type elevator, but the configuration is not particularly limited to this configuration.

A car 11 and a counterweight 12 are provided in the elevator hoistway 10. The car 11 and the counterweight 12 are supported by guide rails (not shown) erected on the hoistway 10 so as to be able to move up and down.

Further, a hoisting machine 14, a main sheave 15, an electromagnetic brake device 16, an elevator control device 17, and the like are arranged in the machine room 13 of the building. The hoisting machine 14 is rotationally driven by a drive signal output from the elevator control device 17, and unwinds the main rope 18 wound around the main sheave 15. A car 11 is connected to one end of the main rope 18, and a counterweight 12 is connected to the other end of the main rope 18. By driving the hoisting machine 14, the car 11 and the counterweight 12 move up and down in the hoistway 10 in a slippery manner via the main rope 18.

The elevator control device 17 controls the entire elevator including the operation control of the car 11. A tail code 19 for transmitting various signals is connected between the elevator control device 17 and the car 11. The tail code 19 also includes a power line, and a power supply device (not shown) supplies the required power to the car 11 via the tail code 19.

FIG. 2 shows a state in which the hoisting machine 14 is viewed from above.
The hoisting machine 14 includes a gear case (reducer case) 21 in which the main sheave 15 is supported, an electric motor 22 that is a drive source of the hoisting machine 14, and a clutch-type electromagnetic braking device 16 that applies braking force to the motor 22. As a main element.

The gear case 21 has a built-in gear type deceleration mechanism (not shown) for decelerating the rotation of the motor 22 and transmitting it to the main sheave 15. The electric motor 22 is supported by the gear case 21. The rotating shaft 23 of the electric motor 22 meshes with the speed reduction mechanism in the gear case 21 and protrudes out of the gear case 21. The electromagnetic brake device 16 is supported by the gear case 21 on the opposite side of the motor 22.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the clutch type electromagnetic brake device 16.
The electromagnetic brake device 16 includes a cylindrical frame 51. The rotary shaft 23 of the electric motor 22 rotatably protrudes from the gear case 21 and penetrates the central opening hole 52 in the frame 51. An annular brake disc 53 that can move along the axial direction is provided at the end of the rotating shaft 23. The brake disc 53 is interposed between the annular friction plate 54 fixedly supported by the frame 51 and the annular armature (movable plate) 55 movably supported by the frame 51.

Here, in the present embodiment, an annular braking material 56 called a "brake shoe" or a "brake pad" is provided on the contact surface of the friction plate 54 with the brake disc 53. The braking material 56 is pressed against the outer peripheral portion of one surface of the brake disc 53 during braking. Further, an annular braking material 57 is also provided on the contact surface of the armature 55 with the brake disc 53. The braking material 57 is pressed against the outer peripheral portion of the other surface of the brake disc 53 during braking.

When the energization of the coil 59 of the electromagnet 58 provided in the frame 51 is cut off, the armature 55 receives the urging force of the coil spring 60 and moves in the direction of the arrow a. As a result, the brake disc 53 is sandwiched between the braking material 56 and the braking material 57, and a braking force due to friction acts on the brake disc 53. The brake disc 53 is attached to the rotating shaft 23 of the electric motor 22. Therefore, when the braking force acts on the brake disc 53, the rotation stop state of the electric motor 22 is locked.

On the other hand, when the coil 59 of the electromagnet 58 is energized, the armature 55 is attracted to the electromagnet 58 side against the urging force of the coil spring 60 and moves in the direction opposite to the arrow a direction. As a result, the braking force applied to the brake disc 53 is released, and the electric motor 22 becomes rotatable.

According to the electromagnetic brake device 16 having such a configuration, normally, when the car 11 is stopped on each floor, a braking force is applied to the brake disc 53 to lock the stopped state of the car 11. In this case, since the drive of the electric motor 22 is stopped and controlled according to the landing operation of the car 11, a large braking force is not required and the braking materials 56 and 57 are less worn. On the other hand, when a power failure occurs, the operation cannot be stopped in a controlled manner, so that a large braking force is required and the braking materials 56 and 57 are severely worn. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly monitor the wear state of the braking materials 56 and 57, especially in an environment where a power failure is likely to occur.

