JP2022032664A - Fuel composition and production method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a fuel composition which has storage stability hardly generating sediment (especially, long-term storage stability where a sediment amount is sufficiently suppressed even after passage of 4 months) even when stored at high temperature, and to provide a production method thereof.SOLUTION: A fuel composition comprises: a base material A which is a direct desulfurization heavy oil; and a base material B which is at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogenolysis heavy oil, a hydrogenolysis light oil, hydrogenolysis kerosene, a direct desulfurization light oil, a hydrodesulfurization light oil, a catalytic cracking light oil, a thermal cracking light oil, a straight-run light oil, catalytic cracking kerosene, and straight-run kerosene. The fuel composition has a sulfur content of 0.5 mass% or less and a kinematic viscosity at 50°C of 20 mm2/s or more. A total aromatic content a (volume%) of the fuel composition satisfies the following inequality (1): a×(-0.1007 s2+0.065 s-0.0107)+(1.2324 s2-0.6297 s+0.4204)≤0.19 (1) [in the inequality (1), s represents latent sediment (mass%) of the direct desulfurization heavy oil].SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

The present invention relates to a fuel composition and a method for producing the same.

Conventionally, fuel oil for ships has been manufactured from residual oil obtained in petroleum refining plants. A fuel oil having a kinematic viscosity and a sulfur content adjusted by mixing a gas oil distillate or a cracked gas oil with the base material is produced (see, for example, Patent Document 1 below).

In recent years, the reduction of sulfur in marine fuel oil has been progressing due to the emission regulation of NOx, SOx and PM for ships, and the low sulfur fuel oil used in the general ocean after 2020 has a sulfur content of 0.50 mass. It is required to reduce it to% or less.

Regarding the kinematic viscosity of fuel oil for ships, it is desirable that the kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 20 mm ² / s or more. This is set so that the kinematic viscosity at the engine entrance does not fall below the minimum kinematic viscosity of 2 mm ² / s set by major engine manufacturers.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2020-2339

By the way, heavy substrates such as residual oil are prone to sediment (precipitate), and if the amount of sediment in the fuel oil is large, problems such as clogging of the fuel oil filter may occur. Further, the environment in which the fuel oil is stored may be higher than the normal temperature, and the fuel oil is required to be difficult to generate sediment even in such an environment.

An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel composition having excellent storage stability in which sediments are less likely to be formed even when stored at a high temperature, and a method for producing the same.

In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have diligently studied, and in Patent Document 1, it is disclosed that the latent sediment in the heavy oil composition is adjusted to a predetermined value or less, but the latent sediment immediately after production is disclosed. It was found that the amount of sediment after long-term storage may not always be sufficiently suppressed even if the amount is small. Therefore, the present inventors have stored a fuel oil composition in which a specific heavy substrate and a specific different substrate are blended to adjust the sulfur content and the kinematic viscosity at 60 ° C. for 4 months. By conducting tests, a formula was devised to predict the actual sediment of the fuel composition after storage at 60 ° C. for 4 months from the specific properties of the fuel composition. Then, the present inventors have completed the present invention based on this calculation formula.

That is, one aspect of the present invention is a base material A which is a direct desulfurized heavy oil, a hydrocracked gas oil, a hydrocracked gas oil, a hydrodesulfurized kerosene, a direct hydrodesulfurized gas oil, a hydrodesulfurized gas oil, a catalytically decomposed gas oil, and a heat-decomposed gas oil. A fuel composition comprising, at least one substrate B selected from the group consisting of straight-run gas oil, catalytically decomposed kerosene, and straight-run kerosene.
Sulfur content is 0.5% by mass or less,
The kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 20 mm ² / s or more.
Provided is a fuel composition in which the total aromatic content a (% by volume) of the fuel composition satisfies the following formula (1).
a × (-0.1007s ² + 0.065s-0.0107) + (1.2324s ^2-0.6297s + 0.4204) ≤ 0.19 ... (1)
[In formula (1), s directly represents the latent sediment (% by mass) of desulfurized heavy oil]

By satisfying the above composition, the above fuel composition may contain a heavy substrate, but may be difficult to form sediments even when stored at a high temperature. For example, even when stored at 60 ° C. for a long period of 4 months, the amount of sediment can be sufficiently reduced.

