JP2010159155A - Elevator braking system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable a proper setting including coping with changes with age of an energizing means for imparting energizing force to a brake shoe, in an elevator for using a brake drum and the brake shoe. <P>SOLUTION: This elevator braking system 10 is constituted, in rough classification, of a part of an elevator facility, a part of a braking device A and a part of a control part 60. The brake device A comprises the brake drum 20, the brake shoe 30, the energizing means 40, an electromagnetic coil opening driving mechanism 22 and a pressure detector 50, and the control part 60 detects an energizing state of the energizing means 40 by the pressure detector 50, and outputs its result by determining whether or not its detection value falls within a preset predetermined range. Information nonexistent in the predetermined range is transmitted to an information center 70, and a worker is dispatched, and can reset the energizing means. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an elevator braking system, and more particularly to an elevator braking system that brakes a rotating electrical machine that drives an elevator using a brake drum and a brake shoe.

  Elevators such as elevators and escalators are driven by a power mechanism including a rotating electrical machine. In order to brake the rotating electrical machine, a braking mechanism is used that presses a brake drum interlocked with the rotating electrical machine with a brake shoe. In this case, the brake drum and the brake shoe are completely in contact with each other at the time of braking, and the frictional force acts on the brake drum. On the other hand, the brake drum and the brake shoe are completely opened at the time of driving up and down. It is necessary.

  For example, in Patent Document 1, a brake device that uses friction between a brake drum and a brake shoe is used in an elevator device, and whether or not the braking force of the brake device is normally released when the elevator travels. It is stated that such a judgment is made. In the prior art, a command signal is output to the brake coil that generates electromagnetic force that overcomes the force of the brake spring, and a break operation confirmation switch that detects the movement of the brake lever is used. It is stated that it does not detect force directly. Here, it is disclosed that a car landing level detection switch is provided to determine whether the braking operation is normal or not based on whether or not the car deviates from the landing level.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a brake opening failure detection device for brakes that are stopped in elevators and escalators. A current contact is embedded in the lining pressed against the brake wheel, and a minute current between the brake wheel and the lining is monitored. It is stated that the brake release is detected directly.

  In Patent Document 3, a temperature sensor is provided in the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface of a disk in an electromagnetic brake device having a disk and a brake shoe that sandwiches the disk, and energization of the motor and the electromagnetic brake is stopped when an abnormal temperature occurs. In addition, it is stated that smoke, wear, and burning are prevented in advance.

  As a technique related to the present invention, Patent Document 4 discloses a vehicle on an axle bearing as a wheel load measuring device for measuring wheel load that is a load related to a wheel of a vehicle traveling on a track such as a railway. It is disclosed that a sheet-like pressure sensor having a thickness of several tens of μm to several hundreds of μm is attached to an adjustment plate having a thickness of several mm inserted between a spring-supporting pedestal supporting the load of the main body and an axle bearing. .

JP-A-7-61727 JP-A-8-240236 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-196073 JP 2005-3375 A

  As a mechanism for pressing the brake shoe against the brake drum or completely releasing it, there are a spring for applying an urging force toward the brake drum and an opening driving device for applying a driving force against the urging force of the spring to the brake shoe. And are used. As an opening drive device, for example, a plunger mechanism that drives an iron core connected to a brake shoe by passing an electric current through an electromagnetic coil is used.

  In this case, if the spring for applying the biasing force is not set correctly, the brake drum cannot be completely braked, and the brake drum cannot be completely released from the brake shoe. At the initial setting or maintenance inspection, for example, the spring length can be set by screw tightening so that the length of the spring is appropriate. It can happen that the tightening is loose and the biasing force changes over time. As described above, in the prior art, it has been described how to secure an appropriate setting of the urging means for applying an urging force to the brake shoe, and in particular, to ensure an appropriate setting of the urging means for a change in the urging state with time. Absent.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an elevator braking system that enables appropriate setting of a biasing means that applies a biasing force to a brake shoe when a brake drum and a brake shoe are used. Another object is to provide an elevator brake system capable of ensuring safety related to the elevator when the setting of the biasing means is not appropriate.