Hereinafter, a method of monitoring the wear state of the braking materials 56 and 57 used in the electromagnetic brake device 16 will be described. Although the description will be focused on the braking material 56 of the friction plate 54 here, the same applies to the braking material 57 of the armature 55.

4 and 5 schematically show the relationship between the brake disc 53 and the braking material 56. FIG. 4 is a schematic view when the brake disc 53 and the braking material 56 are viewed from the side, and FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram when the brake disc 53 and the braking material 56 are viewed from above.

An annular conductor 61 having a predetermined width w1 in the radial direction of the braking material 56 is provided along the outer periphery of the contact surface of the braking material 56 with the brake disc 53. The conductor 61 is connected to the elevator control device 17 via the conductor line 62. As will be described later, the elevator control device 17 has a function of passing a predetermined current through the conductor 61 and determining the wear of the braking material 56 (wear of the installation location of the conductor 61) from the electrical change of the conductor 61. (See FIGS. 10 and 11).

Therefore, the hardness of the conductor 61 is equal to or lower than that of the braking material 56, and it is preferable that the conductor 61 is as hard as the braking material 56 to wear. Further, the width w1 of the conductor 61 is preferably not more than half of the radial width d1 of the braking material 56, for example. This is because if the width w1 of the conductor 61 is too wide, there is little electrical change even if the conductor 61 is worn. Therefore, it is preferable to set the width size so that the energization of the conductor 61 is cut off when the braking material 56 is worn to some extent.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the conductor 61 is preferably arranged on the outer periphery of the contact surface of the braking material 56 with the brake disc 53. This is because when the braking material 56 comes into contact with the brake disc 53, a large braking force acts on the outer peripheral side of the braking material 56, and the braking material 56 is most easily worn. It is preferable that the conductor 61 is provided in the portion of the braking material 56 where the braking force acts most.

6 and 7 show a state in which the braking material 56 is worn.
In this example, a part of the outer periphery of the braking material 56 is worn, and the conductor 61 in that part is missing. Since the conduction is cut off due to the defect of the conductor 61, it can be determined that the braking material 56 is worn on the elevator control device 17 side.

8 and 9 show another example.
Conductors may be provided at a plurality of locations (here, two locations) on the contact surface of the braking material 56 with the brake disc 53, and the wear state may be determined at each location. In this example, an annular conductor 63 is provided along the inner circumference of the braking member 56. The conductor 63 is connected to the elevator control device 17 via the conductor wire 64. By passing a predetermined current from the elevator control device 17 to the conductors 61 and 63 and monitoring the conduction state, the wear of the braking material 56 (wear at the installation location of the conductors 61 and 63) is determined.

The conductor 63 has a predetermined width w2 in the radial direction of the braking material 56. The width w2 of the conductor 63 may be the same as or different from the width w1 of the conductor 61. It is preferable that the conductor 63 is also set to a width size so that the conduction of the conductor 63 is cut off when the braking material 56 is worn to some extent.

In this way, if another conductor 63 is provided on the inner peripheral side of the braking material 56, the wear state on the inner peripheral side of the braking material 56 can be grasped from the conduction state of the conductor 63. The number of conductors installed in the braking material 56 may be further increased to individually determine the wear state at each location of the braking material 56. However, as described above, a large braking force acts on the outer peripheral side of the braking material 56, and the braking material 56 is most easily worn. Therefore, at least one conductor 61 may be provided on the outer peripheral side of the braking material 56.

Next, a method of determining the wear state of the braking material will be described.
Now, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, it is assumed that an annular conductor 61 is provided along the outer peripheral portion of the braking material 56. The elevator control device 17 determines the wear state of the braking material 56 based on the electrical change when a predetermined current is passed through the conductor 61. Here, the electrical changes include a change in the conduction state of the conductor 61 (whether or not the conductor 61 is conducting) and a change in the current value flowing through the conductor 61 (change in the resistance value).

Hereinafter, the case where the wear is determined based on the change in the conduction state of the conductor 61 and the case where the wear is determined based on the change in the current value flowing through the conductor 61 will be described separately.