The direct desulfurized heavy oil may have a latent sediment of 0.20% by mass or less, a kinematic viscosity of 20 mm ² / s or more at 50 ° C., and an aromatic content of 17.3 to 35.5% by mass. , The sulfur content may be 0.78% by mass or less.

Another aspect of the invention provides a method of making a fuel composition. The method for producing the fuel composition is as follows: base material A, which is a direct desulfurized heavy oil, hydrocracked gas oil, hydrocracked gas oil, hydrocracked gas oil, direct desulfurized gas oil, hydrogenated desulfurized gas oil, catalytically decomposed gas oil, and thermal cracked gas oil. , At least one base material B selected from the group consisting of straight-run gas oil, catalytically decomposed kerosene, and straight-run kerosene, and the total aromatic content a (volume%) of the fuel composition is the following formula (1). The fuel composition is blended so that the sulfur content of the fuel composition is 0.5% by mass or less and the kinematic viscosity of the fuel composition at 50 ° C. is 20 mm ² / s or more.
a × (-0.1007s ² + 0.065s-0.0107) + (1.2324s ^2-0.6297s + 0.4204) ≤ 0.19 ... (1)
[In formula (1), s represents the latent sediment (% by mass) of the direct desulfurized heavy oil. ]

According to the above-mentioned method for producing a fuel composition, it is possible to produce a fuel composition having excellent storage stability in which sediments are less likely to be formed even when stored at a high temperature.

In the above method for producing a fuel composition, the direct desulfurized heavy oil has a latent sediment of 0.20% by mass or less, a kinematic viscosity of 20 mm ² / s or more at 50 ° C., and an aromatic content of 17.3 to 35.5% by mass. The substrate B may have a sulfur content of 0.78% by mass or less.

According to the present invention, it has excellent storage stability in which sediments are less likely to be formed even when stored at a high temperature (particularly, it has long-term storage stability in which the amount of sediments is sufficiently suppressed even after 4 months have passed). A fuel composition and a method for producing the same can be provided.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

<Fuel composition>
The fuel composition of the present embodiment contains a base material A which is a direct desulfurized heavy oil, a hydrocracked gas oil, a hydrocracked gas oil, a hydrocracked gas oil, a direct hydrodesulfurized gas oil, a hydrodesulfurized gas oil, a catalytically decomposed gas oil, and a heat-decomposed gas oil. , At least one substrate B selected from the group consisting of straight-run gas oil, catalytically decomposed kerosene, and straight-run kerosene.

Direct desulfurized heavy oil is a heavy fraction obtained by desulfurizing normal pressure residual oil or reduced pressure residual oil. For example, desulfurized bottom oil obtained from a direct desulfurization apparatus (Residue Hydrodesulfurizing plant; RDS) can be used.

The direct desulfurized heavy oil may have a sulfur content of 0.6% by mass or less, or 0.1 to 0.55% by mass, from the viewpoint of facilitating the satisfaction of the sulfur content regulation value as a composition. It may be 0.15 to 0.55% by mass.

In the present specification, the sulfur content means a value measured according to JIS K2541-4 "Crude oil and petroleum products-Sulfur content test method Part 4: Radiation excitation method".

The direct desulfurized heavy oil may have a latent sediment of 0.0 to 0.20% by mass, or 0.0 to 0.17% by mass, from the viewpoint of facilitating long-term storage stability for 4 months. It may be present, and may be 0.0 to 0.12% by mass.

As used herein, latent sediment means a value measured according to ISO 10307-2 (2009).

The direct desulfurized heavy oil may have a density of 0.9001 to 0.9423 g / cm ³ and 0.9107 to 0.9391 g / cm ³ at 15 ° C. from the viewpoint of facilitating securing a sufficient calorific value. It may be 0.9213 to 0.9359 g / cm ³ .

In the present specification, the density at 15 ° C. means a value measured according to JIS K 2249 “Crude Oil and Petroleum Products-Density Test Method and Density / Mass / Capacity Conversion Table”.

The direct desulfurized heavy oil may have a kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. of 20.0 to 874 mm ² / s and 30.0 to 874 mm ² from the viewpoint of facilitating the securing of the desired kinematic viscosity as the final composition. It may be / s, or it may be 33.6 to 874 mm ² / s.