  The elevator braking system according to the present invention includes a brake drum connected to an output shaft of a rotating electrical machine that drives the elevator, a brake shoe that is combined with the brake drum and brakes the brake drum by friction, and the brake shoe is directed toward the brake drum. An urging means for urging with a predetermined urging force to set the braking mode, an opening driving means for separating the brake shoe from the brake drum against the urging force of the urging means to set the releasing mode, and urging An energizing state detecting means for detecting an energizing state of the means, a detection result outputting means for judging whether or not the detection value of the energizing state detecting means is within a predetermined range set in advance, and outputting the result, And a stop means for stopping the elevator in a predetermined retreat procedure when it is determined by the detection result output means that it is not within the predetermined range.

  Further, in the elevator braking system according to the present invention, the detection result output means is preset when the detection value of the energization state detection means is outside the range of the braking mode range preset for the braking mode, or preset for the release mode. It is preferable to output an abnormal state when it is outside the specified open mode range.

  In the elevator braking system according to the present invention, the urging state detecting means is a pressure detector that detects the urging force of the urging means, or a position detector that detects a movement position due to elastic deformation of the urging means. Is preferred.

  In the elevator braking system according to the present invention, the urging means includes an elastic body having one end connected to the brake shoe side and an adjustment end connected to the other end of the elastic body, And an adjustment end for moving the elastic body in the axial direction so as to apply a predetermined urging force to the brake shoe, and the urging state detecting means is provided between the other end of the elastic body and the adjustment end. It is preferable that it is a pressure detector provided in.

  In the elevator braking system according to the present invention, the elevator is preferably an elevator, a lift, or an escalator having an arbitrary inclination.

  With the above configuration, the urging means that urges the brake shoe toward the brake drum with a predetermined urging force to set the braking mode, and the brake shoe is separated from the brake drum against the urging force of the urging means. And an opening driving means for setting the opening mode, detecting an energizing state of the energizing means, determining whether the detected value is within a predetermined range set in advance, and outputting the result. As a result, when the urging state of the urging means is abnormal, the result is output, so that appropriate setting of the urging means can be performed quickly.

  In addition, when the detection result output means determines that it is not within the predetermined range, the elevator is stopped by a predetermined evacuation procedure, so safety related to the elevator can be ensured.

  Further, in the elevator braking system, when the detected value of the urging state detection means is outside the range of the braking mode range preset for the braking mode, or outside the range of the opening mode range preset for the release mode. In this case, an abnormal state is output. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately set the urging means not only for the abnormality in the braking mode but also for the abnormality in the release mode.

  Further, in the elevator braking system, the urging state is detected by either a pressure detector that detects the urging force of the urging means or a position detector that detects a moving position due to elastic deformation of the urging means. The biasing means can be appropriately set using an easy-to-use method.

  In the elevator braking system, the elastic body has one end connected to the brake shoe side and the other end connected to the adjustment end, and a pressure detector is provided between the other end of the elastic body and the adjustment end. Therefore, the biased state can be detected with a simple configuration.

  In the elevator braking system, the elevator is an elevator, a lift, or an escalator having an arbitrary inclination, so that appropriate setting of the urging means can be quickly performed for these brakings.

It is a figure explaining the structure of the elevator braking system applied to an elevator installation as embodiment which concerns on this invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged detail view of a portion of the braking device in FIG. 1. In embodiment which concerns on this invention, it is a figure explaining the mode of the biasing state in a biasing means qualitatively.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Below, although an elevator is demonstrated as an elevator, even if it is an elevator other than this, what is necessary is just to drive up and down with a rotary electric machine. For example, it may be a lift for transporting luggage or the like, an escalator provided between upper and lower floors, a transport device such as a moving sidewalk provided in a place with little inclination, and the like. In the following, a mechanism using a coil spring and an adjusting screw that applies appropriate compression to the coil spring will be described as the biasing means, but other mechanisms may be used. For example, a leaf spring may be used, and a member such as a pressing plate may be used in addition to the adjustment screw. In addition, although a pair of brake shoes for the brake drum will be described, the number of brake shoes may be other than this. For example, one brake shoe may be provided for one brake drum.