(A) Wear determination based on a change in the conduction state of the conductor 61 FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which wear is determined based on a change in the continuity state of the conductor 61. In this example, the elevator control device 17 is provided with an input circuit 71 and a determination unit 72.

The input circuit 71 is used as a detection means for detecting a change in the conduction state of the conductor 61 as an electrical change in the conductor 61, and includes a power supply 71a, a photodiode 71b, and a phototransistor 71c. One end of the power supply 71a is grounded to GND, and the other end of the power supply 71a is connected to the input end of the conductor 61. The output end of the conductor 61 is connected to the photodiode 71b. The photodiode 71b constitutes a photocoupler together with the phototransistor 71c. The determination unit 72 is provided in an arithmetic unit (CPU) (not shown), and determines the wear state of the conductor 61 based on the on / off signal of the phototransistor 71c.

In such a configuration, the current supplied from the power supply 71a to the conductor 61 on the braking material 56 is input to the photodiode 71b. The photodiode 71b converts the input current into an optical signal and transmits it to the phototransistor 71c. As a result, the phototransistor 71c receives an optical signal from the photodiode 71b and turns on. The determination unit 72 determines that the conductor 61 is in a conductive state and the braking material 56 is not in a worn state while the ON signal is being received from the phototransistor 71c.

Here, when the conduction of the conductor 61 is cut off due to the wear of the braking material 56, the input of the current to the photodiode 71b is cut off, so that the phototransistor 71c is turned off. Upon receiving the off signal from the phototransistor 71c, the determination unit 72 determines that the braking material 56 is in a state of being worn by a certain value or more. The “wear above a certain value” is a state in which the braking material 56 is worn to such an extent that it needs to be replaced.

In the example of FIG. 10, a photocoupler is used for the input circuit 71, but any switch element that operates on / off according to the conduction state of the conductor 61 may be used.

(B) Wear determination based on a change in the current value flowing through the conductor 61 FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration in which wear is determined based on a change in the current value flowing through the conductor 61. In this example, the elevator control device 17 is provided with an A / D conversion circuit 73, a determination unit 74, and a memory unit 75. Although not shown, a predetermined current is supplied from the elevator control device 17 to the conductor 61.

The A / D conversion circuit 73 is used as a detection means for detecting a change in the current of the conductor 61 as an electrical change in the conductor 61, and the value (analog) of the current flowing through the conductor 61 is A / D converted into a determination unit. Give to 74. The determination unit 74 is provided in an arithmetic unit (CPU) (not shown), takes in the value (digital) of the current flowing from the A / D conversion circuit 73 to the conductor 61, and based on the value of the current, the braking material 56 Determine the degree of wear. The "wear degree" referred to here is an index indicating the degree of progress of wear of the braking material 56. Table information showing the relationship between the value of the current flowing through the conductor 61 and the degree of wear of the conductor 61 is stored in the memory unit 75 in advance.

In such a configuration, when the conductor 61 is worn together with the braking material 56, the resistance value of the conductor 61 increases, so that the value of the current flowing through the conductor 61 changes. In this case, as the resistance value of the conductor 61 increases, the value of the current flowing through the conductor 61 decreases. The determination unit 74 takes in the value of the current flowing through the conductor 61 via the A / D conversion circuit 73, refers to the table information stored in the memory unit 75, and refers to the braking material 56 corresponding to the current value. Determine the degree of wear.

In this way, by detecting the electrical change of the conductor 61 provided in the braking material 56, the wear state of the braking material 56 can be easily determined. In this case, in the method (a) above, it can be determined whether or not the braking material 56 is worn more than a certain amount. In the method (b) above, the degree of wear of the braking material 56, that is, the progress state of wear can be known step by step. In either method, the elevator control device 17 issues a wear determination result to, for example, a building monitoring room or an external monitoring center, so that the braking force of the braking material 56 is quickly reduced to a dangerous state. I can deal with it.