In the present specification, the kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. means a value measured according to JIS K 2283 "Crude oil and petroleum products-kinematic viscosity test method and viscosity index calculation method".

The direct desulfurized heavy oil may have an aromatic content of 17 to 40% by mass, and 17.3 to 35.5% by mass, from the viewpoint of suppressing sediment formation and facilitating long-term storage stability. It may be 20.0 to 35.0% by mass, or 23.0 to 32.0% by mass.

In the present specification, the aromatic content of the direct desulfurized heavy oil means a value measured according to JPI-5S-22-83 “Composition analysis method by column chromatography of asphalt”.

The direct desulfurized heavy oil may have a CCAI of 780 to 810, 785 to 805, or 788 to 800 from the viewpoint of facilitating the securing of combustibility.

In the present specification, CCAI means a value calculated by the following formula.
CCAI = D-140.7log {log (V + 0.85)} -80.6
Here, D indicates the density (kg / m ³ @ 15 ° C.), and V indicates the kinematic viscosity (mm ² / s @ 50 ° C.).

The direct desulfurization heavy oil may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When the base material A is composed of two or more kinds of directly desulfurized heavy oil, the base material A may have the above-mentioned properties.

The content of the base material A in the fuel composition may be 50 to 99% by volume based on the total amount of the fuel composition from the viewpoint of facilitating the securing of the required kinematic viscosity as the final composition. 55 It may be ~ 95% by volume or 55 ~ 90% by volume.

Next, the base material B will be described.

The hydrocracked heavy oil is a heavy oil fraction obtained by supplying decompressed gas oil obtained by distillation of atmospheric residual oil under reduced pressure to a hydrocracking apparatus. As a hydrogenation decomposition device, for example, heavy distillate oil is removed by a desulfurization device, and heavy oil is converted into naphtha (gasoline), kerosene, and gas oil distillate by hydrogen using a catalyst at high temperature and high pressure. Anything that can carry out the process of decomposition can be used.

The hydrocracked gas oil is a gas oil fraction obtained in the above process.

Hydrogenated decomposition kerosene is a kerosene fraction obtained in the above process.

Direct desulfurized gas oil is a gas oil fraction obtained by desulfurizing normal pressure residual oil or vacuum residual oil. For example, light oil obtained directly from a desulfurization apparatus can be used.

The catalytic cracking gas oil and the catalytic cracking kerosene are intermediate fractions (kerosene gas oil fractions) obtained by selectively performing cracking reactions of desulfurized vacuum gas oil and residual oil with a cracking catalyst. For example, an intermediate distillate (kerosene light oil distillate) obtained from an FCC (Fluid Catalyst Cracking) device for producing gasoline, kerosene, light oil and the like from heavy oil can be used.

The pyrolyzed gas oil is a gas oil fraction obtained by decomposing the residual oil of a atmospheric distillation apparatus or a vacuum distillation apparatus. For example, a gas oil fraction obtained from a delayed coker, which is a device for decomposing residual oil, can be used. Examples of the delayed coker include a method in which the residual oil is rapidly heated by a heating furnace coil and subjected to a liquid phase pyrolysis reaction by a batch type drum to produce distillate oil, which is further desulfurized to reduce sulfur.

Diesel fuel and kerosene are intermediate distillates (kerosene distillates) obtained by distilling and separating crude oil.

The base material B may have a sulfur content of 1.5% by mass or less, 0.78% by mass or less, or 0. It may be 0 to 0.5% by mass, or 0.0 to 0.38% by mass.

The substrate B may have a density of 0.8279 to 0.9500 g / cm ³ at 15 ° C., or 0.8300 to 0.9500 g / cm ³ from the viewpoint of facilitating the securing of a sufficient calorific value. It may be 0.8700 to 0.9500 g / cm ³ .

The substrate B has a kinematic viscosity of 1.640 to 35.70 mm ² / s at 50 ° C. from the viewpoint that the final fuel composition obtained by mixing with the substrate A can easily satisfy the required kinematic viscosity range. It may be 1.65 to 31.00 mm ² / s, or 1.650 to 27.77 mm ² / s.