  Below, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same element in all the drawings, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted. In the description in the text, the symbols described before are used as necessary.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an elevator braking system 10 applied to an elevator installation. The elevator braking system 10 is roughly divided into an elevator equipment part, a braking device A part, and a control part 60 part. The elevator equipment includes a car 12, a balance weight 14, a sheave 16, a rotating electrical machine 18, a speed detection unit 24, and a landing detection unit 26. The braking device A includes a brake drum 20, a brake shoe 30, an urging means 40, an electromagnetic coil opening drive mechanism 22, and a pressure detector 50. Details of the braking device A will be described later with reference to FIG.

  The elevator car 12 constituting the elevator facility is a transport car that moves up and down in an elevator hoistway (not shown) and moves between target floors in accordance with instructions from passengers and the like. The balance weight 14 is a weight for reducing the driving load of the rotating electrical machine 18 in balance with the mass of the car 12.

  The sheave 16 is a rotating body around which the main rope 13 that connects the car 12 and the balance weight 14 is wound. The sheave 16 is connected to the output shaft of the rotating electrical machine 18, is driven to rotate by the rotating electrical machine 18, and has a function of changing the moving direction of the main rope 13 by its normal rotation and reverse rotation to raise and lower the car 12.

  The rotating electrical machine 18 is an electric motor that drives the elevator equipment, which is an elevator, by rotationally driving the sheave 16 as described above. The output shaft of the rotating electrical machine 18 is connected to the rotation center axis of the sheave 16 and is connected to the rotation center axis of the brake drum 20 of the braking device A. As a result, when the rotating electrical machine 18 stops rotating, it is stably stopped by the braking of the brake drum 20, and the rotating electrical machine 18 is prevented from rotating due to the mass difference between the car 12 and the balance weight 14. As this rotary electric machine 18, an AC motor can be used, for example.

  The speed detection unit 24 is a speed sensor that detects the rotation speed of the rotating electrical machine 18. From the detection data of the speed detector 24, the moving speed of the main rope 13, the ascending / descending speed of the car 12, etc. can be acquired. The landing detection unit 26 is a position detection sensor for the car 12 provided for each floor so that the car 12 can accurately stop at the target floor.

  The operation of the rotating electrical machine 18 is performed by using the detection data of the speed detection unit 24, the detection data of the landing detection unit 26, and the like, a user call instruction by a hall call button provided on each floor, and a destination provided in the car 12. It is controlled by the function of the elevation drive module 62 of the control unit 60 in accordance with the user's destination floor instruction by the floor registration button.

  Next, the portion of the braking device A in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to the enlarged detail view shown in FIG. As described above, the braking device A has a function of making a stable stop state by braking through the brake drum 20 when the rotating electrical machine 18 stops rotating. The time when the rotating electrical machine 18 stops rotating includes the time when the elevator equipment is stopped, including the time when the elevator equipment is stopped at each floor when the elevator equipment is in operation.

  The brake drum 20 constituting the braking device A is a rotating body connected to the output shaft of the rotating electrical machine 18 as described above. The brake drum 20 can be comprised from the outer peripheral part which is a metal brake surface, and the center cylinder part which supports the outer peripheral surface.

  The brake shoe 30 is a composite member that is disposed to face the outer peripheral surface of the brake drum 20, is combined with the brake drum 20, and has a function of braking the brake drum 20 by friction.