In the above embodiment, the wear determination of the braking material 56 provided on the friction plate 54 has been described, but the braking material 57 provided on the armature 55 is also provided with a conductor on the braking material 57. Then, the wear state can be determined in the same manner as described above. Further, when a plurality of conductors are provided in the braking material as in the examples of FIGS. 8 and 9, an electric change is detected for each conductor by the method described with reference to FIG. 10 or 11. The configuration may be such that the wear state of the place where each conductor of the braking material is installed is individually determined.

Further, in the above embodiment, the clutch type electromagnetic brake device has been described as an example, but for example, even if it is a disc type or a drum type, the brake device is provided with a braking material (brake shoe or brake bad). The present invention can be applied to all of them.

According to at least one embodiment described above, it is possible to provide an elevator brake monitoring system that can monitor the wear state of the braking material used in the braking device and quickly deal with the case where the braking material is significantly worn.

Although some embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other embodiments, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are also included in the scope of the invention described in the claims and the equivalent scope thereof.

10 ... hoistway, 11 ... car, 12 ... counter weight, 13 ... machine room, 14 ... hoist, 15 ... main sheave, 16 ... electromagnetic brake device, 17 ... elevator control device, 18 ... main rope, 19 ... Tail cord, 21 ... Gear case, 22 ... Motor, 23 ... Rotating shaft, 51 ... Frame, 52 ... Center opening hole, 53 ... Brake disc, 54 ... Friction plate, 55 ... Armature, 56, 57 ... Braking material, 58 ... Electromagnet , 59 ... Coil, 60 ... Coil spring, 61, 63 ... Conductor, 62, 64 ... Conductor, 71a ... Power supply, 71b ... Photo diode, 71c ... Phototransistor, 72 ... Judgment unit, 73 ... A / D conversion circuit, 74 ... Judgment unit, 75 ... Memory unit.

The elevator brake monitoring system according to an embodiment includes a brake device, a conductor, a detection means, and a determination means. The brake device has a braking material between a brake disc provided on the rotation axis of the motor so as to be movable in the axial direction and a plate that is in pressure contact with the brake disc during braking. The conductor is provided on a part of the contact surface of the braking material with the brake disc. The detecting means detects an electrical change when a current is passed through the conductor. The determination means determines the wear state of the braking material based on the electrical change of the conductor detected by the detection means.
In the brake monitoring system of the elevator having the above configuration, the conductor is provided on the outer periphery of the contact surface of the braking material with the brake disc, and the width of the conductor is half or less of the radial width of the braking material. It is characterized by that.

Claims (8)

A brake device having a braking material between a brake disc provided so as to be movable in the axial direction on the rotating shaft of the motor and a plate that is in pressure contact with the brake disc during braking.
A conductor provided on a part of the contact surface of the braking material with the brake disc,
A detection means for detecting an electrical change when an electric current is passed through the conductor,
An elevator brake monitoring system comprising a determination means for determining a wear state of the braking material based on an electrical change of the conductor detected by the detection means. The brake monitoring system for an elevator according to claim 1, wherein the conductor has the same hardness as the braking material and wears in the same manner as the braking material. The brake monitoring system for an elevator according to claim 1, wherein the conductor is provided in a portion of the braking material where the braking force is most exerted. The brake monitoring system for an elevator according to claim 1, wherein the conductor is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the braking material. The brake monitoring system for an elevator according to claim 1, wherein the conductor is provided at a plurality of locations including the outer peripheral portion of the braking material. The electrical change of the conductor includes a change of the conduction state of the conductor.
The above-mentioned determination means
The brake monitoring system for an elevator according to claim 1, wherein when the continuity of the conductor is cut off, it is determined that the braking material is in a state of being worn to a certain value or more. The electrical change of the conductor includes the current change of the conductor.
The above-mentioned determination means
The brake monitoring system for an elevator according to claim 1, wherein the wear state of the braking material is determined based on the current change of the conductor. A storage means for storing table information showing the correspondence between the value of the current flowing through the conductor and the degree of wear of the braking material is provided.
The above-mentioned determination means
The brake monitoring system for an elevator according to claim 7, wherein the degree of wear of the braking material is determined stepwise from the value of the current flowing through the conductor with reference to the table information stored in the storage means. ..

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