The base material B may have an aromatic content of 9.0 to 85.0% by volume, 10.0 to 82.0% by volume, or 10.0 to 79.0% by volume. There may be.

In the present specification, the aromatic content of the base material B means a value measured by JPI-5S-49 "Petroleum product-hydrocarbon type test method-high performance liquid chromatograph method. However, hydrocracked heavy oil is used. , JPI-5S-22-83 "Composition analysis method by column chromatography of asphalt". When the base material B contains hydrogenated heavy oil having an aromatic content of Ar1 (mass%), the aromatic content (volume%) of the base material B is approximated to Ar1 (mass%) = Ar1 (volume%). calculate.

From the viewpoint of flammability, the base material B may have a CCAI of 775 to 903, 780 to 845, or 789 to 845.

The content of the base material B in the fuel composition is 1.0 to 1.0 based on the total amount of the fuel composition from the viewpoint of making it easy for the final fuel composition obtained by mixing with the base material A to satisfy the required kinematic viscosity range. It may be 50.0% by volume, 5.0 to 45.0% by volume, or 10.0 to 45.0% by volume.

The total content of the base material A and the base material B in the fuel composition may be 80% by volume or more or 100% by volume based on the total amount of the fuel composition.

The fuel composition of the present embodiment has a sulfur content of 0.5% by mass or less, may be 0.49% by mass or less, and may be 0.48% by mass from the viewpoint of satisfying the sulfur content regulation of the fuel composition. It may be as follows.

The fuel composition of the present embodiment has a kinematic viscosity of 20 mm ² / s or more at 50 ° C., may be 20.0 to 250.0 mm ² / s, and may be 20 from the viewpoint of avoiding damage to the engine. It may be 0.0 to 216.0 mm ² / s.

By the way, conventional marine fuel oil, which was mainly produced as residual oil, was used by heating it to about 120 ° C. However, some domestic vessels cannot control this heating temperature to 120 ° C or lower. .. By having the above-mentioned kinematic viscosity, the fuel composition of the present embodiment has a kinematic viscosity of 2 mm ² / s or more even in such a ship even when heated to a temperature of 120 ° C. or higher as in the conventional case. It can be kept and damage to the engine can be avoided.

In the fuel composition of the present embodiment, the total aromatic content a (% by volume) of the fuel composition can satisfy the following formula (1).
a × (-0.1007s ² + 0.065s-0.0107) + (1.2324s ^2-0.6297s + 0.4204) ≤ 0.19 ... (1)
[In formula (1), s directly represents the latent sediment (% by mass) of desulfurized heavy oil]

The total aromatic content a (volume%) of the fuel composition containing the directly desulfurized heavy oil having an aromatic content of Ar (mass%) is calculated by approximating Ar (mass%) = Ar (volume%). When the fuel composition contains hydrodecomposed heavy oil, the total aromatic content a (% by volume) of the fuel composition is calculated in the same manner.

In the present embodiment, the storage stability index Y calculated from the following formulas (A) to (C) may be 0.19 or less, 0.00 to 0.18, or 0. It may be 0.0 to 0.17.
Y = B (s) · a + C (s) ... (A)
B (s) = -0.1007s ² +0.065s-0.0107 ... (B)
C (s) = 1.2324s ^2-0.6297s + 0.4204 ... (C)
In the above formula, a indicates the total aromatic content (% by mass) of the fuel composition, and s indicates the latent sediment (% by mass) of the direct desulfurized heavy oil.

Further, the fuel composition of the present embodiment may have a total aromatic content of 21.5 to 70% by volume from the viewpoint of suppressing sediment formation and facilitating long-term storage stability. It may be 0 to 50.0% by volume, or 23.1 to 41.6% by volume.

From the viewpoint of flammability, the fuel composition of the present embodiment may have a CCAI of 771 to 836, 784 to 832, or 796 to 827.

The fuel composition of the present embodiment can be used as a fuel oil for an internal combustion engine such as for ships and a fuel oil for boilers such as electric power, chemicals, and paper and pulp industry.

Further, the fuel composition of the present embodiment can be used as a heavy oil composition equivalent to C heavy oil.