  The brake lining 32 that constitutes the brake shoe 30 is a friction component that is disposed to face the brake surface of the brake drum 20. The brake lining 32 can be composed of a metal partial cylinder having suitable friction characteristics. The lining attachment portion 34 is a member that detachably supports the brake lining 32 that needs to be replaced due to wear. The brake lining 32 can be detachably attached to the lining attachment portion 34 by, for example, screwing or the like.

  The brake arm 36 is rotatably supported on a rotation center shaft (not shown) at the other end, and a lining mounting portion 34 is fixedly mounted integrally at an intermediate portion, and one end is connected to the electromagnetic coil opening drive mechanism 22. Shaped member. Actually, as shown in FIG. 2, one end of the brake arm 36 is supported so as to be movable along the axial direction of the biasing means 40. Therefore, one end of the brake arm 36 moves along the axial direction of the urging means 40 in accordance with the operation of the electromagnetic coil opening drive mechanism 22.

  The urging means 40 is a composite member having a function of urging the brake shoe 30 toward the brake drum 20 with a predetermined urging force to set the braking mode.

  The screw shaft 42 constituting the biasing means 40 has a function of guiding the movement of the other end of the brake arm 36 and a biasing force applied to the brake arm 36 by sandwiching a coil spring 46 between the adjustment nut 44 and the brake arm 36. It is a member having a function to give. As the screw shaft 42, a male screw having an appropriate length and an appropriate strength can be used.

  The adjustment nut 44 is a female screw member that can move on the screw shaft 42 while meshing with the male screw of the screw shaft 42. As shown in FIG. 2, the adjustment nut 44 is disposed on the other end side of the coil spring 46, so that the adjustment nut 44 cooperates with one end of the brake arm 36 disposed on one end of the coil spring 46 and the length of the coil spring 46. It has a function to regulate. Therefore, the adjustment nut 44 is also an adjustment end portion having a function of adjusting the magnitude of the urging force applied to the brake arm 36 by adjusting the position of the other end of the coil spring 46.

  The coil spring 46 is an elastic body in which a metal wire is formed in a spiral shape, and is a biasing means that applies a biasing force along the spiral central axis direction. As shown in FIG. 2, the coil spring 46 is arranged around the screw shaft 42 so that the spiral central shaft becomes the central axis of the screw shaft 42.

  The pressure detector 50 is an urging state detection unit that is provided between the other end of the coil spring 46 and the adjustment nut 44 and detects the state of the urging force applied to one end of the brake arm 36 that constitutes the brake shoe 30. . The pressure detector 50 can be composed of a piezoelectric element, conductive rubber, a film capacitor, or the like. The detection data of the pressure detector 50 is transmitted to the control unit 60 through an appropriate signal line.

  The length of the coil spring 46, that is, the distance corresponding to the distance between one end of the brake arm 36 and the adjusting nut 44, more precisely, the distance corresponding to the distance between one end of the brake arm 36 and the pressure detector 50. Of course, it is possible to set accurately with reference to the detection data of the pressure detector 50. However, it may be difficult to communicate with the control unit 60 at the actual work site. Therefore, the adjustment nut 44 is moved along the screw shaft 42 so that the distance between the one end of the brake arm 36 and the pressure detector 50 falls within a predetermined range by using a reference scale calibrated appropriately in advance. Setting is done by tightening. After the setting of the adjusting nut 44, the locking nut is used to prevent the adjusting nut 44 from being loosened.

  Thus, the pressure detector 50 is used for constant monitoring of the urging state of the urging means 40 during operation of the elevator facility, rather than for initial setting or setting during maintenance.

  The electromagnetic coil opening drive mechanism 22 is an opening drive unit that moves the brake shoe 30 away from the brake drum 20 against the urging force of the urging unit 40 and sets the release mode. That is, as shown by the white arrow in FIG. 2, by operating the electromagnetic coil opening drive mechanism 22, the one end of the brake arm 36 constituting the brake shoe 30 is moved from the braking side position to the opening side position. It has a function to move and drive.