<Manufacturing method of fuel composition>
The method for producing the fuel composition of the present embodiment includes a base material A which is a direct desulfurized gas oil, a hydrocracked gas oil, a hydrocracked gas oil, a hydrocracked gas oil, a direct desulfurized gas oil, a hydrolyzed gas oil, and a catalytically decomposed gas oil. At least one base material B selected from the group consisting of heat-decomposed gas oil, straight-run gas oil, catalytically-decomposed kerosene, and straight-run kerosene, and the total aromatic content a (volume%) of the fuel composition is the following formula. The present invention comprises a step of blending the fuel composition so that the sulfur content of the fuel composition is 0.5% by mass or less and the kinematic viscosity of the fuel composition at 50 ° C. is 20 mm ² / s or more.
a × (-0.1007s ² + 0.065s-0.0107) + (1.2324s ^2-0.6297s + 0.4204) ≤ 0.19 ... (1)
[In formula (1), s represents the latent sediment (% by mass) of the direct desulfurized heavy oil. ]

The above process is
Step S1 for measuring the latent sediment (mass%), aromatic content (mass%), sulfur content and kinematic viscosity of the substrate A before compounding at 50 ° C.
Step S2 for measuring the aromatic content (% by volume), sulfur content and kinematic viscosity of the substrate B before compounding at 50 ° C.
From the latent sediments (mass%) obtained in step S1 and the above formula (1), the lower limit value _amin of the total aromatic content a (volume%) of the fuel composition is obtained in step S3.
The aromatic content (mass%), sulfur content and kinematic viscosity of the base material A obtained in step S1 and the aromatic content (volume%), sulfur content and kinematic viscosity of the base material B obtained in step S2. Based on the kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C, the sulfur content of the fuel composition is 0.5% by mass or less, the kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C is 20 mm ² / s or more, and the total aromatic content a (volume%) is the lower limit value a. In step S4, which sets the mixing ratio of the base material A and the base material B so as to be _min or more,
Can be included.

As the base material A and the base material B, the same base material A and the base material B in the above-mentioned fuel composition can be used.

Further, in step S4, the total aromatic content a (volume%) of the fuel composition, the latent sediment s (mass%) of the direct desulfurized heavy oil, and the storage stability index calculated from the above formulas (A) to (C). The blending ratio of the base material A and the base material B may be set so that Y is 0.19 or less, 0.00 to 0.18, or 0.00 to 0.17.

Efficiently produce a fuel composition in which the total aromatic content a (volume%) satisfies the above formula (1), the sulfur content is 0.5% by mass or less, and the kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 20 mm ² / s or more. From the viewpoint, the substrate A has a latent sediment of 0.20% by mass or less, a kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. of 20.0 mm ² / s or more, and an aromatic content of 17.3 to 35.5% by mass. As the base material B, a substrate B having a sulfur content of 0.78% by mass or less can be used.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.

<Manufacturing of fuel oil composition>
(Examples 1 to 13, Comparative Example 1)
The substrates shown in Tables 1 and 2 were mixed at the blending ratios (% by volume) shown in Tables 3 to 4 to obtain fuel compositions, respectively. The properties and the like shown in Tables 1 to 4 were measured as follows.

Latent Sediment: Measured according to ISO 10307-2 (2009).

Sulfur content: Measured according to JIS K2541-4 "Crude oil and petroleum products-Sulfur content test method Part 4: Radiation excitation method".

Density (15 ° C.): Measured according to JIS K 2249 "Crude oil and petroleum products-Density test method and density / mass / capacity conversion table".

Kinematic viscosity (50 ° C.): Measured according to JIS K 2283 "Crude oil and petroleum products-kinematic viscosity test method and viscosity index calculation method".

Aromatic content of base material: For direct desulfurized heavy oil and hydrocracked heavy oil, the aromatic content (% by mass) was measured according to JPI-5S-22-83 "Composition analysis method by column chromatography of asphalt". The value was used as% by volume.
For other substrates, aromatic content (% by volume) was measured by JPI-5S-49 "Petroleum products-hydrocarbon type test method-high speed liquid chromatograph method".

Total aromatic component a: The weighted average value based on the aromatic component of each base material obtained above and the blending ratio of each base material was calculated and used as the total aromatic component a.

CCAI: Calculated by the following formula.
CCAI = D-140.7log {log (V + 0.85)} -80.6
Here, D indicates the density (kg / m ³ @ 15 ° C.), and V indicates the kinematic viscosity (mm ² / s @ 50 ° C.).

For the obtained fuel composition, the storage stability index Y calculated from the following formulas (A) to (C) is shown in the table.
Y = B (s) · a + C (s) ... (A)
B (s) = -0.1007s ² +0.065s-0.0107 ... (B)
C (s) = 1.2324s ^2-0.6297s + 0.4204 ... (C)
In the above formula, a indicates the total aromatic content (% by mass) of the fuel composition, and s indicates the latent sediment (% by mass) of the direct desulfurized heavy oil.

<Storage stability of fuel composition>
The fuel composition was stored at 60 ° C. for 4 months and the real sediment was measured for the fuel composition after storage according to ISO 10307-1 (2009).

The fuel compositions of Examples 1 to 13 formulated so as to have a storage stability index Y of 0.19 or less have an actual sediment of 0.002 to 0.19% by mass after being stored at 60 ° C. for 4 months. It was confirmed that the storage stability was excellent.

Further, in the fuel compositions of Examples 1 to 13, the actual sediment has a storage stability index Y or less, and according to the present invention, the total aromatic content was adjusted according to the latent sediment of the direct desulfurized heavy oil. By producing the fuel oil composition, it becomes possible to predict and manage the storage stability of the obtained fuel composition. It is known that CCAI represents the aromaticity of fuel oil. However, Comparative Example 1, which has the same CCAI as in Examples 3 and 7, but has a storage stability index Y of 0.232 calculated based on latent sediments and total aromatic content a, is Example 3. In addition, the number of existing sediments is larger than that of Example 7, and it can be said that the storage stability index Y according to the present invention is superior to CCAI in the management of suppressing the occurrence of sediments.

Claims (4)

Base material A, which is a direct desulfurized heavy oil,
Selected from the group consisting of hydrocracked gas oil, hydrocracked gas oil, hydrocracked gas oil, direct desulfurized gas oil, hydrodesulfurized gas oil, catalytic cracked gas oil, thermal cracked gas oil, direct-drained gas oil, catalytic cracked gas oil, and direct-drained kerosene. At least one kind of base material B and
Is a fuel composition containing
Sulfur content is 0.5% by mass or less,
The kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 20 mm ² / s or more.
A fuel composition in which the total aromatic content a (% by volume) of the fuel composition satisfies the following formula (1).
a × (-0.1007s ² + 0.065s-0.0107) + (1.2324s ^2-0.6297s + 0.4204) ≤ 0.19 ... (1)
[In formula (1), s represents the latent sediment (% by mass) of the direct desulfurized heavy oil. ] The direct desulfurized heavy oil has a latent sediment of 0.20% by mass or less, a kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. of 20.0 mm ² / s or more, and an aromatic content of 17.3 to 35.5% by mass.
The fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein the base material B has a sulfur content of 0.78% by mass or less. A method of producing a fuel composition
Substrate A, which is a direct desulfurized heavy oil, hydrocracked gas oil, hydrocracked gas oil, hydrocracked gas oil, direct desulfurized gas oil, hydrodesulfurized gas oil, catalytically cracked gas oil, thermal cracked gas oil, direct distillate gas oil, catalytically cracked kerosene, And at least one base material B selected from the group consisting of straight-running kerosene.
The total aromatic content a (volume%) of the fuel composition satisfies the following formula (1), the sulfur content of the fuel composition is 0.5% by mass or less, and the kinematic viscosity of the fuel composition at 50 ° C. is A method for producing a fuel composition, which is blended so as to have a viscosity of 20 mm ² / s or more.
a × (-0.1007s ² + 0.065s-0.0107) + (1.2324s ^2-0.6297s + 0.4204) ≤ 0.19 ... (1)
[In formula (1), s represents the latent sediment (% by mass) of the direct desulfurized heavy oil. ] The direct desulfurized heavy oil has a latent sediment of 0.20% by mass or less, a kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. of 20.0 mm ² / s or more, and an aromatic content of 17.3 to 35.5% by mass.
The method for producing a fuel composition according to claim 3, wherein the base material B has a sulfur content of 0.78% by mass or less.