  Specifically, the electromagnetic coil opening drive mechanism 22 is a plunger mechanism including an electromagnetic coil and an iron core, and has a function of moving and driving an iron core that is electromagnetically coupled to the electromagnetic coil by flowing a driving current through the electromagnetic coil. . Here, the iron core is connected to the other end of the brake arm 36, or the other end of the brake arm 36 is configured as an iron core as it is, and the drive current is supplied to the electromagnetic coil so that the brake arm 36 is connected to the shaft of the urging means 40. It has a function of moving and driving along the direction.

  The operation of the electromagnetic coil opening drive mechanism 22 is controlled by the control unit 60. Specifically, the operation control of the electromagnetic coil opening drive mechanism 22 is executed by the function of the opening drive module 64.

  Returning to FIG. 1 again, the control unit 60 has a function of controlling the operation of each element constituting the elevator equipment and the braking device A as a whole. Specifically, although control related to the raising and lowering of the car 12 is performed, the function of setting the urging state of the urging means 40 of the braking device A to an appropriate value is particularly provided here. Such a control unit 60 can be configured by an appropriate control device, and for example, a computer can be used.

  The control unit 60 controls the above biased state to be appropriately set, in addition to the lift drive module 62 that controls the lift of the car 12 and the open drive module 64 that controls the operation of the electromagnetic coil open drive mechanism 22. As a result, an urging state detection module 66 that detects and obtains the urging state of the urging means 40, and determines whether or not the detected value of the urging state is within a predetermined range set in advance. And a detection result output module 68 for outputting. When it is determined that the detected value is not within a predetermined range set in advance, a process for stopping the car 12 according to a predetermined evacuation procedure is performed. For example, an evacuation procedure is performed in which the elevator moves up and down to the nearest floor and stops there. This process is also included in the function of the control unit 60.

  These functions can be realized by executing software, and specifically, can be realized by executing an elevator control program. Some of these functions may be executed by hardware.

  An information center 70 shown in FIG. 1 is a remote monitoring center connected to the control unit 60 through an appropriate network. For example, the operation status of the elevator equipment, the urging state of the urging means 40 in the braking device A, and the like are transmitted to the information center. When the abnormality information is transmitted, the information center 70 performs, for example, a process of dispatching maintenance personnel. The information center 70 can be configured by a computer center having various databases.

  Here, functions of the urging state detection module 66 and the detection result output module 68 of the control unit 60 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the brake drum 20, the brake lining 32, the lining attachment portion 34, and the brake arm in order to qualitatively explain the state of the urging state in the urging means 40. Here, the brake arm is shown as a brake arm 36 in the open mode and as a brake arm 37 in the brake mode.

  And in order to show the state of one end of brake arms 36 and 37, screw axis 42 is typically shown with a straight line. An appropriate range 52 in the release mode and an appropriate range 54 in the braking mode are shown on the screw shaft 42. The appropriate range 52 in the release mode is set with an appropriate allowable range based on the state in which the brake drum 20 and the brake lining 32 are completely in a non-contact state. The appropriate range 54 in the braking mode is set with an appropriate allowable range based on the state in which the brake drum 20 and the brake lining 32 are completely in contact with each other.

  The appropriate permissible range means that the braking device A is normal in consideration of setting errors, errors in looseness with time between the adjusting nut 44 and the screw shaft 42, and the like regarding the setting of the adjusting nut 44 that is the adjusting end. A range that can be handled as an operation is set in advance.

  Whether or not the urging state at one end of each of the brake arms 36 and 37 is within the appropriate ranges 52 and 54 is determined based on the detection data of the pressure detector 50. That is, the appropriate ranges 52 and 54 are set in advance in association with the detection value of the pressure detector 50. In FIG. 3, the appropriate range of pressure is schematically shown corresponding to the appropriate ranges 52 and 54 in the screw shaft 42. That is, the pressure value in the appropriate range in the braking mode is set to be smaller than the pressure value in the appropriate range in the release mode. Acquisition of the detection data of the pressure detector 50 is executed by the function of the urging state detection module 66 of the control unit 60.

  The detection data of the pressure detector 50 corresponds to the elastic force of the coil spring 46, which is an elastic means, so that the urging state at one end of the brake arms 36 and 37 is appropriate depending on the data of the movement position due to the elastic deformation of the coil spring 46. It can be determined whether or not it is within the ranges 52 and 54. For example, the urging state of the urging means 40 can be acquired using a position detection sensor that detects the position of the adjustment nut 44 instead of the pressure detector 50. In FIG. 3, the appropriate range of the position of the adjustment nut 44 is schematically shown corresponding to the appropriate ranges 52 and 54 in the screw shaft 42. That is, the position value in the appropriate range in the braking mode is set as a position value closer to the brake drum 20 than the value in the appropriate range in the release mode.

  In this way, the state of one end of the brake arm 36 is detected and compared with a predetermined range of the detection means corresponding to the preset appropriate ranges 52 and 54, so that the biasing state of the biasing means 40 is appropriate. It is judged whether or not, and if it is not appropriate, a message to that effect is output. As a result, a worker or the like is dispatched and the adjustment nut 44 is reset, so that appropriate setting of the biasing force of the biasing means 40 is quickly performed. Further, when the urging state of the urging means 40 is not appropriate, the car 12 is stopped according to a predetermined evacuation procedure, so that the safety of the elevator equipment as an elevator is ensured.

  10 Elevator Braking System, 12 Ride Car, 13 Main Rope, 14 Balance Weight, 16 Sheave, 18 Rotating Electric Machine, 20 Brake Drum, 22 Electromagnetic Coil Opening Drive Mechanism, 24 Speed Detection Unit, 26 Landing Detection Unit, 30 Brake Shoe, 32 Brake lining, 34 Lining attachment part, 36, 37 Brake arm, 40 Biasing means, 42 Screw shaft, 44 Adjustment nut, 46 Coil spring, 50 Pressure detector, 52, 54 Appropriate range, 60 Control part, 62 Lifting drive module 64 Opening drive module, 66 Energized state detection module, 68 Detection result output module, 70 Information center.

Claims (5)

A brake drum connected to the output shaft of the rotating electrical machine that drives the elevator;
A brake shoe that is combined with the brake drum and brakes the brake drum by friction;
Urging means for urging the brake shoe toward the brake drum with a predetermined urging force to set the braking mode;
An opening drive means that separates the brake shoe from the brake drum and sets the release mode against the urging force of the urging means;
A biasing state detecting means for detecting a biasing state of the biasing means;
A detection result output means for determining whether or not the detection value of the energization state detection means is within a predetermined range set in advance and outputting the result;
Stop means for stopping the elevator by a predetermined retreat procedure when it is determined by the detection result output means that the position is not within the predetermined range;
An elevator brake system comprising: The elevator braking system according to claim 1,
The detection result output means
An abnormal state occurs when the detected value of the biasing state detection means is outside the range of the braking mode range preset for the braking mode or outside the range of the opening mode range preset for the release mode. Elevator braking system, characterized in that The elevator braking system according to claim 1,
The energized state detecting means is
An elevator braking system comprising: a pressure detector for detecting an urging force of the urging means, or a position detector for detecting a movement position due to elastic deformation of the urging means. The elevator braking system according to claim 1,
The biasing means is
An elastic body having one end connected to the brake shoe,
An adjustment end connected to the other end of the elastic body, the adjustment end moving the elastic body in the axial direction so that the elastic body applies a predetermined biasing force to the brake shoe;
Comprising
The elevator braking system, wherein the urging state detecting means is a pressure detector provided between the other end of the elastic body and the adjusting end. The elevator braking system according to claim 1,
The elevator braking system, wherein the elevator is an elevator or a lift, or an escalator having an arbitrary inclination.

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